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1 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 3 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(3): ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Original Article 당뇨망막병증에의한유리체출혈에서동시에기록된명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위검사 Simultaneous Recording of Flash Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potential in Vitreous Hemorrhage with Diabetic Retinopathy 김윤경 1 김훈동 2 박태관 1 온영훈 1 Yoon Kyung Kim, MD 1, Hoon Dong Kim, MD 2, Tae Kwann Park, MD, PhD 1, Young-Hoon Ohn, MD, PhD 1 순천향대학교의과대학부천병원안과학교실 1, 순천향대학교의과대학천안병원안과학교실 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine 1, Bucheon, Korea Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine 2, Cheonan, Korea Purpose: To determine whether the simultaneous recording of photopic electroretinography (ERG) and flash visual evoked potential (VEP) can predict the postoperative outcome in diabetic cases where massive vitreous hemorrhage precludes fundus observation. Methods: The photopic ERG and flash VEP were recorded simultaneously on 20 eyes of 20 normal subjects, and 23 eyes of 23 patients who were diagnosed with Grade IV vitreous hemorrhage d/t diabetic retinopathy. Of the 23 patients, fellow eyes were diagnosed with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and they underwent pars plana vitrectomy after the test. Three groups were analyzed the responses of photopic ERG and flash VEP. Best corrected visual acuity was also checked before and after the surgery. After the 8 weeks after the vitrectomy, two groups were formed, based on the outcome of surgery and these two groups were analyzed the preoperative response of photopic ERG and flash VEP. Results: When comparing the groups between proliferative diabetic retinopathy and normal eyes, Grade IV vitreous hemorrhage and fellow eyes, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference in a wave amplitude, a wave implicit time, b wave amplitude, b wave implicit time of photopic ERG and P2 peak time of flash VEP. In addition, a wave amplitude of photopic ERG showed the best predictive ability (area under receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] curve value of 0.88) when comparing improved visual acuity group to the unimproved visual acuity group. Conclusions: Simultaneous recordings of photopic ERG and flash VEP showed the decreased function of retina and optic pathway on eyes with vitreous hemorrhage precluding inspection of the fundus. In addition, preoperative photopic ERG and flash VEP can safely predict the outcome of vitrectomy in dense vitreous hemorrhage of diabetics. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(3): Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Electroretinography, Simultaneous recordings, Visual evoked potentials, Vitreous hemorrhage Received: Revised: Accepted: Address reprint requests to Young-Hoon Ohn, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, #170 Jomaru-ro, Bucheon 14584, Korea Tel: , Fax: yhohn@schmc.ac.kr * We would like to thank Bora Lee, of Biostatistic Consulting, Soonchunhyang University Medical Center, for her assistance with the statistical advice throughout the study and preparation of this manuscript. * This work was supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund. 유리체출혈은심각한시력상실의주요위험인자로서흔한원인으로는증식당뇨망막병증, 후유리체박리, 망막박리, 안외상, 망막정맥폐쇄, 연령관련황반변성등이있다. 1 환자가안과에내원하였을때안저검사상 Grade IV ( 안저반사가소실되고시신경및주변부망막혈관이보이지않음 ) 2 의유리체출혈소견을보일때유리체출혈의원인을찾아내는것은매우어려우며이후의시력예후를예측하는것또한힘들어진다. 1년이상지속되는유리체출혈, 안저가확인되지않는 Grade IV의유리체출혈, 황반부를포함 c2017 The Korean Ophthalmological Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 305
2 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 3 호 - 하는견인망막박리등시력을위협하는경우유리체절제술을시행하게되며수술과정에서출혈의원인은알수있지만같은원인에서수술후의시력예후는지속적인경과관찰을하면서최종시력을확인해야한다. 섬광자극을이용한망막전위도및시유발전위검사는여러질환에서수술후의시력예후를측정하는데유용한지표로알려져왔다. 3-5 특히명순응망막전위도는암순응망막전위도에비해암순응과정이필요없어비교적쉽게기록할수있으며섬광시유발전위검사와동시에시행할수있는장점이있다. 또한진행된당뇨망막병증에서당뇨망막의기능적이상을기록하는데의미있는기능을한다고알려져있다. 6 섬광시유발전위검사는눈의전기생리학적검사로서눈에서뇌의시피질에이르는시로의기능을검사할목적으로사용되는검사로서외부로나타나지않는시로의이상유무를검사할수있다. 따라서저자는증식당뇨망막병증을진단받은환자에서 Grade IV의유리체출혈이발생하였을때수술전에망막및시기능전달경로의기능을확인하기위해명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위검사를동시에시행하였다. 수술후의시력을바탕으로시력이향상된군과향상되지않은군으로분류하여두군간명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위검사의결과값을후향적으로비교하여유리체절제술후의시력예후를예측하는인자로서의가능성이있는지를분석하고자하며, 이를통해두검사의예측력을비교하고자한다. 대상과방법 대상 2014년 1월부터 2014년 12월까지순천향대학교부천병원안과를방문한환자중이전에당뇨망막병증을진단받았으며안저확인이불가능한 Grade IV의유리체출혈을새로진단받은환자 23명 23안을출혈안으로하였다. 모든환자들은세극등현미경검사및검안경검사상당뇨병이외의안질환이없었으며, 안압이높거나, 고도근시, 심한수정체혼탁이있는환자와안구초음파상망막박리가확인된경우는대상에서제외하였다. 또한당뇨이외의전신적질환이있는환자도제외하였다. 대상환자들은양안의안저검사를시행한후안저사진과형광안저촬영을바탕으로 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) 분류에따라유리체출혈이없는반대안의당뇨망막병증의정도를평가하였는데, 환자군 23명의반대안모두증식당뇨망막병증이있었으며, 이를대조안으로하였다. 대상환자들은모두전유리체절제술을시행하였으며, 눈의상태에 따라망막광응고술, 기체액체치환, 초음파수정체흡입유화술및인공수정체후방삽입술등을병행하였다. 출혈안과대조안을증식당뇨망막병증군으로하여정상안의검사결과와비교하였으며, 이후증식당뇨망막병증군을출혈안과대조안으로세분화하여두군간수술전검사결과를비교하였다. 정상안은정상교정시력과정상망막소견을보이는지원자중당뇨군과비슷한연령대에서추출하여 33세에서 68세사이의정상인 21명 21안으로하였다. 모든대상안에서최대교정시력을측정하였는데, 환자군에서는유리체절제술시행 8주후에반복하여시행하였다. 최대교정시력은현성굴절검사결과를토대로교정한최대시력으로하였다. 이환군의수술전최대교정시력은모든환자에서 0.1 이하였는데, 수술 8주후최대교정시력이 0.1 이하이면시력향상이없는군, 0.1 이상이면시력향상이있는군으로나누어연령, 당뇨유병기간, 안과적소견 ( 백내장유무, 범망막광응고술유무 ) 을비교하였다. 방법전기생리학적검사는유리체절제술시행 1주일전명순응망막전위도및섬광시유발전위검사를양안에동시에시행하였으며, 정상지원자에게도같은방법으로시행하였다. 명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위를동시에기록하기위하여 VERIS TM System (EDI, San Mateo, CA, USA) 을이용하였다. 망막전위도측정을위하여양안에 Mydrine-P (0.5% Tropicamide, 0.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride, Santen, Japan) 를 5분간격으로 3회점안하여충분히산동시킨후 0.5% proparacaine (Alcaine, Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) 으로국소점안마취하였고, Burian-Allen 양극전극 (bipolar electrode) 에 1% methyl-cellulose를소량도포하여삽입하였다. 시유발전위측정을위하여보조전극 (reference electrode) 은이마중심, 기록전극 (active electrode) 은외후두융기점에서 2 cm 위에부착하였고접지전극 (ground electrode) 은검사안과같은쪽귓불에부착하였다. 빛자극은 VERIS TM System에포함되어있는 FG1 Fresnel Ganzfeld Stimulator를이용하여양안의 3 cm 전방에서 2 Hz, 10 cd/m 2 조건으로하였으며, Grass 15LT Amplifier System 을이용하여 High pass filter 1,000 Hz, Low pass filter 0.3 Hz, 60 Hz notch filer를적용하여전기생리반응을기록하였다. 주변조명은 15 cd/m 2 로유지하고 15분동안명순응을시행한후에검사를시행하였다. 1초이상의간격을두고 5번의반응을얻어이의평균값을구했다. 이반응에서명순응망막전위도의 a-파및 b-파의진폭과반응도달시간을측정하였다. 시유발전위는 2개의양성파가기록되었으며이때 P2- 파의진폭과반응도달시간을측정하였다. 306
3 - 김윤경외 : 유리체출혈, 망막전위도및시유발전위검사 - 통계분석군별임상적특성의통계적차이를검정하기위하여범주형변수의경우 Chi-square test 또는 Fisher's exact test를사용하였고, 연속형변수의경우정규성검정및등분산성검정결과에따라 Independent t-test 또는 Mann-Whitney U-test를사용하였다. 연속형변수의정규성과등분산성을확인하기위하여각각 Shapiro-Wilk test과 Levene's homogeneity of variance test를수행하였다. 유리체출혈군내에서치료후시력개선여부를예측하기위하여각측정변수에대하여 receiver operating characteristic (ROC) 분석을수행하였으며, ROC 곡선의아랫면적에해당하는 area under the curve (AUC) 와그값의 95% 신뢰구간을계산하였다. 각변수별개선여부를예측하기위한최적값의경우요덴의인덱스 (Youden, 1950) 7 를이용하여계산하였으며, 계산된최적값에대하여민감도 (sensitivity), 특이도 (specificity), 양성예측도 (positive predictive value), 음성예측도 (negative predictive value) 가도출되었다. 모든통계적인검정은양측검정을기반으로유의수준 0.05보다작은유의확률을보이는경우를유의한것으로간주하였으며, 통계분석은 SPSS version 14.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 과 R version (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) 을이용하여수행되었다. 결과 환자군 23명의평균연령은 54.3 ± 8.92세 (39-73세) 였고남자 15명, 여자 8명으로구성되었다. 정상군 20명의평균연령은 ± 9.28세 (38-69세) 였고남자 12명, 여자 9명으로구성되었다 (Table 1). 증식당뇨망막병증을진단받은환자군의명순응망막전위도의 a-파의진폭은 ± 6.43 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 5.41 ms이며정상안의 a-파의진폭은 ± 3.30 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 3.33 ms로두군간 a-파의진폭과반응도달시간은통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 환자군의명순응망막전위도의 b-파의진폭은 ± 8.38 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 5.41 ms이며정상안의 b-파의진폭은 ± 3.70 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 1.29 ms로두군간 b-파의진폭과반응도달시간은통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 환자군의섬광시유발전위검사의 P2의진폭은 ± 4.63 μv, 잠복기는 ± ms이며정상안의 P2의진폭은 ± 8.96 μv, 잠복기는 ± 8.08 ms으로두군간 P2의진폭과잠복기는통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05) (Table 2). 환자군을유리체출혈안과출혈이없는대조안으로분류하였을때출혈안의명순응망막전위도의 a-파의진폭은 Table 1. Characteristic per group Vit.Hm & PDR Normal Total Comparison (N = 23) (N = 21) (N = 44) (p-value * ) Age (year) 54.3 ± ± ± Sex (n, %) Male 15 (65.22) 12 (57.14) 27 (61.36) Female 8 (34.78) 9 (42.86) 17 (38.64) Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation for age and frequency (%) for sex. Vit.Hm = vitreous hemorrhage; PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy. * p-values were derived by independent t-test for age and chi-square test for sex. Table 2. Optical parameters per group Vit.Hm & PDR Normal Comparison (N = 46) (N = 21) (p-value * ) ERG a amplitude (μv) ± ± 3.30 <0.001 b amplitude (μv) ± ± 3.70 <0.001 a implicit time (ms) ± ± b implicit time (ms) ± ± 1.29 <0.001 VEP P2 amplitude (μv) ± ± P2 peak time (ms) ± ± Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Vit.Hm = vitreous hemorrhage; PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy; ERG = electroretinography; VEP = visual evoked potential. * p-values were derived by Mann-Whitney U-test. 307
4 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 3 호 ± 4.91 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 1.95 ms이며대조군인반대안의 a-파의진폭은 ± 7.07 μv, 반응도달시간은 18.2 ± 1.54 ms로두군에서 a-파의진폭과반응도달시간은통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 출혈안의명순응망막전위도의 b-파의진폭은 ± 6.71 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 5.71 ms이며대조안의 b-파의진폭은 ± 9.14 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 3.65 ms로두군에서 b-파의진폭과반응도달시간은통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 출혈안의섬광시유발전위도의 P2의진폭은 ± 2.63 μv, 잠복기는 ± 6.01 ms 이며대조안의 P2의진폭은 ± 6.08 μv, 잠복기는 ± ms로 P2의진폭의크기는두군간유의한차이를보이지는않았다 (p>0.05). 반면 P2의잠복기는두군간통계학적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05) (Table 3). 23명의환자군의유리체출혈안은모두유리체절제술을시행받았으며수술 8주후시행한최대교정시력을바탕으로분류한시력향상군은 12명, 시력향상이없는군은 11 명이었다. 시력향상군의평균연령은 ± 9.31세였고, 남자 6명, 여자 6명이었다. 시력향상이없는군의평균연령은 ± 8.88세였으며, 남자 9명, 여자 2명이었다. 시력향상군과시력향상이없는군에서의당뇨유병기간은각각 ± 6.65년, 16 ± 7.64년으로두군간유의한차이는없었으며백내장이함께확인된경우는각각 6명, 8명이었으며범망막광응고술이시행되어있는경우는각각 6안, 6안으로두군간유의한차이는없었다 (p>0.05) (Table 4). 시력향상군과시력향상이없는군에서의수술전시행한명순응망막전위도및섬광시유발전위를비교하였을때시력향상군에서의명순응망막전위도의 a-파의진폭은 12.6 ± 4.67 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 2.19 ms였으며시력향상이없는군의 a-파의진폭은 4.94 ± 1.59 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 1.36 ms로 a-파의진폭은두군간통계학적으로유의한차이를보였으나 (p<0.05) 반응도달시간에는유의한차이가없었다. 또한시력향상군에서의명순응망막전위도의 b-파의진폭은 ± 6.27 μv, 반응도달시간은 53.9 ± 5.22 ms였으며시력향상이없는군의 b-파의진폭은 8.33 ± 2.04 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 4.23 ms로 Table 3. Optical parameters per group Vit.Hm PDR Comparison (N = 23) (N = 23) (p-value * ) ERG a amplitude (μv) 9.54 ± ± b amplitude (μv) ± ± a implicit time (ms) ± ± b implicit time (ms) ± ± VEP P2 amplitude (μv) ± ± P2 peak time (ms) ± ± Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Vit.Hm = vitreous hemorrhage; PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy; ERG = electroretinography; VEP = visual evoked potential. * p-values were derived by Mann-Whitney U-test. Table 4. Characteristic per improvement status in the Vitreous hemorrhage group Improved Unimproved Total Comparison (N = 12) (N = 11) (N = 23) (p-value * ) Age (year) ± ± ± Sex Male 6 (50) 9 (81.82) 15 (65.22) Female 6 (50) 2 (18.18) 8 (34.78) DM duration (year) ± ± ± Cataract O 6 (50) 8 (72.73) 14 (60.87) X 6 (50) 3 (27.27) 9 (39.13) Photocoagulation O 6 (50) 6 (54.55) 12 (52.17) 1 X 6 (50) 5 (45.45) 11 (47.83) Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and frequency (%) for categorical variables. DM = diabetic retinopathy. * p-values were derived by independent t-test for age and chi-square test for sex. 308
5 - 김윤경외 : 유리체출혈, 망막전위도및시유발전위검사 - b-파의진폭및반응도달시간은두군간유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 시력향상군에서시행한섬광시유발전위의 P2의진폭은 ± 1.39 μv, 잠복기는 ± 6.35 ms 이며시력향상이없는군에서의 P2의진폭은 ± 3.21 μv, 잠복기는 ± 2.31 ms로반응도달시간에서두군간에통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05) (Table 5). 유리체절제술을시행하는동안확인한황반부의상태는시력향상군과시력향상이없는군에서확연한차이를보였다. 시력향상군 12안에서 6안에서는정상황반부가확인되었으며 4안에서는당뇨황반병증, 1안에서는섬유증식막, 1안에서는황반부견인이확인되었다. 반면시력향상이없는군 11안중에서는 4안에서당뇨황반병증, 3안에서섬유증식막, 4안에서황반부견인이확인되었으며정상황반소견은없었다 (Table 6). 출혈안의황반부상태에따른시력향상여부를확인하였는데, 정상황반 6안은모두시력향상을보였으며황반부종이있던경우에는 1안은시력향상을보였으나 4안은시력향상을보이지않았다. 섬유증식막의경우, 1안은시력향상을보였으며 3안은시력향상을보이지않았다. 견인막의경우에는 4안은시력향상을보였으며 4안은시력향상을보이지않았다. 정상황반, 황반부종, 섬유증식막의경우에는표본수가부족하여시력향상여부에따른검사결과를비교할수없었으며, 견인막의경우시력향상군의명순응망막전위도 a-파의진폭은 8.11 ± 2.04 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 1.77 ms이며시력향상이없는군의 a-파의진폭은 4.64 ± 1.09 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 1.66 ms로 a-파의진폭은두군간유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 시력향상군의명순응망막전위도 b-파의진폭은 ± 1.65 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± ms였으며시력향상이없는군의 b-파진폭은 8.83 ± 2.15 μv, 반응도달시간은 ± 3.68 ms로 b-파의진폭과반응도달시간모두두군간유의한차이는없었다 (p>0.05). 섬광시유 발전위를비교하였을때시력향상군의 P2의진폭은 ± 2.59 μv, 잠복기는 ± 5.30 ms이며시력향상이없는군의 P2의진폭은 ± 1.79 μv, 잠복기는 ± 2.22 ms로 P2의잠복기는두군간통계적으로유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 유리체수술후의시력예후를예측하기위한명순응망막전위도및섬광시유발전위검사결과의각인자의 ROC curve 및 area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 를비교해봤을때명순응망막전위도의 a-파의진폭이 AUROC 0.88 ( ) 로가장컸으며, b-파의진폭은 AUROC 0.85 ( ), 섬광시유발전위도의 P2의잠복기는 AUROC 0.85 ( ), 명순응망막전위도의 b-파의반응도달시간은 AUROC 0.81 ( ), a-파의반응도달시간은 AUROC 0.69 ( ), 섬광시유발전위도의 P2의진폭은 AUROC 0.69 ( ) 로측정되었다 (Table 7, Fig. 1). 고 찰 당뇨망막병증에서의망막기능을평가하기위해안저컬러사진촬영과형광안저촬영을시행하는것외에망막전위도및시유발전위검사를시행한연구는이전에도진행되었다. 또한시력예후를예측하는인자를확인하기위해망막전위도또는시유발전위검사단독으로진행된연구또한보고된바가있다. 이들연구에서는암순응및명순응망막 Table 6. Retinal finding as vitrectomy Improved Unimproved (N = 12) (N = 11) Normal macular 6 0 Diabetic maculopathy 4 4 Fibrovascular membranes 1 3 Macular traction/detachment 1 4 Table 5. Optical parameters per group Improved Unimproved Comparison (N = 12) (N = 11) (p-value * ) ERG a amplitude (μv) ± ± b amplitude (μv) ± ± a implicit time (ms) ± ± b implicit time (ms) 53.9 ± ± VEP P2 amplitude (μv) ± ± P2 peak time (ms) ± ± Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. ERG = electroretinography; VEP = visual evoked potential. * p-values were derived by Mann-Whitney U-test. 309
6 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 3 호 - Table 7. Predictive performance of optical parameter for visual improvement Improvement SEN SPE ACC PPV NPV AUC (95% CI) ERG a amplitude ( ) b amplitude ( ) a implicit time ( ) b implicit time ( ) VEP P2 amplitude ( ) P2 peak time ( ) Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV were computed using the threshold by Youden's index. 95% CI of AUC was calculated by Delong's method. SEN = sensitivity; SPE = specificity; ACC = accuracy; PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = negative predictive value; AUC = area under the curve; CI = confidence interval; ERG = electroretinography; VEP = visual evoked potential. 1-specificity Figure 1. Receiver operating characteristic curves of optical parameters for visual improvement. ERG = electroretinography; VEP = visual evoked potential. 전위도모두에서당뇨망막병증이진행될수록진동소파전위진폭의합이감소하며반응도달시간이연장됨을증명하였고, 이중진폭의변화가반응도달시간의변화보다기능변화를판단하는데대한지표로더의미있음을보고하였다. 8,9 하지만위논문은전체망막전위도의 b-파의유용성만을확인했고, a-파에대한검사는진행하지않았었다. Hiraiwa et al 10 에의해당뇨망막병증에의한유리체출혈에서명순응망막전위도검사를시행하였을때수술후시력예후가좋은군에서시력예후가좋지않은군보다수술전 b/a ratio가높았다고보고되었다. 또한몇몇연구에서수술전명순응망막전위도의 b-파진폭이낮은경우수술후합병증이발생할확률이높다고보고하였다. 11 또한당뇨망막병증으로인한유리체출혈에서시유발전위검사를시행하였을때유리체출혈에서는잠복기가의미있게연장되었음이보고되었으며잠복기가연장된군에서 수술후합병증이발생하는비율이높았다고보고되어있다. 5 Scherfig et al 12 역시섬광시유발전위검사의잠복기는유리체절제술을시행한당뇨망막병증에의한유리체출혈에서수술후의결과와밀접한관련이있다고보고하였다. 그들은 44명의환자중 32명 (73%) 에서섬광시유발전위검사의예측력이적용되었으며두번째연구에서는 116명의환자중 73명 (63%) 에서예측력이적용되었다고보고하였다. 이처럼당뇨망막병증에서망막전위도와시유발전위검사모두시력예후를예측하는데의미있는검사임이연구되었으나두검사를동시에시행하여비교한연구는시행된바없다. 본연구는망막전위도와시유발전위검사를동시에시행하였을때어느검사가수술전망막및시각경로의기능을판단하는지표로더유의한지비교함과동시에수술후시력예후를예측하는인자로서의유용성을판단하기위해진행되었다. 명순응망막전위도와시유발전위검사를동시에시행하게되면한번의검사로황반부의망막기능과시기능전달경로의기능을알수있으며정확한망막-시피질전달시간을측정할수있다. 또한암순응망막전위도에서반드시해야하는암순응과정이필요없으며한번에두가지검사가동시에기록되기때문에환자및의료인이비교적쉽게검사할수있다. 본연구에서는명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위의진폭은정상안에서가장높았고증식당뇨망막병증, 유리체출혈순서로감소하였으며반응도달시간은반대로정상안에서가장짧았고증식당뇨망막병증, 유리체출혈순서로연장되었다. 유리체출혈안에서는수술후시력향상을보인환자들이시력향상이없는경우에비하여명순응망막전위도의진폭은컸으며, 시력향상이없는군에서는섬광시유발전위의잠복기가의미있게연장되었다. 23안의유리체출혈안에서수술후시력향상을보일가능성을확인하기위한각파형들의진폭과반응도달시간의 AUROC 를비 310
7 - 김윤경외 : 유리체출혈, 망막전위도및시유발전위검사 - 교해봤을때명순응망막전위도의 a-파의진폭의 AUROC 가 0.88로예측력이가장높았으며, 명순응망막전위도의 b-파의진폭과섬광시유발전위의잠복기의 AUROC도 0.85로높은수치를나타내어두검사를동시에시행하였을때두검사모두에서수술후시력예후의예측력을나타내었다. 이는이전에연구되었던망막전위도 b-파의예측력 8 에더하여섬광시유발전위 P2의예측력도동시에측정하여두검사의예측력을비교할수있게되었고, 명순응망막전위도의 a-파및 b-파의진폭과반응도달시간의예측력을모두확인하고의미있는반응을확인했다는데의미가있다. 따라서명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위도를동시에시행하게되면전체망막전위도의암순응과정을거치지않고도유리체출혈환자의시력예후를예측할수있다는점에서임상적유용성이있다고할수있다. 하지만본연구에서는표본의수가적었기에위결과를교차검증할수없었으며따라서즉각적으로임상에적용하는데에는주의해야할것으로생각한다. 명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위를동시에시행하기위해산동후검사를시행하게되었다. 이전에섬광시유발전위의진폭및잠복기는산동으로인해유의한변화를보이지않았다는결과가발표된바있으며, 13 본연구에서는대조군에서도동일하게산동후검사를시행하였기에대상군간의비교에는무리가없다고판단하나, 일반적으로동공의크기가시유발전위의잠복기에영향을줄수있어동공의크기가비정상적으로크거나비대칭이있을때검사에주의해야함을고려하였을때본연구의제한점이될수있을것으로생각한다. 이외에도본연구는대상환자가적은것이가장큰한계점으로생각되며이로인해유리체출혈안의망막상태에따른시력예후를예측하는지표로서의가능성을확인하지못하였다. 또한유리체출혈수술전범망막광응고술의시행여부는시력향상군과시력향상이없는군에서차이가없었지만범망막광응고술의강도, 범위의다양성은명순응망막전위도검사결과에영향을줄수있을것으로생각한다. 안저확인이되지않는유리체출혈안에서수술후시력향상여부를미리예측하는연구는임상적으로반드시필요한연구이기에본연구에서는전기생리학적검사의가능성을탐색적으로확인하는것을목표로하였다. 수술전검 사로명순응망막전위도및섬광시유발전위검사를시행하면한번의검사로중심부및주변부의망막상태및전체망막의허혈정도를확인할수있을뿐만아니라수술후시력예후를예측할수있을것으로사료되며추후시행될연구에서실제로임상에적용가능한지에대해많은수의표본을대상으로확장된연구가필요할것으로사료된다. REFERENCES 1) Goff MJ, McDonald HR, Johnson RN, et al. Causes and treatment of vitreous hemorrhage. Compr Ophthalmol Update 2006;7: ) Ziemianski MC, McMeel JW, Franks EP. Natural history of vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1980;87: ) Francols J, Rouck AD. Electrodiagnosis, Toxic Agents and Vision: 15th I.S.C.E.V. Symposium Ghent, Belgium, June 20-23, 1977 (Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series) ( ). Netherlands: Springer, 1662; , ) Freeman MH, Hirose T, Schepens CL. Vitreous Surgery and Advances in Fundus Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1977; ) Scherfig E, Tinning S, Edmund J, Trojaborg W. Visual evoked potential as prognostic factor for vitrectomy in diabetic eys. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1983;61: ) Kim HK, Kwon JY, Kim SH. Photopic electroretinogram in adult diabetics. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1999;40: ) Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer 1950;3: ) Park SE, Sun HJ, Lee HJ, et al. The role of electroretinography in assessing the progression of diabetic retinopathy. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51: ) Bresnick GH, Palta M. Oscillatory potential amplitudes: Relation to severity of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1987;105: ) Hiraiwa T, Horio N, Terasaki H, et al. Preoperative electroretinogram and postoperative visual outcome in patients with diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2003;47: ) Yeom MI, Kim NE, Lee SJ, Park JM. Prognostic factors for neovascular glaucoma after vitrectomy in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56: ) Scherfig E, Edmund J, Tinning S, Trojaborg W. Flash visual evoked potential as a prognostic factor for vitreous operations in diabetic eyes. Ophthalmology 1984;91: ) Skalka H, Holman J. Effect of pupillary dilatation in flash VER testing. Doc Ophthalmol 1986;63:
8 - 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 3 호 - = 국문초록 = 당뇨망막병증에의한유리체출혈에서동시에기록된명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위검사 목적 : 증식당뇨망막병증에의한심한유리체출혈에서동시에기록된명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위검사의임상적유용성을알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 당뇨망막병증으로인한 Grade IV 의유리체출혈을진단받은 23 명과특이내과적및안과적과거력이없는일반인 20 명을대상으로명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위검사를동시에시행하였다. 대상환자 23 명은단안유리체출혈을진단받았으며반대안은증식당뇨망막병증을진단받았다. 정상안과증식당뇨망막병증의파형을비교하였고, 증식당뇨망막병증을세분화하여유리체출혈안과출혈이없는대조안에서의명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위의파형을비교하였다. 유리체출혈을진단받은환자들은모두검사후유리체절제술을시행받았으며수술 8 주후최대교정시력을확인하여시력향상군과시력향상이없는군으로분류하였고, 두군간수술전파형을비교하였다. 결과 : 정상안과증식당뇨망막병증의비교및증식당뇨망막병증에서출혈안과대조안의비교에서명순응망막전위도의 a- 파와 b- 파의진폭, 섬광시유발전위의 P2 의진폭은출혈안에서진폭의크기가가장작았고정상안의진폭의크기가가장컸으며 a- 파와 b- 파의진폭은각군간유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 명순응망막전위도의 a- 파와 b- 파의반응도달시간, 섬광시유발전위의 P2 의잠복기는모두출혈안에서가장길었고정상안에서가장짧았으며각군간유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.05). 시력향상이없는군과시력향상이있는군의수술전검사결과를비교하였을때명순응망막전위도의 a- 파의진폭이 area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.88 ( ) 로가장높았다. 결론 : 동시에기록되는명순응망막전위도와섬광시유발전위는망막과시신경의기능을동시에측정하여안저확인이불가능한유리체출혈환자에서수술후시력예후를예측할수있는지표로이용될수있다. < 대한안과학회지 2017;58(3): > 312
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