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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 25(2, ISSN (Print ISSN X (Online 20 GHz Analysis of Channel Characteristics at Around 20 GHz for Satellite On-The-Move Terminal 권건섭 허종완 황기민 임철민 유흥균 Kun-Sup Kwon Jong-Wan Heo Ki-Min Hwang Chul-Min Lim Heung-Gyoon Ryu* 요약 OTM(On-The-Move: GHz,. Markov, ACD(Average Connection Duration, AFD(Average Fade Duration, LCR(Level Crossing Rate,. Abstract This paper describes the analysis results of channel characteristics in the operating area of satellite OTM(On-The-Move terminal. The communication channel between the Koreasat-5 and OTM terminal on a test car is measured and recorded from Daejeon to Daecheon, using the downlink frequency of around 20 GHz. And the measurement data are divided into two classes ; highway environment and national road environment, and then are statistically analyzed. The statistical evaluation of satellite channel is conducted by using probability density function and Markov model and then presents average connection duration(acd, average fade duration(afd, and level crossing rate(lcr of highway environment and national road environment. Finally the statistics data of the two environments are compared with each other. Key words: Satellite Communication Channel, On-The-Move, Average Connection Duration, Average Fade Duration, Level Cross- ing Rate. 서론 OTM,.,., L, S, X, Ku, K, Ka. (Agency for Defense Development * (Department of Electronic Engineering, Chungbuk National University Manuscript received October 8, 2013 ; Revised November 25, 2013 ; Accepted December 1, (ID No Corresponding Author: Kun-Sup Kwon ( kevin.kwon@add.re.kr c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 223

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb. 2014. OTM., (shadowing (blockage,.,,.

. 채널측정방법및조건 2-1 시험개요 그림 1. Fig. 1. The pictures of a test car with OTM terminal. 표 1. OTM [13] Table 1.

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb OTM., (shadowing (blockage,.,,. Ka OTM [1]. OTM (urban, (open or rural, (highway [1] [7].,,,. OTM,. OTM (blockage. [1] [7]., Markov. Gilbert Markov [8],.. 20 GHz.. 채널측정방법및조건 2-1 시험개요 그림 1. Fig. 1. The pictures of a test car with OTM terminal. 표 1. OTM [13] Table 1. The main specifications of OTM terminal [13]. : GHz : GHz : 1.2 : km/h 0.15 rms Ka OTM, 20 GHz. Ka OTM,, RF,. OTM 1 1. OTM 5. SNR 500 Hz, (SNR 40 db

표 2. Table 2. Description of routing path. IC IC 42.8 km IC 56.7 km :,, 2, 100 Hz. 2-2 채널에영향을주는요소 OTM,,.

3 20 GHz 그림 2. OTM Fig. 2. Block diagram of receiving path in OTM terminal. 그림 4. Fig. 4. Receiving antenna pattern of OTM terminal.,, , 2., 그림 3. Fig. 3. Routing path for measurement. 표 2. Table 2. Description of routing path. IC IC 42.8 km IC 56.7 km :,, 2, 100 Hz. 2-2 채널에영향을주는요소 OTM,,. OTM 0.15 rms , ±0.8 deg Fitting. ( 0.15 rms 99.7 % 1.3 db. 1.3 db (threshold. LOS (Line of Sight 1.3 db...., 225

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb 그림 5. ( Fig. 5. Signal power variation vs distance(highway env.. 그림 6. ( Fig. 6. Signal power variation vs distance(national road env.. [6] , 1 m. (shadowing db,. 6,.,,, 4 5 db.. 통계적분석및결과 [1] [6]. 3, (probability density models, (discrete models, 2 (second order statistics: Average Fade Duration, Average Connection Duration, Level Crossing Rate. 그림 7. ( Fig. 7. Data description for terminology(national road env.. 226

5 20 GHz [2]. 2., 6 9,700 m 수신신호세기에대한확률밀도모델 (single model (mixture model.,., [9] [11]. OTM LOS, [3]. 20 GHz LOS. LOS, (Ricean non-central chi-square., (1, S, K (direct-to-multipath signal power ratio; rice factor, 1 0 (modified zero-order Bessel function of the first kind. (1 LOS 1,., LOS - - (lognormal [10]., (Rayleigh central chi- square., (2.. (3., ln exp log (3,, (blockage [10],[11]. OTM LOS [3]., (4.,. 8 9, curve fitting. 3., 16 [1],[2]. 3,,. 227

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb. 2014. 그림 8. ( Fig. 8. Probability density of receiving signal power(national road env.. 그림 10.

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb 그림 8. ( Fig. 8. Probability density of receiving signal power(national road env.. 그림 10. complementary CDF Fig. 10. Complementary CDFs for received signal power in two test environment(national road and highway.. 10 ( 5 db 1.1 %, 1.3 db. 1.3 db LOS., 10 OTM. 95 % 2.8 db. 그림 9. ( Fig. 9. Probability density of receiving signal power(highway env.. 표 3. Table 3. Probability density model parameters db db db CC- DF(Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function 3-2 이산모델 - Markov 모델, curve fitting, (second order statistics. OTM Markov [1] [6], Gilbert [8], Gilbert, Markov 228

7 20 GHz (5, (6 Complementary CDF. P r P r (10 그림 11. Two-state Markov Fig. 11. Two-state Markov model.. Markov (state (threshold Good, Bad, 11 p gb, p bg. Good Good p gg, Bad p gb,.. Good D g, Bad D b [6]. P r P r (5 (6 Good ACD(Average Connection Duration Bad AFD(Average Fade Duration. (5 (6 P r P r (11 (Random Variable.,, (threshold Connection duration Fade duration CCDF. fitting ( : 6.5 db, : 4.5 db. Connection duration Fade duration ACD ( : m, : m, AFD( : 21.3 m, : 10.1 m, (7, (8,., (10, ( (7 (8 [6]. (9 그림 12. Connection duration CCDF( Fig. 12. CCDF of connection duration(national road env.. 229

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb 그림 13. Fade duration CCDF( Fig. 13. CCDF of fade duration(national road env.. 그림 16. (Lutz [2] Fig. 16. Satellite channel simulator(lutz model [2] Lutz [2]. Markov e(t. (12 그림 14. Connection duration CCDF( Fig. 14. CCDF of connection duration(highway env.., (White Gaussian noise 차통계량 (Second Order Statistics 그림 15. Fade duration CCDF( Fig. 15. CCDF of fade duration(highway env.. 3-1,. OTM 2 Fade duration, Connection duration, LCR(Level Crossing Rate, 3-2,.,,,, 230

9 20 GHz 그림 17. connection duration CCDF (, threshold= 3, 5, 10 db Fig. 17. CCDFs of connection duration vs threshold(national road env., threshold= 3, 5, 10 db. 그림 19. fade duration CCDF(, threshold= 3, 5, 10 Fig. 19. CCDFs of fade duration vs threshold(national road env., threshold= 3, 5, 10 db. 그림 18. connection duration CCDF (, threshold= 3, 5, 10 db Fig. 18. CCDFs of connection duration vs threshold(highway env., threshold= 3, 5, 10 db db, 5 db, 10 db Connection duration Fade duration CCDF. Connection duration, Fade duration., Connection duration, Fade duration 그림 20. fade duration CCDF(, threshold= 3, 5, 10 db Fig. 20. CCDFs of fade duration vs threshold(highway env., threshold= 3, 5, 10 db.., connection duration, fade duration ACD, AFD ACD, AFD. ACD AFD 231

10 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb 그림 21. ACD Fig. 21. Comparison of ACDs as a function of threshold. (LOS , 3 4 db ACD, AFD, (shadow edge: 7., db., 3 db (blockage:, ACD AFD. LCR, 7. LCR AFD, [12]. Pr 그림 22. AFD Fig. 22. Comparison of AFDs as a function of threshold.,, [6] ACD AFD ( (blockage ACD AFD. ACD, AFD ACD. 그림 23. LCR Fig. 23. Comparison of LCRs as a function of threshold. 232

11 20 GHz, LCR. LCR. 23 LCR.., 3 4 db ACD, AFD LCR.. 결론 OTM 100 Hz,.,., connection duration fade duration CCDF, ACD, AFD, LCR. ACD AFD, LCR. OTM. 3.,,...,.. References [1] J. B. Schodorf, "EHF satellite communications on the move: Baseband considerations", MIT Lincoln Lab. Technical Report TR-1055, Feb [2] E. Lutz., "Land mobile satellite channel - recording and modeling", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Satellite Systems for Mobile Communications and Navigation, London, pp , Oct [3] E. Lutz, D. Cygan, M. Dippold, F. Dolainsky, and W. Papke, "The land mobile satellite communication channel-recording, statistics, and channel model", IEEE Trans. Vehicular Tech., vol. 40, no. 2, pp , [4] M. Rice, et al., "K-band land-mobile satellite characterization using ACTS", Intl. J. Sat. Comm., pp , Jan [5] R. K. Crane, A. W. Dissanayake, "ACTS propagation experiment: Attenuation distribution observations and prediction model comparisons", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 85, no. 6, p. 891, Jun [6] J. B. Schodorf, "EHF satellite communications on the move: Experimental results", MIT Lincoln Lab. Technical Report TR-1087, Aug [7] W. M. Smith, "Channel characterization for EHF satellite communications on the move", MIT Lincoln Lab. Technical Report TR-1109, Jul [8] E. N. Gilbert, "Capacity of a burst-noise channel", Bell System Technical Journal, pp , Sep [9] C. Loo, "A statistical model for land mobile satellite link", IEEE Trans. Vehicular Tech., vol. 34. no. 3, pp , Aug [10] H. Suzuki, "A statistical model for urban radio propagation", IEEE Trans. Vehicular Tech., vol. Com-25. no. 7, pp , Jul [11] Perez F. Fontan, Marino P. Espineira, Modeling the Wireless Propagation Channel A Simulation Approach with MATLAB, Wiley, [12] G. E. Corazzo, F. Vatalaro, "A statistical model for land 233

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb. 2014. mobile satellite channels and its application to nongeostationary orbit system", IEEE Trans.

권건 섭 년 월 한양대학교 전파공학과 (공학 사 년 월 한양대학교 전파공학과 (공학 석사 년 현재 국방과학연구소 연구원 년 현재 충북대학교 전자공학과 박 사과정 [주 관심분야] 위성통신 시스템, 안테나/RF 설계 1997 2 : 1999 2 : 2006 : 2012 : 허종 완 년 월 충남대학교 전자공학과 (공학 사 년 월 충남대학교 전자공학과 (공학

12 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 25, no. 2, Feb mobile satellite channels and its application to nongeostationary orbit system", IEEE Trans. Vehicular Tech., pp , Aug 권건 섭 년 월 한양대학교 전파공학과 (공학 사 년 월 한양대학교 전파공학과 (공학 석사 년 현재 국방과학연구소 연구원 년 현재 충북대학교 전자공학과 박 사과정 [주 관심분야] 위성통신 시스템, 안테나/RF 설계 : : 2006 : 2012 : 허종 완 년 월 충남대학교 전자공학과 (공학 사 년 월 충남대학교 전자공학과 (공학 석사 년 월 현재: 국방과학연구소 연구원 위성통신 시스템 : : [주 관심분야] 황기 민 년 월 경북대학교 전자공학과 (공학 사 년 월 경북대학교 전자공학과 (공학 석사 년 월 현재: 국방과학연구소 연구 원 [주 관심분야] 위성통신 시스템, 협력통신 : : [13] 허종완, "차량용 OTM 단말(탐색개발 상세설계 보고 서", 국방과학연구소, ADDR , 2013년. 임철 민 년 월 한양대학교 전자통신공학과 공학사 년 월 한양대학교 전자통신공학과 공학석사 년 현재 국방과학연구소 연구원 위성통신 시스템 : ( : ( 1988 : [주 관심분야] 유흥 균 년 현재: 충북대학교 전자공학과 교 수 2002년 3월 2004년 2월: 충북대학교 컴퓨 터정보통신연구소 소장 1996년 현재: IEEE, IET 논문 심사위원 2002년: 한국전자파학회 학술상 수상 2008년: ICWMC 2008 국제학술대회 "Best Paper Award" 수상 2009년: SPACOMM 2009 국제학술대회 "Best Paper Award" 수상 [주 관심분야] 무선통신시스템, B4G/5G 이동통신 시스템, 위성 통신, 통신회로 설계 및 통신 신호 처리 1988

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis