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1 Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 53 No. 8 August 2010 여성생식기에발생한샘모양종양 (adenomatoid tumor) 의임상양상 : 195 예분석 관동대학교의과대학제일병원산부인과 1, 병리과 2 이지은 1 조연진 1 김미라 1 김주명 1 주관영 1 전종영 1 한호원 1 구유진 1 김윤영 1 전이경 2 Adenomatoid tumors of female genital tracts: An analysis of 195 cases Ji Eun Lee, M.D. 1, Yeon Jean Cho, M.D. 1, Mi La Kim, M.D. 1, Joo Myoung Kim, M.D. 1, Kwan Young Joo, M.D. 1, Jong Young Jun, M.D. 1, Ho Won Han, M.D. 1, Yu Jin Koo, M.D. 1, Yun Young Kim, M.D. 1, Yi Kyeong Chun, M.D. 2 Departments of 1 Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2 Pathology, Cheil General Hospital and Women s Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Objective: Adenomatoid tumors of female genital tracts are benign lesions derived from mesothelium, occurring most commonly during the reproductive years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall incidence of adenomatoid tumors in Korean women and to analyze the clinical characteristics. Methods: One hundred and ninety five patients with adenomatoid tumors were found in a retrospective medical records review of pathologic reports for 44,984 benign uterine diseases at Cheil General Hospital, from January 1995 to April Results: The overall incidence rate was 0.42% of all benign uterine disease. Among them, 149 patients received hysterectomy, and 46 patients received uterine conservative surgery. Main symptoms of the patients were pain (25.1%), bleeding (30.2%), and palpable mass (18.5%). Most common associated pathologies were leiomyoma (46.6%), adenomyosis (25.1%) and endometriosis (13.1%). Most of the diagnosis was made postoperatively. Among 46 patients with conservative treatment, 13 patients showed successful pregnancy outcome. No recurrence occurred during the follow up period. Conclusion: Adenomatoid tumors are associated with fibroids and tend to mimic them clinically, making pre operative diagnosis difficult. The recurrence is rare even after conservative operation. Our data about this benign neoplasm may be helpful for counseling patients after operations. Key Words: Adenomatoid tumor, Female genital tract, Mesothelioma 샘모양종양 (adenomatoid tumor) 은중피종 (mesothelioma) 의일종으로, 1 자궁이나난소, 난관등여성생식기에서다소드물게발견되는양성종양이다. 중피세포 접수일 : 채택일 : 교신저자 : 조연진 jeanjane@naver.com 기원이밝혀지기전에, 조직학적소견이선종과비슷하다고하여 1945년 Golden 과 Ash 2 에의해샘모양종양으로명명되었다. 3 자궁절제술을시행한검체의약 1% 에서진단되고, 4,5 임상적으로특별한증상이없는경우가많다. 초음파에서자궁근종이나선근증으로진단되는경우가많고, 6 수술을시행한후조직학적검사에서우연히진단되는경우가대부분이다. 악성화하지않는것으로알려져있
2 이지은외 9 인. 여성생식기에발생한샘모양종양 (adenomatoid tumor) 의임상양상 : 195 예분석 으며, 5,7 보통은보존적수술이나자궁절제술로치료한다. 자궁의샘모양종양은국내에서 1965 년 3예및 1977 년 1 예, 년 1예, 년 1예, 년 1예를보고하였으나, 7 정확한빈도및양상에대한보고는부족한실정이다. 이에본연구는 1995 년 1월부터 2009 년 4월까지제일병원산부인과에서자궁절제술및근종제거수술중진단된샘모양종양의빈도, 임상적특징, 치료및경과를알아보고자하며, 더불어가임기여성에서진단되어보존적수술을하였을때향후임신력이나재발률에대해서알아보고자하였다. 연구대상및방법본연구는 1995 년 1월부터 2009 년 4월까지본원에서임상적으로자궁근종또는선근증의진단하에개복하또는복강경하자궁절제술및보존적수술을시행한예중조직학적으로샘모양종양을진단받은 195 명의환자에대하여후향적연구를진행하였다. 환자의수술시나이, 증상, 과거력, 초음파및영상학적진단명, 조직학결과및동반병변, 샘모양종양발생부위를살펴보았으며, 가임기여성에서보존적인수술을하였을때향후임신성공여부및병변재발여부를분석하였으며, 샘모양종양진단을위하여 calretinin 을면역조직화학염색을시행하였다. 통계는 SPSS ver (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 통계패키지를이용하여 Student s t-test 및 chi-square test 를사용하였고, 유의수준이 0.05 인경우를통계적으로의의가있는것으로하였다. 결과본원에서연구기간동안시행한자궁절제술및보존적수술을받은환자는 44,984 명이었으며, 그중조직학적결과샘모양종양이진단된경우는 195 명으로, 샘모양종양이진단된빈도는 0.42% 였다. 195 명중자궁절제술은 149 명, 보존적수술은 46명이었으며전체추적관찰기간은 79.9 (range: 1~416) 개월이었다. 환자의평균나이, 임신력, 출산력과수술당시주증상을자궁절제술을시행받은환자와보존적인수술을시행받은환자를나눠서살펴볼때 Table 1과같다. 보존적인수술은수술시종양만을제 거하는것으로향후임신을원하는환자에서이뤄졌기때문에나이, 임신력및출산력은의미있게낮았다. 전체환자군을대상으로하였을때수술당시주증상은통증 (25.1%, n=49), 생리양과다 (17.4%, n=34), 부정출혈 (12.8%, n=25), 압박증상및크기증가 (18.5%, n=36) 가있었으며그외에불임증상과관련하여수술한경우 (7.7%, n=15) 및미세침윤자궁경부암이동반된예들이있었다 (Table 2). 조직소견에서종양은크고작은낭성병변으로구성되어있었다 (Fig. 1). 종양세포는입방형혹은납작한세포로되어있고, 핵의비정형성이나세포분열은관찰되지않았다. 면역조직화학검사에서종양세포는중피세포표지자인 calretinin 에양성을보였다 (Fig. 2). 수술전이학적소견및영상진단을통한수술전진단으로는자궁근종의경우가 133 명 (68.2%) 으로가장많았으며, 그외에자궁선근증 27명 (13.8%), 난소낭종 8명 (4.1%), 자궁경부병변 12명 (6.2%) 등이있었다. 수술후조직검사상에서샘모양종양단독으로있는경우는 42명 (21.5%) 이었으며 153 명 (78.5%) 에서다른병변이동반되어있었는데, 빈도별로보면, 자궁근종 89명 (46.6%), 자궁선근종 48명 (25.1%), 자궁내막증 25명 (13.1%), 난소낭종 11명 Table 1. Characteristics of patients according to operation methods Hysterectomy (n=149) Conservative treatment (n=46) Total (n=195) Age (yr) 44.7± ± ±8.0 <0.001 Gravidity (n) 3.8± ± ±2.1 <0.001 Parity (n) 2.0± ± ±1.1 <0.001 Table 2. Indication for operation according to operation methods Indication for operation Hysterectomy No. (%) Conservative treatment No. (%) P Total No. (%) Pain 39 (26.1) 10 (21.7) 49 (25.1) Menorrhagia 29 (19.5) 5 (10.9) 34 (17.4) Bleeding 25 (16.8) 0 25 (12.8) Infertility 0 15 (32.6) 15 (7.7) Size increase 23 (15.4) 9 (19.6) 32 (16.4) Pressure symptom 4 (2.7) 0 4 (2.1) Incidentally 19 (12.8) 5 (10.9) 24 (12.3) Others 10 (6.7) 2 (4.3) 12 (6.2)
3 대한산부회지제 53 권제 8 호, 2010 Table 3. Coexisting pathologies with adenomatoid tumor Pathology No. (%) Adenomatoid tumor only 42 (21.5) Adenomatoid tumor associated with other pathologies 153 (78.5) Leiomyoma 89 (46.6) Adenomyosis 48 (25.1) Ovarian cyst 11 (5.8) Endometriosis 25 (13.1) Cervix cancer, carcimona in situ 10 (5.2) Endometrial hyperplasia 3 (1.6) Ovarian cancer 2 (1.0) Hydrosalpinx 3 (1.6) All of the associated pathologies were recorded together. Fig. 1. Solid cords or variable sized cystic spaces lined by flat to cuboidal tumor cells (H&E stain, 100). 은 46명환자중추적관찰기간중임신에성공한경우는 13명으로 (28.2%), 이는자연임신및보조생식술을받은경우모두를포함하고평균임신기간은 38.3 주였으며분만방법으로제왕절개술을받은경우 10명, 자연분만한경우 3명으로임신중이나분만중에자궁파열등의심각한합병증을동반한예는없었다 (Table 4). 이환자들에서추적관찰기간동안샘모양종양으로재발했던경우는없었다. 고찰 Fig. 2. Immunohistochemical stain for calretinin showing diffuse strong positivity in tumor cells ( 100). (5.8%) 순이었으며드물게자궁경부암 (5.2%), 자궁내막증식증 (1.6%), 난소암 (1.0%), 난관수종 (1.6%) 과동반되었다 (Table 3). 샘모양종양이발견된곳으로는 192 명 (98.5%) 에서자궁이었으며, 난소인경우는 1명 (0.5%), 나팔관인경우가 2명 (1.0%) 으로이들은자궁절제술및양측자궁부속기제거수술을하였던경우에서발견된것으로나팔관병변은그크기가약 1~3 cm로작은경우였으나, 난소의샘모양종양을보였던예는 58세폐경여성으로수술전초음파상에서우측난소에 7.8 cm의격막이있는낭종소견이보였으며수술당시에는우측난소의염전소견이보였던예이다. 향후임신을원하거나미혼상태에서보존적수술을받 1945 년 Golden 과 Ash 2 에의해명명된샘모양종양은, 중피에서기원하는양성종양이며, 이전에는림프관종, 선근종, 세망내피종등다양하게불리웠다. 종양의기원에관해서는혈관종모양의종양, 선섬유종, 중피종등과거에많은혼동이있었지만, 전자현미경검사와면역조직화학염색으로중피세포기원임이밝혀졌다. 면역조직화학염색에서중피세포표지자인 calretinin 에대해미만성으로양성반응을보이는것이이종양을확진하는데도움이된다. 11 샘모양종양으로진단된환자들의수술적응증으로복통호소 (25.1%), 부정출혈및생리양증가가있었던경우 (30.2%) 와같은증상을호소하는경우가많았지만, 자궁근종등다른병리학적문제를동반하고있던경우가 78.5% 나되므로이러한동반질환으로인한증상이었을가능성이높고, 샘모양종양만의특이적인증상으로생각되는것은없었다. 샘모양종양의정확한발생빈도를알기어려운이유도수술전초음파등영상진단에서자궁근종등다른
4 이지은외 9 인. 여성생식기에발생한샘모양종양 (adenomatoid tumor) 의임상양상 : 195 예분석 Table 4. Pregnancy outcome after conservative management of adenomatoid tumor No. Age at op. G P Age at pregnancy Pregnancy method Delivery mode Op. method Complication during pregnancy IVF C/S Laparotomy None Natural C/S Laparotomy Placenta totalis IVF C/S Laparoscopy None Natural NSVD Laparoscopy None Natural NSVD Laparotomy None IVF C/S Laparoscopy Twin pregnancy, IIOC Natural C/S Laparotomy None IVF C/S Laparoscopy None IVF C/S Laparoscopy None Natural C/S Laparoscopy None OI C/S Laparotomy None Natural NSVD Laparoscopy Twin pregnancy Natural C/S Laparoscopy None Op.: operation, OI: ovulation induction, IVF: in vitro fertilization, IIOC: incompetent internal os of cervix, C/S: cesarean section, NSVD: normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. 진단을받았다가수술후조직학적검사에서우연히진단되는경우가대부분이기때문이다. 샘모양종양은수술전진찰및초음파, 전산화단층촬영, 자기공명영상등의진단기구로감별하는것은어려운것으로알려져있다. 확진은수술후조직검사상에서현미경소견과중피표지자를이용한면역화학염색에의해내려진다. 6 본연구에서도샘모양종양을진단받은 195 명중 133 명의수술전영상진단이자궁근종이었다. 샘모양종양은육안적으로는회백색의매끈한절단면을보이며자궁근종과달리주변의근육층과경계가잘구분되지않는다. 3,6,12,13 주로단독으로존재하나, 다발성인경우도있고, 크기는 0.5 cm부터 5 cm까지다양하다. 낭성종양의경우그최대직경이 10 cm에이르는것도보고되었다. 6 또한이경우육안적소견이림프관종 (lymphangioma) 과유사하므로감별해야하며, 필요하다면냉동절편검사를시행해야한다. 12 대부분수술중의특징으로는경계가불분명하며근종과는달리자궁의정상조직에서잘제거되지않는점이있다. 조직학적으로낭형, 아데노이드형, 유혈관종형, 고형등의아형으로구분되는데, 14 어느형태가주요한지는종양의크기등과는관계없는것으로알려져있다. 7 Sangoi 등 11 은샘모양종양의조직학적검사에서보이는림프구침윤 (lymphoid aggregation) 같은만성염증소견이남성생식기의샘모양종양의경우 100% 에서발견되지만, 여성 생식기의샘모양종양의경우에서는 13% 로드물다고보고하면서성별에따른중피조직표지자비교를시도하였다. 여성생식기에서샘모양종양의호발연령은 26세에서 55세이고평균연령은 41세이다. 15 자궁절제술로치료하는것이원칙이지만, 젊은여성들의경우, 특히최근우리나라여성의임신연령이점차고령화되어감을고려한다면자궁의보존적수술을시도할수있다. 16 샘모양종양은양성종양으로재발된예가보고되지않았고악성변성또한없는것으로알려져있다. 5,17 본연구결과평균 79.9 개월의추적관찰기간동안, 195 명중단한예도재발하지않았다. 다만샘모양종양의단순절제술을받았다가자궁근종이발생하여재수술을받는경우다섯예에서있었으며, 다른부인과적양성질환으로재수술할수있음에대한충분한설명이이루어져야할것으로생각된다. 자궁의샘모양종양은무려 56~80% 의경우에서자궁근종과함께발생하며, 4,5,12 본연구에서도자궁근종이동반되는경우 46.6%, 자궁선근증이동반되는경우 25.1% 등다양한질환과동반됨을알수있다. Irikoma 등 18 은샘모양종양에보존적수술을시행하여임신을성공한한경우를소개하였으며, 본연구에서도, 보존적수술을하였던 46명중 13명 (28.2%) 에해당하는환자들이임신및분만에성공하였다. 비슷하게자궁근종의경우에도자궁근종의위치나크기에따라임신율에차이가있듯이샘모양종양을임신율과관련지어설명하기
5 대한산부회지제 53 권제 8 호, 2010 위해선보다세분하게구별하여분석할필요가있을것으로생각된다. 또한그외에도임신성공에는환자의나이등여러가지변수들이있기때문에단순히임신에성공한 13명의결과만으로샘모양종양과임신율의관계를설명하기에는많은한계가있지만젊은여성에게서샘모양종양을치료할때임신능력을보존하기위한방법으로보존적수술을추천할수있는근거가될수있다. 본연구는임상적으로드문샘모양종양을진단받은 195 예를후향적으로분석하여샘모양종양의빈도및재발, 임신의결과를보여준것에의의가있다고본다. 기존의증례보고만으로는샘모양종양의정확한임상양상이나동반병변의종류및빈도를알기는어려운실정이었으며, 수술후샘모양종양으로진단된것이어떠한의미를가지는지에대한근거는부족하였다. 샘모양종양은자궁에생기는양성종양의하나로서수술전에샘모양종양을진단하는것은매우어렵기도하지만, 종양의유무를진단하는것자체가임상적으로큰의미가있는것은아니라고생각되나, 수술전자궁근종및다른양성질환으로진단했다가수술후샘모양종양으로확진받은가임기여성에서향후재발및임신과관련된상담을하는데있어서본연구결과가도움이될것으로생각한다. 향후샘모양종양의크기및위치뿐만아니라자궁근종등흔한질환들과차이점등에관한연구가더이루어져야할것으로생각된다. 1.Hanada S, Okumura Y, Kaida K. Multicentric adenomatoid tumors involving uterus, ovary, and appendix. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2003; 29: Golden A, Ash JE. Adenomatoid tumors of the genital tract. Am J Pathol 1945; 21: Di Stefano D, Faticanti Scucchi L, Covello R, Martinazzoli A, Meli C, Bosman C. Uterine diffuse adenomatoid tumor. Does it represent a different biological entity? Gynecol Obstet Invest 1998; 46: Tiltman AJ. Adenomatoid tumours of the uterus. Histopathology 1980; 4: Christensen C, Bichel P. Adenomatoid tumour of uterus. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1988; 95: Kalidindi M, Odejinmi F. Laparoscopic excision of uterine adenomatoid tumour: two cases and literature review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 281: 참고문헌 7. An SH, Cha SH, Kim MK, Kim JY, Choi GY, Lee JJ, et al. One case of adenomatoid tumor of uterus. Korean J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 52: Lee IK, Kim YD, Park YS, Park YH. Two cases of adenomatoid tumor. Korean J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 20: Choi YH, Chae SW, Ahn HK, Lee MC, Park YE. Giant cystic adenomatoid tumor of the uterus: a case report. Korean J Pathol 1993; 27: Kim MJ, Gu MJ. Giant cystic adenomatoid tumor of the uterus: a case report. Korean J Pathol 2004; 38: Sangoi AR, McKenney JK, Schwartz EJ, Rouse RV, Longacre TA. Adenomatoid tumors of the female and male genital tracts: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 44 cases. Mod Pathol 2009; 22: Nogales FF, Isaac MA, Hardisson D, Bosincu L, Palacios J, Ordi J, et al. Adenomatoid tumors of the uterus: an analysis of 60 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2002; 21: Schwartz EJ, Longacre TA. Adenomatoid tumors of the female and male genital tracts express WT1. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2004; 23: Quigley JC, Hart WR. Adenomatoid tumors of the uterus. Am J Clin Pathol 1981; 76: Huang CC, Chang DY, Chen CK, Chou YY, Huang SC. Adenomatoid tumor of the female genital tract. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1995; 50: Sieunarine K, Cowie AS, Bartlett JD, Lindsay I, Smith JR. A novel approach in the management of a recurrent adenomatoid tumor of the uterus utilizing a Strassman technique. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15: Fisher ER, Klieger H. Epididymal carcinoma (malignant adenomatoid tumor, mesonephric, mesodermal carcinoma of epididymis). J Urol 1966; 95: Irikoma M, Takahashi K, Kurioka H, Miyazaki K, Kamei T. Uterine adenomatoid tumors confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2001; 265:
6 이지은외 9 인. 여성생식기에발생한샘모양종양 (adenomatoid tumor) 의임상양상 : 195 예분석 = 국문초록 = 목적 : 자궁절제술또는보존적수술로치료한샘모양종양 (adenomatoid tumor) 의임상적특징및향후임신력에대해알아보고자하였다. 연구방법 : 1995년 1월부터 2009년 4월까지본원산부인과에서양성자궁질환으로자궁절제술및보존적수술을받은 44,984 명중, 조직학적으로샘모양종양을진단받은 195명을대상으로하였다. 수술후의무기록을이용하여후향적분석을통해샘모양종양의발생부위, 동반병변등을살펴보고, 보존적수술을받은가임기여성의경우향후임신성공여부및재발여부를분석하였다. 결과 : 양성자궁질환중자궁샘모양종양을진단받은 195명으로빈도는 0.42% 이다. 환자들의주증상은통증 (25.1%), 출혈 (30.2%), 복부에서촉지되는종괴였으며, 동반되는부인과질환으로는자궁근중 (46.6%), 자궁선근증 (25.1%) 및자궁내막증 (13.1%) 이가장많았다. 보존적수술을시행받은환자는 46명이었으며, 그중 13명이임신에성공하고분만하였으며, 샘모양종양이재발한경우는없었다. 결론 : 샘모양종양은자궁근종과주로동반하며, 임상양상도비슷하기때문에수술전진단이어려운질환이나, 재발은거의없으며, 가임기여성의경우임신능력을보존하기위하여보존적수술을시행할수있다. 이러한결과는향후환자의상담에도움이될것이다. 중심단어 : 샘모양종양, 여성생식기, 중피종
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