250 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 22 No. 4 로뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충이보고된바있다. 시설재배과채류가운데딸기에피해를일으키는뿌리혹선충은당근뿌리혹선충 (M. hapla), 자바뿌리혹선충 (M. javanica) 등이보고되어있으며, 이들선충에

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1 식물병연구 Research Article Open Access Res. Plant Dis. 22(4): (2016) 국내딸기시설재배주산단지토양내의주요식물기생선충감염현황 Incidence of Major Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Main Producing Areas of Strawberry in Korea 고형래 1 ㆍ이민아 1 ㆍ김은화 1 ㆍ김세종 2 ㆍ이재국 1 * 1 농촌진흥청국립농업과학원농산물안전성부작물보호과, 2 투엠바이오 *Corresponding author Tel: Fax: jk2lee@korea.kr Hyoung-Rai Ko 1, Min-A Lee 1, Eun-Hwa Kim 1, Se-Jong Kim 2, and Jae-Kook Lee 1 * 1 Crop Protection Division, Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea 2 2mBio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Korea Received September 27, 2016 Revised November 27, 2016 Accepted December 8, 2016 To investigate the incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes from plastic-house fields of strawberry, 170 soil samples were collected from the main producing area of strawberry in Korea from 2014 to Based on the investigation, root-lesion nematode (RLN; Pratylenchus spp.) and root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) are the most important pests in plastic-house fields of strawberry with 57% and 36% incidences, respectively. Among the collected fields, 96 and 63 fields were infected RNL and RKN, respectively with 44 fields (38.8%) being detected at both nematode. High degree of incidence of both nematodes were observed in the regions of Jinju, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. For identification of species level, phylogenetic and distance analysis were performed using RLN and RKN isolates generated from the regions of Jinju. The results indicated that the RLN and RKN isolates were Pratylenchus vulnus and Meloidogyne hapla, respectively. This study showed that P. vulnus and M. hapla could be most dominant species in plastic-house fields of strawberry. This data will provide basic knowledge for development of effective control strategies. Keywords: Dominant, Incidence, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Strawberry 서론 딸기는생과일이나잼, 음료등과같은먹거리뿐만아니 라케이크등의장식용재료로도널리이용되고있다. 딸기 의국내시설재배면적은 2012 년 6,290 ha 로전체시설재배 과채류가운데 3 순위, 생산량은수박등박과작물에이어 4 순위로나타났다 (Hur, 2013). 반면, 총생산액은 2012 년경상 Research in Plant Disease pissn , eissn 가격기준 1조 1,888억원으로전체과채류가운데가장큰시장규모를형성하고있다. 또한, 저온에서도생육이가능하여난방비가적게들며연도별가격편차가적기때문에농가의안정적인수입원이되고있다. 딸기재배지에서경제적으로큰손실을일으키는식물기생선충으로는뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne), 뿌리썩이선충 (Pratylenchus), 잎선충 (Aphelenchoides), 창선충 (Xiphinema), 바늘선충 (Longidorus), 주름선충 (Criconematoides) 등이알려져있다 (Brown 등, 1993; Esnard와 Zukerman, 1998). 국내에서도 Choi (1977) 에의해 1970년대노지재배딸기의문제선충으 The Korean Society of Plant Pathology cc This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 249

2 250 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 22 No. 4 로뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충이보고된바있다. 시설재배과채류가운데딸기에피해를일으키는뿌리혹선충은당근뿌리혹선충 (M. hapla), 자바뿌리혹선충 (M. javanica) 등이보고되어있으며, 이들선충에의해피해를받은딸기의생육은 30% 이상감소하는것으로알려져있다 (Edwards 등, 1985). 뿌리혹선충의피해를받은식물체는뿌리에혹 (gall) 이형성되고물과영양분의흡수를방해받아지상부에서시들음, 왜화등의피해증상이나타난다 (Dropkin, 1980). 뿌리혹선충은수컷의두부형태와암컷의 perineal pattern을통한형태학적, 효소표현형을이용한생화학적, restriction fragment length polymorphism 등분자생물학적기법을통해종단위까지동정이가능한것으로알려져있다 (Cho 등, 2000; Eisenback 등, 1981; Han 등, 2004). 특히, 뿌리혹선충국내기록종가운데농업에서문제되고있는고구마뿌리혹선충 (M. incognita), 땅콩뿌리혹선충 (M. arenaria), 당근뿌리혹선충 (M. hapla) 및자바뿌리혹선충 (M. javanica) 의분자생물학적종동정에는 mitochondrial DNA의 cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) 와 16S rrna 사이유전자부위가많이이용되고있다 (Cho 등, 2006; Choi, 2001; Han 등, 2004; Powers와 Harris, 1993; Xu 등, 2004). 딸기에피해를주는선충으로는딸기뿌리썩이선충 (P. penetrans) 과사과뿌리썩이선충 (P. vulnus) 이알려져있다 (Choi, 1977; Lamondia, 2002). 뿌리썩이선충은이동성내부기생성선충으로식물뿌리와토양사이를오가며기주식물뿌리에국부적인괴사병반을만든다 (Dropkin, 1980). 뿌리썩이선충의종동정은주로두부, 꼬리등의형태와각부위별크기를근거로하지만 (Handoo와 Golden, 1989), 종내변이가심하여종동정에어려움이있는것으로보고된바있다 (Taylor와 Jenkins, 1957). 국내에서 Han 등 (2006) 은 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 와 28S rrna D3 유전자분석을통한뿌리썩이선충의종동정을시도하였으며, 국외에서는뿌리썩이선충의분자생물학적종동정을위한연구에 ITS rrna와 28S rrna D2 D3 expansion segments 유전자부위를많이이용하고있다 (Luca 등, 2012; Palomares-Rius 등, 2010; Peetz와 Zasada, 2016). 국내에서딸기는 1980년대이후로노지재배에서시설재배로재배양식이변화되어왔으며, 2012년의딸기재배면적은노지재배가 2%, 시설재배가 98% 로나타났다 (Hur, 2013). 특히, 딸기는 9월에정식하여이듬해 4 5월까지수확하는작물로, 재배특성상연작및장기재배로인하여식물기생선충에의한피해를받아수량의감소가증가하고있다 (Kim, 2001). 그러나딸기작부형태가시설재배로전환된 이래로식물기생선충의발생실태에관해연구된바가미흡하며, 딸기시설재배에서발생하는기생선충의종류및피해조사와피해경감을위한기술개발이시급한실정이다. 이에따라, 본연구는딸기주산단지시설재배지에발생하는식물기생선충의종류와분포및우점종을조사하여종합적방제를위한기초자료로활용하고자수행하였다. 재료및방법 딸기시설재배지토양채집및선충검경. 2014년 11 월부터 2015년 5월까지충남의 3개지역 ( 논산, 공주, 부여 ), 전북의 2개지역 ( 익산, 완주 ), 전남의 2개지역 ( 담양, 곡성 ), 경북의 1개지역 ( 고령 ) 및경남의 2개지역 ( 진주, 밀양 ) 을포함하는총 10개지역의국내딸기주산단지내시설재배지로부터 170점의토양시료를채취하였다 (Table 1). 채취한토양을골고루섞어선충의밀도를균일하게하고 500 cm 3 토양을정량하여토양현탁액을만들었다. 토양현탁액을 60 mesh, 400 mesh 체로순서대로거른후 400 mesh 체에걸러진유충을모아변형된 Baermann 깔때기장치위에부어 48 시간경과시켜토양내선충을분리하였다 (Barker 등, 1985). 분리된선충을해부현미경 (MZ12; Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) 아래서 50배율로관찰하면서형태학적으로식물기생선충의종류와밀도를조사하였다. 주요기생선충의 DNA추출. 선충한마리로부터의 genomic DNA 추출은필터페이퍼를이용한선충체벽파쇄법으로수행하였다 (Iwahori 등, 2000). 슬라이드글라스위에멸균수한방울을떨어뜨린다음, 진주지역 26개포장가운데뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충이검출되었던각 10개, 19개포장의토양시료로부터선충을각각 15마리씩표준집단으로건져슬라이드글라스위의멸균수에올려놓았다. 해부현미경아래서선충의체벽을멸균된필터페이퍼조각으로짓누르고체벽이파괴되면서나오는성분을필터페이퍼에묻혀 15 μl의 proteinase K solution (2 M KCl 2, 10 mm Tris- HCl, 1 M MgCl 2, 10% [w/v] Triton-X 100, 20.6 mg/ml Proteinase K) 이들어있는 0.2 ml의 PCR tube에넣었다. 이를 PCR cycler (PTC-200; MJ Research, Alameda, CA, USA) 에넣고 60 o C에서 30분, 94 o C에서 10분의 lysis 과정을거쳐 DNA를추출하였다. 주요기생선충의중합효소연쇄반응 (PCR). PCR은분자생물학적계통수분석시종구분이뚜렷한유전자부위의프라이머를이용하여수행하였다. 뿌리혹선충 2기

3 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 22 No Table 1. Occurrence of RKN and RLN on strawberry in plastic-house Province Location No. of fields sampled No. of fields RLN detected RLN density/500 cm 3 soil No. of fields RKN detected RKN density/500 cm 3 soil Chungnam Nonsan ,427 (3 11,010) (3 360) Gongju (3 666) (12 486) Buyeo (6 333) (3 444) Total (3 11,010) (3 486) Jeonbuk Iksan ,575 (9 5,790) (20 3,600) Wanju (3 145) 3 1,198 (90 3,210) Total (3 5,790) 7 1,049 (20 3,600) Jeonnam Damyang (3 1,755) (3 1,692) Gokseong (1 1,356) 4 14 (3 48) Total (1 1,755) (3 1,692) Gyeongbuk Goryeong 7 3 1,300 (21 3,822) (888) Total 7 3 1,300 (21 3,822) (888) Gyeongnam Jinju ,847 (3 8,520) (4 1,785) Miryang (3 885) ( ) Total ,588 (3 8,520) (4 1,785) Total (1 11,010) (3 3,600) RKN, root-knot nematodes; RLN, root-lesion nematode. Values are presented as number only or mean (range). Investigation from November 26th, 2014 to December 20th, 유충 mitochondrial DNA의 cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) 와 16S rrna 부위유전자 PCR을위하여 forward primer #C2F3 (5 -GGTCAATGTTCAGAAATTTGTGG-3 ) 와 reverse primer #1108 (5 -TACCTTTGACCAATCACGCT-3 ) 을이용하였다 (Powers와 Harris, 1993). 뿌리썩이선충 28S rrna D2-D3 부위유전자 PCR을위하여 forward primer #D2A (5 -ACAAGTAC- CGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3 ) 와 #D3B (5 -TCGGAAGGAACCAGC- TACTA-3 ) 를이용하였다 (Nunn, 1992). PCR은 template DNA 3 μl, PCR premix (HelixAmp TM Ready-2X-Go Series; Nanohelix, Daejeon, Korea) 15 μl, forward와 reverse primer 각각 0.5 μl를혼합한다음뿌리혹선충은 94 o C에서 denaturation 1분, 48 o C 에서 annealing 2분, 68 o C에서 extension 3분의과정을 35회반복하였다. 뿌리썩이선충은 94 o C에서 denaturation 1분, 55 o C에서 annealing 40초, 72 o C에서 extension 1분의과정을 35회반복하였다. PCR 증폭산물은 1% 아가로오스겔, 1 TAE buffer (0.04 M Tris-acetate, M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) 에서 100 V, 25 ma로 30분간전기영동한다음 UV 장치 (UVCI-1100; Major science, New Taipei City, Taiwan) 에서증폭여부를확인하였다. DNA 염기서열을이용한계통수와 distance 분석. 증폭산물은 PCR Purification Kit (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany) 를이용하여정제하였으며, ( 주 ) 제노텍 (GenoTech, Daejeon, Korea) 유전자분석센터에염기서열분석을의뢰하였다. 뿌리혹선충 mtdna의 COII와 16S rrna 사이유전자와뿌리썩이선충 28S rrna D2 D3 유전자의염기서열은미국국립생물정보센터 (National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI) 에기등록된데이터들과함께 Clustal X 1.83의기본값으로정렬하였다. 분자생물학적계통수는 MrBayes 3.2.6의 general time reversible substitution model (GTR+G) 을이용하여작성하였으며 (Vovlas 등, 2015), 종내 종간변이율분석을위해 Mega 6.06의 Maximum composite Likelihood substitution model을이용하여 distance 분석을수행하였다. DNA 염기서열을기반으로한계통수분석과 distance 분석에이용한선충의정보는 Table 2와같다. 외집단분류군 (outgroup) 에서뿌리혹선충은 Humphreys-Pereira 등 (2014) 의계통수를참고하였으며, 뿌리썩이선충은 Palomares-Rius 등 (2010) 을참고하였다.

4 252 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 22 No. 4 Table 2. The information of nematode samples detected from Jinju, Korea and used in phylogenetic analysis Nematodes NCBI no. Sample no.* Location Females, males and juveniles of Pratylenchus spp. Second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne spp. KX JJP03 Changchon-ri KX JJP04 Changchon-ri KX JJP06 Wonnae-ri KX JJP09 Wongye-ri KX JJP10 Wongye-ri KX JJP11 Wongye-ri KX JJP12 Wongye-ri KX JJP13 Wongye-ri KX JJP15 Changchon-ri KX JJP16 Changchon-ri KX JJP17 Wonnae-ri KX JJP18 Wonoe-ri KX JJP19 Wonoe-ri KX JJP20 Wonoe-ri KX JJP21 Wonoe-ri KX JJP23 Wonoe-ri KX JJP24 Wonoe-ri KX JJP25 Wonoe-ri KX JJP26 Wonoe-ri KX JJ03-01 Changchon-ri KX JJ04-01 Changchon-ri KX JJ04-02 Changchon-ri KX JJ12-01 Wongye-ri KX JJ13-01 Wongye-ri KX JJ13-02 Wongye-ri KX JJ14-01 Changchon-ri KX JJ14-02 Changchon-ri KX JJ17-01 Wonnae-ri KX JJ17-02 Wonnae-ri KX JJ21-01 Wonoe-ri KX JJ21-02 Wonoe-ri KX JJ23-01 Wonoe-ri KX JJ23-02 Wonoe-ri KX JJ25-01 Wonoe-ri KX JJ25-02 Wonoe-ri KX JJ26-01 Wonoe-ri NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information. *Field number. Field number-nematode strain. 결과및고찰 딸기시설재배지의식물기생선충감염현황. 2014년 11월부터 2015년 5월까지국내딸기주산단지시설재배포장에서총 170개의토양을채취하여식물기생선충발생현황을조사한결과, 뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne), 뿌리썩이선충 (Pratylenchus), 나선선충 (Helicotylenchus), 궁침선충 (Trichodorus) 등의식물기생선충이검출되었다. 170개포장에서검출된식물기생선충가운데뿌리혹선충이 63개포장 (37.1%), 뿌리썩이선충이 96개포장 (56.5%) 에서검출되었다 (Table 3). 뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충이검출된총 115개포장가운데뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충이단독으로검출된포장은각각 19개 (16.5%) 와 52개 (45.2%) 포장으로나타났다. 반면, 44개 (38.8%) 포장은뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충이복합감염되어있었다 (Table 4). Dickerson 등 (2000) 이제시한딸기의경제적피해허용수준 (economic threshold, ET) 이상의밀도로검출된포장은뿌리혹선충이검출된 63개포장가운데 34개포장, 뿌리썩이선충이검출되었던 96개포장가운데 39개포장으로나타났다 (ET: 뿌리혹선충 2기유충 50마리 / 토양 500 cm 3, 뿌리썩이선충 250마리 / 토양 500 cm 3 ). 참선충 (Tylenchidae) 은 61 개포장에서검출되었으나토양에서일반적으로검출되는선충으로딸기에피해를일으키지않는다고하였다 (Choi, 1977). 이러한결과로볼때딸기시설재배지에서가장문제되는식물기생선충은뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충으로판단되며, 1977년 Choi에의해보고된국내노지재배딸기의문제선충과동일하였다. 한편으로, Choi (1977) 에의하면딸기의노지재배포장에서는주름선충 (Criconemoides), 위축선충 (Tylenchorhynchus), 침선충 (Paratylenchus), 잎선충 (Aphelenchoides) 과바이러스를매개하는창선충 (Xiphinema) 등 10가지속 (genus) 의식물기생선충이검출되어비교적다양한선충상을나타냈으나, 시설재배지조사결과 5가지속의식물기생선충이검출되어비교적단순한식물기생선충상을보였다 (Table 3). 딸기노지재배지에서는재배작물이외에잡초와같은다양한기주식물이수시로존재하지만, 시설재배지에서는단일작물의연작, 주년재배로기주식물이딸기에국한되므로토양내식물기생선충상이비교적단순하게나타난것으로생각된다. 딸기주산단지의지역별뿌리혹선충발생현황은경남지역이 46% 로가장높은검출률을보였으며충남 39%, 전남 38% 로나타났고, 주산단지인진주, 담양및논산지역이각

5 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 22 No Table 3. Occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil of plastic-house for strawberry Plant-parasitic nematodes Total no. of sampled fields (A) No. of detected fileds (B) No. of ET* fields (C) No. of fields according to density of each nematode per 500 cm 3 soil < Meloidogyne 63 (37.1) 34 (20.0) Pratylenchus 96 (56.5) 39 (22.9) Helicotylenchus (1.2) Tylenchidae 61 (35.9) Trichodorus 1 (0.6) Investigation from November 26th, 2014 to December 20th, *Economic threshold (ET) of strawberry (Dickerson et al., 2000): Meloidogyne spp.=50 second-stage juveniles/500 cm 3 soil, Pratylenchus spp.=250 populations/500 cm 3 soil. B/A 100. C/A 100. Table 4. Infection forms of RKN and RLN No. of fields RKN or RLN detected No. (%) of fields only RKN detected No. (%) of fields only RLN detected No. (%) of fields RKN and RLN detected (16.5) 52 (45.2) 44 (38.3) RKN, root-knot nematodes; RLN, root-lesion nematode. 각 54%, 50% 와 39% 로높은검출률을보였다. 뿌리썩이선충도마찬가지로경남 68%, 충남 61% 와전남 60% 로나타났고, 딸기재배가오래된지역인진주, 곡성, 공주순으로나타났다 (Table 1). 한편, 지상부에서시들음, 왜화등의피해증상을보이는일부포장의딸기뿌리로부터당근뿌리혹선충의피해증상과유사한혹주변에잔털이생기는 털혹 피해증상이관찰되기도하였다 (Kim, 2001). 진주지역딸기주요기생선충의종동정및우점종분석. 전국딸기시설재배지가운데식물기생선충의검출률이가장높았으며국내최대의딸기수출재배단지로잘알려진진주시수곡면을대상으로뿌리혹선충에감염된 10개포장과뿌리썩이선충에감염된 19개포장을대상으로종동정을통해우점종을확인하였다. 증폭된 PCR 산물을 UV 장치에서확인한결과, 모든포장의뿌리혹선충시료로부터약 520 bp의 PCR 증폭산물을얻었으며, 뿌리썩이선충시료로부터는약 750 bp의 PCR 증폭산물을획득하였다 (data not shown). 진주지역뿌리혹선충이검출된 10개포장과뿌리썩이선충이검출된 19개포장에서분리한선충표준집단 (n=15) 의정확한종동정을위하여 PCR 증폭산물의 DNA 염기서열분석을수행하였으며, 이를토대로분자생물학적계통수를작성한결과는 Fig. 1, 2와같다. 0.1 Fig. 1. Bayesian tree inferred from 28S rrna expansion segments D2-D3 region sequences dataset with general time reversible sub stitution model (GTR+G) substitution model of Pratylenchus. Posterior probability was given more than 50% is given on appropriate clades. The newly obtained sequences of Pratylenchus species from strawberry fields in Jinju, Korea were indicated in bold.

6 254 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 22 No Fig. 2. Bayesian tree inferred from mitochondrial DNA between cytochorome c oxidase subunit II (COII) and 16S rrna region sequences dataset with general time reversible substitution model (GTR+G) substitution model of Meloidogyne. Posterior probability was given more than 50% is given on appropriate clades. The newly obtained sequences of Meloidogyne species from strawberry fields in Jinju, Korea were indicated in bold. 진주시수곡면 19 개포장에서검출된뿌리썩이선충을 DNA 염기서열을기반으로 general time reversible substitution model (GTR+G) 을통한계통수분석과 distance 분석 을수행한결과, 분석에이용된뿌리썩이선충의종내변이 율은 0.2% 로나타났다. NCBI 에기등록되어있는 P. vulnus (EU130888) 를포함한종내변이는 0.4% 로다소높았다. 그러나근연종과의종간변이율을분석한결과 P. vulnus (EU130888) 와는 2.9%, P. penetrans (EU130863) 와는 48.1%, P. dunensis (AM231943) 와는 49.8% 의종간변이율을보였다. 이러한결과에따라진주시수곡면 19개포장에서검출된뿌리썩이선충은모두사과뿌리썩이선충 (P. vulnus) 으로동정되었다 (Fig. 1). 진주시수곡면 10개포장에서검출된뿌리혹선충을 DNA 염기서열을기반으로 GTR+G를통한계통수분석과 DNA 염기서열을이용한 distance 분석을수행한결과, 분석에이용된뿌리혹선충의종내변이율은 0.7% 로나타났다. NCBI 에기등록되어있는 M. hapla 3개계통 (KF993633, AY757902, AY942850) 을포함한종내변이는 0.9% 로다소높았다. 근연종과의종간변이율분석결과 M. hapla (KF993633) 와는 0.9%, M. hapla (AY757902) 와는 2.5%, M. hapla (AY942850) 와는 0.9%, M. arenaria (AY635610) 와는 37.9%, M. incognita (KC287198) 와는 38.1% 의종간변이율을보였다. 이러한결과에따라진주시수곡면 10개포장에서검출된뿌리혹선충은모두당근뿌리혹선충 (M. hapla) 으로동정되었다 (Table 2, Fig. 2). 한편, 진주에서검출된당근뿌리혹선충은 NCBI 에기등록되어있는 KF 계통의당근뿌리혹선충과 AY 계통의당근뿌리혹선충이검출되었다. 이에따라, 진주딸기시설재배지에는동일한포장에두가지계통의당근뿌리혹선충이존재하는것으로생각된다 (Fig. 2). 연구결과에따라, 진주시수곡면딸기시설재배지에서뿌리썩이선충은사과뿌리썩이선충 (P. vulnus), 뿌리혹선충은당근뿌리혹선충 (M. hapla) 이우점하고있는것으로생각된다. 당근뿌리혹선충은고구마뿌리혹선충 (M. incognita) 이나땅콩뿌리혹선충 (M. arenaria) 보다영하 2 o C와같은비교적저온에서도생존율이강하기때문에촉성재배로인해주로겨울에재배되는딸기시설재배지의우점종으로나타난것으로생각된다 (Park, 1979). 사과뿌리썩이선충이우점하는현상도뿌리혹선충과마찬가지로최저생육온도와큰연관성이있을것으로판단되나추가적인연구가필요하다. 또한, 온도, 지역및서식환경등에따라우점종이달라질수있으므로진주이외의논산, 담양등딸기주산단지에대한종동정및우점종에대한추가적인분석이필요하다. 본연구결과를토대로진주지역에서식물기생선충이이미감염된딸기시설재배지는당근뿌리혹선충과사과뿌리석이선충이우점하고있다는점을염두에두고선충전용약제, 선충밀도감소용녹비작물이나윤작작물을선택하는등종합적방제대책을수립해야할것이다.

7 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 22 No 요약 국내딸기주산단지의시설재배지 170 개포장으로부터 토양시료를채취하여식물기생선충을조사한결과, 농업 적으로중요한뿌리썩이선충이 96 개포장 (56.5%), 뿌리혹선 충이 63 개포장 (37.1%) 에서검출되었다. 이중 44 개포장은 뿌리썩이선충과뿌리혹선충이복합감염된것으로나타났 다. 뿌리썩이선충과뿌리혹선충의도별발생은경남지역 이각각 68% 와 46%, 시 군별로는진주시가 81% 와 54% 로 가장높았다. 국내최대의딸기수출재배단지이자식물기 생선충의검출률이가장높았던진주시의뿌리썩이선충과 뿌리혹선충의종동정결과, 사과뿌리썩이선충 (P. vulnus), 당 근뿌리혹선충 (M. hapla) 이우점하고있는것으로나타났다. Conflicts of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Acknowledgement This research was supported by a grant (Project No ) from Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. References Barker, K. R., Carter, C. C. and Sasser, J. N An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Volume II: Methodology. Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. 223 pp. Brown, D. J. F., Dalmasso, A. and Trudgill, D. L Nematode pests of soft fruits and vines. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture, eds. by K. Evans, D. L. Trudgill and J. M. Webster, pp CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Cho, M. R., Lee, B. C., Kim, D. S., Jeon, H. Y., Yiem, M. S. and Lee, J. O Distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in fruit vegetable production areas in Korea and identification of root-knot nematodes by enzyme phenotypes. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 39: Cho, M. R., Lee, Y. G., Kim, J. S. and Yoo, D. L Occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes in major potato production areas and PCR identification of root-knot nematodes. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 45: Choi, Y. E Studies on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with strawberry. Res. Rev. Kyungpook Natl. Univ. 23: Choi, Y. E Economic Insects of Korea 20: Tylenchida, Aphelenchida (Nematoda). National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Suwon, Korea. 391 pp. Dickerson, O. J., Blake, J. H. and Lewis, S. A Nematode Guidelines for South Carolina. Clemson Extension, Clemson, SC, USA. 36 pp. Dropkin, V. H Introduction to Plant Nematology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. 293 pp. Edwards, W. H., Jones, R. K. and Schmitt, D. P Host suitability and parasitism of selected strawberry cultivars by Meloidogyne hapla and M. incognita. Plant Dis. 69: Eisenback, J. D., Hirschmann, H., Sasser, J. N. and Triantaphyllou, A. C A Guide to the Four Most Common Species of Root- Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), with a Pictorial Key. North Carolina State University and U.S. Agency for International Development, Raleigh, NC, USA. 111 pp. Esnard, J. and Zukerman, B. M Small fruits. In: Plant and Nematode Interactions, eds. by K. R. Barker, G. A. Pederson and G. L. Windham, pp American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA. Han, H. R., Cho, M. R., Jeon, H. Y., Lim, C. K. and Jang, H. I PCR-RFLP identification of three major Meloidogyne species in Korea. J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 7: Han, H., Lee, J. K., Choi, D. R., Han, M. J. and Park, B. Y Occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes in chrysanthemum and ITS and D3-28S rdna characterization of Pratylenchus spp. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 45: Handoo, Z. A. and Golden, A. M A key and diagnostic compendium to the species of the genus Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (lesion nematodes). J. Nematol. 21: Humphreys-Pereira, D. A., Flores-Chaves, L., Gomez, M., Salazar, L., Gomez-Alpizar, L. and Elling, A. A Meloidogyne lopezi n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a new root-knot nematode associated with coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Costa Rica, its diagnosis and phylogenetic relationship with other coffeeparasitising Meloidogyne species. Nematology 16: Hur, T. W Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Statistics Yearbook. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Seoul, Korea. 387 pp. Iwahori, H., Kanzaki, N. and Futai, K A simple, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphismaided diagnosis method for pine wilt disease. For. Pathol. 30: Kim, D. G Occurrence of root-knot nematodes on fruit vegetables under greenhouse conditions in Korea. Res. Plant Dis. 7: Lamondia, J. A Seasonal populations of Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne hapla in strawberry roots. J. Nematol. 34: Luca, F. D., Troccoli, A., Duncan, L. W., Subbotin, S. A., Waeyenberge, L., Coyne, D. L., Brentu, F. C. and Inserra, R. N Pratylenchus speijeri n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a new root-lesion nematode pest of plantain in West Africa. Nematology 14: Nunn, G. B Nematode molecular evolution. An investigation of evolutionary patterns among nematodes based upon

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Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No 를대상으로토양내식물기생선충감염현황을조사한결과에서도뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충이주요문제선충으로나타난바있다 (Choi, 1977; Ko 등, 2016). 이러한식물기생선충의종동정은형태적특징과각형태부위

Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No 를대상으로토양내식물기생선충감염현황을조사한결과에서도뿌리혹선충과뿌리썩이선충이주요문제선충으로나타난바있다 (Choi, 1977; Ko 등, 2016). 이러한식물기생선충의종동정은형태적특징과각형태부위 식물병연구 Research Article Open Access Res. Plant Dis. 23(2): 186-192 (2017) https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2017.23.2.186 딸기육묘장토양내식물기생선충의감염현황과자묘를통한선충의분산 Incidence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Strawberry Nursery