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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 26(9), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) EMI Noise The EMI Noise Reduction Circuit with Random Number Generator 김성진 박주현 김상윤 구자현 김형일 이강윤 Sung Jin Kim Ju Hyun Park SangYun Kim Ja Hyun Koo* Hyung il Kim* Kang-Yoon Lee 요약 Relaxation Oscillator EMI Noise., DC-DC Converter RF Receiver system Noise. Relaxation Oscillator 7.9 MHz, μm, 220 μm 280 μm. 1.8 V 500 μa. Abstract This paper proposes Relaxation Oscillator with Random Number Generator to minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise. DC-DC Converter with Relaxation Oscillator is presented how much spurious noise effects to RF Receiver system. The main frequency of the proposed Relaxation oscillator is 7.9 MHz to operate it and add temperature compensation block to be applied to the frequency compensation in response to temperature changes. The DC-DC Converter Spurious noise is reduced up to 20 db through changing frequency randomly. It is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The active area occupies an area of 220 μm 280 μm. The supply voltage is 1.8 V and current consumption is 500 μa. Key words: Relaxation Oscillator, EMI, Random Number Generator, Temperature Compensation. 서론, (IoT Internet of Things),., EMI noise. Switching Mode Power Supply(SMPS) Linear Voltage Regulator. SMPS DC-DC converter. DC-DC converter linear voltage regulator DC-DC converter switching noise noise RF system. DC-DC converter switching noise (College of Information & Communication Engineering, SungKyunKwan University) *SK (SK Telecom) Manuscript received July 6, 2015 ; Revised September 4, 2015 ; Accepted September 11, (ID No S) Corresponding Author: Kang-Yoon Lee ( klee@skku.edu) 798 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

2 EMI Noise relaxation oscillator DC- DC converter EMI noise [1].. 본론 2-1 일반적인 Relaxation Oscillator 구조 1 relaxation oscillator. Relaxation oscillator. I 1 V OSC. V OSC V High SR-Latch Set, C 1. I 2, V OSC V Low SR-Latch reset. C 1. relaxation oscillator,., (t d ), [2]. 2-2 제안하는전체 Relaxation Oscillator 구조 제안하는 Relaxation Oscillator의동작원리 2(a) relaxation oscillator I1 B VOSC VHigh + - Comp td S Temperature Compensation Random Generator 4 I_TUNE 4 C_TUNE Relaxation Oscillator R ' B I2 C1 VLow - + Comp (a) (a) Block diagram (a) (a) Block diagram I_TUNE<3:0> VB I_BANK B OSC_ OSC_B VB IBIAS1 IBIAS2 PENB PENB IBIAS_15uA I1 I2 IBIAS1 VREF PHI PHIB PHIB PHI PHI PHIB VREF IBIAS2 C_TUNE<3:0> B C_TUNE<3:0> C_BANK C_BANK (b) (b) Waveform 그림 1. relaxation oscillator Fig. 1. Conventional relaxation oscilltor. (b) Relaxation oscillator (b) Schematic of relaxation oscillator 그림 2., relaxation oscillator Fig. 2. The structure of controllable current and capacitance relaxation oscillator. 799

3 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 9, Sep relaxation oscillator. 2(b) relaxation oscillator I_TUNE<3:0>. relaxation oscillator I 1 I 2 I 1 C 1 C 2 RAMP1, RAMP2 RAMP1, V REF S, R. SR latch, B, switch on/off, (, B) [3]. C 1 V REF C_TUNE<3:0> I_TUNE<3:0> I 2 V REF RAMP2 S R ' RST B Relaxation Oscillator의주파수제어동작원리 Relaxation oscillator. (1) VREF RAMP1 C 2 C_TUNE<3:0> (a) (a) Simplified block diagram (2) VREF RAMP2 Hz (3) (3),, relaxation oscillator. 3(a), I_TUNE<3:0>, C_TUNE<3:0>, [4]. I_Bank (I_TUNE<3:0>) (I 1, I 2 ).,, (I_BIAS_15 ua) MO- SFET M8 M15 gate relaxation oscillator current generator 15 ua current mirror. I_Bank C_Bank 4(a), (b). I_Bank C_Bank MOSFET. I_Bank C_Bank I_TUNE<3:0>, C_TUNE<3:0>, relaxation oscillator 5. S R B (b) (b) Waveform 그림 3. relaxation oscillator Fig. 3. Proposed relaxation oscilltor 온도보상회로 6 PTAT(Proportional To Absolute Temperature) Generator Flash ADC(Analog to Digital Converter). PTAT_GEN, ADC relaxation oscillator I_TUNE<3:0>. 7 [4]. 800

4 EMI Noise (a) I_Bank (a) Schematic of I_Bank (a) (a) Block diagram (b) C_Bank (b) Schematic of C_bank schematic 그림 4. relaxation oscillator Fig. 4. Proposed relaxation oscilltor. (b) (b) Result of temperature simulation 그림 6. Fig. 6. Block diagram of temperature compensation. 그림 5. relaxation oscillator Fig. 5. Frequency variation range of relaxation oscillator according to control signal bits 랜덤수생성회로 8(a). 20 D-Flip Flop. 1, () relaxation oscillator. relaxation oscillator 1 (127 ns) 1 그림 7. Fig. 7. Simulation results of output frequency according to temperature variation. (131 ms) 10 6 relaxation oscillator. MSB(Most Significant Bit) 4 D Flip-Flop 4 bits I_Bank I_TUNE<3:0> relaxation oscillator relaxation oscillator (frequency hopping). MODE_SEL 801

5 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 9, Sep dB -10dB -15dB -17dB (db) Noise Floor (a) (a) Schematic 7.9MHz 15.8MHz 23.7MHz 40MHz (a) Frequency hopping (a) Disable frequency hopping Frequency(MHz) 10.96dB dB -25dB (db) Removed harmonics (b) Relaxation oscillator (b) Change of output period of relaxation oscillator 그림 8. Fig. 8. Schematic of random number generator., 8(b) MODE_SEL 1 relaxation oscillator, MODE_SEL 0 relaxation oscillator. 9 8(b) FFT. 9(a) FFT. 7.9 MHz fundamental tone harmonic tone. 9(b) relaxation oscillator FFT., frequency hopping fundamental tone db harmonic tone 제안하는 Relaxation Oscillator 의 Layout 10 relaxation oscillator layout μm CMOS, 220 μm 280 μm. 2-3 Frequency Hopping 기법이적용된 DC-DC Converter 7~10MHz Increased Noise Floor 7.9MHz 15.8MHz 23.7MHz 40MHz (b) Frequency hopping (b) Enable frequency hopping Frequency(MHz) 그림 9. FFT Fig. 9. The result of FFT when using the random generator. 220um Mux RANDOM GEN OSC Core 280um 그림 10. relaxation oscillator layout Fig. 10. Layout of proposed relaxation oscillator. 11 switching noise DC-DC converter noise RF receiver system RF receiver system. 11 DC-DC converter VBAT 802

6 랜덤 수 생성 회로를 이용한 EMI Noise 저감 회로 기법이 적용된 의 블록 다이어그램 그림 11. Frequency hopping DC-DC converter RF receiver system Fig. 11. Block diagram of DC-DC converter with frequncy hopping & RF receiver system. 와 의 시뮬레이션 결과 그림 13. LNA noise figure Fig. 13. Noise figure simulation result of LNA. 의 출력 스펙트럼 그림 12. DC-DC converter Fig. 12. Output spectrum of DC-DC converter. 며, RF receiver system에 전원을 공급한다. RF receiver system은 PLL, LNA, mixer, baseband단과 modem을 포함 하고 있으며, DC-DC converter의 switching 주파수는 2.5 MHz이다. 2-4 DC-DC Converter의 출력이 LNA에 미치는 영향 의 내부에 포함되어 있는 사용에 따른 의 출력 스펙트럼 변화를 그림 에 나타내었다 을 사용 하지 않을 경우 에서 가 발생하며 그 들이 이상 올라오는 것을 확인할 수 있다 을 사용할 경우 가 되어 주파수 에서 로 을사 용하지 않을 때보다 가 만큼 감소하 는 것을 확인할 수 있다 그림 은 에 이상적인 전원을 공급하였을 경우 이 없는 를 통해 전원 DC-DC converter frequency hopping DC-DC converter 12. Frequency hopping, 2.5 MHz(Main Tone) 57.2 db spurious noise, harmonic tone 100 db. Frequency hopping spurious noise spreading switching (2.5 MHz) 77.3 db frequency hopping spurious noise 20.1 db. 13 LNA, frequency hopping DC-DC converter 을 공급받을 경우, frequency hopping이 적용된 DC-DC converter를 통해 전원을 공급받을 경우, 이 세 가지 경우 에 대한 LNA의 noise figure 시뮬레이션 결과를 보여주고 있다. Frequency hopping이 적용되었을 경우, 2.5 MHz 부 근의 noise 성분이 넓게 퍼지는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 2-5 DC-DC Converter의 출력이 VCO에 미치는 영향 그림 14는 VCO에서도 LNA와 같은 세 가지 경우에 대 한 VCO의 phase noise 시뮬레이션 결과를 보여주고 있다. VCO의 carrier 주파수가 2.4 GHz일 때 1 MHz 떨어진 주 파수에서 VCO의 phase noise는 이상적인 전원을 사용했 을 경우 128 dbc/hz이고, frequency hopping이 적용되지 않을 경우 120 dbc/hz로 8 db 성능이 열화된다. Frequency hopping이 적용되었을 경우, 127 dbc/hz로 noise 가 인가되지 않은 시뮬레이션 결과와 근사한 것을 확인 할 수 있다. 의 시뮬레이션 결과 그림 14. VCO phase noise Fig. 14. Phase noise simulation result of VCO. 803

7 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 9, Sep Ⅲ. 결 론 본 논문에서는 랜덤 수 생성 회로를 통해 relaxation oscillator의 주파수를 불규칙하게 변환하여 EMI noise를 최소화 하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한, DC-DC converter에 이 기법이 적용되었을 때의 효과와 이 결과가 RF receiver system에 미치는 효과를 noise 측면에서 연구하였다. 제안 하는 relaxation oscillator 출력 중심주파수는 7.9 MHz이고, 온도보상기법을 적용하여 온도변화에 따라 주파수가 보 상되도록 설계하였다. 이 칩은 0.18 μm 공정으로 설계하 였고, 칩의 면적은 220 μm 280 μm이다. 전류 소모는 공 급전압인 1.8 V에서 500 μa이다. References reduced output spurs using asynchronous frequency hopping", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 58, no. 11, Nov [2] F. Bala, T. Nandy, "Programmable high frequency RC oscillator", in Proc. IEEE 18th Int. Conf. VLSI Des., pp , Jan 최진욱, 이강윤, "자동차용 저 전력 주파수 확산 클럭 스펙트럼 생성기", 대한전자공학회 추계학술대회, pp , 2014년 10월. [4] 김상윤, 이강윤, "Temperature sensor 기반 ±1 % 이내의 주파수 정확도를 가지는 18 MHz relaxation oscllator의 설계", J. Korea Industr. Inf. Syst. Res., vol. 18, no. 5, 2013년 10월. [3] [1] Chengwu Tao, Ayman A. Fayed, "A buck converter with 김성 진 년 인제대학교 전자지능로봇공학과 공학사 년 월 현재: 성균관대학교 정보통 신대학 석박통합과정 [주 관심분야] RF 아날로그 집적회로설 계, Phase Locked Loop 김상 윤 2014 : ( ) 박주 현 년 한국외국어대학교 전자공학과 (공 학사 년 월 현재: 성균관대학교 정보통 신대학 석사과정 [주 관심분야] RF 아날로그 집적회로설 계, PMIC [주 관심분야] RF Transceiver, High-Speed Serial Interface 구자 현 2013 : ) 년 고려대학교 전기전자전파공학부 공학사 년 고려대학교 전자컴퓨터공학과 석 박사 통합과정 수료 현재: SK텔레콤 Embedded Tech. Lab(Ma2003 : ( ) 2007 : nager) [주 관심분야] Mixed Signal Design, Low Power Design 804 년 건국대학교 전자공학과 (공학사) 년 월 현재: 성균관대학교 정보통 신대학 석박통합과정 2013 :

8 EMI Noise 1991 : ( ) 1993 : ( ) 1997 : ( ) : SK TF(Project Leader) [ 주관심분야 ] SoC Design, System Architect 2003 : ( ) : ( ) : 2013 : [ 주관심분야 ] RF, / Mixed Mode 805

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