Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 33, No. 4, , 서론. (Heo, 2013). (Park et al., 2

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1 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography Vol. 33, No. 4, , ISSN (Print) ISSN X(Online) Original article 격자망분석을통한범죄발생취약지역추출기법 Methodology of Extraction of Crime Vulnerable Areas Through Grid-based Analysis 박진이 1) 김의명 2) Park, Jin Yi Kim, Eui Myoung Abstract The urban crimes that threat individual's safety are parts of the serious social problems. However. the information of crime in Korea has only been provided by forms of hot spots around place of crime, or forms of crime statistics without positional information. Those could not provide enough information to users in identifying the vulnerable areas for substantive crimes. Therefore, this study suggested a methodology of extraction in criminal vulnerable areas by using the spatial information, the statistical information and the public sector information. The crime vulnerable areas were extracted through the grid-based spatial analysis and the overlapping analysis from each of the information. In fact, the extracted areas were able to provide detailed vulnerability information than the traditional hot spot-based crime information. Following the study, the extracted results in crime vulnerable areas have displayed highly coincide with Korea safety map, provided by national disaster management institute, which regards to be able to provide crime risk rating in terms of administrative business in future. Keywords : Spatial Information, Statistical Information, Public Sector Information, Grid-based Analysis, Spatial Statistical Analysis, Hot Spot, Crime Vulnerable Areas, Korea Safety Map 초록...,,.... :,,,,,,, Received , Revised , Accepted ) Member, Department of GIS Engineering, Namseoul University ( jin-e159@nate.com) 2) Corresponding Author, Member, Department of GIS Engineering, Namseoul University ( kemyoung@nsu.ac.kr) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 221

2 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 33, No. 4, , 서론. (Heo, 2013). (Park et al., 2014) (Kim and Park, 2009). CCTV (Do and Pyo, 2010). (Kim et al., 2012) (Jeong, 2010). (Oh, 2011) (Lee, 2014)...,. Lee(2014),,, CCTV. 2. 방법론 Fig /5, , CCTV CCTV. ESRI ArcMap 10.1,. (hot spot),,. Fig. 1. Study flow Table 1. Class of crime vulnerable areas Category Class Safety areas 1 Anxiety areas 2 Attention areas 3 Warning areas 4 Dangerous areas 5, 3, 5 222

(Oh, 2011) (Lee, 2014)...,. Lee(2014),,, CCTV. 2. 방법론 Fig. 1 3. 1 1/5,000. 2. 3, CCTV CCTV. ESRI ArcMap 10.1,. (hot spot),,. Fig. 1. Study flow Table 1.

3 Methodology of Extraction of Crime Vulnerable Areas Through Grid-based Analysis 5 (Korea Forest Service, 2015) Table 1,,,, 공간정보를이용한범죄발생취약지역추출 1 Fig. 2,,,. 1) Kim(2014). Kim (2014),., 1. 2) 19 4, (MLIT, 2012a; MLIT, 2012b). Ku(2012) 6.4m 6.4m (kernel density). 3),,,,, Table 2 1, 4 4. Table 2. Class of building types for hot spot analysis Types of building Class Building but house 1 Apartment 2 General house, Townhouse 3 Non-walled building, Temporary building 4 ArcMap (model builder). Fig. 2. Flow of first stage 2.2 통계정보를이용한범죄발생취약지역추출 2 223

4 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 33, No. 4, , 2015 Fig. 3,. 1) (MLIT, 2015) (point). Fig. 4. Flow of third stage CCTV CCTV CCTV. CCTV 150m 150m (buffer) CCTV (Park et al., 2012). Fig. 3. Flow of second stage 2),, (raster calculator). 2.3 공공정보를이용한범죄발생취약지역추출 3 CCTV Fig. 4 CCTV. 2.4 각단계별격자망통계분석및중첩분석 (zonal statistics). 5 Table , 1 (Lee, 2014). Table 3. Weights for crime vulnerable area Value Weight Result of first step Road-center line layer 0.35 Building layer 0.15 Result of second step Income data 0.1 Population data 0.1 Result of third step CCTV 0.3 total 1 224

5 Table 3. 1 3 2, 1 (Lee, 2014). Table 3. Weights for crime vulnerable area Value Weight Result of first step Road-center line layer 0.35 Building layer 0.

5 Methodology of Extraction of Crime Vulnerable Areas Through Grid-based Analysis 3. 실험 3.1 실험대상지역선정. (Lee and Cho, 2006). 2 A B. 3.2 범죄발생취약지역추출 1),,. Fig. 5.,,,, (Kim, 2014). Fig. 6. Density analysis by usage of building A, B Fig. 7,. Fig. 7. Hot spot analysis by type of building,, Fig. 8. Fig. 5. Extraction of dangerous road A, B. A B 6.4m. Fig. 6. Fig. 8. Result of step 1 225

Density analysis by usage of building A, B Fig. 7,. Fig. 7. Hot spot analysis by type of building,, Fig.

6 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 33, No. 4, , ),. Fig. 9,. Fig. 10. Density analysis by population Fig. 9. Density analysis by income (Statistics Korea, 2015),,. A, B Table 4. A, B. Table 4. Population information Study area Study area A Study area B Population Fig. 11. Result of step 2 3) A, B 150m CCTV CCTV Fig. 12. Women 26,620 (48%) 5,539 (47%) Children 7,405 (13%) 1,086 (9.4%) Senior citizen 3,828 (69%) 1,659 (14.3%) Table 4 Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Result of step 3 226

A, B. Table 4. Population information Study area Study area A Study area B Population Fig. 11.

7 Methodology of Extraction of Crime Vulnerable Areas Through Grid-based Analysis 4) 1, 2, 3 Fig. 13. Table 3 (raster calculator) (sum) Table 5, (equal interval) 5. Category Table 5. Classified crime vulnerable area Study area Study area A(%) Study area B(%) Safety areas Anxiety areas Attention areas Warning areas Dangerous areas Total 실험결과와의비교분석 (MPSS, 2015).., ArcMap Fig. 14 (minus). A %, %, %, %, %. B %, %, %, %, %, A. Fig. 14. Process of verification analysis Eq. (1). Eq. (1) 4 5, Eq. (1). Fig. 15 ( ), 80.74%, 73.05%. (1) Fig. 13. Final crime vulnerable areas A, B,,. 227

42 Dangerous areas 1.07 2.32 Total 100 100 3.3 실험결과와의비교분석 (MPSS, 2015).., ArcMap 10.1. Fig. 14 (minus). A 1 12.66%, 2 50.36%, 3 26.94%, 4 8.97%, 5 1.07%. B 1 15.67%, 2 31.92%, 3 38.

8 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 33, No. 4, , 결론,.,, %..,.,,,,. References Fig. 15. Result of verification analysis,,. 4,.,,,., CCTV CCTV. Do, I. and Pyo, C. (2010), The developmental research for a model of CCTV system for city crime prevention with CPTED principle and GIS application, Korea CPTED Association, Vol. 1, No.1, pp (in Korean) Heo, S. (2013), A Study on Making Safe City Based on Spatial Analysis of Crime Occurrence and Fear of Crime, Ph. D. Dissertation, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea, 129p. (in Korean with English abstract) Jeong, K. (2010), The Spatio-temporal Patterns of Urban Crime and Its Influencing Factors Using Integrated Model of Spatial Crime Analysis, Ph. D. Dissertation, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea, 393p. (in Korean with English abstract) Kim, D. and Park, K. (2009), A probability modeling of the 228

(in Korean) Heo, S. (2013), A Study on Making Safe City Based on Spatial Analysis of Crime Occurrence and Fear of Crime, Ph. D. Dissertation, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea, 129p.

9 Methodology of Extraction of Crime Vulnerable Areas Through Grid-based Analysis crime occurrence and risk probability map generation based on the urban spatial information, The Korea Society of Computer and Information, pp (in Korean with English abstract) Kim, E. (2014), Methodology of identifying crime vulnerable road and intersection using digital map version 2.0, Journal of The Korean Society for Geospatial Information System, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp (in Korean with English abstract) Kim, G., Kang, H., and Lee, J. (2012), A Study on Safe City Management Strategy Based on Spatial and Temporal Simulation Analyses of Crime, Publication No , Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, pp (in Korean) Korea Forest Service (2015), (last date accessed: 3 March 2015). Ku, J. (2012), The Effect of the Urban Environmental Characteristics on the Fear of Crime, Master s thesis, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea, 83p. (in Korean with English abstract) Lee, H. (2014), Analysis of the Effects of Streetscape in Urban Underdevelopment Region on the Female s Fear of Sexual Crimes, Master s thesis, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, 146p. (in Korean with English abstract) Lee, S. and Cho, J. (2006), The effects of spatial and environmental factors on crime victimization, The Seoul Institute, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp (in Korean with English abstract) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport(MLIT) (2012a), Infrastructure and transport, Building Act, Article 19 (4). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport(MLIT) (2012b), Infrastructure and transport, Building Act, Enforcement Decree, Article 14 (5). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport(MLIT) (2015), National Spatial Information Clearinghouse, (last date accessed: 22 July 2015). Ministry of Public Safety and Security(MPSS) (2015), Korea Safety Map, (last date accessed: 22 July 2015). Oh, M. (2011), A Study on the Characteristics of Urban Environment Influencing Crimes, Master s thesis, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea, 67p. (in Korean with English abstract) Park, J., Choi, I., Kim, J., Kim, D., Jang, J., Park, H., Son, W., and Sin, Y. (2014), The development of crime risk assessment tool and its application in South Korea( ), Korean Institute of Criminology. (in Korean with English abstract) Park, Y., Lee, J., and Cho, M. (2012), Development of the Medium and Long-term Road Map for Smart Disaster Management Based on Intelligent CCTV, Report No. NDMI-ER , National Disaster Management Institute, pp (in Korean) Statistics Korea (2015), (last date accessed: 19 July 2015). 229

0, Journal of The Korean Society for Geospatial Information System, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 135-142. (in Korean with English abstract) Kim, G., Kang, H., and Lee, J.

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특 한국도시행정학회 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 2012. 12 : pp.231~251 생활지향형 요소의 근린주거공간 분포특성 연구: 경기도 시 군을 중심으로* Spatial Distribution of Daily Life-Oriented Features in the Neighborhood: Focused on Municipalities of Gyeonggi Province