한수지 47(6), , 2014 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6), ,2014 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 치어사료에서산가수분해농축대두박 (Acid-concentrated soyb

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1 한수지 47(6), , 204 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6),824-83,204 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 치어사료에서산가수분해농축대두박 (Acid-concentrated soybean meal) 의어분대체효과및소화율평가 김성삼 오대한 조성준 2 서상현 2 한현섭 이경준 3 * 국립수산과학원사료연구센터, CJ 제일제당생물자원연구소, 2 CJ 제일제당소재연구소, 3 제주대학교해양생명과학과 Evaluation of Acid-concentrated Soybean Meal as a Fishmeal Replacement and its Digestibility in Diets for Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Sung-Sam Kim, Dae-Han Oh, Seong-Jun Cho 2, Sang-Hyun Seo 2, Hyon-Sob Han and Kyeong-Jun Lee 3 * Aquafeed Research Center, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Pohang , Korea Animal Bioscience Research Institute, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Incheon , Korea 2 Food Ingredients R&D Center, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Seoul , Korea 3 Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju , Korea This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fishmeal replacement with acid-concentrated soybean meal (ACSBM) on growth performance, blood biochemistry, and ingredient digestibility in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Six experimental diets were formulated to replace fishmeal protein with ACSBM at 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% (designated ACSBM0, ACSBM20, ACSBM30, ACSBM40, ACSBM50, and ACSBM60, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (initial fish mean weight: 4.3±0.03 g) were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation (twice daily at 08:00 and 8:00 h). After a 2-week feeding trial, a total of 80 healthy fish were randomly distributed into three Guelph system tanks at a density of 60 fish/tank (initial fish mean weight : 50.6±2.4 g) to test the apparent digestibility coefficients of the ingredients (ACSBM, fishmeal, and soybean meal). Although negative effects were observed with ACSBM40, ACSBM50 and ACSBM60 after 2 weeks of feeding, up to 20% of the fishmeal protein could be successfully replaced with ACSBM without significant growth depression. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values of fish fed the ACSBM50 and ACSBM60 diets were significantly lower than those of fish fed the ACSBM0 diet. Glucose values of fish fed the ACSBM60 diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed the ACSBM0 and ACSBM20 diets. Digestibility of protein in ACSBM and soybean meal was 85.9% and 82.5%, respectively. Results indicated that at least 20% of fishmeal protein can be replaced by ACSBM in diets of juvenile olive flounder without supplementation of limiting amino acids. Key words: Olive flounder, Fish meal, Acid-concentrated soybean meal, Digestibility, Replacement 서론,. (50-70%). (Yang et al., 20; Song et al., 204). Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6) , December 204 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 22 October 204; Revised 4 November 204; Accepted 3 November 204 *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: kjlee@jejunu.ac.kr Copyright 204 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 824 pissn:0374-8, eissn:

2 산가수분해농축대두박의어분대체효과 825 (Storebakken et al., 2000; Leenhouwers et al., 2006; Gatlin et al., 2007). protease inhibitor, tannins, lectins non-starch polysaccharides (antinutritional factors, ANF) (Francis et al., 200). ANF, (bioprocess) (Rumsey et al., 994; Buttle et al., 200; Refstie et al., 998, 2005).. (soy protein isolates, SPI), (soy protein concentrates, SPC), (high protein soybean meal, HSB) (soy products) (Chou et al., 2004; Glencross et al., 2005). (Ao, 20; Cavins et al., 972). (acid-concentrated soybean meal, ACSBM) (defatted soybean meal). (steaming roasting) oligosaccharides, lectins, soya antigens, phytase trypsin inhibitors ANF (Refstie et al., 998; Watson et al., 204). in vivo,. 재료및방법 산가수분해농축대두박제조공정 ( 67.0%, 3.4%, 3.5%) CJ. 5. N HCl ph ,000 g 20, (ACSBM). 실험사료 ( 67.0%, 3.4%, 3.5%) CJ. Table. Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Ingredients Diets ACSBM0 ACSBM20 ACSBM30 ACSBM40 ACSBM50 ACSBM60 Fish meal ACSBM Soybean meal Corn gluten meal Wheat flour Fish oil Mineral mix Vitamin mix Choline chloride Proximate composition Protein (% DM) Lipid (% DM) Ash (% DM) Acid-concentrated soybean meal (ACSBM) was provided by CJ CheilJedang Corp. 2 MgSO 4.7H 2 O, 80.0; NaH 2 PO 4.2H 2 O, 370.0; KCl, 30.0; Ferric citrate, 40.0; ZnSO 4.7H 2 O, 20.0; Ca-lactate, 356.5; CuCl, 0.2; AlCl 3.6H 2 O, 0.5; Na 2 Se 2 O 3, 0.0; MnSO 4.H 2 O, 2.0; CoCl 2.6H 2 O,.0. 3 L-ascorbic acid, 2.2; DL-αtocopheryl acetate, 8.8; thiamin hydrochloride, 2.7; riboflavin, 9.; pyridoxine hydrochloride,.8; niacin, 36.4; Ca- D -pantothenate, 2.7; myo-inositol, 8.8; D -biotin, 0.27; folic acid, 0.68; p-aminobezoic acid, 8.2; menadione,.8; retinyl acetate, 0.73; cholecalficerol, 0.003; cyanocobalamin,

3 826 김성삼ㆍ오대한ㆍ조성준ㆍ서상현ㆍ한현섭ㆍ이경준 Table Table 2. ACSBM 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% 60% 6 (ACSBM0, AC- SBM20, ACSBM30, ACSBM40, ACSBM50 ACSBM60)., 30% (NVM-4-2P, Daeyoung, Korea),. (SMC-2, Kuposlice, Busan, Korea). 24 h -20 C. 실험어및사육관리. 2. ( : g) 8 50 L L/min. (5-22 ) 2-h light/2-h dark 2 (08:00 h 8:00 h) h. 2. 샘플수집및분석 (weight gain), (specific growth rate), (feed conversion ratio), (protein efficiency ratio) (survival). 3 2-phenoxyethanol (200 ppm). hematocrit, hemoglobin. alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hematocrit microhematocrit technique, hemoglobin, ALT, AST, protein glucose (Express plus system, Bayer, USA). AOAC (995) (25, 3 h), (550, 6 h), (Kejltec system 2300, Table 2. Amino acid composition (% protein) of the experimental diets for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Amino acids Diets ACSBM0 ACSBM20 ACSBM30 ACSBM40 ACSBM50 ACSBM60 Arginine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Valine Aspartic acid Glutamic acid Serine Proline Glycine Alanine Tyrosine Cystine

4 산가수분해농축대두박의어분대체효과 827 Sweden), Folch et al. (959) Soxhlet (Soxhlet heater system C-SH6, Korea). Sycom S-433D automatic amino acid analyzer (Sykam, Eresing, Germany). 사료원료의외관상소화율측정 (,, ) (reference diet) (test diets). Table 5. 7:3. (indicator) chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3, Sigma-Aldrich).0%. 2 (Guelph system). ( : g) L Guelph system L/min. 7:00 h. 09:00 h (feces). (0 mm, F093-0, Chmlab) -70 C. 0 (9-22 ). chromium oxide Divakaran et al. (2002). (550 ) 3 h. chromium oxide mono-chromate 5-0 mg glass test tube. glass test tub perchloric reagent 4 ml. Perchloric reagent 00 ml 200 ml, 70% perchloric acid 200 ml. perchloric reagent glass test tube ml 3 25 ml. (Beckman DU-730, USA) 350 nm. Standard standard Chromium oxide.. 참고사료및실험사료의영양소소화율 (%) =00 [ ( %/ %) ( %/ %)] (%) =[( ) (0.7 )]/[(- 0.7) ] (Completely randomized design), SPSS (Version 2.0) One-way ANOVA. Tukey's test (P 0.05) (mean SD). arcsine. 결과및고찰 2 Table 3. 20% 30% ACSBM20, ACSBM30 ACSBMS0, 40% ACSBM40, ACSBM50 ACSBM60 ACSBM0.. ACSBM20 ACSBM0 ACSBM30, AC- SBM40, ACSBM50, ACSBM60 ACSBM0. AC- SBM20 ACSBM30, ACSBM40, ACSBM50, ACSBM60 ACSBM20.., 40%. 30% 30% % (Chou et al., 2004; Hernandez et al., 2007; Lim and Lee, 2008). Soy protein hydrolysates 85% (Song et al., 204), Soy protein concentrate (SPC) (Atlantic halibut, Berge et al.,999), (Atlantic salmon, Refstie et al.,200), (Common carp, Escaffre et al., 997), (Rainbow trout, Médale et al., 998; Mambrini et al.,

5 828 김성삼ㆍ오대한ㆍ조성준ㆍ서상현ㆍ한현섭ㆍ이경준 Table 3. Growth performance of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the six experimental diets for 2 weeks Diets ACSBM0 ACSBM20 ACSBM30 ACSBM40 ACSBM50 ACSBM60 IBW (g) 2 4.2±0. 4.3± ± ± ±0. 4.2±0.0 FBW (g) ±0.5 c 49.4±. c 45.6±.7 bc 44.7±0.9 b 40.0±3.3 a 36.±0.9 a WG (%) 4 249±3 c 246±8 bc 222±2 bc 23±6 b 80±24 a 53±7 a FCR 5.35±0.03 c.36±0.0 bc.42±0.08 ab.45±0.04 ab.7±0.20 a.97±0. a PER 6.48±0.04 c.49±0. c.44±0.08 c.40±0.04 bc.20±0.4 ab.03±0.06 a SGR (%) 7.69±0.0 b.66±0.02 b.6±0.0 b.54±0.02 b.39±0. a.25±0.04 a FI (g) ±0.7 b 47.7±2.4 b 44.5±.6 ab 44.0±0.3 a 43.4±0.6 a 42.8±0.6 a Survival (%) 95.8± ± ± ± ± ±5.2 Mean values of triplicate groups, values are presented as mean ± SD. Values in the same row having different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 Initial mean body weight. 3 Final mean body weight. 4 Weight gain (%)=00 (final mean body weight initial mean body weight)/initial mean body weight. 5 Feed conversion ratio=dry feed fed/wet weight gain. 6 Protein efficiency ratio=wet weight gain/total protein given. 7 Specific growth rate (%)=[(log e final body weight log e initial body weight)/days] Feed intake (g) = dry feed fed/fish. 999) (Senegalese sole, Aragão et al., 2003) (40-75%). Turbot SPC 25% (Day et al., 2000; Deng et al., 2006). (methionine, lysine), (Deng et al., 2006). (methionine) methionine (Table 2). 20%. 20%, (methionine, lysine ),,, phytase 20%. Table 4. Hematocrit AC- SBM20, ACSBM30 ACSBM40 ACSBM0 ACSBM50 AC- SBM60 ASBM0. Hemoglobin ACSBM20 ACSBM30 ACSBM0, ACSBM40, ACSBM50 ACSBM60 ACSBM0. Glucose ACSBM60 ACSBM0 ACSBM20. ALT, AST, protein.. ACSBM hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose. ACSBM Table 4. Serological characteristics of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the six experimental diets for 2 weeks Diets ACSBM0 ACSBM20 ACSBM30 ACSBM40 ACSBM50 ACSBM60 Hematocrit (%) 2.3±0.6 c 20.±.2 c 2.3±2. c 9.±0.2 bc 6.8±0.7 ab 5.7±.2 a Hemoglobin (g/dl) 4.54±0.03 c 4.60±0.20 c 4.46±0.29 c 4.29±0.35 bc 3.74±0.2 ab 3.52±0.35 a ALT (U/L) 32.9± ± ± ± ± ±6.4 AST (U/L).5±.8 3.0±.4 2.6±. 0.±.5 0.5±.3 0.7±3.3 Protein (g/dl) 4.23± ± ± ± ± ±0.23 Glucose (mg/dl) 8.5±0.7 a 8.7±.5 a 22.8±4.7 ab 22.6±2.6 ab 26.8±3.5 ab 29.5±6.6 b Mean values of triplicate groups, values are presented as mean ± SD. Values in the same row having different superscript letters are significantly different (P< 0.05).

6 산가수분해농축대두박의어분대체효과 829 Table 5. Formulation of the reference diet for digestibility test (% of DM basis) Ingredients Contents White fish meal 42.5 Soybean meal 6.0 Corn gluten meal 6.0 Wheat flour 30.0 Mineral mix.0 Vitamin mix 2.0 Yeast.0 Fish oil 0.0 Choline chloride 0.5 CMC.0 Chromium oxide 3.0 Test ingredient 0 MgSO 4.7H 2 O, 80.0; NaH 2 PO 4.2H 2 O, 370.0; KCl, 30.0; Ferric citrate, 40.0; ZnSO 4.7H 2 O, 20.0; Ca-lactate, 356.5; CuCl, 0.2; AlCl 3.6H 2 O, 0.5; Na 2 Se 2 O 3, 0.0; MnSO 4.H 2 O, 2.0; CoCl 2.6H 2 O,.0. 2 L-ascorbic acid, 2.2; DL-αtocopheryl acetate, 8.8; thiamin hydrochloride, 2.7; riboflavin, 9.; pyridoxine hydrochloride,.8; niacin, 36.4; Ca- D -pantothenate, 2.7; myo-inositol, 8.8; D -biotin, 0.27; folic acid, 0.68; p-aminobezoic acid, 8.2; menadione,.8; retinyl acetate, 0.73; cholecalficerol, 0.003; cyanocobalamin, methionine lysine, hematocrit hemoglobin.. ACSBM. ACSBM50 ACSBM60 glucose. Glucose (Gordon, 968),. ACSBM,. Table 6. ACSBM. 9.5% ACSBM 85.9% (82.5%). Table 6. Apparent digestibility coefficient (%, ADC) of dry matter and protein in the test ingredient determined by fecal collection method (Guelph system) for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Test ingredient ADC of test ingredients Acid-concentrated soybean meal., 20%,.. 사 사 (, RP-204-AQ-26) CJ. CJ. References Fish meal Soybean meal Dry matter (%) 57.7±8.0 a 82.0±4.6 b 58.3±7.6 a Protein (%) 85.9±.3 9.5± ±7.8 Mean values of triplicate groups, values are presented as mean ± SD. Values in the same row having different superscript letters are significantly different (P< 0.05). Ao T. 20. Using exogenous enzymes to increase the nutritional value of soybean meal in poultry diet. In: El-Shemy H, Ed. Soybean and Nutrition. InTech, New York, USA, AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 995. Official Methods of Analysis. 6th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Aragão C, Conceicção LEC, Dias J, Marques AC, Gomes E and Dinis MT Soy protein concentrate as a protein source for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 858) diets: effects on growth and amino acid metabolism of postlarvae. Aquac Res 34, Berge GM, Grisdale-Helland B and Helland SJ Soy protein concentrate in diets for Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Aquaculture 78, org/0.06/s (99)0027-.

7 830 김성삼ㆍ오대한ㆍ조성준ㆍ서상현ㆍ한현섭ㆍ이경준 Buttle LG, Burrells AC, Good JE, Williams PD, Southgate PJ and Burrells C The binding of soybean agglutinin (SBA) to the intestinal epithelium of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed high levels of soybean meal. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 80, Cavins JF, Kwolek WF, Inglett GE and Cowan JC Amino acid analysis of soybean meal: interlaboratory study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 55, Chou RL, Her BY, Su MS, Hwang G, Wu YH and Chen HY Substituting fish meal with soybean meal in diets of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture 229, Day OJ and Plascencia González HG Soybean protein concentrate as a protein source for turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. Aquacult Nutr 6, org/0.046/j x. Deng J, Mai K, Ai Q, Zhang W, Wang X, Xu W and Liufu Z Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate on feed intake and growth of juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture 258, Divakaran S, Leonard GO, and Ian PF Note on the methods for determination of chromic oxide in shrimp feeds. J Agric Food Chem 50, jf02s. Escaffre AM, Zambonino Infante JL, Cahu CL, Mambrini M, Bergot P and Kaushik SJ Nutritional value of soy protein concentrate for larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture 53, S (97) Folch J, Lees M and Sloane-Stanley GH A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226, Francis G, Makkar HPS and Becker K Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture 99, Gatlin III DM, Barrows FT, Brown P, Dabrowski K, Gaylord TG, Hardy RW, Hermen E, Hu G, Krogdahl A, Nelson R, Overturf K, Rust M, Sealey W, Skonberg D, Souza EJ, Stone D, Wilson R and Wurtele E Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquac Res 38, Glencross B, Evans D, Dods K, McCafferty P, Hawkins W, Maas R and Sipsas S Evaluation of the digestible value of lupin and soybean protein concentrates and isolates when fed to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, using either stripping or settlement faecal collection methods. Aquaculture 245, Bell GR Distribution of transaminase (Aminotransferases) in the tissues of the pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus), with emphasis on the properties and diagnostic use of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. J Fish Res Bd Can 25, Hernandez MD, Martínez FJ, Jover M and Garcia Garcia B Effects of partial replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) diet. Aquaculture 263, Leenhouwers JI, Adjei-Boateng D, Verreth JAJ and Schrama JW Digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility and organ weights in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets supplemented with different levels of a soluble non-starch polysaccharide. Aquacult Nutr 2, org/0./j x. Lim SJ and Lee KJ Supplemental iron and phosphorus increase dietary inclusion of cottonseed and soybean meal in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquacult Nutr 4, Mambrini M, Roem AJ, Cravèdi JP, Lallès JP and Kaushik SJ Effects of replacing fishmeal with soy protein concentrate and of DL-methionine supplementation in high-energy, extruded diets on the growth and nutrient utilization of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Anim Sci 77, Médale F, Boujard T, Vallée F, Blanc D, Mambrini M, Roem A and Kaushik SJ Voluntary feed intake, nitrogen and phosphorus losses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed increasing dietary levels of soy protein concentrate. Aquat Living Resour, org/0.06/s (98) Refstie S, Sahlström S, Bråthen E, Baeverfjord G and Krogedal P Lactic acid fermentation eliminates indigestible carbohydrates and antinutritional factors in soybean meal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture 246, Refstie S, Storebakken T, Baeverfjord G and Roem AJ Long-term protein and lipid growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein products at medium or high lipid level. Aquaculture 93, Refstie S, Storebakken T and Roem AJ Feed consumption and conversion in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with fish meal, extracted soybean meal or soybean meal with reduced content of oligosaccharides, trypsin inhibitors, lectins and soya antigens. Aquaculture 62, dx.doi.org/0.06/s (98)

8 Rumsey GL, Siwicki AK, Anderson DP and Bowser PR Effect of soybean protein on serological response, non-specific defense mechanisms, growth, and protein utilization in rainbow trout. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 4, Song Z, Li H, Wang J, Li P, Sun Y and Zhang L Effects of fishmeal replacement with soy protein hydrolysates on growth performance, blood biochemistry, gastrointestinal digestion and muscle composition of juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Aquaculture 427, dx.doi.org/0.06/j.aquaculture Storebakken T, Refstie S and Ruyter B Soy products as fat and protein sources in fish diets for intensive aquaculture. In: Drackley, J. K, Ed. Soy in Animal Nutrition. Federation of Animal Science Societies, Savoy, IL, Watson AM, Buentello A and Place AR Partial replacement of fishmeal, poultry by-productmeal and soy protein concentrate with two non-geneticallymodified soybean cultivars in diets for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture 434, Yang YH, Wang YY, Lu Y and Li QZ. 20. Effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth, feed utilization and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacult Int 9, org/0.007/s y. 산가수분해농축대두박의어분대체효과 83

타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 89.,, ph. (extruding) (steaming). (Lee et al., 203). (Yoon, 20). (Manihot esculenta Crantz),,,. amylose amylopectin (Chee, 986),.

타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 89.,, ph. (extruding) (steaming). (Lee et al., 203). (Yoon, 20). (Manihot esculenta Crantz),,,. amylose amylopectin (Chee, 986),. 한수지 47(6), 88-823, 204 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6),88-823,204 타피오카전분을이용한넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 용고효율배합사료개발 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕 이봉주 한현섭 이경준 김성삼 * 국립수산과학원사료연구센터, 제주대학교해양생명과학과 Development