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1 대한한방내과학회지제 39 권 1 호 (2018 년 3 월 ) J. Int. Korean Med. 2018;39(1): 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 강기완 1, 강자연 1, 정민정 2, 김홍준 3, 선승호 4, 장인수 1 1 우석대학교한의과대학한방내과학교실, 2 우석대학교한의과대학소아과학교실 3 우석대학교한의과대학방제학교실, 4 상지대학교한의과대학한방내과학교실 The Effect of Cheonmagudeung-eum for Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Ki-wan Kang 1, Ja-yeon Kang 1, Min-jeong Jeong 2, Hong-jun Kim 3, Seung-ho Sun 4, In-soo Jang 1 1 Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woo-Suk University 2 Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Woo-Suk University 3 Dept. of Prescription, College of Korean Medicine, Woo-Suk University 4 Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-Ji University ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Cheonmagudeung-eum (CGE) for essential hypertension by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The period of literature search was until October 30, 2016, and 14 electronic databases were utilized as search engines. The evaluation for the risk of bias (RoB) was conducted by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The meta-analysis was performed by synthesizing outcome data, including total effective rate (TER), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the incidence of adverse events. Result: There were a total of 64 RCTs using CGE on adult essential hypertension. In the RoB evaluation, most of the items were unclear, and the qualities of studies were rated low. The concurrent treatment of CGE and antihypertensive drug (AHD) showed a significant hypotensive effect since the risk ratio (RR) of TER was 1.17 times (95% CI 1.14, 1.20, p<0.01) higher than that of AHD alone. In addition, the mean difference (MD) appeared low as 8.73 mm/hg in SBP (95% CI , -6.09, p<0.01) and 5.81 mm/hg in DBP (95% CI -7.50, -4.12, p<0.01). Conclusion: Through this study, it was identified that the combined treatment of CGE and AHD on hypertension would be more effective than that of AHD treatment alone. However, due to the low quality of the selected original articles, the significance of this conclusion is somewhat limited, and we hope that this would be complemented through more rigorous RCTs in the future. Key words: hypertension, antihypertensive drug, Cheonmagudeung-eum, systematic review, meta-analysis 투고일 : , 심사일 : , 게재확정일 : 교신저자 : 장인수전북전주시완산구중화산동 2-5 우석대부속한방병원 TEL: FAX: mackayj@naver.com 본연구는한국보건산업진흥원을통해보건복지부한의표준임상진료지침개발사업의재정지원을받아수행된연구임 ( 과제고유번호 : HB16C0023). 본논문은우석대학교교내학술연구비지원에의하여연구됨. 이중게재를방지하기위한출처기재법 : 이논문은 2017 년도우석대학교대학원한의학석사학위논문임. Ⅰ. 서론고혈압은만성질환중에서도유병률이높은질환이며, 2015년기준우리나라 30세이상성인중 752만명이고혈압환자에해당한다. 고혈압유병률은노년층에갈수록급격히상승하는데 60세이 22
2 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 상인구의절반은고혈압을가지고있다 1. 고혈압은지속적관리와치료가필요한만성질환이며, 고혈압치료에의해뇌졸중발생 35~40%, 심근경색증 20~25%, 심부전 50% 이상의감소효과를얻을수있다 2. 고혈압의약물치료에는일차선택약으로서안지오텐신전환효소억제제 (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ACEi), 안지오텐신수용체길항제 (angiotensin II receptor blockers, ARB), 칼슘통로차단제 (calciumchannel blockers, CCB), thiazide 계이뇨제, 베타차단제를사용하도록권고하고있다. 다만경우에따라고칼륨혈증, 말초부종, 이상지질증등의부작용이발생하는경우가있으므로, 약물의적절한선택과조합이중요하다 3. 한의학에서고혈압은肝風, 眩暈, 頭痛등의범주에해당하며, 肝風, 痰火, 風痰, 瘀血, 陰虛등으로발생하는것으로인식하였다. 한의학적치료에는침구, 추나, 기공, 호흡법등의비약물요법과한약을사용한약물요법이존재한다. 약물요법의경우원인에따라肝陽上亢, 肝腎陰虛, 濕痰內阻, 瘀血內阻등으로변증하여, 天麻鉤藤飮, 六味地黃丸, 半夏白朮天麻湯, 血府逐瘀湯등의처방을적용할수있다 4. 최근국내에서는고혈압에대한한의학치료의효과를알아보기위해추나요법 5, 도인운동 6, 오령산 7, 기국지황환 8 에대한체계적고찰연구가진행되어왔다. 천마구등음은肝陽上亢변증의환자에게사용되는대표처방이며활성산소활성억제, ACE 활성저해, cytokine 분비억제등의효과가있는것으로알려져있다 9. 천마구등음의혈압강하효과에대한체계적문헌고찰연구는중국에서이뤄진 5편의선행연구가존재하나 10-14, 시험군의천마구등음구성을가감했거나대조군을특정약물로한정지어비교한연구들이었다. 이에본연구에서는성인본태성고혈압환자에대한천마구등음의혈압강하효과를알아보기위해체계적문헌고찰및메 타분석을시행하고자한다. Ⅱ. 대상및방법 1. 정보원및문헌검색전략검색엔진은국내논문검색에서는한의학연구원에서제공하는 OASIS(oriental medicine advanced searching integrated system, 와 NDSL(national digital science links, KISS(Korean studies information service system, 한국교육학술정보원 (KERIS) 에서제공하는 RISS(research information service system, 과학기술학회마을 ( DBpia( 의검색엔진을사용하였다. 영미권에서는 PubMed( gov/pubmed), Cochrane( EMBASE( CINAHL( Web of science( com), ScienceDirect( Wiley online library( 를이용하였으며, 중국에서는 CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure, 일본에서는 CiNii( 와 J-STAGE( 를사용하였다. 국내검색엔진키워드는 고혈압, 본태성고혈압, hypertension, essential hypertension, 무작위화임상시험, 무작위화, 임상시험, 天麻鉤藤飮, 천마구등음 ' 이었다. 영미권검색엔진키워드는 essential hypertension, hypertension, hypertens*, high blood pressure, randomized controlled trials, RCT, random allocation, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin, Gastrodia and Uncaria Decoction, Tianma Gouteng Decoction, Tenmakotoin 이었다. 중국검색엔진키워드는 高血压, 原发性高血压, 随机, 试验, 对照, 双盲, 天麻钩藤飮, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin 이었다. 일본검색엔진키워드는 本態性高血圧 23
3 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 症, 高血圧, hypertension, 臨床試験, 無作為化, 天麻鈎藤飲 을사용하였다. 각국가별검색엔진의특성에따라검색키워드를조합하여검색을진행하였다. 검색은 2016년 10월 30일에시행하였으며, 검색기간은검색엔진이지원하는개시시점부터를범위로하였다. 언어는제한은두지않았다. 2. 선정기준과제외기준문헌의선정기준은다음과같다. 1) 19세이상의본태성고혈압을가진성인환자를대상으로한연구문헌 2) 천마구등음을사용한무작위대조연구 (Randomized controlled trials, RCT) 문헌 3) 시험군에서천마구등음단독치료또는양약과결합하여치료를시행한연구문헌 4) 대조군에서위약, 단독양약치료, 복합양약치료를시행한연구문헌문헌의제외기준은다음과같다 1) 19세미만의본태성고혈압환자를대상으로한연구문헌 2) 2차성고혈압환자를대상으로연구한문헌 3) 천마구등음을사용하지않은연구문헌 4) 천마구등음을사용하였지만, 천마구등음에결합한치료방법이침, 뜸, 추나, 다른한약, 기타한의학또는대체의학치료방법을사용한연구문헌 5) RCT 문헌을제외한비무작위대조연구 (Non-randomized controlled trials, Non-RCT), 환자-대조군연구, 단일군전후임상시험, 증례군및증례보고, 실험실연구 (In vivo 및 in vitro 포함 ), 문헌고찰연구, letters 문헌 3. 자료분석방법국내외검색엔진에서검색된문헌을취합하여중복문헌을제거한뒤, 제목과초록을토대로 1차문헌선별과정을진행하였다. 이후선정된문헌의전문을검토하는 2차문헌선별과정을거쳐최종 문헌선정및분석을진행하였다. 선별과정에는독립된 2명의연구자 (KKW, KJY) 가참여하여선정기준과제외기준에따라검토및분석을진행하였다. 4. 데이터추출본연구에서는연구디자인분석을위하여연구설계, 표본수, 시험군의중재 ( 투여약물및방법 ), 대조군의중재 ( 투여약물및방법 ), 중재기간, 평가변수, 결과값, 이상반응여부를살펴보았다. 위항목을토대로미리준비된자료추출양식에따라 2 명의연구자 (KKW, KJY) 는최종적으로선정된문헌을대상으로독립적으로정리하였다. 문헌선정과데이터추출과정에서연구자간의의견차이가있는경우, 제 3의연구자 (JMJ) 와함께충분한토의를거쳐합의를얻은뒤진행하였다. 5. 비뚤림위험평가본연구에서는선정된문헌의연구의질을평가하기위해 Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool의평가법에따라비뚤림위험분석을시행하였다. 비뚤림위험평가는원문에관련내용이명시되어있는지, 적절하였는지여부에따라 low, high, unclear 로평가하였다 15. 평가자간의견불일치가발생한경우에는제 3의연구자 (JMJ) 와협의를거친뒤합의하였다. 6. 통계분석최종선정문헌의데이터에서평가변수중연속형변수는평균과표준편차를, 이분형변수는그빈도를추출하였다. 수축기혈압및이완기혈압은연속형변수로서평균차 (Mean difference, MD) 와 95% 신뢰구간 (Confidence interval; 95% CI) 으로나타냈고, 총유효율및이상반응은이분형변수로서상대위험도 (Risk ratio, RR) 와 95% 신뢰구간으로정리하였다. 메타분석은 Review Manager(version 5.3) 를이용하여수행하였다. 이질성 (Heterogeneity) 은 I 2 test를이용하였으며, 24
4 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 I 2 값이 40% 이상일경우상당한이질성 (Substantial heterogeneity) 이있다고판단하였다. 이질성검사에서유의성이있어이질성이높은일부연구에는변량효과모형 (Random-effects model) 을적용하여메타분석을시행하였다. Ⅲ. 결과 1. 문헌선별 2016년 10월 30일까지 15개의온라인데이터베이스에서검색된논문은총 346편이었으며, 8편의중복논문을제외하여 338편의논문이선정되었다. 일차적으로선정및제외기준에따라제목과초록 을검토하였고천마구등음또는고혈압과관련없는논문, RCT가아닌논문 114편을제외하였다. 다음으로 224편의논문을대상으로전문검토를진행하여천마구등음가감방을사용했거나증상에따라약물구성을달리한연구, 원발성고혈압환자를대상으로하지않은연구, 한약처방간의비교연구, 복합적인한의치료를시행한연구, 평가변수가혈압또는총유효율이아닌연구, 동일한데이터로다른저널에출간한연구인논문 160편을추가적으로배제하였다. 최종적으로본태성고혈압의천마구등음치료에대한 64편의 RCT 연구가분석대상으로선정되었다 (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Prisma flow diagram for process of literature search. 25
5 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 2. 문헌분석 1) 연구개요최종선정된 64편의연구는 2004년부터 2016년까지시행된 RCT 연구문헌이었다. 고혈압에대한천마구등음의단독또는항고혈압제와의병용 치료의강압효과를확인하기위해설계되었으며, 모두중국에서시행된연구로 1편은석사학위논문이었고나머지는모두학회지논문에해당하였다 (Table 1). Table 1. Characteristics of Randomized Controlled Trials Included in the Meta-Analysis Author (year) Sun 16) (2016) Gu 17) (2016) Yan 18) (2016) Li 19) (2016) Fu 20) (2016) Bian 21) (2016) Zhang 22) (2016) Chen LP 23) (2016) Chen XF 24) (2016) Weng 25) (2015) Sha 26) (2015) Li 27) (2015) Wang 28) (2015) Guan 29) (2015) Intervention (n) enalapril 2.5~10 mg qd po (50) CGE bid po (30) benazepril 10 mg qd po (90) Comparison (n) Enalapril 2.5~10 mg qd po (50) Levamlodipine 2.5 mg qd po (30) Benazepril 10 mg qd po (91) Treatment duration Not repored 42 days Results 2. SBP p< DBP p> TER p= SBP p= DBP p=0.03 Captopril 30 mg qd po + 1. SBP p<0.05 CGE bid po (49) 84 days nifedipine 12.5 mg bid po (49) 2. DBP p<0.05 Losartan 50~100 mg 84 days 2. SBP p<0.05 losartan 50 mg qd po (64) qd po (64) levamlodipine Levamlodipine 2.5 mg 56 days 2. SBP p< mg qd po (67) qd po (67) CGE qd po + Plendil 5 mg qd po (40) 30 days 2. SBP p<0.05 plendil 5 mg qd po (40) Felodipine 5 mg qd po (49) 90 days felodipine 5 mg qd po (49) Nifedipine 30 mg qd po (40) 14 days nifedipine 30 mg qd po (40) CGE granules bid po + Hydrochlorothiazide 1. SBP p<0.01 hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg 84 days 12.5 mg qd po (30) 2. DBP p<0.01 qd po (30) Not Amlodipine 5 mg qd po (51) amlodipine 5 mg qd po (51) repored 1. SBP p< DBP p<0.05 CGE qd po + enalapril 5 mg qd po (50) Enalapril 5 mg qd po (50) 180 days 2. SBP p> DBP p>0.05 lisinopril 10 mg qd po + hydrochloride 12.5 mg qd po (43) Lisinopril 10 mg qd po + hydrochloride 12.5 mg qd po (38) CGE granules tid po (30) Benazepril 10 mg qd po (30) 180 days 2. SBP p< DBP p>0.05 Adverse events (n) 26
6 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 Yao 30) (2015) Zhang 31) (2014) Li FY 32) (2014) Liu H 33) (2014) Liu Y 34) (2014) Jin 35) (2014) Liang 36) (2014) Li R 37) (2014) Zheng 38) (2014) Fang 39) (2014) Chen 40) (2014) Gu 41) (2013) Yang 42) (2013) Guo 43) (2013) Wang HX 44) (2013) Ye 45) (2013) Kong 46) (2013) Wang YF 47) (2013) 1. SBP p<0.05 CGE bid po (60) AHD po (60) 90 days 2. DBP p<0.05 Levamlopine 2.5 mg 30 days 2. SBP p<0.05 levamlopine 2.5 mg qd po (30) qd po (30) benazepril Benazepril 5~10 mg 90 days 2. SBP p<0.05 5~10 mg qd po (161) qd po (160) Irbesartan 150~300 mg qd po (156) Irbesartan 150~300 mg qd po (157) 84 days CGE granules 5 g tid po + Captopril 20 mg tid po (64) Captopril 20 mg tid po (63) 56 days 2. SBP p< TER p=0.02 Enalapril 10 mg qd po (50) Enalapril 10 mg qd po (50) 180 days 2. SBP p<0.05 Amlodipine 5 mg qd po (60) Amlodipine 5 mg qd po (60) 30 days 2. SBP p<0.05 Captopril 25 mg tid po (42) Captopril 25 mg tid po (44) 1. TER p>0.05 CGE granules 10 g tid po + Amlodipine 2.5 mg qd po (30) Amlodipine 2.5 mg qd po (30) 2. SBP p> DBP p>0.05 A: amlodipine 5 mg qd po or perindopril 4 mg qd po (108) B: CGE bid po (108) C: Amlodipine 5 mg qd po or perindopril 4 mg qd po (108) 56 days Amlodipine 5 mg qd po (38) 14 days amlodipine 5 mg qd po (40) CGE tid po (25) Perindopril 4 mg qd po (25) 42 days (A vs. C) p<0.05 (B vs. C) 2. SBP p>0.05 (A vs. C) p>0.05 (B vs. C) (A vs. C) p<0.05 (B vs. C) 1. SBP p< DBP p< DBP p>0.05 Captopril 25 mg tid po (60) 180 days Captopril 25 mg tid po (60) B: Nifedipine 30 mg qd po A: C: Nifedipine 30 mg qd po same as control group + Benazepril 10 mg qd (40) po (40) CGE bid po (48) Captopril 25 mg tid po (45) CGE tid po + Enalapril 5~10 mg qd po (15) Nifedipine 10 mg bid po (63) Enalapril 5~10 mg qd po (15) 42 days Not repored 14 days 2. SBP p<0.05 (A vs. B, C) (A vs. B, C) 2. SBP p<0.01 Nifedipine 10 mg bid po (63) 21 days 1. TER p>0.05 AHD (30) AHD (30) 90 days 1. SBP p< DBP p<
7 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 Liu 48) (2013) Luo 49) (2013) Zhou 50) (2013) Fan 51) (2013) Chen 52) (2012) Mo 53) (2012) Cheng 54) (2012) Wei 55) (2012) Yin ZF 56) (2012) Yin JY 57) (2012) Pu 58) (2012) Qin 59) (2010) Lin 60) (2010) Zhu 61) (2010) Dong 62) (2010) Yu 63) (2010) Zhu 64) (2009) CGE bid po (30) NIfedipine 20 mg bid po (30) 2. DBP p>0.05 AHD (ACEi or ARB) (30) AHD (ACEi or ARB) (30) CGE granules 10 g tid po Nifedipine 30 mg qd po or 1. SBP p< Nifedipine 30 mg qd po or 84 days captopril 12.5 mg bid po (49) 2. DBP p<0.01 captopril 12.5 mg bid po (48) CGE tid po (100) A: enalapril 5~20 mg qd po (30) B: CGE bid po (30) nifedipine 10~20 mg bid po (35) A: CGE tid po + enalapril 5 mg bid po (40) B: CGE tid po (40) Irbesartan 150 mg qd po + hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg qd po (100) C: Enalapril 5~20 mg qd po (30) Nifedipine 10~20 mg bid po (32) C: Enalapril 5 mg bid po (40) 28~35 days 1. SBP p< DBP p< TER p>0.05 (3 군간 ) 2. SBP p<0.05 (A vs. C) p>0.05 (B vs. C) (A vs. C) p>0.05 (B vs. C) 1. TER p>0.05 (A vs. C) p<0.05 (B vs. C) 2. SBP p>0.05 (A vs. C) p<0.05 (B vs. C) (A vs. C) p>0.05 (B vs. C) nifedipine 10 mg bid po (49) Nifedipine 10 mg bid po (50) 56 days 1. TER p<0.01 nifedipine 10 mg bid po (50) Nifedipine 10 mg (49) CGE bid po (30) Captopril 25 mg tid po (30) 84 days 1. TER p>0.05 CGE bid po (30) A: CGE + AHD (diuretics, CCB, ACEi, BB) (22) B: CGE granules + AHD (diuretics, CCB, ACEi, BB) (18) CGE bid po (47) Felodipine 5 mg qd po (30) 168 days AHD (diuretics, CCB, ACEi, BB) (23) Telmisartan 20 mg qd po (47) Not repored 1. TER p> SBP p> DBP p>0.05 (A vs. C) p<0.05 (B vs. C) 2. SBP p> DBP p>0.05 CGE granules bid po + 1. SBP p<0.05 Captopril 25 mg bid po (30) 56 days captopril 25 mg bid po (30) 2. DBP p<0.05 enalapril 10 mg qd po (60) Enalapril 10 mg qd po (60) 2. SBP p<0.05 CGE bid po (30) Nifedipine 20 mg qd po (30) 2. DBP p> SBP p<0.05 Captopril 25 mg tid po (40) captopril 25 mg tid po (40) 2. DBP p<0.05 Control cough (3), skin rash (1) 28
8 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 Tang 65) (2009) Lin 66) (2009) Liu 67) (2009) Chen 68) (2008) Fang 69) (2008) Wang HX 70) (2008) Wang Q 71) (2008) CGE granules 5 g tid po (30) Amlodipine 5 mg qd po (30) 2. DBP p>0.05 CGE bid po (30) Felodipine 5 mg qd po (30) 168 days 2. DBP p>0.05 Perindopril 25 mg tid po (30) 1. TER p>0.05 perindopril 25 mg tid po (30) 1. TER p>0.05 Captopril 25 mg tid po (50) Captopril 25 mg tid po (50) 42 days 2. SBP p> DBP p>0.05 A: captopril 25 mg tid po (30) B: CGE bid po (30) C: Captopril 25 mg tid po (30) 14 days 1. TER p>0.05 (A vs. C) p>0.05 (B vs. C) 2. SBP p>0.05 (A vs. C) p>0.05 (B vs. C) (A vs. C) p>0.05 (B vs. C) Control dry cough (3) CGE bid po (60) Felodipine 5 mg qd po (60) 30 days 1. TER p>0.05 captopril 25 mg tid po (40) Captopril 25 mg tid po (40) 2. SBP p<0.05 Intervention: dry cough (2) control: dry cough (5) Zhang 72) Nitrendipine 10 mg CGE bid po (30) (2007) tid po (30) 2. DBP p>0.05 Cai 73) Nitrendipine 10 mg CGE bid po (60) (2005) tid po (52) 2. DBP p>0.05 Xing MZ 74) Nitrendipine 10 mg CGE bid po (60) (May 2004) tid po (58) 2. DBP p>0.05 Xing MZ 75) Felodipine 2.5 mg CGE bid po (30) (Jul 2004) qd po (30) 2. DBP p>0.05 Liu 76) Nitrendipine 10 mg CGE bid po (30) (2004) tid po (30) 2. DBP p>0.05 Xie 77) 1. TER p>0.05 CGE tid po (45) Captopril 25 mg tid po (45) 42 days 2. SBP p>0.05 (2004) 3. DBP p>0.05 Liu 78) Nitrendipine 10 mg CGE bid po (52) (2003) tid po (50) 2. DBP p>0.05 Gong 79) CGE bid po (30) Captopril 25 mg tid po (30) (2003) 2. DBP p<0.05 CGE : Cheonmagudeung-eum, SBP : systolic blood pressure, DBP : diastolic blood pressure, wks : weeks, TER : total effective rate, AHD : anti-hypertensive drug, ACEi : Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB : Angiotensin II receptor inhibitor, CCB : Calcium channel blocker, BB : Beta-blocker 2) 치료기간약물투여기간은 2주부터 6개월까지연구마다차이가다양했으며, 28일이 24 편 17,18,20-25,29,31-34,36,41-44,47,78,58,59,68,78, 84일이 6편 39,46,63,71,76,77, 56일이 5편 35,40,57,62,75, 14일이 4 편 27,51,56,72, 30일이 4편 26,60,65,74, 42일이 5편 19,28,55,53,79, 90일이 4편 49,64,66,73, 180일이 4편 54,61,67,69, 168일이 2편 30,38, 21일이 1편 50, 28~35일사이가 1편 45 순으로설계되었다. 나머지 4편의연구 16,37,52,70 에서는치료기간에대한언급이없었다. 3) 시험군설계 29
9 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 본연구에서는한의학적변증을배제한천마구등음본방의효과를확인하기위하여, 제목또는본문에가미, 가감등의표현이있거나증상에따라약재의가감을한연구는제외하였다. 선정된문헌중 37편의연구는천마구등음및항고혈압제의병용치료를시험군으로하여항고혈압제를투여한대조군과효과를비교하였고, 22편은천마구등음과항고혈압제를단독비교하였다. 그리고 4편의연구 39,52,54,69 는천마구등음및항고혈압제의병용치료군과각각의단독투여군 3군을비교하는연구였으며, 나머지 1편 59 은병용투여군을천마구등음탕약군과과립제군으로나누고, 항고혈압제단톡투여군을추가로설정해 3군간의비교를진행한연구였다. 아울러천마구등음및항고혈압제병용투여연구 37편중 6편 25,34,38,49,59,61 과천마구등음단톡투여연구 22편중 2편 29,65 에서는천마구등음과립제가사용되었다. 4) 대조군설계대조군으로사용된항고혈압제중단독으로사용된항고혈압제는 CCB인 nifedipine 이 8편 24,46,48,50,53,55,56,63, amlodipine이 6편 26,36,38-40,65, felodipine이 5편 23,58,66,70,75, nitrendipine이 5편 72-74,78, levamlopine이 3편 17,21,31 이었고, ACEi 는 captopril 이 12편 34,37,42,44,57,61,64,68,69,71,77,79, enalapril이 7편 16,27,35,45,52,54,62, benazepril이 3편 18,29,32, perindopril이 2편 41,67, plendil이 1편 22 이었다. ARB는 irbesartan이 1편 33, losartan이 1편 20, telmisartan이 1편 60 이었으며, 이뇨제는 hydrochlorothiazide 가 1편 25 이었다. 아울러 2종류의항고혈압제를동시투여한문헌은 4편으로, CCB인 nifedipine 과 ACEi인 benazepril 43, captopril 19 을병용한연구가각 1편씩있었고, 이뇨제인 hydrochlorothiazide 와병용하여 ACEi 인 lisinopril 28 과 ARB인 irbesartan 51 을투여한연구가각각 1편 이었다. 나머지 4편 30,47,49,59 은대조군으로항고혈압제를투여했다고언급이되어있으나구체적인종류는명시되지않은연구들이었다. 5) 평가변수선정문헌에서는고혈압과관련된평가변수로서수축기혈압 (systolic blood pressure, SBP) 과이완기혈압 (diastolic blood pressure, DBP), 그리고총유효율 (total effective rate, TER) 을사용하였다. 49편의문헌에서수축기혈압과이완기혈압을평가변수로사용하였고, 40편의문헌에서는총유효율을사용하였다. 수축기혈압과이완기혈압, 총유효율모두를사용한문헌은 25편이었다. 평가변수중수축기혈압과이완기혈압의측정값, 총유효율, 이상반응발생수를가지고메타분석을진행하였다. 6) 안전성 RCT 연구에서중대한이상반응이발생하여연구참여자가탈락한경우를정리하였다. 총 64편의연구중이상반응으로탈락자가발생한연구는총 3편 62,68,71 이었다. 여기서 2편 62,68 은대조군에서만이상반응이확인되었고, 1편 71 은시험군과대조군모두에서이상반응이발생했다. 이상반응의증상으로는마른기침과피부발진이있었다. 3. 비뚤림위험평가선정된 64편의문헌을 Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool의평가법에따라분석을시행한결과, 무작위배정순서생성을제대로시행한연구가 21편이었다. 불충분한결과자료항목에서결측치수언급및오류없음이확인이된경우 low risk로평가하여탈락비뚤림은비교적적었으나, 이외대부분의항목에서비뚤림평가항목에관련된내용의언급이없어 unclear로평가하였다 (Fig. 2). 30
10 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 A B Fig. 2. Assessment of risk of bias. A : summary of risk of bias, B : risk of bias graph 31
11 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 4. 메타분석결과 1) 천마구등음및항고혈압제병용치료와항고혈압제단독치료간의혈압강하효과비교천마구등음과항고혈압제병용치료는항고혈압제단독치료보다총유효율이 1.17배 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.20, p<0.01) 높아서유의한혈압강하효과가있는것으로나타났다. I 2 값은 8% 로문헌간이질성은낮았다 (Fig. 3). 수축기혈압에서는평균차가 mmhg(95% CI: , -5.3, p<0.01) 이었으며 I 2 값은 96% 로문헌간이질성은매우높았다 (Fig. 4). 이완기혈압에서는평균차가 mmhg(95% CI: -7.50, -4.12, p<0.01) 이었으며 I 2 값은 94% 로문헌간이질성은매우높았다 (Fig. 5). 이상반응발생수의 RR값은 0.22로 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.74, p=0.02) 이상반응발생빈도가유의하게적은것으로확인되었다. I 2 값은 0% 로문헌간이질성은매우낮았다 (Fig. 6). Fig. 3. Results of meta-analysis for total effective rate (CGE + AHD vs. AHD). 32
12 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 Fig. 4. Results of meta-analysis for systolic blood pressure (CGE + AHD vs. AHD). Fig. 5. Results of meta-analysis for diastolic blood pressure (CGE + AHD vs. AHD). 33
13 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 Fig. 6. Results of meta-analysis for adverse events (CGE + AHD vs. AHD). 2) 천마구등음단독치료와항고혈압제단독치료간의혈압강하효과비교천마구등음단독치료는항고혈압제단독치료보다총유효율이 0.94 배 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.03, p=0.17) 낮아혈압강하효과가비교적낮은것으로나타났으나, 유의성은없었다. I 2 값은 63% 로문헌간이질성은중등도로높았다 (Fig. 7). 수축기혈압에서는평균차가 0.83 mmhg(95% CI: -1.14, 2.80, p=0.41) 이었으나유의성은없었고, I 2 값은 85% 로문헌간이질성은매우높았다 (Fig. 8). 이완기혈압에서는평균차가 0.24 mmhg(95% CI: -0.68, 1.16, p=0.61) 이었으나유의성은없었고, I 2 값은 65% 로문헌간이질성은중등도이상으로높았다 (Fig. 9). Fig. 7. Results of meta-analysis for total effective rate (CGE vs. AHD). 34
14 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 Fig. 8. Results of meta-analysis for systolic blood pressure (CGE vs. AHD). Fig. 9. Results of meta-analysis for diastolic blood pressure (CGE vs. AHD). 35
15 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 3) 천마구등음과립제및항고혈압제병용치료와항고혈압제단독치료간의혈압강하효과비교천마구등음과립제와항고혈압제병용치료는항고혈압제단독치료보다총유효율이 1.15배 (95% CI: 102, 1.29, p=0.03) 높아유의한혈압강하효과가있는것으로나타났다. I 2 값은 13% 로문헌간이질성은낮았다 (Fig. 10). 수축기혈압에서는평균차가 mmhg(95% CI: , -2.49, p=0.001) 이었으며, I 2 값은 76% 로문헌간이질성은중등도이상으로높았다 (Fig. 11). 이완기혈압에서는평균차가 mmhg(95% CI : -5.46, -0.20, p=0.03) 이었으며, I 2 값은 72% 로문헌간이질성은중등도이상으로높았다 (Fig. 12). Fig. 10. Results of meta-analysis for total effective rate (CGE granules + AHD vs. AHD). Fig. 11. Results of meta-analysis for systolic blood pressure (CGE granules + AHD vs. AHD). Fig. 12. Results of meta-analysis for diastolic blood pressure (CGE granules + AHD vs. AHD). 4) 천마구등음과립제단독치료와항고혈압제단독치료간의혈압강하효과비교천마구등음과립제단독치료는항고혈압제단독치료대비수축기혈압에서는평균차가 0.26 mmhg (95% CI: -1.90, 2.42, p=0.81) 이었으나유의성은 없었고, I 2 값은 0% 로문헌간이질성은매우낮았다 (Fig. 13). 이완기혈압에서는평균차가 mmhg(95% CI : -1.98, 1.72, p=0.89) 이었으나유의성은없었고, I 2 값은 0% 로문헌간이질성은매우낮았다 (Fig. 14). 36
16 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 Fig. 13. Results of meta-analysis for systolic blood pressure (CGE granules vs. AHD). Fig. 14. Results of meta-analysis for diastolic blood pressure (CGE granules vs. AHD). Ⅳ. 고찰및결론본연구에서는본태성고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과를알아보기위하여체계적문헌고찰및메타분석을시행하였다. 문헌선별기준은만 19세이상의성인본태성고혈압환자를대상으로천마구등음의단독또는항고혈압제와의병용치료를시행한 RCT 연구를포함하였다. 아울러수축기혈압과이완기혈압, 총유효율, 이상반응발생수를평가변수로사용한연구를선정하여천마구등음의혈압강하효과에대해알아보고자하였다. 최근미국심장협회 (American Heart Association) 에서는 2017 고혈압임상진료지침 (2017 High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline) 을통해고혈압의진단기준을기존의 140/90 mmhg에서 130/80 mmhg로하향조정하였다. 이는심혈관질환조기예방의중요성을강조한것으로해석되며, 평균수축기혈압 130 mmhg 또는이완기혈압 80 mmhg 을넘는다면적극적인생활관리를통한치료를시작해야하고, 필요시약물치료를진행할것을권장하고있다 80. 이로인해노인층이외의젊은연령대에서도고혈압환자는상당수늘어날것으로보이며, 고혈압환자관리의중요성이더욱강조될 것으로사료된다. 천마구등음은 雜病證治新義 ( 胡光慈, 1958) 에수록된처방으로서平肝熄風, 淸熱安神의효능으로肝陽上亢, 肝風內動으로인한頭痛眩暈, 耳鳴眼花, 震顫不眠등의증상을치료하는데사용된다. 처방구성은天麻, 釣鉤藤, 生石決明, 梔子, 黃芩, 川牛膝, 杜冲, 益母草, 桑寄生, 夜交藤, 朱茯神으로이루어져있으며, 임상적으로증상에따라가감하여고혈압등에사용하는경우가많다 81. 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과를알아본메타분석은앞서중국에서진행된바있다. 천마구등음과 ACEi를비교한메타분석이 3편있었는데, 周등은천마구등음과 captopril 병행치료가 captopril 단독치료보다수축기와이완기혈압의평균차를각각 5.37 mmhg(95% CI: -9.68, -1.07, p=0.01), 4.85 mmhg(95% CI: -7.79, -1.92, p=0.001) 낮췄다고하였다 13. 또한후속연구를통해천마구등음과 ACEi의병용치료가 ACEi 단독치료보다수축기및이완기혈압의평균차를각각 4.78 mmhg(95% CI: -8.35, -1.21, p=0.009), 4.32 mmhg(95% CI: -6.34, -2.30, p<0.01) 낮췄다고하였다 11. 董등의연구에서는천마구등음과 enalapril의병용치료가 enalapril 단독치료에비해총유효율의오즈비가 37
17 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 4.69배 (95% CI: 2.58, 8.53, p<0.01) 높았다고하였다 14. 아울러문헌선정기준에천마구등음가감방을포함한메타분석도 2편있었는데, 项등의연구에서는천마구등음가감방과 CCB의병용치료가 CCB 단독치료보다수축기및이완기혈압의표준화된평균차 (standard mean difference, SMD) 가각각 1.13 mmhg(95% CI: -1.46, -0.81, p<0.01), 1.02 mmhg (95% CI: -1.89, -0.73, p<0.01) 낮았다고하였다 10. 郭등은천마구등음가감방과항고혈압제전반을비교한연구들을분석하여, 천마구등음가감방이총유효율의상대위험도 (relative risk, RR) 를 1.14배 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.24, p=0.003) 높인다고정리하였다 12. 본연구와는다른분석방식을사용한연구가일부존재하였으나, 다양한기전의항고혈압제와천마구등음과의연구를진행하였다는데의미가있으며선행연구들에서도천마구등음과항고혈압제병행치료가유의한혈압강하효과를나타냈다는점을확인할수있었다. 이상의결과를살펴볼때, 천마구등음의강압효과가그다지높지않다고판단할수도있다. 그러나, 대표적인 ARB 제제에속하는 losartan의유효성을평가한 cochrane review 에서 46편의 RCT 임상시험을분석하여 13,451명의환자를대상으로조사한결과, 평균적으로수축기에서는 8, 이완기에서는 5 mmhg의혈압강하효과가확인되었다 82. 이는실제임상에서확인되는강압효과를 RCT 연구에서입증하기가쉽지않다는의미로해석할수있으며, 천마구등음의강압효과를비교해보더라도임상에서충분히활용할의미가있음을알수있다. 비뚤림평가에는 Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool을사용하였다. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool은임상연구도중발생할수있는 5가지비뚤림을평가하기위해만들어진도구이다. RCT 논문에서무작위배정순서생성, 배정은폐, 참여자및연구자의눈가림, 결과평가자의눈가림, 불완전한결과자료, 선택적결과보고, 기타비뚤림의 7가지항목을평가한다. 이는해당 RCT 연구가비뚤림없이잘설 계되고수행되었는지를확인할수있는중요한평가방법이다 15. 그러나선정된 64편의논문을살펴보면환자데이터의누락이나탈락에관한부분은언급이되어있는편이었지만, 이외대부분의항목은관련내용의언급자체가없는경우가많았다. 내용을축약해서기술한것인지, 실제로시행을안한것인지알수없어연구의질은낮게평가되었다. 고혈압에대한한약치료의효과에대해서는많은임상연구와체계적문헌고찰, 메타분석연구가존재한다. 천마구등음및혈압강하제의병용치료는혈압강하제단독치료에비해우수한혈압강하효과를보였다. 총유효율을평가지표로사용한 35편의논문에서는혈압이떨어지는환자의비율이 1.17배더많아유의한혈압강하효과가있음을나타냈으며, 이질성도매우낮았다. 수축기혈압과이완기혈압의평균차역시각각 8.73 mmhg, 5.81 mmhg 낮은유의한혈압강하효과를보였다. 이질성은매우높아실제로메타분석에적절하지못하였으나수축기혈압에서는모든문헌이, 이완기혈압에서는 2편을제외한대부분의연구가혈압강하효과를의미하는경향성을나타냈기에참고할만한결과라고생각된다. 천마구등음과혈압강하제의단독치료비교에서는총유효율과수축기혈압, 이완기혈압모두에서통계적유의성이없었다. RR값과평균차모두큰차이를보이지않았으며, 향후천마구등음과항고혈압제의비열등성임상연구를진행해볼가치가있을것으로판단된다. 본연구의선정문헌중에서천마구등음은대부분탕제의형태로투여되었으나, 천마구등음과립제를사용한연구가 9편있었다. 천마구등음과립제및혈압강하제의병용치료는혈압강하제단독치료에비해우수한효과를보였다. 총유효율에서는 1.15배의유의한혈압강하효과가있었고, 수축기와이완기혈압에서는평균차가각각 6.31 mmhg, 2.83 mmhg 유의하게낮아졌다. 반면천마구등음 38
18 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 과립제단독치료비교연구에서는수축기및이완기혈압의평균차모두유의미한차이가없었다. 차후탕제와과립제의강압효과에대한비교를시행해보는것도가치가있을것으로판단된다. 이상반응발생수를평가지표로사용한혈압강하제병용치료연구에서는 RR값이 0.22로혈압강하제단독투여대비이상반응발생정도가유의하게낮았다. 대부분의이상반응증상이마른기침이었던점에서혈압강하제 ACEi의부작용이었을것으로사료된다. 아울러나머지 61편의연구에서는중대한이상반응이확인되지않은점을종합해본다면, 고혈압치료에천마구등음을사용하는것은비교적안전한것으로판단된다. 선정된개별문헌에서는처방에대한구체적기술이없는경우가있었다. 이로인해일부연구에서천마구등음의구성및함량을정확히확인할수가없었다. 한편천마구등음과립제를사용한연구들도있었는데, 연구의일관성을높이기위해서는이러한제형을활용한연구가더많이이뤄져야할것으로보인다. 또한처방의투여기간이매우이질적이어서장단기투여군으로 subgroup을나누어메타분석이나정성적분석을실시하는연구도필요할것으로사료된다. 지금까지본태성고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과와안전성에대해알아보았다. 천마구등음은한의학의대표적인고혈압처방중의하나로서 RCT 연구가지속적으로이루어져왔다. 선정된연구의질적측면에제한점이있어결과해석에는다소주의가필요하겠지만, 메타분석을통해천마구등음과양약의병용치료가유의한혈압강하효과를나타냈다는점은참고할만한가치가있다고생각된다. 향후에는규격화된제형을이용하여보다질높은 RCT 연구가수행되길기대하는바이다. 감사의말씀이논문은한국보건산업진흥원을통해보건복지 부 한의표준임상진료지침개발사업 의재정지원을받아수행된연구임 ( 과제고유번호 : HB16C0023). 참고문헌 1. Ministry of health and Welfare. Korean Centers for Disease control & Prevention Health Behavior and Chronic Disease Statistics. Seoul: Ministry of health and Welfare; 2016, p Seoul Asan Hospital internal Medicine Recent advances in internal medicine. Seoul: Our medical books; 2016, p Korean Medical Guideline Information Center. Evidence-based Guideline for Hypertension in Primary Care. 2016, p Association of Korean Medicine Professors for Cardiovascular and Neurological Medicine. Cardiovascular and neurological medicine in Korean medicineⅠ. Seoul: Uri medical books; 2016, p Lim KT, Hwang EH, Kim BJ, Park IH, Heo I Chuna Manual Therapy for Essential Hypertension : A Systematic Review. The Journal of Korea CHUNA manual medicine for spine & nerves 2017;12(1): Cho HJ, Bae DR, Kim HN, Hwang EH. Baduanjin for Hypertension : Systematic Review. The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine for Spine & Nerves 2017;12(1): Lee HY, Kang KW, Lee E, Lee SH, Han CH, Jang IS. A Systematic Review on Antihypertensive Effects of Oryeong-san. The Journal of Korean Oriental Internal Medicine 2013;34(3): Han IS, Shin JH, Cho YY, Park HM, Yang CS, Jeong MJ, et al. Qu-Ji-Du-Huang-Wan for Essential Hypertension : Systemic Review and Meta-analysis. Korean Journal of Oriental Physiology 39
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20 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 and Safety Evaluation of Using Varied Tianma Gouteng Decoction Combined with Lisinopril Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets to Treat Hypertension. Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015;33(5): Guan W, Ling ZZ. Evaluation of ambulatory blood pressure and Carotid intima-media thickness and left ventricular remodeling of Tianma Gouteng decoction in patients with essential hypertension. Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015;34(4): 姚永华. 天麻钩藤饮联合西药治疗肝阳上亢型高血压临床观察. 新中医 2015;47(3): 张宝华. 天麻钩藤饮治疗肝阳上亢型高血压的疗效. 中西医结合心血管病杂志 2014;2(16): 李凤云. 观察中西药结合治疗肝阳上亢型高血压的疗效. 中西医结合心血管病杂志 2014;2(16): 刘寒. 天麻钩藤饮联合厄贝沙坦治疗肝阳上亢型高血压的疗效观察. 中西医结合心血管病杂志 2014; 2(14): 柳叶, 罗冬华, 蒋慧倩. 天麻钩藤颗粒结合卡托普利治疗原发性高血压 63 例临床观察. 中醫藥導報 2014; 20(13): Jin Y. Efficacy Observation of Enalapril Maleate Tablets and Tianma Gouteng Yin in Treatment of Hypertension of Liver Wind Disturbance Type. World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2014;9(12): 梁东勇, 林小霞. 天麻钩藤饮配合西药治疗肝阳上亢型高血压病疗效观察. 陕西中医 2014;35(8): 李锐. 天麻钩藤饮联合卡托普利治疗高血压 44 例疗效观察. 实用中西医结合临床 2014;14(5): 丁宏, 杨光, 徐丹, 王玉珏. 天麻钩藤颗粒治疗高血压病 30 例临床观察. 吉林医学 2014;35(4): Fang XM, Chen RL, Tang YP, Wang Q, Fang X, Gu GL, et al. Controlled Clinical Research on the Treatment of Hypertension by Tianmagouteng Decoction in Combination with Western Medicine. Journal of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine 2014;17(4): Chen CJ. Effect of Tianma Gouteng Decoction on Blood Pressure Variability of Hypertension of Liver-Yang Hyperactivity Type. Journal of New Chinese Medicine 2014;46(3): Gu HL. Tianma Gouteng Decoction in the Treatment of Primary Hypertension Randomized Parallel Controlled Study. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2013; 27(12): Yang YH. Clinical effect observation on treating 60 cases of hypertension in the integrative medicine. Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 2013;5(16): Guo CJ. Clinical analysis on the blood pressure of Ganyang Shangkang hypertensive patients by the Tianma Gouteng decoction. Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 2013;5(16): 王洪兴, 韩丽华. 天麻钩藤饮治疗肝阳上亢型高血压病临床观察. 光明中医 2013;28(11): Ye YF, Li SL, Zheng JR, Zhang YM. A Randomized Controlled Study on Tianma Gouteng Decoction in Treating Hypertension of Liver-Yang Hyperactivity Pattern. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2013;27(5): 孔利环. 中西医结合治疗肝阳上亢型高血压病临床观察. 中国社区医师 ( 医学专业 ) 2013;15(10): 王艳芳, 鲁新建. 天麻钩藤饮联合西药治疗肝阳上亢型高血压 30 例. 陕西中医 2013;34(9): Liu MM, et al. Effect of Tianmagouteng decoction on blood pressure and autioxidant enzyme activities in the hypertensive patients. Journal of Qiqihar University of Medicine 2013;34(8): 41
21 고혈압에대한천마구등음의효과 : 체계적문헌고찰과메타분석 罗琦. 天麻钩藤饮治疗肝阳上亢型高血压疗效观察. 中医药临床杂志 2013;25(8): Zhou JR. Clinical Observation on Tianma Gouteng Granules Combined with Western Medicine for Treatment of Senile Hypertension. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2013;19(7): 樊云. 天麻钩藤饮与厄贝沙坦 氢氯噻嗪片治疗阴虚阳亢型原发性高血压患者的临床疗效观察及偶测血压, 动态血压对比评价. 成都中医药大学硕士学位论文 陈宏斌, 张东. 天麻钩藤饮治疗高血压病的疗效观察. 中国临床研究 2012;25(12): 莫志云, 谢健周, 曾顺军. 天麻钩藤饮配合长效钙拮抗剂治疗高血压病疗效观察. 求医问药 2012;10(10) : 程胜军, 方显明, 李志英, 阮威君, 罗春蕾, 冯雪霞등. 精简天麻钩藤饮合 ACEi 类药对高血压患者血压及生存质量的影响. 中西医结合心脑血管病杂志 2012;19(8): 韦耀力. 天麻钩藤饮治疗高血压病肝阳上亢型 49 例疗效分析. 深圳中西医结合杂志 2012;22(5): 尹志锋. 中西医结合治疗高血压病 50 例. 山西中医 2012;28(4): 尹靖云. 天麻钩藤饮治疗 Ⅰ 期, Ⅱ 期高血压 60 例. 现代中西医结合杂志 2012;21(4): Pu JC. Hyperactivity Hypertension Treated by Decoction of Tianma Gouteng(TGD). Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese 2012;30(1): 秦风莲. 天麻钩藤颗粒与天麻钩藤汤干预原发性高血压临床效果比较. 中医中药 2010;17(10): 林金忠, 刘园园. 天麻钩藤饮治疗中青年 1 级高血压疗效观察. 中西医结合心脑血管病杂志 2010;8(6) : 朱智德, 李成林, 王庆高. 天麻钩藤颗粒对高血压病患者生存质量的影响. 福建中医药 2010;41(4) : Dong SY. Clinical Research of Gastrodia Elata Urcaria Enalaprilat in Treating Combined Liver Yang Hyperactivity Pattern Hypertension. China Journal of Chinese Medicine 2010;25(149): 于洋, 刘莉, 金娟. 天麻钩藤饮对肝阳上亢型高血压病患者 SOD 及 ET 的影响. 中医药学报 2010;38(2) : Zhu XQ. Clinical effects on integrative Chinese and Western medicine in treating essential hypertention. Journal of TCM Univ of Human 2009;29(12): Tan HY, Xing ZH, Chen JB. Clinical Effects of Tianmagouteng Tablets to 30 Patients with Hypertension. Journal of Hebei North University 2009;26(6): Lin ZZ, Xing ZH, Liu WP, et al. Effect of Tianmagouteng Decoction on Antioxygen and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Patients with Hypertension. Journal of Hebei North University 2009;26(4): 刘炽彬, 王履京, 任洪波, 蒋希成. 天麻钩藤饮联合培哚普利治疗高血压病 30 例. 中医药学报 2009; 37(1): Chen ZJ. The Clinical Observation on High Blood Pressure with Combined Treatment of Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine. Shanxi J of TCM 2008;24(7): 方显明, 黎芳, 何劲松, 王强. 天麻钩藤饮合卡托普利治疗高血压病 30 例. 陕西中医 2008;29(3): Wang HX. Clinical Study of Effect on Essential Hypertension Treated by Tianma Gouteng Yin. Chinese of Traditonal Chinese Medicine 2008; 26(2): Wang Q, Li F, Fang WM. Effect on Tianma Gouteng Decoction and Captopril2 on Blood 42
22 강기완 강자연 정민정 김홍준 선승호 장인수 Pressure and Inflammatory Factor in Patients with Essential Hypertension. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medine 2008;49(1): Zhang Z, Lin ZZ. Clinical obser vation on the ther apeutic effect of tianma gouteng decoction on the plasma level of malondic aldehyde among patients with hyper tension. China Medical Engineering 2007;15(1): 蔡昌龙, 李明月, 邢之华, 刘卫平, 谭海彦, 张臣. 天麻钩藤饮对肝阳上亢型高血压病患者血浆 JVN, WN8 的影响. 家用医学杂志 2005;21(3): Xing ZH, Cai CL, Tan HY, et al. Effect of Tianma Gouteng decoction on the curative efficacy and qulity of life in patients with essetial hypertension. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2004;8(15): Xing ZH, Tan HY, Liu WP, et al. Effect of Tianmagouteng Decoction on Blood Pressure and CAT in Hypertension Patients. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation 2004;19(6): Liu WP, Cai CL, Li MY, et al. The Effects of Gastrodia and Uncaria Beverage on Blood Pressure and Serum SOD Activity of Patients with Hypertension in the Pattern of Ascendant Liver Yang. Journal of TCM Univ of Hunan 2004;24(6): Xie MU, Su QY, Wang X. Clinical Study on Effect and Pathogenesis of Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin on Therapy the Hypertensinon. Journal of Heze Medical College 2004;16(4): Liu WP, Xing ZH, LIN ZZ. Effect of Tianmagouteng Decoction on Plasma Nitric Oxide of the Patients with Essential Hypertension. Chinese Journal of Rehabilit at ion 2003;18(5): Gong YP. Study on Effect of Tianma Goutengyin on trentment the Syndrome of exuberance of Liver-yang. Zheiiang college of TCM 2003;27(5) : A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline. 2017, p. 21-2, Traditional Medicine Institute. Oriental Medicine Dictionary. Seoul: Seongbosa; 2000, p Heran BS, Wong MMY, Heran IK, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008;4. 43
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