THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Aug.; 27(8),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Aug.; 27(8), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) FBMC UFMC Nonlinear Characteristics Evaluation of the FBMC and UFMC System for the G Mobile Communication 안창영 유흥균 Changyoung An Heung-Gyoon Ryu 요약. UFMC(Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier), FBMC(Filter Bank Multi-Carrier), W(Weighted)-OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). OFDM UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM HPA(High Power Amplifier), BER(Bit Error Rate)., HPA UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM BER. HPA Windowing W-OFDM. Abstract Recently, novel candidate waveform techniques for spectral efficiency improvement was proposed in order to satisfy key performance indicators(kpis) of th generation(g) mobile communication. Multi-carrier based universal filtered multi-carrier(ufmc) and filter bank multi-carrier(fbmc) are very famous as G candidate waveform techniques. Also, weighted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (W-OFDM) that has low-complexity is receiving the spotlight slowly. In this paper, firstly, we describe a basic OFDM system. And then, we also describe UFMC, FBMC, and W-OFDM system. Next, we evaluate and analyze spectrum and BER performance of these systems under the nonlinear high power amplifier(hpa) environment. As simulation results, spectrum characteristic and BER performance of UFMC, FBMC, and W-OFDM are similar to each other. Therefore, under the nonlinear HPA environment, W-OFDM system is more advantageous because W-OFDM system uses a simple time-domain windowing technique and has similar characteristics to the others. Key words: FBMC, UFMC, W-OFDM, HPA Nonlinearity, Low Complexity. 서론 G(th Generation). G 4G KPI(Key Performance Indicator) [1]. KPI G 201 (This work was supported by the intramural research grant of Chungbuk National University in 201). (Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University) Manuscript received April 7, 2016 ; Revised June 27, 2016 ; Accepted July 28, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Heung-Gyoon Ryu ( ecomm@cbu.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 72

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug (embb: Enhanced Mobile Broadband), (Massive Internet of Things), (Mission-critical Services) [2],[3]. G KPI [3]., (waveform) [4],[6]. G OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) []. UFMC(Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier), FBMC(Filter Bank Multi-Carrier) [],[6], W(Weighted) - OFDM. OOB(Out-of-Band). OOB, (guard band). OFDM, IDFT(inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) [6]. OFDM CP(Cyclic Prefix) [6],[7].,,, OFDM. G OFDM. UFMC, OOB [8],[9]. FBMC OOB, OOB [10],[11]. W-OFDM CP OFDM Windowing OOB. Windowing 4G LTE, 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project). OOB, HPA(High Power Amplifier) OOB. PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio), PAPR HPA, OOB., OOB., OOB, OOB,,. G HPA,., OFDM UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM., HPA BER. BER.. 세대이동통신후보변조기술 2-1 OFDM 1 OFDM. idft [6]. DFT. OFDM CP, 726

3 FBMC UFMC 그림 1. OFDM Fig. 1. Block diagram of OFDM system., OOB [6],[7]. 2-2 UFMC 2 UFMC. OFDM UFMC [8]. 2N DFT, [9]. UFMC OOB. HPA. 2-3 FBMC 3 FBMC. FBMC 그림 2. UFMC Fig. 2. Block diagram of UFMC system. 그림 3. FBMC Fig. 3. Block diagram of FBMC system.. OQ- AM(Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), Synthesis Filter Bank [10]. Analysis Filter Bank. FBMC OOB [11]. FB- MC, OOB, [12]. OOB HPA. 2-4 W-OFDM W-OFDM OFDM Windowing. Windowing, OOB., OOB [12]. Windowing LTE(Long-term Evolution) WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network). OOB. G UFMC FBMC.. 3GPP G [12]. 727

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug. 2016. 그림 4. W-OFDM Fig. 4. Block diagram of W-OFDM system. 4 W-OFDM. W- OFDM OFDM CP,., Windowing.

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug 그림 4. W-OFDM Fig. 4. Block diagram of W-OFDM system. 4 W-OFDM. W- OFDM OFDM CP,., Windowing. W-OFDM. W-OFDM CP-OFDM Extension, Windowing. Windowing W-OFDM OOB.,, OOB. 6 W-OFDM. W-OFDM,, OOB. 6 (a) 10, 6 (b) (a) (b), OOB. OOB., TTI(Transmission Time Interval). TTI. (a) Extension length : 10 (b) Extension length : 30 그림. W-OFDM Fig.. Tx signal generation of W-OFDM system. 그림 6. W-OFDM Fig. 6. Spectrum characteristic of W-OFDM transmit signal according to extension length. 728

5 FBMC UFMC. 비선형 HPA 모델 3-1 Saleh 모델 HPA,.. HPA,,. Saleh. HPA Saleh AM-AM AM-PM [13]. 표 1. HPA Table 1. Condition of HPA nonlinearity. Condition AM-AM AM-PM 0 =1 =0 (Linear) =0 = =1 =0.01 =0.01 =0.01 =1 =0.03 =0.02 =0.01 =1 =0.0 =0.03 =0.01 =1 =0.07 =0.04 =0.01 (1) 4 HPA Nonlinearity (2) Output Voltage Phase Difference (1) Saleh AM-AM. A(t),.. (2) Saleh AM-PM. AM- PM 시뮬레이션을위한비선형조건 Input Signal (a) Condition 0(linear) Output Voltage HPA Nonlinearity Input Signal (b) Condition 1 (c) Condition 2 HPA Nonlinearity HPA Nonlinearity 0 0 Phase Difference OFDM, UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM HPA BER 4. 1 HPA Saleh. 1 (1) (2) HPA. Output Voltage Input Signal Phase Difference Output Voltage Input Signal (d) Condition 3 (e) Condition 4 그림 7. HPA Fig. 7. Condition of HPA nonlinearity for simulation Phase Difference 729

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug , 1 4 HPA. 1, 4.. 시뮬레이션결과및분석 HPA , 16. BER 32.,., 64 16, , 2 40, 표 2. Table 2. Simulation parameters Parameter Modulation # of total subcarrier (Total system) # of used subcarrier (Total system) Filter for FBMC Filter for UFMC Value QAM 64 16(For spectrum) 32(For BER) Phydyas prototype H0=1 H1= H2= H3= Chebyshev Attenuation=60 db # of taps=10 # of sub-band in UFMC 64/8 Extension length in W-OFDM 16*2 # of cyclic prefix for OFDM and W-OFDM 9 DC. W-OFDM Windowing Chevyshev. OFDM W-OFDM CP(Cyclic Prefix) 9, UFMC Zero Padding 9. UFMC Zero Padding., OFDM CP UFMC. UFMC Chebyshev 10, 1. FBMC 4, 4 PPN FBMC CP OFDM 1.. FBMC Short Burst,. Long Burst,, OFDM, UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM. 1 4 OOB, 4 UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM OOB db OOB. OFDM OOB, FBMC OOB 730

FBMC UFMC (a) OFDM / linear condition (b) UFMC / linear

Spectrum of the candidate waveforms under the linear HPA

Condition OFDM UFMC FBMC W-OFDM 0 26 db 83 db 120 db 90 db 1

7 FBMC UFMC (a) OFDM / linear condition (b) UFMC / linear condition (c) FBMC / linear condition (d) W-OFDM / linear condition 그림 8. HPA Fig. 8. Spectrum of the candidate waveforms under the linear HPA condition. 표 3. OOB Table 3. Comparison of OOB power. Condition OFDM UFMC FBMC W-OFDM 0 26 db 83 db 120 db 90 db 1 26 db 82 db 8 db 8 db 2 26 db 74 db 7 db 7 db 3 26 db 66 db 67 db 69 db 4 26 db 61 db 62 db 63 db. OOB 1 2 db. OOB OFDM, UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM HPA BER. BER, HPA 731

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug. 2016.

(c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 11. FBMC Fig. 11. Tx spectrum of FBMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition.

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug (a) Condition 1 (b) Condition 2 (a) Condition 1 (b) Condition 2 (c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 9. OFDM Fig. 9. Tx spectrum of OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. (c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 11. FBMC Fig. 11. Tx spectrum of FBMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. (a) Condition 1 (b) Condition 2 (a) Condition 1 (b) Condition 2 (c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 10. UFMC Fig. 10. Tx spectrum of UFMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. (c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 12. W-OFDM Fig. 12. Tx spectrum of W-OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. 732

BER performance of OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity

9 FBMC UFMC 그림 13. OFDM BER Fig. 13. BER performance of OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. 그림 1. FBMC BER Fig. 1. BER performance of FBMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. 그림 14. UFMC BER Fig. 14. BER performance of UFMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. BER. PAPR.. 결론 BER, HPA, BER 그림 16. W-OFDM BER Fig. 16. BER performance of W-OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity condition., OFDM UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM,. Windowing OOB W-OFDM FBMC UFMC. 733

[2] E. Dahlman, G. Mildh, S. Parkvall, J. Peisa, J. Sachs, Y. Seleń, and J. Sko ld, "G wireless access: requirements and realization", Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 2, no. 12, pp.

10 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug References [1] Shanzhi Chen, Jian Zhao, "The requirements, challenges, and technologies for G of terrestrial mobile telecommunication", Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 2, no., pp , May [2] E. Dahlman, G. Mildh, S. Parkvall, J. Peisa, J. Sachs, Y. Seleń, and J. Sko ld, "G wireless access: requirements and realization", Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 2, no. 12, pp , December [3] G. Wunder et al., "GNOW: non-orthogonal, asynchronous waveforms for future mobile applications", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 2, no. 2, pp , Feb [4] P. Banelli et al., "Modulation formats and waveforms for the physical layer of G wireless networks: Who will be the heir of OFDM?", in arxiv: , Jul [] F. Schaich, T. Wild, "Waveform contenders for G - OFDM vs. FBMC vs. UFMC", Communications, Control and Signal Processing(ISCCSP), th International Symposium on, pp , May [6] G. Berardinelli, K. Pajukoski, E. Lahetkangas, R. Wichman, O. Tirkkonen, and P. Mogensen, "On the potential of OFDM enhancements as G waveforms", Vehicular Technology Conference(VTC Spring), 2014 IEEE 79th, Seoul, pp. 1-, [7] H. Mahmoud, T. Yucek, and H. Arslan, "OFDM for cognitive radio: merits and challenges", in Wireless Communications, IEEE, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 6-1, April [8] V. Vakilian, T. Wild, F. Schaich, S. ten Brink, and J. -F. Frigon, "Universal-filtered multi-carrier technique for wireless systems beyond LTE", in Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2013 IEEE, pp , 9-13 Dec [9] Mukherjee, Mithun, Shu Lei, Kumar Vikas, Kumar Prashant, and Matam Rakesh, "Reduced out-of-band radiation-based filter optimization for UFMC systems in G", in Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference(IWCMC), 201 International, pp , Aug [10] B. Farhang-Boroujeny, "OFDM versus filter bank multicarrier", in Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, vol. 28, no. 3, pp , May [11] Wonsuk Chung, Beomju Kim, Moonchang Choi, Hyungju Nam, Hyunkyu Yu, Sooyoung Choi, and Daesik Hong, "Synchronization error in QAM-Based FBMC system", in Military Communications Conference(MIL- COM), 2014 IEEE, pp , 6-8 Oct [12] 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1, "R (waveform candidates)", 3GPP, 11-1 April [13] P. Drotar, J. Gazda, D. Kocur, and P. Galajda, "MC- CDMA performance analysis for different spreading codes at HPA Saleh model", 18th Int. Conf. Radioelektronika, pp. 1-4, Prague, Apr : ( ) : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ], 1988 : : 1996 : IEEE, IET 2002 : 2008 : ICWMC 2008 "Best Paper Award 2009 : SPACOMM 2009 "Best Paper Award" [ 주관심분야 ],, G/BG, 734

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Apr.; 29(4),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Apr.; 29(4), 299 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.4.299 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design