),,,, ( 52). (Shri Purohit Swami) (Blavatsky) (The Secret Doctrine). 3). 2) ( 44). (45) ,..,,..,,,......,,.(46-48) 3)...,.,.

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1 ( ) ( ) I. (W. B. Yeats) ( ) ( ). ( Supernatural Songs )..,, (persona) (Ribh) (Baile) (Aillinn) (intercourse) (Tantra) 1). (shiva) (shakti). 1) (tantra) (tatri) (tantri), tan ( 52)..,. tan,..

2 ),,,, ( 52). (Shri Purohit Swami) (Blavatsky) (The Secret Doctrine). 3). 2) ( 44). (45) ,..,,..,,,......,,.(46-48) 3)...,.,.

3 33 (EI 484). (Nirvana).. (Naresh Guha) (it would be impossible to explain the affirmative character of the major portion of the ancient sculpture in India)(121). (nothingness), (The Mandukya Upanisad)...,. ( ),.,.,. The Tantric philosophy, where a man and woman, when in sexual union, transfigure each other's images into the masculine and feminine characters of God, but the man must not finish, vitality must not pass beyond his body, beyond his being. There are married people who, though they do not forbid the passage of the seed, practise, not necessarily at the moment of union, a meditation, wherein the man seeks the divine Self as present in his wife, the wife the divine Self as present in the man. There may be trance, and the presence of one with another though a great distance separates. (EI 484) (an alliance between body and soul)(451)

4 34.. ( Supernatural Songs ). II.,,,. (aum) (Mantra)..,..,.. (Purusa) (Prakrti).. ( ) ( 56).,

5 (Nigama) (Agama)., (Parpati)......, (Brahman))

6 ,.,,.. (Logos), (Eros) III. ( Supernatural Songs ),

7 37.,,. ( Supernatural Songs ) (associated early Christian Ireland with India)(VP 837) (Shri Purohit Swami).. (W. H. Auden) 1930 (the mumbo-jumbo of magic and the nonsense of India)(59).., ( Supernatural Songs ) (The Holy Mountain) (The Mandukya Upanishad)., ( Ribh at the Tomb of Baile and Ailinn ). 90,.., 90. Because you have found me in the pitch-dark night With open book you ask me what I do. Mark and digest my tale, carry it afar To those that never saw this tonsured head Nor heard this voice that ninety years have cracked. (CP 283-4)

8 38,, (water, herb and solitary prayer) you. (the sexual intercourse of the angels)(l 805). (Olivia Shakespear) ( Supernatural Songs ) 1 (Emanuel Swedenborg). (somewhere describes two spirits meeting, and as they touch they become a single conflagration)(807) ( Baile and Ailinn ) (The anniversary of their first embrace)(cp 284).. (sexuality) (conflagration).,,, when such bodies join There is no touching here, nor touching there, Nor straining joy, but whole is joined to whole; For the intercourse of angels is a light Where for its moment both seem lost, consumed. (CP 284) (somewhat broken by the leaves)(284).

9 39.. (seems from far off an incandescence) (the whole body)(ellmann 282). (Strange that I should write these things in my old age)(l 824).,... (the sexual intercourse of the angels)(805).,,,., ( Ribh denounces Patrick ). 1. (Patrick).,,. (Hermes)....,, ( ),. An abstract Greek absurdity has crazed the man, Recall that masculine Trinity. Man, woman, child (a daughter or a son), That's how all natural or supernatural stories run. (CP 284)

10 40 2,.,..,....,. (The point of the poem is that we beget and bear because of the incompleteness of our love)(l 824)...., ( Ribh in Ecstasy ). (amorous cries) (ecstasy)(cp 285). --, (Georg Wilhelm Hegel) (Heaven is an improvement of sense--one listens to music, one does not read Hegel's logic)(l 781)...., (all increase their kind) (the mirror-scaled serpent)(cp 285).. (the common round of day)

11 My soul had found All happiness in its own cause or ground. Godhead on Godhead in sexual spasm begot Godhead. Some shadow fell. My soul forgot Those amorous cries that out of quiet come. (285)....., ( There ) (the barrel-hoops), (the serpent-tails are bit), (gyres), (planets)(285). (sphere).,,.., ( Ribh Considers Christian Love Insufficient ).

12 42?.,,. Why should I seek for love or study it? It is of God and passes human wit. I study hatred with great diligence, For that's a passion in my own control, A sort of besom that can clear the soul Of everything that is not mind or sense. (CP 286).... (a darker knowledge)(286)....,. / (Thought is a garment and the soul s a bride/ That cannot in that trash and tinsel hide)(286). (At stroke of midnight)(286) ( Ribh in Ecstasy ),. ( Ribh Considers Christian Love Insufficient )..

13 43, ( He and She ).,. / (His light had struck me blind/ Dared I stop)(287)...,... She sings as the moon sings: 'I am I, am I; The greater grows my light The further that I fly.' All creation shivers With that sweet cry. (CP 287) (a slight but bitterly charming lyric, on woman's fickleness and power of self-assertion)(414) (Harold Bloom). (all creation), (sweet cry)(287),... (A Vision) 15. (scared moon)(286). (sweet cry) (shiver)(287).

14 44..,? ( What Magic Drum? ). (Richard Ellmann),, (supernatural sanction)(283). 1 (gender).,,.. He holds him from desire, all but stops his breathing lest primordial Motherhood forsake his limbs, the child no longer rest, Drinking joy as it were milk upon his breast. (CP 287).,, (Cullingford 256). (Hazard Adams) (256).,. ( Ribh at the Tomb of Baile and Ailinn ),? ( What Magic Drum? ). (Mount Kailas). (Lord Dattatreya) (Divine Mother) (lifted me up like the Divine Mother and hugged me to His breast and caressed me all over the body)(ei 479).,,

15 45.?.?? Through light-obliterating garden foliage what magic drum? Down limb and breast or down that glimmering belly move his mouth and sinewy tongue. What from the forest came? What beast has licked its young? (CP 287),? ( Whence had they Come? ) (Eternity is passion) (Dramatis Personae), (A passion-driven exultant man) (Sentences that he has never thought). (frigid Rome)(287). (Charlemagne).. (sacred drama) (When world-transforming Charlemagne was conceived)(287)., 4 ( The Four Ages of Man )... Now his wars on God begin; At stroke of midnight God shall win. (CP 288)

16 46, ( Ribh Considers Christian Love Insufficient ).., 4 ( ), 1 8, 9 15, 16 22, (A Vision) (against the intellect), (against the Soul)(L 85) , ( Conjunctions ).,,,,,., ( A Needle s Eye ). (A Vision) ( A Needle s Eye )., (Mount Meru) ( Meru ) ( Supernatural Songs ). 7 (The one named Meru, after the sacred mountain from whence the seven Holy Rishis, in ages past, are supposed to have descended to bring India its highly spiritual civilization)(moore 358), (maya) (manifold illusion) (Civilisation is hooped together)(cp 289).

17 47,,,,.. And he, despite his terror, cannot cease Ravening through century after century, Ravening, raging, and uprooting that he may come Into the desolation of reality. (289) (manifold illusion),. (personal life)(ei 509)., ( Meru ). (man s life is thought)(cp 289),,,, (289).,,,., (dawn).,,,! (Egypt and Greece good-bye, and good-bye, Rome!)(289) (caverned in night), (That day brings round the night, that before dawn/ His glory and his monuments are gone) (289).

18 48 IV.,. ( Supernatural Songs )., (John Donne), (George Herbert), (Gerard Manley Hopkins).,.,,. (Balachandra Rajan) (the sexuality of spirit rather than the spirituality of sex)(153).,. 4),., 4) , 8, 2.,, B. C B. C. 300., B. C. 400 B. C. 300 ( ). (Chandogya), (Brhadaranyaka), (Kena), (Isa). (Mundaka), (Kathaka), (Svetasvatara), (Maitriyana), (Prana), (Mandukya)., (204).

19 49.,..,,...,,. ( ). ( Supernatural Songs ) (,, )..,,.,,.. ( Supernatural Songs ),,.

20 50,. Auden, W. H. Prosecution and Defence. Yeats: Poems : A casebook. Ed. Elizabeth Cullingford. London: Macmillan, Bloom, Harold. Yeats. Oxford: Oxford UP, Cullingford, Elizabeth. Gender and History in Yeats's Love Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, Ellmann, Richard. The Identity of Yeats. New York: Oxford UP, Guha, Naresh. W. B. Yeats: An Indian Approach. Calcutta: Jadavpur, Rajan, Balachandra. W. B. Yeats: A Critical Introduction. London: Hutchinson, Yeats, W. B. A Vision. New York: Macmillan, Essays and Introductions. New York: Macmillan, The Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats. New York: Macmillan, The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats: A New Edition. Ed. Richard J. Finneran. New York: Macmillan, The Variorum Edition of the Poems. Ed. Russell K, Alspach. London and New York: Macmillan, ( ),, ( ).. :, ( ),.. :, :, ( ),. I. :, 1996.

21 51 The Supernatural Ecstasy in the Supernatural Songs Abstract Ko, Joon Seog/Chung, Ho Young This paper is to discuss the supernatural ecstasy in the Supernatural Songs. When focusing his poetry on the physical, Yeats turned his attention more and more toward the East. While seizing upon an increasingly physical and sexual emphasis, Yeats's secular spiritualism moved in an Eastern, monistic direction. As far as he was concerned, sexual spirituality was much more compatible with indian spirituality. To embody these instincts and passions, he posited a mythical character by the name of Ribh as the cental character of the Supernatural Songs. He tried to display a transcendental ecstasy. He associated early Christian Ireland with India. He described the fictional character of Ribh as an early Christian hermit, who is ninety years old. In the East, Yeats found a propensity toward unity of being that would underscore the essential unity of flesh and spirit so necessary to his thought. The Supernatural Songs thus brought together an Eastern amalgamation of Christianity and Asian religiosity, merging the supernatural-spiritual with the natural-physical. Yeats espoused tantric sex, a form of Kundalini, with its emphasis on self and the sexual act as the way to spiritual energy and fulfillment. The word Kundalini means coil, which Yeats reflects in the serpent imagery. In conclusion, Yeats found an imaginative way whereby he was able to fuse the spiritual with the physical in the Supernatural Songs. This secular spirituality allowed Yeats the sexual freedom he sought for. The intense moment of climax is that conflagration in which all antinomies are resolved, time stands still, and natural bonds with supernatural. His emphasis on unity of being is compatible with an Eastern worldview, which merges all into a monistic unity. Indeed, poetry itself is in Yeats's mind an imaginative alchemy, the transmutation of life into art, a fusing of the spiritual with the material.

22 52 주제어 (Key Words) (W. B. Yeats), (persona), (Tantra), (intercourse), (Baile), (Aillinn), (shiva), (shakti), (Nirvana), (conflagration), (sexuality)

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