대한진단검사의학회지 : 제 23 권제 6 호 2003 Korean J Lab Med 2003; 23: 진단면역학 HEp-2 세포를이용한항핵항체검사에서세포질염색의의의 백현문 남정현 송정수 1 박원 1 문연숙 김진주 인하대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실, 내과학교실

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1 대한진단검사의학회지 : 제 23 권제 6 호 2003 Korean J Lab Med 2003; 23: 진단면역학 HEp-2 세포를이용한항핵항체검사에서세포질염색의의의 백현문 남정현 송정수 1 박원 1 문연숙 김진주 인하대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실, 내과학교실 1 Clinical Significance of Cytoplasmic Staining in Antinuclear Antibody Tests Using HEp-2 Cells Hyun Moon Baek, M.D., Chung Hyun Nahm, M.D., Jung Soo Song, M.D. 1, Won Park, M.D. 1, Yeon Sook Moon, M.D., and Jin Joo Kim, M.D. Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine 1, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon, Korea Background : Cytoplasmic stainings in antinuclear antibody tests using HEp-2 cells are usually undetermined and the significance has not been fully understood until now. Hence, we evaluated their clinical characteristics and also the coexistence of other autoantibodies in the sera with cytoplasmic stainings in antinuclear antibody tests. Methods : We reviewed clinical records retrospectively in 53 sera showing cytoplasmic stainings among 3,610 sera that were tested antinuclear antibodies from January to September, 2002 and performed antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) tests using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and antibodies to antiribosomal P and extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) tests using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results : Among 53 sera with cytoplasmic stainings, 31 sera showed an AMA pattern and 15 sera showed an antibody to ribosomal P pattern. Three cytoskeletal and one golgi complex patterns were also observed. The most common diagnosis was autoimmune disorders (32, 60.4%) and hepatic disorders (excluding autoimmune hepatitis) (6, 11.3%). Hepatic disorders including autoimmune, drug-induced, and alcoholic hepatitis were most commonly observed (32.3%) in sera with an AMA pattern. On the other hand, various autoimmune disorders such as SLE, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, and polymyositis were observed (86.7%) in sera with a ribosomal P pattern. Of 31 sera with the AMA pattern, the corresponding antibodies were confirmed in three by IIF and of 15 sera with a ribosomal P pattern, only one was confirmed to have this antibody by EIA. All the confirmed sera showed high titered (>1:320) cytoplasmic stainings. Antibodies to ENA were positive in sixteen (RnP, 5; Sm, 4; Ro, 5; La, 2) and anti-dna in three of the sera. Conclusions : Although cytoplasmic staining patterns are not disease specific, it is suggested that continuous high titer stainings be followed up since they could provide diagnostic help. (Korean J Lab Med 2003; 23: 415-9) Key Words : HEp-2 cells, Antinuclear antibody, Cytoplasmic staining pattern, Antimitochondrial antibodies, Antiribosomal P antibodies 접수 : 2003년 9월 15일접수번호 : KJLM1702 수정본접수 : 2003년 10월 30일교신저자 : 남정현우 인천광역시중구신흥동 3가 인하대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실전화 : , Fax: nahm@inha.ac.kr * 본연구는인하대학교연구비지원 ( 과제번호 ) 에의하여수행되었음. 서론 Hep-2 세포를항원으로하는간접면역형광법항핵항체검사는주로핵의염색양상을관찰하지만세포질에염색이관찰되는경우가종종있다. 주로관찰할수있는세포질의염색양상은미토 415

2 416 백현문 남정현 송정수외 3 인 콘드리아, 리보좀 (ribosomal), 세포골격계 (cytoskeletal) 등의항체유형이나 [1], 이들이실제로해당항체를나타내는지에관한연구는많지않다. 본연구에서는항핵항체검사에서세포질에염색이관찰된검체를대상으로염색양상을살펴보고그에따른임상적특징과기타자가항체와의공존여부등을관찰하고자하였다. 재료및방법 1. 재료 2002년 1월부터 9월까지항핵항체가의뢰된검체중세포질염색이관찰된 53예를대상으로하였다. 이들에대하여의무기록지를중심으로임상양상을후향적으로조사하고, 항미토콘드리아항체와항리보좀항체및 ENA에대한항체검사를실시하였다. 2. 방법항핵항체와항미토콘드리아항체는간접면역형광법 (Medical & biolgical laboratories co., Nagoya, Japan) 으로시약설명서대로실시하였고, 항리보좀항체와 ENA 검사는효소면역법 (Anti-Rib- P ELISA, BL Diagnostika, Germany) 으로실시하였다. 항리보좀 P 항체및 ENA 검사는다음과같이실시하였다. 리보좀 P 또는 ENA가코팅된마이크로플레이트에혈청을 100 L 씩분주하여 30분간반응시킨후 3회세척하고, enzyme conjugate를 100 L씩분주하고 15분간반응시키고 3회세척한뒤기질과반응중지액을첨가하고 450 nm에서흡광도를측정하였다. 검체와동시에 4가지농도의칼리브레이터의흡광도를측정하여 lin-log 그래프를그린후검체의항체를정량하여 10 U/mL 이상인경우를양성으로판정하였다. 결과 1. 세포질염색이관찰된검체항핵항체가의뢰된검체 3,610예중세포질염색이관찰된경우는 53예 (1.47%) 였다. 이중 31예는다수의굵은과립성반점이실모양으로염색된양상 (numerous coarse granular filamentous speckles) 을보여항미토콘드리아유형으로추정되었고, 15예는조밀한과립들로인하여거의균질하게염색된양상 (dense granular, almost homogenous pattern) 으로항리보좀유형으로추정되었다 (Fig. 1). 그밖에세포골격계유형이 3예, 골지소체 (golgi complex) 유형이 1예, 기타항원을알수없는 3예등이있었다. 이들의성비는남자가 12명, 여자가 41명으로 1:3.42이었고, 연령은 30세이하가 7명, 31-40세가 9명, 41-50세가 16명, 51-60세가 10명, 61-70세가 6명, 71세이상이 5명이었다. 이들의진단명을살펴보면자가면역성질환이 32명 (60.4%) 으로가장많았고, 간질환 ( 자가면역성제외, 약물, 알코올성간염포함 ) 이 6명 (11.3%) 으로두번째를차지하였다. 2. 세포질염색유형에따른임상양상세포질염색유형별로임상양상을살펴보면, 항미토콘드리아유형 31예의경우자가면역성간염 6명, 약물유발성간염 3명, 알코올성간염 1명등비바이러스성간염 (32.3%) 이가장많은비율을차지하였고, 항리보좀유형 15예중에는전신성홍반성루프스 ( 이하 SLE) 4명, 전신성경화증 2명, 경피성근염 2명, 다발성근염 2명등다양한자가면역성질환 (86.7%) 이관찰되었다 (Table 1). 3. 항미토콘드리아및항리보좀항체검사결과세포질염색이관찰되었던 53예중간접형광면역법으로실시한 A B Fig. 1. Cytoplasmic staining patterns on antinuclear antibody test using HEp-2 cells. (A) Antimitochondrial pattern. (B) Antiribosomal P pattern ( 500).

3 HEp-2 세포를이용한항핵항체검사에서세포질염색의의의 417 Table 1. Associated diagnoses according to cytoplasmic staining patterns Pattern Diagnosis No. Pattern Diagnosis No. Mitochondrial (n=31) Autoimmune hepatitis 6 Ribosomal (n=15) SLE 4 Rheumatoid arthritis 5 Dermatomyositis 2 CVA 3 Polymyositis 2 Drug induced hepatitis 3 Systemic sclerosis 2 Cancer (lung, ovary, MM) 3 Drug induced hepatitis 1 SLE 2 Hyperthyroidism 1 Alcoholic liver disease 1 ITP 1 Ankylosing spondylitis 1 Others 2 Drug eruption, systemic 1 Cytoskeletal (n=3) Drug induced hepatitis 1 Systemic sclerosis 1 Congestive heart failure 1 Scleroderma 1 Malaria 1 Others 4 Others (n=3) Rheumatoid arthritis 2 Golgi (n=1) Diabetes mellitus 1 Systemic sclerosis 1 Abbreviations: CVA, cerebrovascular atherosclerosis; MM, multiple myeloma; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; ITP, immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Table 2. Clinical features of 53 sera with cytoplasmic staining on HEp-2 cells No. (%) Pattern Mitochondrial (n=31) Ribosomal (n=15) Cytoskeletal (n=3) Golgi (n=1) Others (n=3) M:F 8:23 2:13 1:2 1:0 0:3 Age (range, median) (47) 2-72 (40) (35) (48) SLE 2 (6.5) 4 (26.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) RA 5 (16.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) AIH 6 (19.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) DIH 3 (9.7) 1 (6.7) 1 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Impaired hepatic function* 10 (32.3) 3 (20.0) 1 (33.3) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) Impaired renal function 4 (12.9) 0 (0.0) 1 (33.3) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) Antibodies to -DNA 0 (0.0) 3 (20.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) -RNP 2 (6.5) 2 (13.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) -Sm 2 (6.5) 4 (26.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) -Ro 1 (3.2) 1 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) -La 1 (3.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) *elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, reduced creatinine clearance. Abbreviations: SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; AIH, autoimmune hepatitis; DIH, drug-induced hepatitis. 항미토콘드리아항체와효소면역법으로실시한항리보좀항체검사에서는각각 3예, 1예에서양성을보였고, 이들은모두 1:320 이상의세포질염색역가를보인검체들이었다 (Table 2). 4. 타자가항체의검출양상효소면역법으로 ENA 검사를시행한결과항미토콘드리아유형 31예중 RNP 2예, Sm 2예, Ro 1예, La 1예양성이었고, 항리보좀유형 15예에서는 RnP 3예, Sm 2예, Ro 4예, La 1예의양성결과를보였다. 고찰 Hep-2 세포를항원으로이용하는항핵항체검사에서우리는 종종세포질의염색을관찰하게된다. 주로관찰할수있는세포질의염색양상은미토콘드리아, 리보좀, 세포골격계에대한항체등이있으나 [1] 의미를두지않는경우가많다. 본연구에서항핵항체검사가의뢰된검체중세포질에염색이관찰된빈도는 1.47% 로다른보고 (6.4%) 에비하여낮았다 [2]. 항핵항체판독이주관적으로판독되는것이빈도에차이가나는이유중의하나로생각되었다. 염색유형은항미토콘드리아 31예, 항리보좀 15예, 그밖에세포골격계 3예, 항골지체유형 1예등이관찰되었고, 기타항원을추정하기어려운경우도 3예있었다. 항미토콘드리아항체는 pyruvate dehydrogenase의 E2 subunit 에대한자가항체로 HEp-2 세포에서는세포질에굵은과립성반점이실모양으로배열된양상으로관찰되며, 주로원발성담즙성간경변, 피부경화증, 중복증후군등에서검출된다 [3, 4]. 본연구에서는항미토콘드리아유형중 32% 가비바이러스성간염

4 418 백현문 남정현 송정수외 3 인 ( 자가면역성간염 5명, 약물유발간염 3명, 알코올성간염 1명 ) 을보인것으로나타나간질환과의연관성이의심되었다. 자가면역성간염의분류에있어시항미토콘드리아항체가양성인경우에는자가면역성간염을배재하게되어있으나 [4-6], 자가면역성간염의약 20% 에서일차적담즙성간경화, 경화성담관염등다른간질환과중복되거나이환하는양상을보이므로 [4], 항미토콘드리아양상을보이는예에서간질환이다수관찰된것은상당히의의있는현상으로생각되었다. 31예중 10예 (32.3%) 에서간효소, 빌리루빈및알카리포스파타제가증가하는등간기능이저하되어있었고, 4예 (12.9%) 에서는크레아티닌청소율이감소되어있는등신장기능이저하되어있었다. 리보좀단백 (ribosomal proteins) 에대한자가항체는항DNA 항체와같이 SLE의대표적인표식이라고할수있고, 항DNA 항체가양성인혈청에서검출빈도가높은경향이있다 [7]. 항리보좀항체양상을보인 15예중에는 SLE (27%) 등다양한자가면역성질환이 67% 에서관찰되었고, 간질환은약물유발성간염 1예에불과하여항미토콘드리아유형과는다른임상양상을보였다. 항리보좀항체는 1985년경부터언급되었는데, SLE 환자의약 10-20% 에서검출되며특히루푸스성정신질환환자에서특이하게관찰된다고보고되었다 [8, 9]. 그러나연구에따라서는루푸스성정신질환과연관이없다고보고되기도하고 [10], 오히려루프스성간질환이나신장질환과연관이있다고보고되기도하였다 [11, 12]. 본연구에서는 15예중 3예 (20.0%) 는간기능이저하되어있었으나신장기능이저하된예는찾아볼수없었다. 또일본, 말레이시아등아시아인 SLE 환자에서는백인의 10-12% 에비하여 40% 내외의높은빈도로보고되고있어 [13, 14] 인종간에차이가있을것으로생각되나한국인에서의자세한빈도는조사된바없다. 본연구에서는정신질환군을따로선별하지않았으므로항리보좀염색유형을보인 15예중루프스성정신질환을찾아볼수는없었으나, 중추신경계가연루된 SLE 환자를대상으로효소면역법으로항리보좀항체검사를실시한결과 6명중 3명에서항체를검출한바있다 ( 논문발표되지않음 ). 항리보좀항체가검출된류마치스성관절염환자에서이후에 SLE가발현된예가보고된것으로보아 [15] 지속적으로높은역가의세포질염색이관찰되는경우는추적, 관찰하는것이의미있을듯하다. 항리보좀항체는항 Sm과의연관이있는것으로보고되기도하고 [16, 17], 항DNA와관련이있어활동성신장염과연관이있다고보고되기도하였지만 [11, 12, 18], 항리보좀유형을보인예중항DNA 항체는 3예 (20.0%) 에서, 항Sm 항체는 4예 (26.7%) 에서만이관찰되었다. 이와같이항핵항체검사에서세포질염색유형에따른임상양상은실제로해당항체가검출된환자들의임상양상과는상당한차이를보였는데, 이들검체를대상으로 mouse kidney/stomach 절편을이용한항미토콘드리아항체검사나효소면역법을이용한항리보좀항체검사를실시하였을때각각 3예, 1예에서만이양성을보여, 세포질염색유형과일치하지않았다. 다만이들 4예의 HEp-2 세포에서의세포질염색이 1:320-1:1,280의높은역가를 보인검체들이었다는점이흥미로웠으며, 진단명은자가면역성간염 2예, 류마치스성관절염및 SLE 였다. 이처럼검사간에차이가있는이유는관찰된해당항원이다르기때문으로생각되었다. 항리보좀항체는고도로정제된리보좀 P 단백인 P0, P1, P2를항원으로사용하는데반하여 [19] HEp-2 세포의세포질의경우이들항원이외에도다른성분이포함되어있으므로양성빈도가높은것으로생각되었다. 또항미토콘드리아항체는미토콘드리아항원중 70 kda polypeptide에반응을보이나, 이와상이한분자량을갖는항원에대한항체도 HEp-2 세포상에서는구별이안되는경우가있다. 비슷한예로 HEp-2 세포에서의세포질염색양상이항미토콘드리아항체와유사했으나해당항원을알아내지못하는경우도보고되고있다 [2]. 그외의염색양상에대해서는특기할만한사항을찾아볼수없었다. 이와같은결과를놓고볼때 HEp-2 세포에서관찰된세포질의염색은특정질환과연관되거나유형에따른해당항체가검출된것은아니었으나역가가높은경우에는판독시이를언급하는것이진단적도움을줄수도있으리라생각되었으며, 또한지속적으로높은역가를보이는경우에는추적관찰을해보는것도의의가있을것으로생각되었다. 요약배경 : Hep-2 세포를이용한항핵항체검사에서세포질의염색은언급되지않는경우가많고, 그의미에대해서도아직잘알려지지않았다. 이에저자들은항핵항체검사에서세포질염색이관찰된예를대상으로염색양상에따른임상적특징과기타자가항체와의공존여부를관찰하고자하였다. 방법 : 2002년 1월부터 9월까지항핵항체가의뢰된검체 3,610 예중세포질염색이관찰된 53예를대상으로의무기록지를중심으로임상양상을후향적으로조사하고, 항미토콘드리아항체검사를간접면역형광법으로, 항리보좀항체와 ENA에대한항체검사를효소면역법으로실시하였다. 결과 : 세포질염색이관찰된 55예중 31예에서항미토콘드리아항체양상을보였고, 15예에서항리보좀항체양상을보였다. 그외에세포골격계유형이 3예, 골지소체유형이 1예, 그리고항원을알수없는유형이 3예있었다. 이들의진단명은자가면역성질환 (32예, 60.4%) 과간질환 ( 자가면역성간염제외 )(6예, 11.3%) 이가장흔히관찰되었다. 세포질염색유형별로살펴보면, 항미토콘드리아유형에서는자가면역성간염, 약물유발간염, 알코올성간염등간염이가장많은비율 (32.3%) 을차지한반면, 항리보좀유형에서는 SLE, 전신성경화증, 경피성근염, 다발성근염등다양한자가면역질환 (86.7%) 이관찰되었다. 항미토콘드리아유형 31 예중실제로항미토콘드리아항체는 3예에서, 항리보좀유형중항리보좀항체는 1예에서만이관찰되는데, 확진된예는모두세포질염색이 1:320 이상높은역가로관찰된검체들이었다. ENA에

5 HEp-2 세포를이용한항핵항체검사에서세포질염색의의의 419 대한항체는 16예 (RNP 5예, Sm 4예, Ro 5예, La 2예 ), 항DNA 항체는 3예에서관찰되었다. 결론 : Hep-2 세포에서관찰되는세포질항체는특정질환과연관된것은아니나지속적으로높은역가로관찰되는경우에는판독시이를언급하는것이진단적도움을줄수있으리라생각되었다. 참고문헌 1. Von Muhlen CA and Nakamura RM. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of systemic rheumatic diseases. In; Henry JB, ed. Clinical Diagnosis and management of laboratory methods. 20th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2001; Koh WH, Dunphy J, Whyte J, Dixey J, McHugh NJ. Characterisation of anticytoplasmic antibodies and their clinical associations. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54: McFarlane IG. Autoimmune hepatitis: diagnostic criteria, subclassifications, and clinical features. Clin Liver Dis 2002; 6: Vogel A, Wedemeyer H, P Manns M, Strassburg CP. Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17: S Bianchi FB, Muratori P, Muratori L. New autoantibodies and autoantigens in autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2002; 6: McFarlane IG. Autoimmune liver diseases. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 2001; 235: Caponi L, Chimenti D, Pratesi F, Migliorini P. Anti-ribosomal antibodies from lupus patients bind DNA. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 130: Bonfa E, Golombek SJ, Kaufman LD, Skelly S, Weissbach H, Brot N, et al. Association between lupus psychosis and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: Schneebaum AB, Singleton JD, West SG, Blodgett JK, Allen LG, Cheronis JC, et al. Association of psychiatric manifestations with antibodies to ribosomal P proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 1991; 90: Teh LS, Bedwell AE, Isenberg DA, Gordon C, Emery P, Charles PJ, et al. Antibodies to protein P in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: Hulsey M, Goldstein R, Scully L, Surbeck W, Reichlin M. Anti-ribosomal P antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study correlating hepatic and renal disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1995; 74: Chindalore V, Neas B, Reichlin M. The association between anti-ribosomal P antibodies and active nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 87: Nojima Y, Minota S, Yamada A, Takaku F, Aotsuka S, Yokohari R. Correlation of antibodies to ribosomal P protein with psychosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: Teh LS, Lee MK, Wang F, Manivasagar M, Charles PJ, Nicholson GD, et al. Antiribosomal P protein antibodies in different populations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Rheumatol 1993; 32: Hamasaki K, Mimura T, Kanda H, Morino N, Yazaki Y, Nojima Y. Development of systemic lupus erythematosus in a rheumatoid arthritis patient with anti-ribosomal P protein antibody. Lupus 1997; 6: Elkon KB, Bonfa E, Llovet R, Eisenberg RA. Association between anti-sm and anti-ribosomal P protein autoantibodies in human systemic lupus erythematosus and MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 1989; 143: Nojima Y, Minota S, Yamada A, Takaku F. Identification of an acidic ribosomal protein reactive with anti-sm autoantibody. J Immunol 1989; 143: Martin AL and Reichlin M. Fluctuations of antibody to ribosomal P proteins correlate with appearance and remission of nephritis in SLE. Lupus 1996; 5: Isshi K and Hirohata S. Association of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39:

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1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.

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