Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No (Han, 2009; Kim, 1998, 2016; Lee, 2011, 2013; Tran Kim, 2012)., Fusarium, Verticillium (Hwang, 2009). R. s

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1 식물병연구 Research Article Open Access Res. Plant Dis. 23(3): (2017) Resistance to Bacterial Wilt of Rootstock Varieties of Tomato and Graft Compatibility * *Corresponding author Tel: Fax: bskim@knu.ac.kr Young Ju Lee and Byung-Soo Kim* Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea Received March 20, 2017 Revised April 30, 2017 Accepted May 8, 2017 Six commercial rootstock varieties were tested for resistance to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) by dipping the roots of seedlings in the bacterial suspension at seedling stage. Shincheonggang and B-Blocking ranked top and second in resistance to bacterial wilt, respectively. For disease index of the grafted plants, Dotaerang grafted onto Shincheonggang was the least, followed by Ultra, Fighting, B-Blocking, Special, and Connection grafts. Thus, disease development on the grafted plants was correlated with resistance of rootstocks. The effect of rootstocks on horticultural characteristics including days to flower of scion was minimum or negligible. In correlation between horticultural characteristics of rootstocks and scions grafted thereon, statistically significant negative correlation was observed in days to flower and fruit height but no significant correlation was observed in yield per plant, fruit diameter and soluble solid content in the fruits. Thus, selection of resistant rootstock varieties that support the growth and yield of scion well is necessary for effective control of the disease and yield increase. Keywords: Disease resistance, Grafting, Solanum lycopersicum ,975 ha, 1,604 ha,, (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 2016) , Research in Plant Disease pissn , eissn (Rural Development Administration, 2014).,,, (Gallegly Walker, 1949),,,,,,, (Tahat Sijam, 2010). Ralstonia solanacearum,,. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No (Han, 2009; Kim, 1998, 2016; Lee, 2011, 2013; Tran Kim, 2012)., Fusarium, Verticillium (Hwang, 2009). R. solanacearum 5 (race), 5 (biovar), 1, 3 2, 3, 4 (Lee, 1999).,,, (Chung, 1997a, 1997b) (Barrett, 2012)., (Liu, 2009).. (Lee, 2013) (Chung Choi, 2002).,.,.. R. solanacearum. TTC (Peptone 10 g, Glucose 5 g, Agar 20 g/ 1 l, 1% tetrazolium stock solution 1 ml, Schaad, 2001) 28 o C 48. OD 600 nm cell/ml.. B,,,,, ( cm) No. 1 6., , 1= ; 2= 1/4 ; 3= 1/2 ; 4= 3/4 ; 5=.,,,.. B,,,,,, 3 25, ().., % 4, R. solanacearum (2 ) (1), cm, cm

3 230 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No. 3 (Rural Development Administration, 2014).,,,, PE 90 cm 30 cm, % Table 1. Resistance to bacterial wilt of commercial rootstocks varieties of tomato Rootstock Mean disease index* No. infected of six plants Vascular browning (cm) Shincheonggang 1.0 a 0.7 a 2.0 a B-Blocking 1.0 a 2.0 ab 10.2 b Fighting 1.7 b 3.3 bc 10.4 b Ultra 1.7 b 3.7 bc 11.2 b Special 2.1 bc 3.3 bc 14.9 b Connection 2.4 c 5.0 c 20.3 c Dotaerang (DTR) 5.0 d 6.0 c - *1=No disease; 2=trace to 25% foliage wilting; 3=about 50% foliage wilting; 4=about 75% foliage wilting; 5=whole plant wilting or dead 30 days after inoculation by dipping the roots of seedlings at 60 days post sowing in the bacterial suspension and transplanting to growing mix in flat trays. Mean separation within columns by Duncan s multiple range test at P Table 1., B,,,,, 5.0 (Fig. 1). Choi (2010), B, Han (2009) B, Fusarium oxysporum. Chung (1997a) (Fusarium wilt). B. Table 2.,.,, B, Table 2. Occurrence of bacterial wilt on Dotaerang (DTR) plants grafted on different rootstocks of tomato Graft combination (Scion/Rootstock) No. plants tested Freq. at disease index* Mean disease index DTR/Shincheonggang a DTR/Ultra a DTR/Special a DTR/Fighting a DTR/B-Blocking a DTR/Connection a DTR self-rooted b DTR/DTR (autograft) b *1=No disease; 2=trace to 25% foliage wilting; 3=about 50% foliage wilting; 4=about 75% foliage wilting; 5=whole plant wilting or dead, 30 days after transplanting the inoculated seedlings by dipping the roots in the bacterial suspension. Mean separation within columns by Duncan s multiple range test at P 0.05.

231 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No. 3 Fig. 1. Comparison of resistance to bacterial wilt of rootstocks and a commercial variety of tomato at seedling stage.

(A) DTR/Shincheonggang, (B) DTR/DTR (autograft). Table 3.

4 231 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No. 3 Fig. 1. Comparison of resistance to bacterial wilt of rootstocks and a commercial variety of tomato at seedling stage. (A) Resistant (Shincheonggang), (B) Susceptible (Dotaerang). Fig. 2. Occurrence of bacterial wilt on Dotaerang (DTR) plants grafted onto different rootstocks of tomato and grown in the greenhouse. (A) DTR/Shincheonggang, (B) DTR/DTR (autograft). Table 3. Effect of rootstocks on horticultural characteristics of scion variety, Dotaerang (DTR) Graft combination (Scion/Rootstock) Days to flowering Fruit yield per plant (g) DTR/Shincheonggang 67.7 b 5,926 a DTR/Ultra 69.4 b 6,341 a DTR/Special 67.7 b 6,325 a DTR/Fighting 67.0 b 5,861 a DTR/B-Blocking 66.4 b* 6,391 a DTR/Connection 70.3 b 6,213 a DTR/DTR autografted 53.9 a 5,984 a DTR self-rooted 64.2 b 5,889 a *Mean separation within columns by Duncan s multiple range test at P Fruit dia ab 78.9 a 78.2 ab 76.8 ab 78.1 ab 77.3 ab 76.9 ab 73.9 b Fruit length 64.4 a 64.6 a 63.7 a 64.4 a 64.9 a 63.9 a 63.6 a 62.3 a Soluble solids (Brix) 6.6 a 6.4 a 6.2 ab 6.3 ab 6.4 a 5.9 b 6.4 a 6.3 ab 으로 발병이 적었다. 도태랑 자근묘와 도태랑 자가접목묘 목의 도관을 통과하여 접수에 병을 일으키는 경우가 많아서 나 (autograft)는 모두 말라 죽어 접목묘와 대비되었다(Fig. 2). 그 타난 결과이며, 이러한 경우는 대목의 저항성 수준이 낮을수 러나 통계적으로 보면 도태랑 에 도태랑 을 접목한 묘와 자근 록 많이 나타나고 있다. 따라서 풋마름병을 방제하기 위한 대목 묘가 모두 말라 죽은 것 외에는 발병도에 유의한 차이가 인정되 으로서는 풋마름병 저항성의 수준이 높고, 시들음병(Fusarium 지 않았다. 이는 저항성 대목에 접목한 식물들도 병원균이 대 wilt) 등 다른 토양전염성 병에 대한 저항성과 아울러 접수의 수

5 232 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No. 3 Table 4. Horticultural characteristics of rootstock varieties Rootstock Days to flower Yield per plant (g) Fruit dia. Fruit length Soluble solids (Brix) Shincheonggang 61.1 bc 85.9 e 38.8 e 34.9 d 5.1 c B-Blocking 61.9 bc* 97.0 e 40.2 dez 36.4 d 6.5 a Fighting 58.5 bc d 44.1 cd 40.8 c 6.0 ab Ultra 57.7 ab c 43.3 cde 37.9 cd 6.0 ab Special 60.8 bc b 67.6 b 58.1 b 5.7 b Connection 53.8 a c 46.4 c 40.7 c 5.5 bc Dotaerang 62.1 c a 75.1 a 63.0 a 6.1 ab *Mean separation within columns by Duncan s multiple range test at P Table 3.,. B,,,..,,, B,,.,,, (Djidonou, 2016; Gioia, 2013; Guan, 2015; Kumar, 2015; Turhan, 2011). Table 4.,.,.. B. (Table 5) 5, Table 5. Correlation between horticultural characteristics of rootstocks and Dotaerang - grafted plants Character Days to flowering Yield per plant Fruit diameter...,,. 6 B-. 6.,,, B,,. Correlation coefficient (r) -0.83* z -0.17ns -0.42ns Fruit length -0.89** Soluble solids 0.02ns *, **Significant at P 0.05, and at P 0.01, respectively.

6 Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No ,.,... Conflicts of Interest No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. Acknowledgement This research was supported by a grant ( ) from the Vegetable Breeding Research Center through Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Research Center Support Program, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, and by a grant from the Regional Subgenebank Program, Rural Development Administration. References Barrett, C. E., Zhao, X. and McSorley, R Grafting for root-knot nematode control and yield improvement in organic heirloom tomato production. HortScience 47: Choi, M. H Resistance to bacterial wilt of rootstock varieties of tomato and the influence on the growth and yield of the grafted plants. Master s degree thesis. Kyungpook National University, Korea. Chung, H. D. and Choi, Y. J Growth responses on varying soil EC and selection of salt-tolerant rootstock of tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). J. Korean Soc. Hortic. Sci. 43: Chung, H. D., Yoon, S. J. and Choi, Y. J. 1997a. Effects of rootstock on seedling quality, growth and prevention of root rot Fusarium wilt (race J 3 ) in different tomato cultivars. J. Korean Soc. Hortic. Sci. 38: Chung, H. D., Yoon, S. J. and Choi, Y. J. 1997b. Effects of rootstock on yield, quality and components of tomato fruits. J. Korean Soc. Hortic. Sci. 38: Djidonou, D., Simmone, A. H., Koch, K. E., Brecht, J. K. and Zhao, X Nutritional quality of field-grown tomato fruit as affected by grafting with interspecific hybrid rootstocks. HortScience 51: Gallegly, M. E. and Walker, J. C Relation of environmental factors to bacterial wilt of tomato. Phytopathology 39: Han, Y. K., Min, J. S., Park, J. H., Han, K. S., Kim, D. H., Lee, J. S. and Kim, H. H Screening of tomato cultivars resistant to bacterial wilts. Res. Plant Dis. 15: (In Korean) Hwang, T. H Taxonomic characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from pepper plant in Korea. Master s degree thesis. Hankyong National University, Korea. Kim, B.-S., Cheung, J.-D., Cha, Y.-S. and Hwang, H.-S Resistance to bacterial wilt of introduced peppers. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 14: Kim, S. G., Hur, O.-S., Ro, N.-Y., Ko, H.-C., Rhee, J.-H., Sung, J. S., Ryu, K.-Y., Lee, S.-Y. and Baek, H.-J Evaluation of resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato genetic resources at seedling stage. Plant Pathol. J. 32: Lee, H. J., Jo, E. J., Kim, N. H., Chae, Y. and Lee, S. W Disease responses of tomato pure lines against Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Korea and susceptibility at high temperature. Res. Plant Dis. 17: (In Korean) Lee, M. H., Kim, J. K., Lee, H. K., Kim, K. J., Yu, S. H., Kim, Y. S. and Lee, Y. S Reduction of bacterial wilt diseases with eggplant rootstock EG203-grafted tomatoes in the field trials. Res. Plant Dis. 19: (In Korean) Lee, S. D Occurrence and characterization of major plant bacterial diseases in Korea. Ph. D. dissertation. Seoul National University, Korea. Liu, N., Zhou, B., Zhao, X., Lu, B., Li, Y. and Hao, J Grafting eggplant onto tomato rootstock to suppress Verticillium dahliae infection: the effect of root exudates. HortScience 44: Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Statistics Yearbook URL go.kr/ Rural Development Administration A Guide to Agricultural Technology 106, Tomato. Rural Development Administration, Korea. Schaad, N. W., Jones, J. B. and Chun, W Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA. Tahat, M. M. and Sijam, K Ralstonia solanacearum: the bacterial wilt causal agent. Asian J. Pl. Sci. 9: Tran, N. H. and Kim, B. S Sources of resistance to bacterial wilt found in Vietnam collections of pepper (Capsicum annuum) and their nuclear fertility restorer genotypes for cytoplasmic male sterility. Plant Pathol. J. 28: Turhan, A., Ozmen, N., Serbeci, M. S. and Seniz, V Effects of grafting on different rootstocks on tomato fruit yield and quality. Hort. Sci. (Prague) 38:

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