THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 28(7),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 28(7), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) Spectrum Policy and Technologies for Promoting Services 김영수 박덕규 송경민 Young-Soo Kim Duk-Kyu Park* Kyeong-Min Song** 요약 4, MHz.,. Abstract Since is expected to enable hyper-connected society to be realized with the advent of the 4 th Industrial Revolution, many advanced foreign countries as well as United Kingdom identified spectrum policy as one of the first priority in spectrum management in order to cope with the frequency demands required for the promotion of service. In Korea, the frequencies of 110 MHz bandwidth has been also supplied additionaly for in July 2016 in order to activate a promising new industry based on wireless communication, which has great potential for future industrial growth. Therefore, in this paper, we propose spectrum policy and the research and innovation trends on to promote industry by analyzing the major communication network, the key challenge technologies and the spectrum policy framework of foreign countries. Key words : Technology, Research and Development, LPWAN, Spectrum Policy. 서론 IT,,,,. (), [1]. Verizon ,000, Gartner [2].,. (Department of Electronic Engineering, KyungHee University) * (Department of Information Engineering, Mokwon University) **( ) (WIBTEL) Manuscript received May 8, 2017 ; Revised June 19, 2017 ; Accepted July 4, (ID No S) Corresponding Author: Duk-Kyu Park ( parkdk@mokwon.ac.kr) 528 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

2 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification),,, ATM(Automated Teller Machine),,, P&G Kevin Ashton,, 2005 (ITU).,, ITU. IERC(European Research Cloud on ), /.,,, (, ),,,,.,,,, IERC /,,., 4, /,,,.,.,.,, LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network),, 800 MHz,.. 주요요소기술및무선통신표준 2-1 구성기술요소 2014,,,,, (,, ),, (,,, ) [3]. 1,,, [4]. /,,,. MCU(Microprocessor Control Unit) 529

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul. 2017. 표 1. 10 [5] Table 1. The top 10 technologies [5]. 그림 1. Fig. 1. Components of system.

3 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul 표 [5] Table 1. The top 10 technologies [5]. 그림 1. Fig. 1. Components of system..,,,, M2M(Machine-to-Machine),., /,,,, / APIs(Application Programming Interfaces).,.,,,,,,. Gartner 10, 무선통신네트워크기술, 2 Technology security analytics device management Low-power short-range networks LPWAN processors operating systems Event stream processing platforms standards and ecosystems Key contents - Due to HW and SW advances security is a fast-evolving area through 2021 and the skills shortage today will only accelerate. - It is expected that the companies adopting are investing in these areas. - Require new algorithms, architectures, data structres and approaches to machine learning - Significant innovation will result from the challenge of enabling technologies that are context, location, and state-aware while at the same time consistent with data and knowledge taxonomies. - Low-power short-range networks will dominate wireless connectivity through 2025, far outnumbering connections using wide-area networks. - LPWAN aim is to deliver data rates from hundreds of bits per second(bps) to tens of kilobits pet second(kbps) with nationwide coverage, a battery life of up to 10 years, an endpoint hardware cost of around $5, and support for hundreds of thousands of devices connected to a base station or its equivalent. - Low-end 8-bit microprocessors will dominate the through 2019 and shipments of 32-bit microprocessors will overtake the 8-bit devices by A wide range of -specific operating systems with minimal and small footprint will gain momentum in through 2020 as traditional largr-scale operating systems including Windows and ios are too complex and resource-intensive for the majority of applications. - Systems creating tens of thousands of events per second are common, and millions of events per second can occur in some telecom and telemetry situatiions. - They typically use parallel architectures to process very high-rate data streams to perform tasks such as real-time analytics and pattern recogniotion. - Low-level device control and operations - data acquisition, transformation and management - application development, including event-driven logic, application programming, visualization, analytics and adapters to connect to enterprise systems. - Standards and their associated APIs will be essential because devices will need to interoperate and communicate. 530

4 표 2. Bluetooth Bluetooth LE Table 2. Comparison between Bluetooth and Bluetooth LE. 그림 2. [6] Fig. 2. Typical network architecture of [6].., 근거리 통신 Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, SUN(Smart Utility Network) IEEE WLAN,. Bluetooth 1:1, IEEE , Bluetooth 2.0 Special Interest Group (SIG). Bluetooth(v2.1) Bluetooth LE(v4.0), Bluetooth 4.1, 2014 Bluetooth v4.2. ISM MHz, 1 MHz 79, v4.0 2 MHz Bluetooth LE. ZigBee IEEE , 2.4 GHz 250 kbps. ZigBee Zig- Bee Bluetooth Bluetooth LE Max. distance/range 100 m > 100 m Over the air data rate 1 3 Mbps 1 Mbps Application throughput Mbps 0.27 Mbps Latency 100 ms 6 ms Total time to send data 100 ms < 3 ms Voice capable Yes No Power consumption 30 ma 15 ma Max output power 20 dbm 10 dbm. PSK,. Z-wave, (Mesh) ( 4 ). 900 MHz 100 kbps Wi-Fi. Zigbee. LGU SUN,,. ISM MHz( ), kbps, 1 km IEEE g( ). WLAN AP(Access Point). 3 IEEE WLAN 장거리 통신,, 531

5 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul , 표 3. WLAN Table 3. Technical comparisoon of WLAN. Frequency band Channel bandwidth Maximum data rate Key technology b 2.4 GHz 5 MHz 11 Mbps DS a 5 GHz 20 MHz 54 Mbps OFDM n 2.4/5 GHz 20/40 MHz 600 Mbps ac 5 GHz only 20/40/80/160/ MHz 6.9 Gbps ad 60 GHz 2.16 GHz 6.7 Gbps af ah TV white space (54 72, 76 88, , MHz) TV white space ( MHz) 6/12/24/6+6/ MHz 1/2/4/8/16 MHz 384 Mbps Mbps OFDM, MIMO MU- MIMO Directional antenna 3GPP NB-(NarrowBand-),,,, LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network) Weightless, LoRa, SigFox 1 GHz IEEE ah. 4 LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network). 5 3 GPP, NB-. NB-(Narrowband ) LTE LTE, 200 kbps 기기간통신 Wi-Fi Direct LTE Direct. Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct Wi-Fi.,, Wi-Fi Direct P2P(Point-to-Point) 표 4. LPWAN [7] Table 4. Comparison of LPWAN [7]. Name of standard Weightless-P IEEE ah (LP WiFi) SigFox LoRa Network architecture Star Star, Tree Star Star Frequency band Under 1 GHz ISM Band Under 1 GHz unlicensed band except TVWS 868/902 MHz ISM 433/868/780/915 MHz ISM Modulation type GMSK(UNB)/no Chirp FM + spread spectrum Channel bandwidth 12.5 khz 1/2/4/8/16 MHz UNB(ultra narrowband) EU: khz, US: khz DL/UL data rate End node transmit power kbps 150 kbps Mbps 100 bps 140 messages/day EU: 300 bps 50 kbps US: 900 bps 100 kbps 17 dbm 1 mw 1 W 10 uw 100 mw EU: <+14 dbm, US: <+27 dbm Adaptive rate Yes Yes No Yes Range 2 km(urban) Up to 1 km(outdoor) 3 10 km(urban) 2 5 km(urban), 15 km(rural) Node roaming Yes Yes Yes Yes Governing body Weightless SIG IEEE WG SigFox LoRa Alliance 532

6 표 5. 3GPP Table 5. Comparison of 3GPP communication network. DL/UL maximum data rate Rel 8 Rel 12 Rel 13('16.3) Rel 13('16.6) CAT-1 CAT-0 CAT-M NB- 10 Mbps/ 5 Mbps 1 Mbps/ 1 Mbps 1 Mbps/ 1 Mbps 200 kbps/ 200 kbps MIMO 2 2 No No No DL/UL duplex Bandwidth (MHz) UE maximum transmit power(dbm) Subcarrier spacing(khz) LTE compatibility Frequency band Full FDD 20 Half FDD 20/100 RB Half FDD 1.4 (6RB) Half FDD DL 15 UL 3.5,15 Yes Yes Yes No LTE inband LTE inband LTE inband LTE inband or guardband Chipset Cost 100 % % 25 % % Coverage gain 0 db 0 db. Above 15 db Above 20 db LTE Direct, 500 m 1 km LTE.,. / /, (,, ), / /,,,,,,,,,,, LPWAN. 3-2 연구개발방향,, -.,,, [7].., Software-Defined-Network(SDN),, /.,,,,.,,. 3. 통신네트워크및기술개발방향 3-1 통신기술발전방향. LTE-A. 그림 3. Fig. 3. Future challenge for research and development. 533

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul. 2017. R&D,,,.

Ofcom 5. VHF, 55.75625 60 MHz, 62.75625 64.8 MHz, 64.8875 66.2 MHz 7.6 MHz. 6 VHF.., Wi-Fi 그림 4.

7 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul R&D,,,.. 외국의 스펙트럼정책 4-1 영국 Ofcom, ,. [6] 스펙트럼수요에미치는요소와주파수분배 PC, Ofcom. 4 4.,. i), ii) QoS, iii). Ofcom 5. VHF, MHz, MHz, MHz 7.6 MHz. 6 VHF.., Wi-Fi 그림 4. 4 [6] Fig. 4. Four priority themes in Ofcom spectrum management policy [6]. 그림 5. [6] Fig. 5. Framework for considering spectrum requirements for the [6]. 534

8 그림 6. VHF [6] Fig. 6. VHF wireless link for service [6].., Wi-Fi IEEE ah..,.,. 870 MHz,..,, Ofcom 주파수정책 Ofcom. kbytes Ofcom,.,, Ofcom MHz MHz, MHz High duty cycle network light license. Ofcom 4G 800 MHz 3G 4G 2 GHz. Ofcom. i) 700 MHz ii) 1 GHz iii) MHz 1 GHz. 700 MHz 1 GHz 미국. FCC PAN/LAN,. / 535

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul. 2017.. [8]. FSS(Fixed Satellite Service) S, C, Ku. 4-3 일본. 2020,., 2016 7 2020 [9].

9 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul [8]. FSS(Fixed Satellite Service) S, C, Ku. 4-3 일본. 2020,., [9].. /Bigdata,,,,, AI,,,,, ,, , 5 (5G) ITS( ) Cloud ICT 5G, 9 3, 9, G. 4G, 5G,, G. 9, 5G., 9 5G 5G,, Ultra-broadband, Wireless, ITS 3. LTE( 4 ) 100 (10 Gbps), LTE 1 (1 km ), 1 ms. 8, 3 3., 그림 7. [9] Fig. 7. Project for next-generation mobile service implementaion [9]. 536

KTP 2017 2 5 MHz 2 3 MHz, MVNO 2019 6 2 2 MHz. 2019 800 MHz 2 10 MHz.. - V/UHF, 800 MHz. - 800 MHz ( ), HDC(High Duty Cycle) Light Licensing.

10 그림 8. 9 [9] Fig. 8. Nine promotion models [9]. Vendor,,. 5G, ICT. 3GPP SigFox, LoRa NB- emtc(enhanced Machine Type Communication)., NB- emtc [10].. 국내 주파수정책제안 PC MHz, 2.4 GHz ISM 5 GHz 680 MHz.,, ( : ) V/UHF. V/UHF 800 MHz, 800 MHz 700 MHz 700 MHz (2 5 MHz ), MHz, KTP MHz 2 3 MHz, MVNO MHz MHz 2 10 MHz.. - V/UHF, 800 MHz MHz ( ), HDC(High Duty Cycle) Light Licensing MHz. - 1 GHz. - LPWAN 1 GHz Light Licensing ( :, Duty Cycle). - ( : ISM, TVWS, ). 그림 MHz Fig. 9. Proposed 800 MHz band plan for service. 537

11 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul Wi-Fi, Bluetooth ZigBee,,. -,,. -.. 결론,,, LPWAN.,. 800 MHz, Light Licensing. LPWAN 1 GHz Light Licensing TVWS. References [1], ", ", IT & Future Strategy, [2] Gartner, "Harness innovation to generate business value share", Oct [3] KT, " ", ICT, [4] ETRI, " ", [5] Gartner Identies the Top 10 Technologies for 2017 and 2018, online at [6] Ofcom, "Promoting investment and innovation in the internet of things summary of responses and next steps", Ofcom, Jan [7] Ovidiu Vermesan and Peter Priess, Digitizing Industry the Connecting the Physical, Digital and Virtual Worlds, River Publishers, [8] FCC, "How will impact communications networks in 5, 10 years?", Technical Advisory Committee, Oct [9] 2020,, www. soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/kenkyu/denpa2020/02kiban09_ html [10],, p1.pdf

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THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method