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1 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(6): ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Original Article 성숙백내장에서시행된수정체초음파유화술의임상결과 Clinical Results after Phacoemulsification in Mature Cataract 박훈 김주상 최화수 김성진 박종석 Hoon Park, MD, Ju Sang Kim, MD, Hwa Su Choi, MD, Sung Jin Kim, MD, Jong Seok Park, MD, PhD 을지대학교의과대학을지병원안과학교실 Department of Ophthalmology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results after phacoemulsification in mature and immature cataracts. Methods: Mature cataract was defined as a classification of C5 by Lens Opacities Classification System III compared with other types of cataracts as controls. The present study included 37 (37 eyes) patients diagnosed with mature cataracts that received phacoemulsification and were followed up for at least 1 year. Thirty-seven (37 eyes) patients with other types of cataracts were selected randomly as controls. Intraoperative factors and rate of complications during and after surgery were evaluated. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell density and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured during the 1 year of follow-up and compared with the controls. Results: Twenty-seven eyes (mature cataracts) and 36 eyes (controls) received a complete continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC). The success rate of complete CCC was significantly high in the control eyes (p = 0.025). However, in mature cataract patients, 3 cases of posterior capsule rupture occurred among the 6 cases of radial tear of the anterior capsule, resulting in implantation of the lens in the sulcus. Posterior capsular ruptures were observed in 4 patients with mature cataracts and in 1 control with no statistically significant difference in the occurrence rate. Total phacoemulsification time and effective phacoemulsification time were significantly longer in the mature cataract patients (p = and p = 0.041, respectively). BCVA, the amount of corneal endothelial cell density reduction and CMT at postoperative 1 year was not different between the two groups. Conclusions: The success of complete CCC was a significant factor for the occurrence of intraoperative complications in mature cataract surgery. Based on the clinical results, the mature cataract patients and controls had a similar visual prognosis. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(6): Keywords: Capsulorrhexis, Complications, Mature cataract, Phacoemulsification 백내장은노인의시력저하를초래하는주요원인이며안과수술중가장많은부분을차지하는질병으로서의학의 Received: Revised: Accepted: Address reprint requests to Jong Seok Park, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Eulji General Hospital, #68 Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01830, Korea Tel: , Fax: pjs4106@eulji.ac.kr * This study was presented as a poster at the 113th Annual Meeting of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 발달에따른고령화시대를맞이하여노인인구가증가함에따라백내장인구가해마다증가하는추세이다. 1 수정체초음파유화술을위시하여백내장수술방법이급속히발달하였고, 특히수술예후가많이향상되어예방보다는치료에중점을두고있다. 그러나백내장수술시유용하게사용되는초음파유화술의경우, 수정체의경도가증가될수록시행하기어려운것으로알려져있다. 특히성숙백내장은수정체핵의심한경화와더불어탄력성이떨어진전낭으로인하여전낭원형절개를완전하게하기가어려울뿐아니라, 전낭의방사상열개가발생하기쉽다. 2-6 뿐만아니라성숙백내장에서통상적 c2016 The Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 891

2 - 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 6 호 - 인초음파유화술을통한백내장제거를시도하는과정에서모양체소대의파열등으로인한후낭의파열이나유리체탈출등의합병증이속발할수있고, 인공수정체를낭내에삽입하기가불가능하여공막고랑에고정해야하는경우도생기게된다. 따라서성숙백내장은수정체유화술을시술할경우앞서열거한합병증들이보다더많이발생할것으로염려되어, 수정체유화술을회피하던시절이있었다. 그러나최근수정체유화술이보편화되면서그수술방법과수술기계의발달로수술적응증또한점차확대되어가고있으며, 성숙백내장의경우에도일반백내장에서시행하는방법과같은수정체유화술을시도하고있다. Singh et al 7 은성숙백내장에서수정체유화술을시행하였을때모양체소대의파열이나후낭의파열과같은합병증의빈도가수정체낭외적출술 (extra-capsular cataract extraction, ECCE) 을시행하였을때와비교했을때큰차이는없었지만각막내피세포감소에서는유의한차이가있었다고했다. Pande et al 8 은일반백내장에서수정체유화술이수정체낭외적출술보다혈액방수장벽의파괴가적어수술후염증반응이적다고보고했으며, Minassian et al 9 은 1년의경과관찰을통해비교했을때수정체유화술이수정체낭외적출술보다시력개선, 난시발생, 수술후합병증및가격에있어서더우위에있다고보고했다. 저자들은성숙백내장에서수정체유화술을시술하여수술중전낭원형절개의성공여부, 평균초음파사용시간 (phaco time) 및전체초음파사용비율 (phaco %), 유효초음파사용시간 (effective phaco time, EPT), 사용된총평형염액 (balanced salt solution, BSS) 양, 총수술소요시간등의술중지표와, 수술중발생한후낭파열및유리체탈출과같은합병증의발생유무를조사하였고, 이를대조군과비교하였다. 그리고술후 1년째까지의최대교정시력, 각막내피세포밀도의변화량, 중심황반두께를성숙백내장군과대조군에서각각조사하여비교하였다. 대상과방법 2011년 9월부터 2013년 9월까지본원안과에서백내장제거술을시술받기위해입원한환자들을대상으로하였으며, 백내장의분류는수술전시행되는세극등현미경검사와 Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III를근거로하였다. LOCS III에의해피질혼탁 (cortical, C) 척도에서 C5에해당되는경우로서, 세극등현미경상에서 white cataract로보이며, 망막을관찰할수없었던경우를성숙백내장군으로분류하였고, 그이하의피질혼탁의경우를대조군으로하였다. 성숙백내장이방치되어액화와변성이 된수정체피질로인해정상적인수정체피질이나수정체핵을관찰하기어려운경우를과숙백내장으로칭하게되나, 수술전세극등현미경검사에서엄격히구분되지않는경우가많았기때문에본연구에서는부득이하게과숙백내장또한성숙백내장군에포함시키게되었다. 성숙백내장환자들중 1년이상경과관찰이가능했던 37명 37안을대상으로하였고, 미성숙백내장군 37명 37안을무작위로선별하여대조군으로하였다. 성숙백내장군의선별과정에서술전에안구초음파상에서망막박리가의심되는음영이보이는경우, 포도막염소견이있는경우, 반대안에당뇨병성망막병증이발견된경우, 녹내장, 혹은시신경염과같은시신경질환의기왕력이있는경우, 각막혼탁이있는경우, 외상을입은기왕력이있는경우, 시력검사에협조가어려웠던경우는제외하였으며, 수술후 1년이내에황반질환이나시신경염과같이, 백내장수술자체의영향과는무관하게시력을저하시킬수있는질환이발견된환자는제외하였다. 수술은모두한명의술자에의해시술되었으며, 수술방법은술자가일반적으로백내장환자에게사용하는수정체유화술의술기로시술하였다. 성숙백내장군에서마취는구후마취법으로하였으며, 대조군은점안마취법으로하였다. 절개창의위치는각막윤부로하였고절개창의길이는 2.8 mm 로하였다. 절개창과 90 o 떨어진각막윤부에 Diamond knife (Econo Trifacet Diamond Knife, Storz, Bausch & Lomb, New Jersey, NJ, USA) 를이용하여 side-port 절개를하였으며, 그길이는 1.0 mm로하였다. Side-port 절개창을통하여점탄물질 (Healon, Kukje Pharm. Co. Ltd, Seongnam, Korea) 을전방내로충분히주입한후, 전낭표면에 10% 로희석한인도시아닌그린액을주사하여전낭을염색하였다. 이후 30 Gauge의주사침을구부려만든원형절개용주사침을이용하여전낭원형절개를시작한뒤, 전낭원형절개용 forceps 로절개를완성하였다. 이때완전한원형에가깝고지름이약 5.5 mm의전낭원형절개가이루어진경우를성공으로간주하였고, 원형절개의모양이타원이거나일그러진경우, 크기가지나치게큰경우, 방사상열개가발생한경우등은불완전한전낭원형절개로분류하였다. 수정체유화술의술기는모든경우에서 Chopper를사용하여수정체핵을쪼개어제거하는방법 (Phaco Chop) 을사용하였으며, 수정체유화술기계 (Stellaris PC, Bausch & Lomb, New Jersey, NJ, USA) 의기본설정은초음파의최대세기를 30%, 최대흡입력은 250 mmhg 로하였다. 수정체핵의경도가심하여기본설정된초음파세기로유화및분해가어려운경우, 점차초음파의최대세기설정값을높이면서진행하였다. 전낭원형절개의성공여부나후낭파열발생여부, 그에따른인공수정체낭내삽입혹은공막고랑삽입여부와관계없 892

3 - 박훈외 : 성숙백내장수술의임상결과 - 이, 광학부의지름이 6.0 mm이고전체크기가 10.7 mm인 one-piece형친수성아크릴제제의접힘인공수정체 (Akreos Adapt AO, Bausch & Lomb, New Jersey, NJ, USA) 를삽입하였다. 단, 공막고랑에인공수정체를삽입하는경우, 사전에낭내삽입을위해계산된인공수정체도수보다 0.5디옵터가낮은렌즈를사용하였다. 술중평균초음파사용시간 (mean phaco time), 전체초음파사용비율 (total phaco %), 유효초음파사용시간 (EPT) 및사용된총평형염액 (balanced salt solution, BSS ; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) 양, 그리고소요된총수술시간을측정하여각군에서비교하였다. 소요된총수술시간은각막윤부에절개창을넣는시점부터개검기를빼는시점까지로산출하였다. 술후 1일, 1주일, 1개월, 3개월, 6개월, 1년에경과관찰을시행하여최대교정시력을측정하였고, 술후 1개월째와 1년째의각막내피세포밀도, 술후 1년째의중심황반두께를조사하였다. 또한술후 1년째에수술안을산동한후인공수정체가편위되었거나이탈되었는지여부를확인하였다. 결과 성숙백내장군 37명 (37안) 의나이는 62세에서 90세로, 평균연령은 74.8세였으며, 남자가 16명이었고여자가 21명이었다. 대조군 37명 (37안) 의나이는 60세에서 88세로, 평균연령은 70.1세였으며, 성비는남자가 20명, 여자가 17명이었다. 나이분포에있어서성숙백내장군과대조군은통계학적으로차이가없었다 (p=0.79). 성숙백내장군과대조군에서의술전최대교정시력 (logmar) 은각각 0.910, 이었으며 (p=0.31), 성숙백내장군과대조군에서의당뇨병의 유병률은각각 35.1%, 40.5% 였다 (p=0.82) (Table 1). 전낭원형절개가완전한경우는성숙백내장군이 27안 (73.0%), 대조군이 36안 (97.3%) 으로, 성공률에서두군간에유의미한차이를보였다 (p=0.025). 성숙백내장군에서발생한 6건의전낭방사상열개중 3건에서후낭파열이발생하였고, 그 3건모두인공수정체공막고랑내삽입을요하였다. 후낭파열은성숙백내장군에서 4건 (10.8%), 대조군에서 1건 (2.7%) 이발생하였으며, 군간의유의한차이는없었다 (p=0.68) (Table 2). 성숙및대조군에서발생한총 5건의후낭파열은모두수정체유화술중에발생하였으나, 수정체핵의유리체내로의이탈은없었다. 후낭파열이된 5안에서는모두전방유리체절제술및인공수정체공막고랑삽입술이시행되었으나, epinephrine이나 triamcinolone과같이, 술후황반두께에영향을줄수있는약물은수술과정에서별도로사용하지않았다. 수술후 1년째에수술안을산동한후인공수정체의편위, 혹은이탈여부를검사한결과, 인공수정체광학부의중심이탈소견이성숙백내장군에서 4 예, 대조군에서 1예가확인되었으나, 군간발생률의유의한차이는보이지않았으며 (p=0.68), 인공수정체아탈구와같이시력에영향을주거나추가적인처치가필요한사례는두군모두에서발생하지않았다 (Table 2). 평균초음파사용시간은성숙백내장군이 ± 9.26초, 대조군이 ± 10.17초로나타났고 (p=0.21), 사용된총평형염액양은성숙백내장군이 59.0 ± ml, 대조군이 51.8 ± 6.1 ml로나타나 (p=0.098), 두군간의유의한차이가없었다. 전체초음파사용비율은성숙백내장군이 7.53 ± 3.21%, 대조군이 4.94 ± 3.08% 로통계적유의성을보였고 (p=0.038), 유효초음파사용시간에있어서도, 성숙백내 Table 1. Baseline demographic features of enrolled patients Mature cataract Control p-value Number (eyes) Age (year ± SD) 74.8 ± ± * Gender (male/female) 16/21 20/17 Preop BCVA (log MAR) ± ± * DM (%) Dysthyroidism (%) Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. SD = standard deviation; Preop = preoperative; BCVA = best corrected visual acuity; DM = diabetes mellitus. * Analyzed with independent t-test, Analyzed with chi-square test. Table 2. Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative complications between the mature cataract and control patients Mature cataract (%) Control (%) p-value * Incomplete CCC 10 (27.0) 1 (2.7) Posterior capsule rupture 4 (10.8) 1 (2.7) 0.68 Decentration of IOL optic 4 (10.8) 1 (2.7) 0.68 CCC = continuous circular capsulorhexis; IOL = intraocular lens. * Analyzed with chi-square test. 893

4 - 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 6 호 - Table 3. Comparison of mean surgical parameters between the mature cataract and control patients Mature cataract Control p-value * Mean phaco time (sec) ± ± Total phaco (%) 7.53 ± ± EPT (sec) 4.19 ± ± Total BSS used (ml) 59.0 ± ± Time of surgery (min) ± ± Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. EPT = effective phaco time; BSS = balanced salt solution. * Analyzed with independent t-test. Table 4. Postoperative changes in BCVA (log MAR), reduction of corneal endothelium and central foveal thickness Mature cataract Control p-value * Postop. BCVA 1 day ± ± week ± ± month ± ± months ± ± months ± ± year ± ± Postop. reduction of corneal endothelium (cells/mm 2 ) 1 month 188 ± ± year 190 ± ± Central foveal thickness (μm) Postop. 1 year 201 ± ± Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. BCVA = best corrected visual acuity; Postop. = postoperative time. Analyzed with independent t-test. Figure 1. Postoperative changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (log MAR). Although the difference in BCVA between mature cataract and control patients was significant on postoperative day 1 and week 1 (p = and p = 0.04, respectively), the difference was not significant at the 1-year follow-up (p > 0.05). MC = mature cataract. 장군이 4.19 ± 3.17초, 대조군이 1.19 ± 1.16초로성숙백내장군이유의하게긴시간을보였다 (p=0.041). 평균수술시간은성숙백내장군이 ± 8.99분, 대조군이 ± 6.37분으로, 군간에유의한차이는보이지않았다 (p=0.39) (Table 3). 수술후 1일째와, 1주일째의최대교정시력은대조군에 서유의하게좋은것으로나타났으나 (p=0.031, p=0.04), 1 개월, 3개월, 6개월, 1년째에시행한시력검사상에서는두군간의통계적인차이가없었다 (p>0.05) (Table 4, Fig. 1). 수술후 1개월째와 1년째에시행한각막내피세포검사상에서는평균세포밀도감소량이성숙백내장군에서각각 188 ± 89/mm 2, 190 ± 62/mm 2, 대조군에서 150 ± 88/mm 2, 158 ± 42/mm 2 로나타났으나, 군간의유의한차이는보이지않았다 (p=0.33, p=0.35). 수술후 1년째에빛간섭단층촬영으로검사한평균중심황반두께는성숙백내장군과대조군에서각각 201 ± 56 µm, 187 ± 71 µm로, 유의한차이는보이지않았다 (p=0.63) (Table 4). 고찰 성숙백내장의수술과정에서전낭의분간이어려운경우, 수술실의조명을어둡게하거나현미경의배율을높이는방법, 눈속조명파이프를이용하는방법등의술기가소개된바있으며, 4 전낭을염색하는방법, 10 전낭원형절개술을 2단계로나누어시술하는 two-stage capsulorhexis를하는방법또한그대안이될수있다. 3,6,11,12 본연구에서는전방에점탄물질을주입한후, 희석된인도시아닌그린액을 894

5 - 박훈외 : 성숙백내장수술의임상결과 - 이용하여전낭을염색하여전낭절개를위한시야를확보하였으며, 전낭절개후초음파수정체유화과정에서도염색된전낭의변연부를보다명확히확인할수있어, 전낭염색이전낭에가해지는손상의가능성을낮추는이점으로작용하였다. 성숙백내장수술에서완전한전낭절개를어렵게만드는또다른요인들로는안저반사가없다는점, 그리고액화된수정체의피질이전낭절개초기에전방내로유출되어시야를방해하고, 전방의깊이를얕게만든다는점이있다. 게다가성숙백내장의특성상, 수정체낭내의내용물의팽창성이높아, 전낭절개를위해전낭을뚫은이후에전낭절개가예상보다크게형성되거나방사상열개가발생할위험이높다. 13 저자들은전낭원형절개용주사침과 forceps 를이용, 2단계에걸친전낭원형절개를시행하여원형절개시방사상열개가발생하지않도록유의하였으며, 전방에점탄물질을충분히주입하여, 액화된피질이전방쪽으로유출되어시야를방해하지않도록하였다. 그결과 36안중 26안의환자에서대략 5.5 mm의완전한전낭절개를시행할수있었다. 성숙백내장에서수력분리술은일반적으로는시행하지않는것으로알려져있으나, 11 본연구에서는모든성숙백내장수술에서약간의수력분리술을시행하여, 피질과수정체낭간의접착을약화시켜, 내용물의흡인을용이하게하였다. 4예의성숙백내장에서피질은수정체낭에매우단단히붙어있는경우가많고섬유화된사례도있어서, 관류및흡인의과정에예상보다오랜시간이소요되었고, 일부섬유화된피질은완전하게제거하기가어려웠다. 후낭파열의경우성숙백내장의수술과정에서수술의어려움을가중시키는또다른요인으로서술자의술기나경험에따라다양한비율로발생하는것으로보고되고있다 성숙백내장에서는수정체핵유화및흡인을위한수정체초음파유화시간이늘어나고, 수정체핵및피질자체의팽대성때문에후낭이매우얇아져있고늘어나있어, 수술중에후낭이파열될위험성이높다. 특히후낭에대한완충역할을하는상층부핵이없는모르가니안형의백내장과같은경우초음파유화술기구 (phaco tip) 가후낭에접촉될가능성이높아, 후낭파열의위험은더욱증대된다. 본연구에서성숙백내장군의대부분의경우 LOCS III에의한핵경화 (nuclear opalescence, NO) 및색깔 (Nuclear Color, NC) 척도에서 NO5/NC5 이상의단단한핵을가지고있는사례들이었으나, 3예에서는모르가니안형백내장에가까운형태의핵상태를보여, 수정체핵이위축되어있었고피질과핵사이의완충조직이거의없는형태를보이기도하였다. 이에저자들은이러한모르가니안형백내장의수정체초음파유화과정에서는액화된피질을조심스럽게제거하 면서수술시야를좋게하고, 위축된수정체핵을면밀히관찰하면서초음파유화술기구끝이후낭에접촉하지않도록주의하였다. 본연구에서성숙백내장군과대조군에서발생한후낭파열의빈도는통계적으로차이가없었다. 수술후 1주일째까지는대조군에서유의하게좋은최대교정시력을보였으나, 술후 1개월째부터그이후까지의시력은군간의차이를보이지않아, 시력측면에서의성숙백내장에서의장기예후는대조군과동등할것으로생각된다. 성숙백내장군에서의수술후일시적인시력의저하는각막의부종, 염증반응의지속과같은요인이작용했을것으로추측되며, 환자에게이와같은수술의예후와회복과정에대한설명이사전에충분히이루어지는것이중요할것으로보인다. 수술후시력예후에영향을줄수있는지표로서, 각막내피세포의감소량과중심황반두께를측정하여비교한결과, 성숙백내장군과대조군간의차이는보이지않았다. 백내장수술후발생할수있는낭포황반부종의경우 1-2% 에서발생하며, 17 Henderson et al 18 은 2.4% 에서나타났다고보고했다. 이는백내장수술후 6-8주사이에생기며, 대부분 6개월이내에자연호전의경과를보인다 이에본연구에서저자들은 1년의장기적인수술후결과를비교분석하기위해수술후초기에발생해수개월내에자연호전을보이는낭포황반부종의발생유무에관점을두지않고 1년후의중심황반두께만비교하였다. 불완전한전낭절개가이루어졌던성숙백내장군 10예에서, 후낭파열로공막고랑에인공수정체를삽입하였던 3예를제외한나머지 7예는다른수술중합병증이발생하지않아, 계획한대로낭내에인공수정체삽입을시행하였다. 그러나수술후 1년째경과관찰에서이 7예의환자들중 4예에서인공수정체광학부의중심이탈소견이보였다. 하지만환자가주관적으로호소하는불편감이나시력저하가없고인공수정체아탈구와같은소견은보이지않아, 이에대한추가적인처치가이루어지지는않았지만, 환자에게이후에발생하는시각증상이나안구통증, 혹은불편감이있을경우즉시내원하도록교육하였다. 결론적으로, 성숙백내장의경우일반적인백내장의경우와비교하였을때수술과정이까다롭고수술시간이길며합병증의발생위험도높지만희석된인도시아닌그린액을이용한전낭의염색, 2단계의전낭원형절개, 점탄물질의충분한사용과같은다양한안전장치와수정체핵의경도및위축상태에따른적절한대처를통해통상적인수정체초음파유화술로도좋은시력예후를얻을수있었다. 하지만수술중및수술후합병증발생이나, 수술시간의연장은대부분불완전한전낭원형절개에서비롯되므로, 이에대한적절한대처및술기의확립이중요할것으로생각된다. 895

6 - 대한안과학회지 2016 년제 57 권제 6 호 - 본연구는후향적연구로, 샤임플러그세극등영상이나색조세극등영상, 역반사영상과같은술전백내장의분류를객관화하기위한방법들에대한자료가부족하여, 검사자의주관적인관찰에의존한의무기록만을바탕으로하였다는한계점이있었다. 또한성숙백내장에서의수정체초음파유화술에대한안전성과효용을보다객관적으로입증하기위해서는성숙백내장에서수정체낭외적출술을시행한환자군과의임상결과비교가유용했을것으로생각되나, 수정체낭외적출술의사례가많지않아직접적인비교가어려웠다는한계점을들수있다. REFERENCES 1) Shyn KH, Hong NS, Ahn SK. The prevalence and morphological characteristics of senile cataract in the local areas of Korea. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1992;33: ) Brusini P. Capsulorhexis in mature cataracts: why not? Doc Ophthalmol 1992;81: ) Gimbel HV, Willerscheidt AB. What to do with limited view: the intumescent cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg 1993;19: ) Mansour AM. Anterior capsulorhexis in hypermature cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg 1993;19: ) Vajpayee RB, Angra SK, Honavar SG, et al. Capsulotomy for phacoemulsification in hypermature cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg 1995;21: ) Vasavada A, Singh R, Desai J. Phacoemulsification of white mature cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24: ) Singh R, Vasavada AR, Janaswamy G. Phacoemulsification of brunescent and black cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27: ) Pande MV, Spalton DJ, Kerr-Muir MG, Marshall J. Postoperative inflammatory response to phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract surgery: aqueous flare and cells. J Cataract Refract Surg 1996;22 Suppl 1: ) Minassian DC, Rosen P, Dart JK, et al. Extracapsular cataract extraction compared with small incision surgery by phacoemulsification: a randomised trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85: ) Melles GR, de Waard PW, Pameyer JH, Houdijn Beekhuis W. Trypan blue capsule staining to visualize the capsulorhexis in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25: ) Chakrabarti A, Singh S. Phacoemulsification in eyes with white cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26: ) Gimbel HV. Two-stage capsulorhexis for endocapsular phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg 1990;16: ) Vasavada A, Singh R. Surgical techniques for difficult cataracts. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1999;10: ) Kim KB, Jeun EJ, Kim JC. Clinical results of the eyes with posterior capsule rupture during cataract operation. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1998;39: ) Koo BS, Park YJ. Incidence of posterior capsular rupture in the learning curve of phacoemulsification. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1994;35: ) Park YI, Oh TH, Choi KY. Clinical results of phacoemulsification performed by ophthalmic resident. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1995;36: ) Wright PL, Wilkinson CP, Balyeat HD, et al. Angiographic cystoid macular edema after posterior chamber lens implantation. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106: ) Henderson BA, Kim JY, Ament CS, et al. Clinical pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. Risk factors for development and duration after treatment. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007;33: ) Ursell PG, Spalton DJ, Whitcup SM, Nussenblatt RB. Cystoid macular edema after phacoemulsification: relationship to blood-aqueous barrier damage and visual acuity. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25: ) Flach AJ. The incidence, pathogenesis and treatment of cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1998;96: ) Jacobson DR, Dellaporta A. Natural history of cystoid macular edema after cataract extraction. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;77: ) Jampol LM, Sanders DR, Kraff MC. Prophylaxis and therapy of aphakic cystoid macular edema. Surv Ophthalmol 1984;28 Suppl:

7 - 박훈외 : 성숙백내장수술의임상결과 - = 국문초록 = 성숙백내장에서시행된수정체초음파유화술의임상결과 목적 : 성숙백내장에서수정체유화술을시행후, 미성숙백내장에서의수술후결과와비교해보고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 세극등현미경상에서 Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III 분류에의해 C5 에해당되는경우를성숙백내장군으로, 그이하인경우를미성숙백내장군으로분류하였다. 성숙백내장환자들중 1 년이상경과관찰이가능했던 37 명 37 안을대상으로하였고, 미성숙백내장군 37 명 37 안을대조군으로하여술중지표와술중합병증의발생유무를조사하였고, 이를대조군과비교하였다. 그리고술후 1 년째까지의최대교정시력, 각막내피세포밀도, 중심황반두께를비교하였다. 결과 : 전낭원형절개가완전한경우는성숙백내장군이 27 안, 대조군이 36 안으로, 군간에유의한차이가있었다 (p=0.025). 성숙백내장군에서발생한 6 건의전낭방사상열개중 3 건에서후낭파열이발생하였고, 그 3 건모두인공수정체공막고랑내삽입을하였다. 후낭파열은성숙백내장군에서 4 건, 대조군에서 1 건이발생하였으며, 발생률에서의유의한차이는없었다. 전체초음파사용비율과유효초음파사용시간은성숙백내장군이대조군에비해유의하게높았다 (p=0.031, p=0.046). 술후 1 년째측정한최대교정시력, 평균각막내피세포밀도의감소량, 평균중심황반두께는군간에차이가없었다. 결론 : 성숙백내장에서의수정체초음파유화술의경우, 전낭원형절개의성공여부가술중합병증발생에중요한역할을하며, 수술후장기임상결과를비교했을때수정체초음파유화술은성숙백내장에서미성숙백내장과유사한시력예후를기대할수있었다. < 대한안과학회지 2016;57(6): > 897

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