한수지 52(2), , 2019 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 52(2), ,2019 동 식물성혼합물의사료내어분대체가강도다리 (Platichthys stellatus) 의성장및혈액성상에미치는영향 신승준

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1 한수지 52(2), 34-40, 209 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 52(2),34-40,209 동 식물성혼합물의사료내어분대체가강도다리 (Platichthys stellatus) 의성장및혈액성상에미치는영향 신승준 이태규 이동훈 임성률 양일창 김성삼 2 최정우 김진수 김정대 * 강원대학교동물생명과학대학, 경기도해양수산자원연구소, 2 CJ 제일제당 Effect of Dietary Fish Meal Replacement by a Blend of Plant and Animal Ingredients on the Growth and Blood Chemistry of Starry Flounder Platichthys stellatus Seung-Jun Shin, Tae-Kyu Lee, Dong-Hoon Lee, Seong-Ryul Lim, Il-Chang Yang, Sung-Sam Kim 2, Jung-Woo Choi, Jin-Soo Kim and Jeong-Dae Kim* College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 2434, Korea Gyenoggi Province Maritime and Fisheries Research Institute, Yangpyeong 253, Korea 2 CJ Cheiljedang, Feed & Livestock R&D, Suwon 6495, Korea A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fish meal replacement by a blend of lysine cell mass, corn protein concentrate and poultry by-product meal on the growth and blood chemistry of the starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. The fish meal replacer (FMR) was prepared to have the same level of protein as fish meal (FM). With a commercial diet as a positive control, five experimental diets (basal, FM42, FM32, FM22 and FM2) were formulated to contain 52% protein and 0% lipid. The dietary FM levels decreased from 52% (basal) to 42, 32, 22 and 2% with concomitant increase in the FMR to 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, respectively. Juvenile starry flounder with an average body weight of 77.3 g were randomly distributed in each (30 fish/tank) of 8 plastic tanks ( cm). After a 45-day feeding trial, the survival rate ranged from 95.6% (FM22) to 00% (control and FM42), while the weight gain of the fish groups varied from 49.7 to 58.4 g. The results clearly revealed that starry flounder can grow well on a diet containing low FM (2%) with a high level of FMR (50%) without any adverse effects. Key words: Platichthys stellatus, Fish meal, Fish meal replacer (FMR), Survival rate, Weight gain 서론 (Platichthys stellatus),., 5. 60% (Gatlin et al., 2007; Tacon et al., 20).,. (Olsen and Hasan, 202). (Lim et al., 2008). *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: menzang@gmail.com This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 52(2), 34-40, April 209 Received 4 January 209; Revised 2 February 209; Accepted 9 March 209 저자직위 : 신승준 ( 연구원 ), 이태규 ( 연구원 ), 이동훈 ( 연구사 ), 임성률 ( 연구사 ), 양일창 ( 연구원 ), 김성삼 ( 연구원 ), 최정우 ( 교수 ), 김진수 ( 교수 ), 김정대 ( 교수 ) Copyright 209 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 34 pissn:0374-8, eissn:

2 강도다리사료내어분대체제의첨가효과 35, (Lim et al., 2008; Krogdahl et al., 200; NRC, 20). (Thiesses et al., 2003; Barrows et al., 2007; Burr et al., 202). (Storebakken et al., 2000; Refstie et al., 2006). (Lim et al., 2008; Gaylord and Barrows, 2009). (Burr et al., 202). (EP, extrude pellet). (Lee et al., 2006), (Lee et al., 2003), (Lee et al., 2004) (Park et al., 206)., (lysine cell mass). 재료및방법 실험어및사육조건 2,000., g (mean+sd) 550 L ( cm) mg/l,.6.. % ( 4 ). 2, 45. 실험사료및실험설계 Table Table 2. (fish meal), (soybean meal). (fish oil) (wheat flour). -2 [mono-dicalcium phosphate, Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 H 2 O+CaHPO 4 2H 2 O]. ( Table. Ingredient and chemical composition of the experimental diets Ingredient Fish meal, sardine Basal FM42 FM32 FM22 FM2 Control Closed FMR Soybean meal SPC Wheat flour Lecithin Fish oil Amino acids MDCP Mineral mixture Vitamin. E Choline Vitamin. C Vitamin mixture Mold inhibitor Total Proximate composition (g/00g, as-fed) Moisture Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber Crude ash Pepsin Digestibility Fish meal replacer, a blend of lysine cell-mass (Bioprotam, Daesang Corporation, Korea), corn protein concentrate (Empyreal 75, Cargill, Inc., USA) and poultry-by product meal (Harim Corp., Korea), which were mixed at the ratio of :.5:2.5 to contain the same level of protein as fish meal. 2 Soy Protein Concentrate, Selecta, Brazil. 3 Contain lysine, methionine, tryptophan, betaine and taurine. 4 Mono-, di-calcium phosphate. FM, Fish meal.

3 36 신승준ㆍ이태규ㆍ이동훈ㆍ임성률ㆍ양일창ㆍ김성삼ㆍ최정우ㆍ김진수ㆍ김정대, ) 4 6. 어체측정, 24 (AQUI-S, New Zealand Ltd., Lower Hutt, NZ) (weight gain, %), (survival rate, %), (specific growth rate, %), (daily feed intake, %/average weight/d), (feed conversion rate) (protein efficiency ratio). 일반성분및아미노산분석 5, AOAC (995) (25, 3 ), kjeldahl (N 6.25),. 2 soxtec system 046 (Tacator AB, Sweden) soxhlet. 6 N HCl ninhydrin Table 2. Amino acid profile of the experimental diets Amino acid Basal FM42 FM32 FM22 FM2 Control Aspartic acid Threonine Serine Glutamic acid Proline Glycine Alanine Valine Isoleucine Leucine Tyrosine Phenylalanine Histidine Lysine Arginine Tryptophan Taurine Cystine Methionine Total FM, Fish meal. amino acid Analyzer S433 (SYKAM, German). 혈액성분분석 hematocrit (PCV, %) hemoglobin (Hb, g/ dl), 4, 2,000 rpm, 0 (Centrifuge 545R, Eppendorf Ltd., Germany) (plasma), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, U/L), albumin (ALB, g/dl), glucose (GLU, mg/dl), total cholesterol (TCHO, mg/dl), triglyceride (TG, mg/dl) total protein (TP, g/dl). PCV HAEMA- TOKRIT20 (Hettich Ltd., Germany), Hb (Fuji DRI- CHEM slide, Fuji photo film co. Ltd., Japan) (DRI-CHEM 3500 I, Fujifilm Ltd., Japan).. 통계처리 (,,,,,,, ), SPSS Version 0 (SPSS, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA) (one-way ANOVA). (homogeneity of variance) Cochran s test (Sokal and Rohlf, 995)., Duncan s multiple range test (Duncan, 955). 결과 45 Table 3. (WG, weight gain, %) (P>0.05) (27.80%) g ( ) 58.4 g (FM42, FM32), 95.6% (FM22) 00% (, FM42) (P>0.05). (DFI, daily feed intake) % (SGR, specific growth rate, %).06% FM32.24% (P>0.05). (FCR, feed conversion ratio) FM42 FM2.50,.76 (P>0.05).

4 강도다리사료내어분대체제의첨가효과 37 (PER, protein efficiency ratio) (P>0.05). Table 4, 5. (PCV, %) FM42 FM32, FM22 (P<0.05) (basal) FM2 (P>0.05)., FM32 FM22 (P<0.05) FM32, FM22 (P>0.05). (Hb, g/dl) (P>0.05)., aspartate aminotransferase (AST) U/L, FM32, FM22 (P<0.05), FM42 FM2 (P>0.05)., FM42 FM22 (P<0.05), FM32, FM22 (P>0.05). alanine aminotransferase (ALT) U/L FM32, FM22 (P<0.05), FM42 FM2 (P>0.05)., FM42 FM22 (P<0.05), FM32, FM22 Table 3. Growth performance of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus fed the experimental diets for 45 days WG Diet In.wt (g/f) 2 Fin.wt (g/f) 3 % 4 g/fish 5 Survival 6 DFI 7 SGR 8 FCR 9 PER 0 Basal 76.89±3.3 ns 23.7±5.0 ns 30.68±.34 ns 54.28±2.70 ns 96.67±3.33 ns.05±0.0 ns.6±0.05 ns.62±0.08 ns.09±0.95 ns FM ± ± ± ± ± ±0.0.23± ±0.09.7±0.3 FM ± ± ± ± ±.93.04±0.0.24± ±0.2.5±0.6 FM22 77.± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.04.5±0.06.5±0.07 FM2 75.± ± ± ± ±..03± ± ±0.04.5±0.05 Control 78.22± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.08 Values (means±se of the triplicate replications) in the same column with the same superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05); ns, nonsignificant. 2 Initial weight, g/fish. 3 Final weight, g/fish. 4 Weight gain (%)=(final weight-initial weight)/final weight Weight gain (g/fish)=final weight-initial weight. 6 Survival rate (%)=final fish number/initial fish number Daily Feed intake (%/av. bw/d)=feed intake (as-is)/[(initial body weight+final body weight)/2]/ Specific growth rate (%/d)=[ln(final wt)-ln(initial weight)]/experimental days Feed conversion ratio=dry feed intake/wet weight gain. 0 Protein efficiency ratio=weight gain/protein intake. FM, Fish meal. Table 4. Haematological characteristics of juvenile starry flounder Platichthys stellatus fed the experimental diets for 45 days Parameters Basal FM42 FM32 FM22 FM2 Control PCV (%) ±.7 ab 29.0±2.4 a 20.7±.3 d 22.5±0.5 cd 25.7±.0 abc 24.0±.3 bcd Hb (g/dl) 3 5.6± ± ±0. 5.0±0. 5.2±0. 5.2±0. ns Values (means±se of the triplicate replications) in the same row with the same superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05). 2 Hematocrit. 3 Hemoglobin. FM, Fish meal. Table 5. Blood plasma parameters of juvenile starry flounder Platichthys stellatus fed the experimental diets for 45 days Parameters Basal FM42 FM32 FM22 FM2 Control AST 2 3.2±0.7 a 29.7±.0 ab 27.0±0.7 bc 25.8±.2 c 30.3±0.7 a 27.3±.3 bc ALT ±3.5 a 99.2±3.8 ab 94.3±2.9 bc 80.2±3.7 d 98.7±4.0 ab 85.0±3.7 cd ALB 4 0.9±0. a 0.8±0. ab 0.7±0. b 0.7±0. b 0.8±0. ab 0.8±0. ab GLU ±2.5 a 79.0±2.8 ab 60.5±3.6 c 60.2±3.9 c 66.8±4. c 69.2±4.4 bc TCHO ±8.7 a 203.7±4.2 b 82.8±5.7 b 89.2±6.6 b 200.5±4.6 b 202.3±2.5 b TG ±4.9 a 5.0±4.8 b 07.8±2.7 c.8±4.0 ab.3±2. b 08.5±.2 b TP 8 4.2±0. a 3.8±0. bc 3.6±0. c 3.7±0. c 4.±0. ab 3.8±0. bc Values (means±se of the triplicate replications) in the same row with the same superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05); ns, nonsignificant. 2 Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L. 3 Alanine aminotransferase, U/L. 4 Albumin, g/dl. 5 Glucose, mg/dl. 6 Total cholesterol, mg/dl. 7 Triglyceride, mg/dl. 8 Total protein, g/dl. FM, Fish meal.

5 38 신승준ㆍ이태규ㆍ이동훈ㆍ임성률ㆍ양일창ㆍ김성삼ㆍ최정우ㆍ김진수ㆍ김정대 (P>0.05). (ALB, albumin) g/dl FM32, FM22 (P<0.05), FM42, FM2 (P>0.05)., (P>0.05). (GLU, glucose) mg/dl FM32, FM22, FM2 (P<0.05), FM42 (P>0.05)., FM42 FM32, FM22 FM2 (P<0.05), FM32, FM22, FM2 (P>0.05). (TCHO, total cholesterol) mg/dl (P<0.05), (P>0.05). (TG, triglyceride) mg/dl FM42, FM32, FM2 (P<0.05), FM22 (P>0.05). (TP, total protein) g/ dl FM42, FM32, FM22 (P<0.05), FM2 (P>0.05). Table 6, (P>0.05). 고찰 40-60%, (Karapanagiotidis, 204). (CPC, corn protein concentrate) wet-milling (endosperm), LCM (lysine cell mass) Corynebacterium, (PBPM, poultry by-product meal),. Burr et al. (202) ( 3.5 g) CPC 27.3%, 38.6%,. Yu et al. (203) (Litopenaeus vannamei) 2% CPC,,. Khalifa et al. (208) 20% 4.5%, 9.3% 0% CPC 5%, 0% 9% 8,.5 g 3. g ( ), 2.5 g (CPC 5% ) 2.4 g (CPC 0% ), CPC 9% 0. g. LCM,. LCM (ammonium sulfate), (crude protein) 68.6%, 0.4% LCM. Wang et al. (2004) (Sebastes schlegeli) LCM (BASF Ltd.) 0%, LCM 70% 0.07%. (SCP, single cell protein) (yeast), (algae), SCP 970. (algae), (yeast). SCP Table 6. Muscle composition of juvenile starry flounder Platichthys stellatus fed the experimental diets for 45 days Composition Diet Basal FM42 FM32 FM22 FM2 Control Moisture 76.26± ± ± ± ± ±0.07 ns Crude fat 3.± ± ± ± ± ±0.25 ns Crude protein 9.59± ± ± ± ± ±0.22 ns Values (means±se of the triplicate replications) in the same row with the same superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05); ns, nonsignificant. FM, Fish meal.

6 강도다리사료내어분대체제의첨가효과 39 (Francis et al., 200; Refstie et al., 2005)., LCM. (PBPM) 64.8%, 2.99%,,, 0.93, % PBPM., ( 5.66 g) 70% (Song et al., 204). LCM, CPC PBPM (FMR) (Table ), (basal) 52% FMR 0%, FM2 2% FMR 50%, 40% FMR 40%. Table 3 Table 6 FMR 0% (basal) 50% (FM2), (control group), FMR. (,, )., Ding et al. (200) 45%, 0% TP, TG TCHO 2, Park et al. (206) AST ALT U/L, ALT (Table 5). Lee et al. (2003).9 g 0 AST U/L, ALT 9-97 U/L.., EP. FMR, FMR. 사사 207 ( : ), ( : ) ( : ). References AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) Official Methods of Analysis. 6th ed. Arlington, VA, U.S.A. Barrows FT, Gaylord TG, Stone DAJ and Smith CE Effect of protein source and nutrient density on growth efficiency, histology, and plasma amino acid concentration of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac Res 38, Burr GS, Wolters WR, Barrows FT and Hardy RW Replacing fishmeal with blends of alternative proteins on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and early or late stage juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture , org/0.06/j.aquaculture Ding L, Zhang L, Wang J, Ma J, Meng X, Duan P, Sun L and Sun Y Effect of dietary lipid level on the growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and blood chemistry of juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Aquac Res 4, Duncan DB Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, -42. Francis G, Makkar HP and Becker K Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture 99, doi.org/0.06/s (0) Gatlin DM, Barrows FT, Brown P, Dabrowski K, Gaylord TG, Hardy RW, Herman E, Hu G, Krogdahl Å, Nelson R, Overturf K, Rust M, Sealey W, Skonberg D, Souza EJ, Stone D, Wilson R and Wurztel E Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquac Res 38, Gaylord TG and Barrows FT Multiple amino acid supplementation to reduce dietary protein in plant-based rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, feeds. Aquaculture 287,

7 40 신승준ㆍ이태규ㆍ이동훈ㆍ임성률ㆍ양일창ㆍ김성삼ㆍ최정우ㆍ김진수ㆍ김정대 Karapanagiotidis IT The re-authorization of nonruminant processed animal proteins in European aqua feeds. Fish Aquac J 5, e e. Khalifa NSA, Belal IEH, El-Tarabily KA, Tariq S and Kassab AA Evaluation of replacing fish meal with corn protein concentrate in Nile tilapia Orechromis niloticus fingerlings commercial diets. Aquaculture Nutr 24, anu Krogdahl A, Penn MH, Thorsen J, Refstie S and Bakke AM Important antinutrients in plant feedstuffs for aquaculture: An update on recent findings regarding responses in salmonids. Aquac Res 4, j x. Lee JH, Cho SH, Lim HK, Kim KD and Lee SM Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of adult starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). J Fish Sci Tech 7, doi.org/0.5657/fas Lee SM, Lee JH and Kim KD Effect of dietary fatty acids on growth, body composition and blood chemistry of juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Aquaculture 225, Lee SM, Lee JH, Kim KD and Cho SH Optimum dietary protein for growth of juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus. J World Aquacult Soc 37, Lim C, Webster CD and Lee CS Alternative protein sources in aquaculture diets. The Haworth Press, New York, NY, U.S.A. NRC (National Research Council). 20. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. National Academy Press, Washington DC, U.S.A. Olsen RL and Hasan MR A limited supply of fishmeal: impact on future increases in global aquaculture production. Trends Food Sci Technol 27, org/0.06/j.tifs Park S, Kim JW, Kim PK and Jeon JK Growth performance and blood chemistry of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus fed extruded and moist pellet. K J Environ Biol 34, Refstie S, Bakke-McKellep AM, Penn MH, Sundby A, Shearer KD and Krogdahl A Capacity for digestive hydrolysis and amino acid absorption in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with soybean meal or inulin with or without addition of antibiotics. Aquaculture 26, doi.org/0.06/j.aquaculture Refstie S, Sahlström S, Bråthen E, Baeverfjord G and Krogedal P Lactic acid fermentation eliminates indigestible carbohydrates and antinutritional factors in soybean meal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture 246, Sokal RR and Rohlf FJ Biometry: Nested analysis of variance. In: Biometry. Freeman WH. 3 rd ed. New York, NY,U.S.A., Song Z, Li H, Wang J, Li P, Sun Y and Zhang L Effects of fishmeal replacement with soy protein hydrolysates on growth performance, blood biochemistry, gastrointestinal digestion and muscle composition of juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Aquaculture 427, dx.doi.org/0.06/j.aquaculture Storebakken T, Shearer KD, Baeverfjord G, Nielsen BG, Åsgård T, Scott T and De Laporte A Digestibility of macronutrients, energy and amino acids, absorption of elements and absence of intestinal enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, fed diets with wheat gluten. Aquaculture 84, Tacon AGJ, Hassan MR and Metian M. 20. Demand and supply of feed ingredients for farmed fish and crustaceans. Trends and prospects. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Papers 564. FAO, Rome, Italy. Thiesses DL, Campbell GL and Adelizi PD Digestibility and growth performance of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchys mykiss) fed with pea and canola products. Aquac Nut 9, Wang X, Kim KW, Choi SM, Lee HS and Bai SC Evaluation of lysine cell mass as a dietary fishmeal replacer for juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. J Aquaculture 7, Yu D, Fang X, Zhou Y, Rhodes M and Davis DA Use of corn protein concentrates in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp. XII Simposio Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola/XII International Symposium on Aquaculture Nutrition. División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Villahermosa Tabasco, Mexico. Del 20 al 22 de Noviembre de 203, 06-2.

한수지 47(6), , 2014 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6), ,2014 배합사료및습사료공급에따른넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 의성장및어체성분비교 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕

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