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1 대한한방내과학회지제 37 권 4 호 (2016 년 9 월 ) J. Int. Korean Med. 2016;37(4): 뇌졸중환자에서한양방협진과양방단독재활치료의기능회복비교 김민수 1, 윤종민 2 1 원광대학병원재활의학과, 2 원광대학교한의과대학내과학교실 Comparison of the Functional Recovery of Stroke Patients Treated with Eastern-Western Integrative Medical Care and Western Single Rehabilitation Therapy Min-su Kim 1, Jong-min Yun 2 1 Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Won-Kwang University 2 Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare the effects of Eastern-Western integrative medical care (EWIM) and Western single rehabilitation therapy (WSRT) on the functional recovery of stroke patients. Methods: Seventy-six stroke patients were recruited retrospectively. The participants were divided into two groups: EWIM and WSRT. Data on age, sex, stroke-related risk factors, stroke type, neurological deficits according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), elapsed time to the initiation of rehabilitation, duration from the onset to follow up, initial functional status, and function after therapy for 3 mon were obtained from a review of the patients medical records. Between-group differences in functional outcomes were analyzed before and after treatment using the functional ambulation category (FAC), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), modified Barthel Index-Korean version (K-MBI), and Euro-Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D). Results: At 3-mon poststroke, all the functional outcome measures had improved in both groups (P<0.05). However, the improvements were greater in the EWIM group, and the improvement was statistically significant in the K-MBI (P=0.048) and EQ-5D (P=0.042). Conclusions: With respect to activities of daily living and health-related quality of life, EWIM is a more effective stroke therapy than WSRT. Key words: stroke, East Asian traditional medicine, integrative medicine, recovery of function Ⅰ. 서론 뇌졸중은우리나라에서매해 105,000명이발생하고있으며, 고령화사회가빠르게진행되면서발생 투고일 : , 심사일 : , 게재확정일 : 교신저자 : 윤종민전라북도익산시익산대로 460 원광대학교한의과대학내과학교실 TEL: FAX: hwata@wku.ac.kr 율은증가하는추세이다 1. 뇌졸중으로인한사망률은위험요인을조절하고급성기뇌졸중치료가발전하면서감소하는추세지만, 반대로후유증으로인한장애는증가하고있다 2. 뇌졸중은운동기능, 보행, 인지기능등필수적인일상생활동작을수행하는데심각한장해를남겨환자본인뿐만이아니라가족, 사회에까지큰영향을준다. 이러한장해를최소화하기위하여기능회복이많이이루어지는아급성기단계에서적극적으로합병증을막고재활 645
2 뇌졸중환자에서한양방협진과양방단독재활치료의기능회복비교 치료가이루어지는것이중요하다고알려져있다 3. 우리나라환자들은일반적으로대학병원신경과, 신경외과에서급성뇌졸중치료를종결후재활의학과에서 1달이내의짧은집중재활치료를받고퇴원한다. 그러나많은환자들은대학병원퇴원후어떠한뇌졸중치료를받아야할지에대해정보가적으며, 다른대학병원, 요양병원, 한방병원, 한방재활병원, 재활병원, 요양원, 자가운동등다양한의료기관이용행태를보인다. 이중많은환자가양방병원과한방병원으로전원하여지속적으로치료를받는경우가많은데, 각각의장단점이있기때문에다함께치료를원하는환자들이많다. 우리나라에서전체인구의약 2/3 이상이한방치료를받은적이있으며, 한방치료에대해신뢰가높다 4,5. 특히뇌졸중과같이장해가심각하면서회복에많은시간이소요되는만성질병의경우그수요가클수있다. 한양방협진이란환자의건강을위한필요에의하여한방과양방을모두사용하여진단및치료를통합하는것이며, 각치료방법의장점을결합할수있어이러한진료형태는뇌졸중환자들에게주목을받고있다 6. 그럼에도불구하고적극적인한양방협진을통한뇌졸중재활이양방단독치료에비해기능회복어떠한영향을미치는지보고한국내연구는거의없는실정이다. 최근뇌질환재활통합등록체계자료를이용하여뇌졸중환자의치료효과를비교분석한연구에서한양방협진치료를받은군이그렇지않은군에비하여퇴원후일상생활동작을좀더잘수행한다고보고하였다 7. 또한다른연구에서는한양방협진을받은환자들이뇌졸중재활치료의만족도가더높았다고보고한바있다 6. 그러나상기연구는한양방협진치료기간이비교적짧으며, 기능회복에대한영향을파악하기에는한계가있다. 따라서본연구에서는단일기관에서 3개월이상한양방협진재활치료를받은뇌졸중환자와양방단독으로재활치료를받은환자들을비교하여 뇌졸중후기능회복에대한한양방협진이갖는효과를분석하고자하였다. Ⅱ. 연구대상및방법 1. 연구대상한양방협진이원활하게이루어지고있는한지역의대학병원에서 computed tomography(ct), magnetic resonance imaging(mri) 를이용하여뇌졸중으로진단받고재활의학과로전입된환자를대상으로하였다. 대상자들은재활의학과에서 3개월간연구수행기관에서한양방협진재활치료를받은군과양방단독재활치료를받은군으로나누어의무기록을통해후향적으로조사하였다. 한양방협진재활치료를받은군은단일대학병원과한방대학병원에서입원재활치료를받았으며, 양방단독재활치료를받은군은단일대학병원에서입원재활치료를받았다. 대상자중뇌졸중의재발, 심각한신경계및내과계질환, 감염질병등으로인하여적절하게재활치료및한방치료를받을수없는환자들은제외하였다. 의무기록을통하여나이, 성별, 뇌졸중의종류, 뇌졸중위험인자, 발병당시신경학적손상정도를반영하는 national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS), 발병후재활치료시기까지의기간, 한양방및양방단독치료후추적기능평가시기까지의기간, 초기기능수준, 한양방협진및양방단독 3개월치료후기능수준을조사하였다. 2. 한양방협진프로세스한양방협진은전체 3개월간입원기간중초기반은양방재활의학과전문의가주치의가되었으며후기반은한방전문의가주치의가되어치료를분담하는형태로진행되었다. 한방치료는침치료, 한약치료, 뜸치료, 부항치료를시행하였다. 침치료는 1일 1회자침하였고, 유침시간은 20분으로하였다. 경혈은百會 (GV20), 曲池 (LI11), 外關 (TE5), 646
3 김민수 윤종민 合谷 (LI4), 陽陵泉 (GB34), 陰陵泉 (SP9), 足三里 (ST36), 懸鍾 (GB39), 三陰交 (SP6), 太衝 (LR3) 을기본적으로사용하였다. 한약치료는중풍변증에따라처방하고 1일 2첩을투약하였다. 뜸치료는간접구를사용하여 1일 1회中脘 (CV12) 에시술하였다. 부항치료는背部에건식부항을 1일 1회시행하였고, 환자가호소하는증상에따라필요시습식부항을시행하였다. 한양방협진군과양방단독치료를받는군의재활치료는기본적으로운동치료, 작업치료는모두포함하여수행되었으며, 뇌졸중후기능장애상태에따라기능적전기자극, 연하치료, 언어치료등이환자상태에따라치료가진행되었다. 한방이주치의인경우재활의학과전문의는최소주 2회이상주치의와함께뇌졸중환자를문진및진찰하였으며, 주 1회한방전문의, 재활의학과전문의, 물리치료사, 작업치료사등을포함하여환자의재활치료를직접담당하는의료진이모여팀회의를통해환자의치료및경과에대해논의하였다. 마찬가지로양방주치의인경우한방전문의는동일하게치료에참여하였다. 한방입원재활치료중뇌졸중예방을위한양약과고혈압, 당뇨등의뇌졸중위험인자를조절하기위한약물은모두양방에서처방하였고, 양방입원재활치료중양방에서효과적이지못하거나해결할수없는합병증에대해서한방전문의는적극적으로자문및치료를수행하였으며한방재활치료도자문의의거하여시행하였다. 3. 결과지표대상자들은재활의학과로전과하여뇌졸중재활치료를시작한시점과시작후 3개월이지난시점에서보행, 운동, 일상생활동작, 건강관련삶의질을조사하였다. 3개월간의치료후기능지표와건강관련삶의질의변화를이용하여한양방협진과양방단독치료의효과를비교분석하고자하였다. 보행기능은 functional ambulation category(fac) 를이용하였으며 1점의전혀걷지못함부터 6점의독립적으로계단, 오르막길등까지보행가능까지 6단계로이루어진척도이다 8. 운동기능은 Fugl-Meyer assessment(fma) 의운동영역평가를이용하여조사하였다. FMA는뇌졸중이후운동기능장애수준과변화를측정하기위하여가장널리사용되고있는척도이며, 이중운동영역은상하지의운동기능을종합적으로평가한다 9. 총점은 100점으로점수가낮을수록운동기능이떨어짐을의미한다. 일상생활동작은한국판수정바델지수 (modified Barthel index of Korean version, K-MBI) 가사용되었다. 완전독립, 약간의도움, 중간정도의도움, 많은도움, 완전의존의 5단계의일상생활동작수행에있어의존도를평가하며, 식사하기, 옷입기, 몸치장하기, 의자차이동, 화장실이동과사용, 걷기, 계단사용, 대소변조절등의 10가지항목을조사한다. 100점이모든항목에서완전한독립성을의미하며점수가낮을수록기능이좋지않음을시사한다. 건강관련삶의질의변화를확인하기위하여 Euro-quality of life-5 dimension(eq-5d) 을이용하여평가하였다. EQ-5D 는이동능력 (mobility), 자기관리 (self-care), 일상생활활동 (usual activity), 통증 / 불편감 (pain/discomfort), 불안 / 우울 (anxiety/ depression) 을 3단계로측정하는 5가지문항으로구성되어있으며, 정상인의평균은 0.960±0.003점이며점수가낮을수록건강관련삶의질이낮음을의미한다 통계분석한양방협진과양방단독치료 3개월후유의한기능변화를알아보기위하여 paired t-test 를시행하였다. 양군간의결과지표변화에유의한차이가있는지확인하기위하여연속변수는 independent t-test 를이용하였으며, 범주형변수는 Chi-square 검정을이용하여분석하였다. 기술통계자료의경우연속변수지표는평균 ± 표준편차로, 범주형변수지표는 n(%) 로정리하였다. 모든통계분석은 647
4 뇌졸중환자에서한양방협진과양방단독재활치료의기능회복비교 PASW 19.4(SPSS Inc., IL, USA) 를이용하였으며, 유의성은 P<0.05로설정하였다. Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 연구대상자의특성전체 88명의환자가연구대상기준을만족하였으나 12명이제외되었다. 11명은추적관찰기록이누락되었으며, 1명은추적기간중사망하였다. 따라서전체 76명의환자가연구대상자가되었으며, 한양방협진을통해재활치료를받은군은 32명, 양 방단독재활치료를받은군은 44명이었다. 한양방협진군과양방단독군에서나이, 성별, 뇌졸중위험인자, 뇌졸중종류, NIHSS를이용한신경학적손상정도, 급성기신경과, 신경외과적치료후재활의학과로전과되기까지기간은유의한차이가관찰되지않았다 (Table 1). 발병후추적관찰시기까지한양방협진군은 110.1±12.5 일, 양방단독군은 115.8±14.7일로양군에서치료기간에는유의한차이는없었다. 두군에서모두재활의학과전과시보행기능, 운동기능, 일상생활동작기능, 건강관련삶의질에있어유의한차이는없었다. Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the Participants Total, n=76 EWIM, n=32 WSRT, n=44 P value Age (yr) 60.8± ± ± Sex (M:F), n (%) 35:41 (46:54) 15:16 (47:53) 20:25 (45:55) Stroke risk factors HTN, n (%) 69 (90.7) 29 (90.6) 40 (90.9) DM, n (%) 29 (38.1) 13 (40.6) 16 (36.3) Hyperlipidemia, n (%) 38 (50.0) 17 (53.1) 21 (47.7) Type Ischemic, n (%) 49 (64.4) 20 (62.5) 29 (65.9) Hemorrhagic, n (%) 27 (35.6) 12 (37.5) 15 (34.1) NIHSS 8.3± ± ± Duration from onset to rehabilitation (days) 16.5± ± ± Duration from onset to follow up (days) 112.8± ± ± Function at admission to rehabilitation FAC 2.4± ± ± FMA 31.7± ± ± K-MBI 42.6± ± ± EQ-5D 0.84± ± ± EWIM : East-west integrative medical care, WSRT : Western single rehabilitation therapy, HTN : hypertension, DM : diabetes mellitus, NIHSS : national institutes of health stroke scale, FAC : functional ambulation category, FMA : Fugl-Meyer assessment, K-MBI : modified Barthel index of Korean version, EQ-5D : Euro-quality of life-5 dimension 2. 기능회복에미치는영향 1) 보행기능참여대상군전체적으로 FAC는 2.4±1.3에서 4.0±2.0로 3개월간의재활치료후유의한향상을 보였다. 한양방협진군은 2.6±1.5에서 3.7±1.9로, 양방단독군은 2.3±0.9에서 4.2±1.6로두군모두유의한향상이관찰되었다 (P=0.013, P=0.008)(Fig. 1). 그러나두군간의보행기능변화정도는유의한 648
5 김민수 윤종민 차이가관찰되지않았다 (P=0.285). Fig. 2. Change of the FMA. Fig. 1. Change of the FAC. Chi-square test was applied to make a comparison between groups. No significant difference between EWIM and WSRT group was shown in FAC (P=0.285). FAC : functional ambulation category, EWIM : East-west integrative medical care, WSRT : Western single rehabilitation therapy * : P<0.05 2) 운동기능 FMA를이용하여측정한운동기능은전체환자에서유의한향상이관찰되었다 (Fig. 2). 한양방협진군은 35.5±22.9에서 50.1±26.3으로, 양방단독군은 29.6±20.5에서 54.3±23.9으로각각치료전후유의한향상이확인되었으나 (P=0.022, P=0.010), 두군간의운동기능변화정도에따른차이는관찰되지않았다 (P=0.548). 3) 일상생활동작기능한양방협진군은 44.1±29.8에서 64.2±28.8으로, 양방단독군은 39.7±30.3에서 61.4±32.4 으로양군에서모두치료후 K-MBI 는유의한향상이관찰되었다 (P=0.005, P=0.010)(Fig. 3). 또한 3개월후양군간의치료효과를분석하였을때한양방협진군이양방단독군에비해통계적으로유의한회복이관찰되었다 (P=0.048). Independent t-test was used for comparison between groups. No significant difference between EWIM and WSRT group was noted in FMA (P=0.548). FMA : Fugl-Meyer assessment, EWIM : East-west integrative medical care, WSRT : Western single rehabilitation therapy * : P<0.05 Fig. 3. Change of the K-MBI. Independent t-test was applied for comparison between groups. The EWIM group showed a significant improvement in K-MBI compared with WSRT group after 3 months (P=0.048). K-MBI : modified Barthel index of Korean version, EWIM : East-west integrative medical care, WSRT : Western single rehabilitation therapy * : P<0.05 4) 건강관련삶의질 EQ-5D 는전체환자에서재활치료후유의하게증가하였으며, 한양방협진군은 0.83±0.05에서 0.86± 0.04으로 (P=0.012), 양방단독군은 0.85±0.09에서 0.86± 0.09으로호전을보였다 (P=0.021). 양군간의치료 649
6 뇌졸중환자에서한양방협진과양방단독재활치료의기능회복비교 효과를비교하였을때, 한양방협진군이양방단독군에비하여통계적으로유의한향상이관찰되었다 (P=0.042)(Fig. 4). Fig. 4. Change of the EQ-5D. Independent t-test was applied for comparison between groups. Significant difference between the EWIM and the WSRT group was noted in EQ-5D after 3 months (P=0.042). EQ-5D : Euro-quality of life-5 dimension, EWIM : East-west integrative medical care, WSRT : Western single rehabilitation therapy * : P<0.05 Ⅳ. 고찰 우리나라의료는오랜경험으로축적된의학경험으로이루어진한의학과양방으로이루어진의료체계로이루어져있으며, 이는다른나라와비교할때큰장점이라고볼수있다 11. 현대한의학은다양한질병을치료하는데기여하고있으며, 특히뇌졸중과같이아직현대양방의학기법으로완전하게치료가어려운질병에서도움이될수있다. 현재까지한양방협진에관련된연구는매우적은편으로이는상호간질병에대한접근의차이와치료방법에대한인식의부족한점등이원인으로분석되고있다 12. 뇌졸중은환자에따라증상이다양하기때문에물리치료사, 작업치료사, 언어치료사, 인지치료사, 보조기전문가등다양한분야 의의료인이통합적으로환자의기능회복을위하여치료에참여하며, 한방치료가기여할수있는부분이많은질병이다 13. 또한뇌졸중후기전이불분명하고양방기법으로해결이어려운중추성통증, 복합동통증후군, 근골격계통증, 변비, 우울증등의합병증이발생하는데한양방협진은이러한합병증해결에도도움에도움이될수있다 뇌졸중에대한한양방협진은우리나라에서는초기단계로각기관에따라차이가크다. 이러한점은뇌졸중에관련된한양방협진에대해서는보고한한연구에서도확인할수있는데이연구의경우다기관이참여한특성상각기관마다협진방식에차이가있을수있어포괄적인방식으로결과를제시한바있다 7. 본연구에서뇌졸중한양방협진은주치의를기간이따라나누어서진료하는형태로진행하였으며, 한방과양방재활의학과전문의는정기적인팀미팅을통하여환자상태와치료경과를공유하고적극적으로치료과정중문제점이있을경우자문을구하였다. 또한본연구에서양방과한방에서입원치료중해결이어려운합병증이있을경우신속하게각병원의외래진료를통하여신속하게해결할수있도록상호적극적인환자관리를수행하였다. 본연구의목적은이러한한양방협진과양방단독치료재활치료를받은환자들을비교하여뇌졸중후기능회복에대한한양방협진이갖는효과를분석하는것이다. 연구결과뇌졸중한양방협진과양방단독재활치료를받은군모두보행기능, 운동기능, 일상생활동작기능, 건강관련삶의질지표모두 3개월간치료후유의한향상이관찰되었다. 또한 K-MBI 와 EQ-5D 는양방단독치료를받은군에비하여한양방협진군이 3개월후더욱유의한호전이이루어진점을확인하였다. 최근중국에서이루어진아급성기뇌졸중환자를대상으로표준재활치료와함께한방치료를시행한군과표준재활치료만을시행한군의치료성적을비교한다기관무작위대조시험에서한양방협진군에서 MBI, 650
7 김민수 윤종민 NIHSS, mini mental status examination(mmse), Hamilton s depression scale(hamd) 에서더좋은효과를보였다고보고하였다 19. 이는일상생활동작기능, 신경학적결손의정도, 인지기능, 뇌졸중후우울증이향상된것이며본연구결과와일정부분일치하는결과이다. K-MBI 의경우재활의학과전입하여치료시작전양군간의차이가관찰되지는않았으나변화정도에는유의한차이가있어뇌졸중후일상생활동작의개선에한양방협진이더도움이되었다고할수있다. K-MBI는기본적으로인간이독립적인생활을하기위한필수적인일상생활과관련된항목들이포함되어있는지표로서좀더환자들이독립적인활동이가능해졌다는것을의미한다. 이는한양방협진병원과양방병원의뇌졸중치료효과를분석한이전연구와도비슷한결과이며, 한양방협진에대한이해도가높을경우환자의기능회복에도움이된다는점을확인하였다. 그러나구체적으로어떠한한양방치료기법이더우수한결과를보여주었는지에대해서는향후추가연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 한양방협진을받은군과양방단독치료를받은군모두 EQ-5D 는유의하게증가하였으며, 한양방협진군에서양방단독군에비하여더많은향상이이루어졌음을확인하였다. EQ-5D 는건강관련삶의질을평가하는대표적인도구로서뇌졸중환자에서높은응답률과유효성이검증되어있다 10. EQ-5D 가좋은향상을보였던것은한양방협진을받은환자는양방단독치료만받은환자에비하여일상생활수행능력이더많이회복되어삶의질이증진된점에서기인했다고판단된다. 또한한양방협진을통해서로보완하여통증과우울증과같은합병증을보다적극적으로진료하고, 꾸준한팀회의를통하여지속적으로환자경과에대해통합적으로관리한점이기여했으리라생각된다. 본연구는좀더장기적인한양방협진의효과에대해분석한최초의보고임에도몇가지제한점이 있다. 첫째, 본연구는의무기록을통한후향적연구로서연구방법의특성상대상군선정의치우침 (selection bias) 의가능성을갖고있다. 둘째, 뇌졸중의기능회복은환자의해부학적뇌병변과이전기능상태등에따라양상에차이가있을수있어 3개월치료기간은충분히치료효과를확인하기에다소부족할수있다. 뇌졸중의기능회복은일반적으로 12개월까지지속적으로회복이진행될수있어장기적인효과에대해서분석이이루어지지않은한계가있다. 셋째, 한양방협진재활치료를받은환자들은양방단독재활치료만받는환자들에비하여더기능회복에대한기대가크며, 이러한기대효과가기능회복에영향을미쳤을가능성을배제할수없다. 넷째, 뇌졸중의기능회복에영향을미칠수있는합병증과인지기능, 우울증등여러가지변수를통제하여연구가수행된것은아닌단점이있다. 다섯째, 본연구에서이루어진협진방법이한양방협진의표준이라고할수는없으며, 따라서아직까지뇌졸중한양방협진은초기단계로서환자별기능상태와기저질환에따른효과적인맞춤형한양방협진에대해서는지속적인연구가필요하다. Ⅴ. 결론한양방협진은뇌졸중환자에게일상생활동작기능과건강관련삶의질의향상에양방단독재활치료에비해좀더우수한효과를보여주었다. 효과적인뇌졸중환자의기능향상을위하여뇌졸중한양방협진방법에대한추가적인연구가지속적으로필요하다. 참고문헌 1. Hong KS, Bang OY, Kang DW, Yu KH, Bae HJ, Lee JS, et al. Stroke statistics in Korea: epidemiology and risk factors. J Stroke 2013; 651
8 뇌졸중환자에서한양방협진과양방단독재활치료의기능회복비교 15: Crichton SL, Bray BD, McKevitt C, Rudd AG, Wolfe CD. Patient outcomes up to 15 years after stroke: survival, disability, quality of life, cognition and mental health. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016;87(10): De Wit L, Putman K, Schuback B, Komarek A, Angst F, Baert I, et al. Motor and functional recovery after stroke: a comparison of 4 European rehabilitation centers. Stroke 2007;38(7): Woo YJ, Jeong SY, Park BJ. Current status of spontaneous adverse reactions reporting system on herbal medicine in China, Japan, Korea and WHO. J Int Korean Med 2014;35(2): Koo JG, Rho HI, Hong SM, Kang IS, Lee YH, Han DW. Workers' attitudes about a system of collaborative hospital practice between western and traditional Korean medicine. Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine 2009;13(2): Park SU, Cho SY, Park JM, Ko CN, Park HJ, Lauren Walls B, et al. Integrative treatment modalities for stoke victims in Korea. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2014;20(1): Heo KH, Hwang YH, Cho HW, Lee I, Hong JW, Shin YI, et al. An analysis of the effectiveness of stroke between east-west integrative medicine hospital and western medicine hospital by the data of brain rehabilitation registry. Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation 2013;23(3): Mehrholz J, Wagner K, Rutte K, Meissner D, Pohl M. Predictive validity and responsiveness of the functional ambulation category in hemiparetic patients after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88(10): Sullivan KJ, Tilson JK, Cen SY, Rose DK, Hershberg J, Correa A, et al. Fugl-Meyer assessment of sensorimotor function after stroke: standardized training procedure for clinical practice and clinical trials. Stroke 2011;42(2): Lu WS, Huang SL, Yang JF, Chen MH, Hsieh CL, Chou CY. Convergent validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D utility weights for stroke survivors. J Rehabil Med 2016;48(4): Ryu GC, Lee HW, Oh SJ, Park CJ. International competitiveness and tasks of Korean traditional medicine from the perspective of international comparison of curricula and research. Health and Social Welfare Review 2005;25(2): Kim DH, Lee KH. Utilizing patterns and attitude on collaborating care of Korean traditional medicine and western medicine among cerebral apoplexy patients. Korean J Hosp Manag 2004; 9(2): Clarke DJ, Forster A. Improving post-stroke recovery: the role of the multidisciplinary health care team. J Multidiscip Healthc 2015;8: Yang A, Wu HM, Tang JL, Xu L, Yang M, Liu GJ. Acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;8:Cd Watson JC, Sandroni P. Central neuropathic pain syndromes. Mayo Clin Proc 2016;91(3) : Harrison RA, Field TS. Post stroke pain: identification, assessment, and therapy. Cerebrovasc Dis 2015;39(3-4): Robinson RG, Jorge RE. Post-stroke depression: a review. Am J Psychiatry 2016;173(3): Wilson RD, Chae J. Hemiplegic shoulder pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2015;26(4): Fang J, Chen L, Ma R, Keeler CL, Shen L, Bao Y, et al. Comprehensive rehabilitation with integrative medicine for subacute stroke: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2016;6:
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