타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 89.,, ph. (extruding) (steaming). (Lee et al., 203). (Yoon, 20). (Manihot esculenta Crantz),,,. amylose amylopectin (Chee, 986),.

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1 한수지 47(6), , 204 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6),88-823,204 타피오카전분을이용한넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 용고효율배합사료개발 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕 이봉주 한현섭 이경준 김성삼 * 국립수산과학원사료연구센터, 제주대학교해양생명과학과 Development of High Efficiency Extruded Pellets with Tapioca Starch in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Kang-Woong Kim, Jin-Hyuck Lee, Ki-Min Bae, Kyoung-Duck Kim, Bong-Joo Lee, Hyon-Sob Han, Kyeong-Jun Lee and Sung-Sam Kim* Aquafeed Research Center, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Pohang , Korea Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju , Korea This study compared the effects of feeding diets consisting of an experimental extruded pellet with tapioca starch (EEP), commercial extruded pellet (CEP), and raw-fish-based pellet (MP) on the growth, flesh quality, and apparent digestibility coefficient of the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Two replicated groups of 4,000 fish each (initial mean weight: 8.8±3.5 g) were fed one of the experimental diets for 5 months. After the feeding trial, the final mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency of fish fed the EEP was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CEP and MP. Moisture content in the whole-body of fish fed MP was significantly higher than those of fish fed other diets. However, the highest crude protein in the whole-body was found in fish groups fed the EEP. Significantly higher contents of 24:n-9, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3 and lower 8:n-7 was observed in fish fed the EEP compared with fish fed the MP. The amino acid contents in the whole-body showed significant differences in the composition depending on the feed, but the distribution of free amino acids showed similar patterns. Among amino acids, glutamic acid showed the highest content in all the experimental groups, and the threonine, cysteine, and lysine contents were significantly higher in the groups fed with EEP and CEP than in the group fed with MP. Digestibility of nutrients of the EEP was significantly higher than that of fish fed the CEP. This suggests that extruded pellets can be used to feed olive flounder without compromising growth and flesh quality in comparison to raw-fish-based moist pellets. Formulation of the EEP could be used as a practical feed for olive flounder. Key words: Extruded pellet, Moist pellet, Olive flounder, Growth, Flesh quality, Digestibility 서론,,,. (NRC, 20)., (starch).,,,.,,,., ( ), Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6) , December 204 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 0 November204; Revised December 204; Accepted 29 December 204 *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: sungsamkim@korea.kr Copyright 204 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 88 pissn:0374-8, eissn:

2 타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 89.,, ph. (extruding) (steaming). (Lee et al., 203). (Yoon, 20). (Manihot esculenta Crantz),,,. amylose amylopectin (Chee, 986),. (Kim et al., 2007; Mishra and Rai 2006)., (Song and Park 2000; Ahn, 2005). (commercial extruded pellet, CEP). (Experimental extruded pellet, EEP) (CEP) (moist pellet, MP),,. 실험사료 재료및방법 (Experimental extruded pellet, EEP), (commercial extruded pellet, CEP) (moist pellet, MP) Table.,,,,,,,., C,,,. (EEP) (Bühler, Swiss), 3-5 mm., (MP), 9:. Table. Formulation and proximate compositions of the experimental diets Ingredients 실험어및사육관리 EEP 2 CEP 3 MP 4 Fish meal (Anchovy meal, Peru) Dehulled soybean meal Soy protein concentrates Wheat gluten meal Corn gluten meal Krill meal Squid meal Tapioca starch Wheat flour Fish oil Vitamin and mineral premix Vitamin C (Stay-C) Lechithin.0.0 MCP (monocalcium phosphate) Choline chloride Taurine Methionine β-glucan Raw-fish 90 Powder feed 0 Proximate composition(%, DM) Moisture Crude protein Crude lipid Ash Fiber Feed stuffs not mentioned here are the same feed stuffs as the domestic aquaculture feed companies are using currently. 2 EEP = Experimental extruded pellet, 3 CEP=Commercial extruded pellet pellet, 4 MP = Moist pellet. 5 Provided by Suhyup Feed Co., Kyong- Nam, Korea. 6 Provided by Daebong Live Feed Co., Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Korea. 7 Vitamin and mineral premix (mg/kg) : KI 250, MnSO 4 H 2 O 2800, ZnSO 4 H 2 O 2350, vitamin K 225, biotin (2%) 3500, niacin 4850, calcium pantothenate 000, folic acid 2000, vitamin B 500, vitamin B , vitamin B and vitamin C ,. ( : g) m

3 820 김강웅ㆍ이진혁ㆍ배기민ㆍ김경덕ㆍ이봉주ㆍ한현섭ㆍ이경준ㆍ김성삼 4,000. 2, 24, %, 5 ( ). 샘플수집, (weight gain), (feed efficiency), (specific growth rate), (protein efficiency ratio) (survival)., 30 (MS-222, 00 mg/l) -70. 일반성분및에너지분석, AOAC (2000) (25, 3 h), (550, 2 h), (Bunchi B-324/435/24, Switzerland; Metrohm 8-79/806, Switzerland), Folch et al. (959) Soxhlet (Soxhlet heater system C-SH6, Korea). (Parr-6200, Moline, IL, USA). 지방산분석 3 g 4 chloroform : methanol (2 :, v/v) homogenizer 2, evaporator. 4% BF 3 -methanol (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) 2 ml 30 85, ether. GC HP-INNOWax capillary column (30 m 0.32 mm i.d., film thickness 0.5 m, Hewlett-Packard, USA) gas chromatography (HP6890, USA) carrier gas helieum. Injector detector (FID) 250, 270, oven /min. methyl ester mixture (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) retention time peak. 구성아미노산분석 0.5 g 6 N-HCl 5mL 0 dry oven 24. Glass filter 55, sodium citrate buffer (ph 2.20) 25mL 0.45 m membrane filter (Biochrom 30, Biochrom Ltd., England). Cation separation column (oxidised feedstuff column, 4.6 mm 200 mm) 0.2 M sodium citrate buffer (ph 3.20, 4.25).2 M sodium citrate buffer (ph 6.45) 0.4 M sodium hydroxide solution ml/min, ninhydrin 0.33 ml/min, column 48-95, 35. 소화율평가 (EEP) (CEP) 0.5% (Cr 2 O 3 ) 0.5%.. ( : g) 400 L 30. L/min (, ) 9,., (0:00 h) (freezer dryer). chromium oxide Divakaran et al. (2002). (550 ) 3 h. chromium oxide mono-chromate 5-0 mg glass test tube. glass test tub perchloric reagent 4 ml. Perchloric reagent 00 ml 200 ml, 70% perchloric acid 200 ml. perchloric reagent glass test tube ml 3 25 ml.

4 타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 82 (Analyticjena, Germany) 350 nm. Standard standard Chromium oxide. (Cr 2 O 3 ). - =00 ( Cr 2 %/ Cr 2 %) - =00 ( Cr 2 %/ Cr 2 %) (, % /, %) 통계학적분석 (Completely randomized design), SPSS (Version 2.0) One-way ANOVA. Duncan s multiple test (P<0.05). (mean SD). arcsine. 결과및고찰 (Experimental extruded pellet, EEP) (commercial extruded pellet, CEP) (moist pellet, MP) Table 2. 98%.,, EEP CEP MP (P<0.05), CEP MP. MP EEP, CEP. EEP MP, CEP. (CEP) MP (Cho et al., 2005; Cho et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2006). EEP CEP MP., Table 2. Growth performance of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets Initial mean body weight (g/fish) Final mean body weight (g/fish) EEP 2 CEP 3 MP 4 8.6±2. 8.8± ± ±5.8 b 563.3±3.5 a 560.3±4.7 a Weight gain ±9. b 589.±5.3 a 577.±6.6 a Specific growth rate 6.36±0.0 b.33±0.0 a.32±0.0 a Feed efficiency ±2.56 b 88.8±2.84 a 84.9±3.2 a Feed intake.39±0.03 a.47±0.02 ab.53±0.02 b Survival 98.7± ± ±0.27 Condition factor 8.8±0.0 b.4±0.02 a.7±0.0 b Values are means from two replicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 EEP = Experimental extruded pellet; 3 CEP = Moist pellet. 4 MP = Commercial extruded pellet. 5 Weight gain = (final weight - initial weight) 00 / initial weight. 6 Specific growth rate = (log e final wt. log e initial wt.)/ days. 7 Feed efficiency = wet weight gain (g) 00 / dry feed intake (g). 8 Condition factor ={(fish wt. (g) /total length (cm) 3 } 00. (Table, 6). Table 3. EEP CEP MP, CEP MP. MP EEP CEP.. MP EEP, Table 3. Proximate composition of whole-body for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets Moisture Crude protein Crude lipid Ash EEP 2 7.±0.58 a 22.±0.2 b 3.2± ±0.2 CEP 3 7.5±0.58 a 2.6±0.27 a 3.± ±0.36 MP 4 72.±0.72 b 2.4±0.23 a 3.3± ±0.23 Values are means from three replicate groups of fish where the values in each column with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 EEP=Experimental extruded pellet. 3 CEP=Commercial extruded pellet. 4 MP = Moist pellet.

5 822 김강웅ㆍ이진혁ㆍ배기민ㆍ김경덕ㆍ이봉주ㆍ한현섭ㆍ이경준ㆍ김성삼 Table 4. Fatty acid composition of the whole-body for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets Fatty acid EEP 2 CEP 3 MP 4 Pooled SEM 5 4: : : a 2.58 ab 2.85 b 0.06 SFA :n :n a 3.75 a 6.50 b :n :n b 0.2 ab 0.6 a 0.03 MUFA :2n :3n :3n b 0.79 a 0.89 b :4n :5n b 8.2 a 8.79 b :4n :5n :6n b ab a.32 PUFA Values are means from two replicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 EEP=Experimental extruded pellet. 3 CEP=Commercial extruded pellet. 4 MP=Moist pellet. 5 Pooled standard error of means: SD/ n. 6 SFA=saturated fatty acid. 7 MUFA=monounsaturated fatty acid. 8 PUFA=polyunsaturated fatty acid. EEP CEP.. Table 4. EEP, CEP MP (saturated fatty acid, SFA) palmitic acid (6:0), (unsaturated fatty acid) vaccenic acid (8:n-7) docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). stearic acid (8:0) EEP CEP, vaccenic acid (8:n-7) 햠 EEP CEP. EEP CEP 3 linolenic acid (8:3n-3), EPA (20:5n-3) DHA (22:6n-3). EEP CEP 2%. Table 5. lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine. EEP CEP threonine, cysteine lysine MP, MP proline glycine EEP CEP. EEP CEP MP. Table 6 EEP CEP Table 5. Amino acid contents of the whole-body for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets (% to total amino acid) Amino acid Pooled EEP 2 CEP 3 MP 4 SEM 5 Aspartic acid Threonine 4.66 b 4.62 b 4.40 a 0.06 Serine Glutamic acid Proline.8 a.8 a 2.60 b 0.22 Glycine 6.96 a 6.90 a 8.20 b 0.06 Alanine Cystine 0.78 b 0.79 b 0.52 a 0.0 Valine Methionine Isoleucine Leucine Tyrosine Phenylalanine 4.8 b 4.2 ab 3.95 a 0.02 Histidine Lysine 9.49 b 9.37 b 8.89 a 0.06 Arginine Values are means from four replicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 EEP=Experimental extruded pellet. 3 CEP=Commercial extruded pellet. 4 MP=Moist pellet. 5 Pooled standard error of means: SD/ n.

6 타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 823 Table 6. Apparent digestibility coefficient (%, ADC) of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free and energy in the experimental diets determined by fecal collection method (Guelph system) for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Nutrients EEP 2 CEP 3 Dry matter 78.0± ±0.6 Protein 90.6±.24 b 84.9±0.97 a Lipid 88.9±.3 b 85.±2. a NFE 84.8±.52 b 66.7±0.70 a Energy 87.0±2.25 b 79.7±0.8 a Mean values of triplicate groups, values are presented as mean ± SD. Values in the same row having different superscript letters are significantly different (P< 0.05). 2 EEP = Experimental extruded pellet. 3 CEP = Commercial extruded pellet.. EEP,,, (NFE) 78.0%, 90.6%, 88.9%, 84.8% 87.0%. EEP CEP. (NFE) EEP (84.8%) CEP (66.7%) 8.%.. EEP CEP,., ( ), (9%).,,, (formulation). 사사 (, RP-204-AQ-29). Ahn GJ Quality characteristics of the chol-pyon added tapioca powder. Korean J Culinary Res, AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 7th Edition. Cunniff P, ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc, Arlington, VA, U.S.A. Chee KM Nutritive values of tapioca. Korean J Animal Nut Feedstuffs 0, Cho MJ, Oh YK, Park SH, Lee HY, Kang YJ and Park MA Effects of extruded pellet and moist pellet feed on health conditions of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. J Fish Pathol 22, Cho SH, Lee SM and Lee JH Effects of the extruded pellets and raw fish-based moist pellet on growth and body composition of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus L. for 0 months. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 8, Divakaran S, Leonard GO, and Ian PF Note on the methods for determination of chromic oxide in shrimp feeds. J Agric Food Chem 50, jf02s. Folch J, Lee M and Sloane Stanley GH A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226, Kim KW, Kang YJ, Lee HY, Kim KD, Choi SM, Bai SC and Park HS Commercial scale evaluation of practical extruded pellet feed for the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 39, org/0.5657/kfas Kim IS, Joo DS, Kim DS and Kim JD Food and health. Shinkwang munhwasa, Seoul, Korea, Lee JK, Oh SH and Lim JK Effects of tapioca starches on quality characteristics of rice cookies. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 29, kfcs Lee SM, Seo JY, Lee YH, Kim KD, Lee JH and Jang HS Evaluation of experimental extruded pellet, commercial pellet and raw fish-based moist pellet for growing flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 8, Mishra S and Rai T Morphology and functional properties of corn, potato and tapioca starches. Food Hydrocolloids 20, NRC (Nutrient Research Council). 20. Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. The National Academy Press, Washington DC, U.S.A. Song JC and Park HJ Food rheology. Ulsan University Press Center, Ulsan. pp 5, 66, 202. Yoon YK. 20. Effects of corn starch, potato starch and tapioca starch on the quality of gluten-free rice bread. MS Thesis. Dankook University, Gyeonggi, Korea. References

한수지 47(6), , 2014 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6), ,2014 배합사료및습사료공급에따른넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 의성장및어체성분비교 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕

한수지 47(6), , 2014 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6), ,2014 배합사료및습사료공급에따른넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 의성장및어체성분비교 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕 한수지 47(6), 810-817, 2014 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6),810-817,2014 배합사료및습사료공급에따른넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 의성장및어체성분비교 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕 이봉주 한현섭 김성삼 * 국립수산과학원사료연구센터 Comparison of Extruded