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1 증례 J Korean Neurol Assoc / Volume 24 / August, 2006 선행성기억상실을주증상으로나타낸신경베체트씨병 1 예 동아대학교의과대학신경과학교실 A Case of Neuro-Behcet's Disease Presenting as Anterograde Amnesia Jung Hwa Seo, M.D., Go-Un Yun, M.D., Min Jeong Park, M.D., Kyung Won Park, M.D., Jae Woo Kim, M.D. Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea Anterograde amnesia in Behcet's disease is a rare occurrence. A 50-year-old man presented with anterograde amnesia. He had been suffering multiple oral aphthous ulcers and genital ulcers with erythema nodosum. A neurological examination revealed prominent anterograde memory disturbance. Brain MRI revealed high signal intensity lesions involving the anterior thalamus, posterior part of the basal ganglia and the mesial temporal lobe. We report a rare case of Behcet's disease manifesting severe anterograde amnesia resulting from thalamic and mesial temporal lesions. J Korean Neurol Assoc 24(4): , 2006 Key Words: Neuro-Behcet's disease, Anterograde amnesia 베체트병은여러장기를침범할수있는원인불명의전신성면역관련질환이다 년터키의피부과의사인 Behcet 에의해처음으로기술되었고현재는혈관염 (vasculitis) 이베체트병의주병리기전으로알려져있다. 1 베체트병에의한혈관염은모든종류의혈관을침범할수있어호흡기계, 소화기계, 비뇨기계및신경계증상등의매우다양한임상양상을보일수있다. 일부에서재발성구강및외음부궤양, 포도막염의 3대증상군외에다양한신경학적인증상을보일수있다. 중추신경계를침범할경우에뇌간및기저핵, 시상, 대뇌반구, 소뇌, 척수등의순서로다발성의혈관염증성병변을만들수있다. 2 신경베체트병의증상으로국내에서는추체로증상, 두통, 소뇌실조, 감각이상, 두개뇌압항진, 안구운동이상등이보고되었고 2 위의증상외에도횡단성척수염, 3 일과성전기억상실, 4 무균성뇌막염, 5 정서적동요, 가성종양및경련등이보고되었으나심한선 Received August 20, 2005 Accepted March 13, 2006 *Kyung Won Park, M.D. Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University 1 Dongdaesin-dong 3-ga, Seo-gu, Busan, , Korea Tel: Fax: neuropark@dau.ac.kr 행성기억상실 (anterograde amnesia) 을주증상으로나타낸신경베체트병의보고는국내에서는없고, 전세계적으로드문것으로알려져있다. 저자들은임상적으로심한선행성기억장애와함께다발성의인지기능저하를나타내면서양측시상과내측측두엽에혈관염증성병변을가진신경베체트병 1예를보고하고자한다. 증례 50세남자환자가수일전부터갑자기생긴심한기억장애를주증상으로응급실을내원하였다. 환자는평소건강하게지냈으며차량으로학생들을실어주는일을하였다. 응급실내원당일아침, 부인이신장이안좋아서병원에입원하고있었는데딸에게 엄마어디갔느냐? 며찾았고, 부인의휴대폰번호를기억하지못하였다. 병원에있는부인에게전화를해서는어디있느냐, 어느병원에있냐고물었고환자의친구들이부인안부를물으면입원해있는것을기억하지못하고집에잘있다고하였다. 내원당일아침이일요일임에도학생들을태워주러가야한다하였고, 몇시간후에다시학생들을데리러가야한다 J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4,

2 며집을나서려했다. 오후에부인이입원해있는병원에와서는환자의집근처에있는처갓집이어딘지전혀몰랐고, 위치를설명해주고보냈는데처가로가지않고도중에다시학생들실으러가는등당일세번이나학교에갔다고한다. 평소차량으로운행하던코스를혼동하였고이전에유치원차량을운행한사실을기억하지못하였다. 내원시환자는십분전의일을기억하지못하였으며자신이왜입원하고있는지, 누가병문안을왔다갔는지돌아서면잊어버렸다. 그러나취학전, 초등학교그리고중고등학교시절과초기성인기, 이전직업이나결혼과관련된기억은거의유지하고있었다. 이같은증상이시작되기이전에는기억력에아무런장애가없었고일상생활활동도정상이었다. 과거력에서최종학력은 Figure 1. Biopsy findings on genital ulcerative lesion show chronic ulcer with underlying vasculitis and intradermal lymphocytic infiltration 고등학교중퇴였고평소학생통학차량을운전하고있었다. 오른손잡이로이전에특이병력은없었고소량의음주를간헐적으로하였다. 가족력에서특이병력은없었다. 내원시의생체징후는정상이었고신체검사상재발성아프타성구내궤양및외음부궤양이관찰되었고양하지의결절성홍반이관찰되었다. 이병변은전부터수차례호전과악화를반복하였다. 신경학적검사상에서는기억력의장애를제외한특이소견은없었다. 혈액검사상일반혈액검사및화학검사, 전해질검사, 소변검사에서도정상이었고혈청학적검사상 VDRL/ TPHA/Anti-HIV 는음성이었다. 이외에도갑상선기능검사및비타민 B12 와엽산검사에서정상이었다. 내원당일한국판간이정신상태검사 (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination,K-MMSE) 를시행하였는데시간지남력이 2/5 로감소되어있었고기억회상이 1/3 로총점 25/30 점으로떨어져있었다. Pathergy test 는음성이었고 HLA typing 에서 HLA B51 양성이었다. 뇌척수액검사상백혈구 30/mm 3, 단백질 43 mg/dl, 뇌척수액포도당 65 mg/dl, 혈청포도당 94 mg/dl 였다. 외음부병변의조직검사상림프구의침윤및기저의혈관염을동반한만성궤양소견이관찰되었다 (Fig. 1). 뇌자기공명영상에서는 T2 강조영상에서양쪽시상과왼쪽내측측두엽에서고신호강도가관찰되었고조영증강 T1 강조영상에서왼쪽시상병변이부분적으로조영되었다 (Fig. 2-A). 뇌파검사는정상이었다. 인지기능의저하를자세히알아보기위하여서울신경심리검사를실시하였다. 언어기억력검사에서자유회상은정상이었으나 20분지연회상에서는하나도기억하지못하였고, 재인검사에서도낮은수행을보였다. 시각기억력검사에서즉각회상 A B Figure 2. T1-weighted enhance and FLAIR MR images of the patient. Initial Brain MR images (A) reveal high signal intensity lesions in both anterior thalamus and left basal ganglia with small nodular rim enhancement. Follow-up Brain MR images (B) show nearly resolved state compared with initial MRI findings. 368 J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4, 2006

3 선행성기억상실을주증상으로나타낸신경베체트씨병 1 예 Table 1. Results of neuropsychological test Neuropsychological test Attention Digit span (forward, backward) Latter cancellation 7,4 9,5 7,7 Language & Related function Spontaneous speech Auditory comprehension Repetition Naming, K-BNT (percentile) Reading Writing Praxis Finger naming Right-Left orientation Calculation Body part identification 51 (75%ile) 54 (90%ile) 54/60 (90%ile) Visuospatial function Interlocking pentagon Rey CFT copy 36/36 36/36 34/36 Memory Orientation (time, place) 3 word registration, recall Hopkins verbal learning test Free recall (1st, 2nd, 3rd trial) 20 minutes delayed recall Discrimination index (TP-FP) Rey CFT copy Immediate recall 20 minutes delayed recall Discrimination index (TP-FP) 2,5 3, = (1-0) (5-2) 2,5 3, = (4-0) (6-0) 3,5 3, = (7-1) (4-2) Frontal/Executive function Contrasting program Go-No-Go test Fist-edge-palm Alternation hand movement Alternating square & triangle Luria loop Word fluency Animal, supermarket item Phonemic item (ᄀ,ᄋ,ᄉ) Stroop Letter reading/color reading 9,9 10 / 8 / / 77 10,10 6/9/4 112 / ,10 8/7/9 112 / 105 K-MMSE 25 / / / 30 K-BNT; Korean version of boston naming test, TP; true positive, FP; false positive, N/A; test was not possible, Rey CFT; rey complex figure test 과지연회상에서는 1%ile 미만으로매우낮았다. 그이외집중력, 시공간능력과전두엽및집행능력에는정상적인수행을보였다 (Table 1). 오지영등이역행성기억검사를위한도구로소개한유명사건기억회상검사 8 에서는총 30항목중 25항목을맞추어서역행성기억력 (retrograde memory) 은비교적유지되어있다고판단하였다. 환자의신경심리검사결과를요약하면 새로운사실과자극을기억하는선행성언어및시각기억력의심한장애소견이특징적으로관찰되었다. 이상의임상적소견과뇌척수액검사및신경방사선학적소견그리고조직검사등을종합하여신경베체트병으로진단하고스테로이드투여요법을시행하였다. 이후심한기억력장애는임상적으로서서히호전을보였으 J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4,

4 나병전상태까지는회복되지않았다. 약 2개월후에시행한추적신경심리검사에서는간이정신상태검사와시각기억력및언어기억력이이전과비교해서의미있는호전소견을보였다. 그리고약 5개월후추적검사에서는두번째검사에비해서간이정신상태검사, KMMSE 28/30 점으로관찰되었고시각기억력은두드러지게호전되었으나, 이에반해언어기억력의장애는여전히남아있었다 (Table 1). 5개월뒤에시행한뇌자기공명영상추적검사에서는왼쪽시상병변의일부에서만 T2 강조영상에서고신호강도가관찰되었고조영증강 T1 강조영상에서는이상소견이관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 2-B). 고찰 베체트병은피부과질환으로먼저기술되었지만, 병의이환율및사망의원인으로는신경학적, 혈관성혹은안과적질환이대부분이다. 이중베체트병의신경학적증상은일반적으로전신증상의발현후 4~6 년뒤에발생하는것으로알려져있으며일부에서는신경학적증상이먼저시작되는경우가보고되었다. 6 신경학적증상중중추신경계증상은 5~10% 에서발생할수있고뇌자기공명영상에서흔한침범부위는간뇌, 기저핵, 중뇌, 교뇌, 시상, 피질하백질, 내포, 대뇌피질의순이며일부에서는척수를침범하는경우도보고되었다. 3 이의병리적소견으로는혈관염, 뇌실주위백질의염증과탈수초양상이다. 본증례의환자는갑자기발생한기억장애를주증상으로내원하였으나뇌자기공명영상에서일반적인뇌졸중병변과달리양측시상병변이발견되었고, T1강조영상에서시상내부분적인조영증강소견이관찰되어염증성병변임을확인할수있었다. 또한재발성구내궤양의병력과함께신체검사에서특이아프타성구내궤양과외음부궤양이관찰되었고하지의결절성홍반이동반되어있어서신경베체트병으로진단하는데문제가없었다. 그러나기존에보고된국내논문에서는신경베체트병으로인한심한기억장애특히선행성기억력만특이하게떨어진경우는보고된바없고, 자세한신경심리검사와뇌영상검사그리고병리소견을함께기술한예는없었다. 신경베체트병 200 예를대상으로한연구논문은중추신경계실질의병변에의한추체로증상, 반신마비, 행동장애와괄약근장애가매우흔한것으로보고하고있으며, 일부에서는비실질성중추신경계병변 (nonparenchymal involvement) 으로인한뇌혈전증에의한뇌압상승증상도보고하고있다. 1 이중인지기능장애증상으로서가장흔하고심각한증상은기억장애로서인지기능장애가있었던대부분의예에서동반되었고 70% 이상은중등도이상의장애를 보였다. 언어와시각영역에서기억회상능력과학습능력이비슷한정도로감소되어있었다. 기억력장애다음으로흔한증상은집중력장애와더불어전두엽기능장애의순으로나타났다. 그외의인지기능장애는드물었고지남력, 언어, 계산능력및시공간집중력기능은대부분정상이었다고보고하였다. 1 또다른연구에서는인지장애를보이는신경베체트병환자를대상으로자세한신경심리검사를시행하여분석한결과, 여러가지신경학적이상소견을동반하면서전두엽기능장애와함께기억력장애특히언어및시각기억력의지연회상결손이두드러진다고보고하고있다. 7 본증례의환자에서도기존연구의결과와비슷한인지기능장애형태를보였다. 그러나본증례에서는국소신경학적이상소견의동반없이심한기억력장애를보였고특히역행성기억상실은거의없이선행성기억상실이두드러지게관찰된것이기존연구와가장구별되는차이점이라고할수있다. 또한스테로이드요법에반응이비교적좋아서인지기능장애가수개월에걸쳐호전을보이고있음을확인할수있었다. 본증례에서역행성기억상실은거의없이심한선행성기억상실만을보인것은측두엽이나전두엽의신피질 (neocortex) 에직접적인손상이없이, 좌측내측두엽병변으로인한해마부위의직접적인손상과더불어양측시상의염증성병변으로인해해마, 뇌궁, 유두체, 유두- 시상로, 대상회 (cingulate gyrus) 를통해시상의전핵에이르는 Papez 회로가단절됨으로인해야기된것으로생각된다. 특히질병초기에시각및언어적기억력이동시에떨어진것은양측시상병변에의한것으로생각할수있다. 그리고우측시상병변의호전으로인해시각기억력은회복을보였으나, 남아있는좌측병변의영향으로인해언어기억력은추적검사시완전한호전을보이지않은것으로추정된다. REFERENCES 1. Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P, Tasçi B and the Neuro-Behçet Study Group. Clinical patterns of neurological involvement in Behçet's disease: evaluation of 200 patients. Brain 1999;11: Park SA, Heo JH, Sunwoo IN, Cho SJ, Lee BI. Neurobehcet s disease; clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and radiological characteristics. J Korean Neurol Assoc 1997;15: Joo H, Park YE, Kim DS, Park KH, Jung DS. A Case of Neurobehcet s Disease with Recurrent Transverse Myelitis. J Korean Neurol Assoc 2004;22: An JY, Lee HS, Oh KM, Chung CS. A Case of Behcet's Disease Presenting with Transient Global Amnesia and Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Korean Neurol Assoc 2001;19: J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4, 2006

5 선행성기억상실을주증상으로나타낸신경베체트씨병 1 예 5. Lee JK, Im JH, Bang H, Ryu JY, Lee MC. A case of Neuro- Behçet s disease with CNS lesions confined to multiple cortical areas. J Korean Neurol Assoc 1999;17: Serdarog P. Behçet s disease and the nervous system. J Neurol 1998;245: Oktem-Tanor O, Baykan-Kurt B, Gurvit IH, Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P. Neuropsychological follow-up of 12 patients with neuro-behcet disease. J Neurol 1999;246: Oh JY, Kwon JC, Chin JH, Kim JI, Lee JH, Choi KG, Park KD, Jeong Y, Na DL. Retrograde Amnesia Following Anterior Thalamic Infarction. J Korean Neurol Assoc 2002;20: J Korean Neurol Assoc Volume 24 No. 4,

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