Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2006; 5: 70-6 한국형 Severe Impairment Battery 의타당도와신뢰도평가 나해리 이정욱 고석범 박성민이승현 양동원 * 한일우 김대훈 백민재 이정석 김진숙 김상윤 보바스기념병원신
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1 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2006; 5: 70-6 한국형 Severe Impairment Battery 의타당도와신뢰도평가 나해리 이정욱 고석범 박성민이승현 양동원 * 한일우 김대훈 백민재 이정석 김진숙 김상윤 보바스기념병원신경과가톨릭대성모병원신경과 * 용인효자병원신경과 계요노인병원신경과 서울대학교의과대학신경과학교실 The Validity and Reliability of the Korean version of Severe Impairment Battery Hae Ri Na, M.D., Joung-Wook Lee, M.D., Seok-Bum Ko, M.D., Seong Min Park, M.D., Seung-Hyun Lee, M.S., Dong Won Yang, M.D.*, Il-Woo Han, M.D, Dae Hoon Kim, M.D, Min Jae Baek, M.S., Jung Seok Lee, M.D., Jin-Suk Kim, M.S., SangYun Kim, M.D. Department of Neurology, Bobath Memorial Hospital, Seongnam; The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine*, Seoul; Yongin Hyoja Geriatric Hospital, Yongin; Keyo Geriatric Hospital, Uiwang; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Address for correspondence SangYun Kim, M.D. Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam , Korea Tel: Fax: neuroksy@snu.ac.kr * 본연구는보건복지부보건의료기술진흥사업의지원에의하여이루어진것임 (A050079). * 본연구는 2005 년대한치매학회의젊은연구자상수상연구비로진행되었음. Background: Measurement of cognitive dysfunction in the early stages of Alzheimer s disease (AD) has been well studied and there are many objective tests in use for this purpose. With exception of clinical rating scales, however, there are only a few objective measures of cognition for tracking progression in advanced AD. The Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) is a test which has been developed taking into account the specific cognitive and behavioral features of patients with severe dementia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to test reliability and concurrent validity of the Korean version of the Severe Impairment Battery (K-SIB). Methods: Participants included 10 normal healthy elderly and 91 patients with moderate to severe AD. The diagnosis of probable AD was established according to National Institute for Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer s Disease Stroke/Alzheimer s Disease and Related Disorders (NINCDS- ADRDA) criteria. To obtain concurrent validity, all the participants received K-SIB, Korean version of minimental status examination (K-MMSE) on the same day. We also tested inter-rater reliability among six raters using a videotape recording and tested test-retest reliability. Results: The mean score on the K-SIB was 68.97±19.08 with a possible maximum of 100 points. The mean scores on the three K-SIB groups (group 1: K-MMSE scores of 11-15, group 2: K-MMSE scores of 6-10, group 3: K-MMSE scores of 0-5) were 82.49±7.70, 64.47±15.27 and 41.09± Significant correlations were found between the K-MMSE and the K-SIB ( =0.808), between the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the K-SIB ( =-0.72) between Sum of Box of the CDR (CDR-SB) and the K-SIB ( =-0.70), between Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and the K-SIB ( =-0.580), between Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination (BPMSE) and the K-SIB ( = 0.83), between Barthel Activities of Daily Living (B-ADL) and the K-SIB ( =0.53), Korean Instrumental ADL (K-IADL) and the K-SIB ( =-0.38), between Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) and the K-SIB ( =-0.560). Significant correlations were found between K-SIB and other cognitive and non-cognitive scores (p<0.01). The correlation coefficients were high for interrater reliability ( =0.99) and tolerable for test-retest reliability ( =0.51). Conclusions: The Korean version of SIB appears to be a reliable and valid tool as a staging measure for severe dementia patients. Key Words: Severe Dementia, Alzheimer s disease, Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) 서론최근수년에걸쳐서알쯔하이머병 (Alzheimer s disease; AD) 을비롯한여러가지치매질환을조기에진단하는많은연구결과들이발표되었다 [1-6]. 경도치매환자의인지장애와진행과정을알수있는많은신경심리검사도구가발표되었으나이러한 신경심리검사도구를중증의환자에적용하였을때검사가환자의인지기능을정확하게평가하는데에는그정확도가높지않았다 [7]. AD의진행은인지기능전영역과일상생활능력의심각한손상을가져오게되므로질병이진행한후에도기존방식의신경심리검사를적용하는경우환자들은최저극단화효과 (floor effect) 를보인다 [8]. 70
2 한국형 Severe Impairment Battery 의타당도와신뢰도평가 71 이러한기존신경심리검사도구의단점을극복하기위해몇몇연구에서는중증치매환자에서행동척도를중심으로치매의정도를평가하기도하였고 [9] 혼수평가도구를사용하기도하였으나그적용은제한적이었다 [10]. 몇몇연구에서는중증치매환자를주대상으로한평가척도가소개되었는데 [11], Severe Impairment Battery (SIB)[7, 9, 12-19], Hierarchic Dementia Scale (HDS)[20], The Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile (SCIP)[21], The Test for Severe Impairment Battery (TSI)[22] 등이있다. 하지만이들검사중검사시행의용이성, 검사시간의적절성, 검사후결과평가의용이함을이유로전세계적으로 SIB가가장널리쓰이며현재영어, 이탈리아어, 스페인어, 프랑스어, 스웨덴어로표준화연구가되어있다 [8]. SIB는중증치매환자에서인지기능과행동양상을평가하기위해 1990년 Saxton 등에의해개발된 [12] 치매평가검사로서기억력, 언어력, 지남력, 시공간력, 실행력, 집중력, 구성력, 사회적상호작용, 이름부르기에대한반응의 9개평가항목으로구성되어있다. SIB 는기존신경심리검사도구와는달리답변이한단어나단답형으로구성되어있고피검자의이해를돕기위해검사자가동작을혼합해서의미를전달할수있으며, 한가지질문에대하여여러번질문을반복하는것이가능하므로의사소통능력정도나교육정도에상관없이중증의치매환자에적용할수있는장점이있다 [7, 8, 12-19]. 1990년 Saxton 등은 DSM-IV criteria와 NINCDS-ADRDA criteria probable/possible AD 환자중에서 MMSE 점수가 0-13 점에속하는총 41명의중증치매환자를대상으로 SIB 초안을시행하였다. 이들환자에서의 MMSE 와 SIB 점수의상관관계가높고검사자간신뢰도와검사재검사신뢰도가매우높게나타났다 [12]. 이후 SIB는중증환자에서그유용성이입증되어지속으로사용되고있으며개정을거듭하여현재는 1993년도에개정된축약형제3 판이널리사용되고있다. 축약형제3판은총 51문항의질문에대해질문항목당 1점혹은 2점의만점을획득하여 100 점의총점을획득하게구성되어있는도구이다 [7]. 이연구는중증환자에서그유용성이입증된 [7, 8, 12-19] SIB를한국어로번안하고타당도와신뢰도를검정하여이를한국인의중증치매의정도를정량화하는검사로사용할수있는지를알아보기위하여시행하였다. 대상과방법 1. 한국어판 Severe Impairment Battery의개발치매관련질환의진료를담당하는신경과전문의 8명과 2명의임상심리사가모여, 영문 SIB 축약형제3판을한글로번안하여일차번안본으로사용하였다. 일차번안본을이용하여 2005 년 6월부터 8월까지보바스기념병원, 분당서울대병원, 계요노인병원, 용인효자노인병원치매클리닉을내원한 20명의중증치매환자와 10명의정상노인을대상으로예비연구를하였고이결과를기초로하여일차번안본을수정보안하여 Korean Version of SIB (K-SIB) 를완성하였다. 언어이해력을평가하기위해원안의 SIB에서는 손을내밀어보세요 라는질문을하여피검자가손을내밀면다음질문으로 반대쪽손을내밀어보세요 하고질문하게된다. 하지만예비연구에서많은환자가양손을내미는모습을보여양손을내미는경우 손을뒤집어보세요 란지시문을추가하였다. 시공간력과시각적기억력을측정하기위해원안의 SIB에서는 `blue, green, red 의세가지색깔의블록을사용하는데한국인에서는초록색과파랑색을혼동하여부르는문제점이있어서 K-SIB 에서는파랑색, 노랑색, 빨강색의세가지색깔의블록을사용하였다. 또한시각적기억력을측정하는다른도구인포크, 아이스크림주걱, 계량수저를한국피검자들에게문화적으로친밀한도구인젓가락, 주걱, 플라스틱국자로바꾸어제시하였다. 나머지문항들은원본의내용과지시문을그대로사용하여검사의기본구조를원본과같도록하였다. 원본의검사방법을기초로하여 K-SIB 의조사방법을표준화하여검사자가일정한방법으로검사를할수있게교육하였다. 검사는 1인의전문간호사가 4개병원을방문하여하도록하였다. 2. 환자군 2005년 8월 1일부터 2006년 3월 31일까지보바스기념병원, 분당서울대병원, 계요노인병원, 용인효자노인병원의기억장애및치매클리닉을통해진료를받았거나신경과에입원하였던환자중에서 NINCDS-ADRDA criteria 중 probable AD를만족하는환자와나이를제외하고는그기준을만족하는고령의 AD 환자 (86세에서 90세까지의환자 ) 를대상으로하였다. 3. 검사도구인지기능저하와치매의상태를평가하기위해환자모두에게 K-MMSE, BPMSE, CDR, CDR-SB, GDS, B-ADL, K-IA- DL, FAST, K-NPI를시행하였다. K-MMSE가 0-15점사이의환자로총 91명의환자가기준을만족하여검사대상에포함되었다. 검사에영향을주는심한청력, 언어, 시각장애가있는환자와적절한병력을제공할수있는보호자가없는경우는연구에서제외하였다. 4. 정상대조군정상대조군은보바스기념병원의외래환자와그보호자들을중심으로하여 Christensen 등 [23] 이주장한인지기능의감퇴와
3 72 나해리 이정욱 고석범외 9 인 연관될수있는 28가지의질환이없고 Korean dementia screening Questionnaire (K-DSQ) 에서 5점이하를보이며의미있는기억장애및인지기능장애가없는사람들을대상으로하였다. 프로그램에참가한사람들에게 K-SIB, K-MMSE를같은날동시에시행하였고 K-MMSE 점수가 2% ile 이하인환자는치매의가능성이높아정상대조군에서제외하였다. 5. 신뢰도및타당도검정 검사-재검사의신뢰도조사를위해대상치매환자군의검사중비디오촬영을시행한후촬영된필름을무작위로선택하여총 12명의중증치매환자군을대상으로평균 30일후에동일한검사자가 K-SIB 를반복실시하여하였다. 4명의신경과전문의와 2명의임상심리사, 2명의연구간호사및 1명의사회복지사가모여촬영된필름을보면서채점을실시하였다. 선택된환자는보바스기념병원의환자가 6명, 계요노인병원의환자가 4명, 용인효자노인병원의환자가 2명이었다. 채점은 9명이동시에하도록하였고, 검사자는필름검토중필요한것에대해추가하여답변하였고 9명의점수사이의상관성을알아보았다. K- SIB의타당도는환자의 K-SIB의총점수와 K-MMSE, BP- MSE, CDR, CDR-SB, GDS, B-ADL, K-IADL, FAST의기저점수를비교하여평가되었다. 6. 통계분석 환자군과대조군의연령과교육수준의비교는 t 검정을하였고성비는 Pearson Chi-square 검정을하였다. 전체치매환자를대상으로 K-SIB와 K-MMSE, BPMSE, CDR, CDR-SB, GDS, B-ADL, K-IADL, FAST, K-NPI간의 Pearson 상관 Table 1. Demographic data of the subjects Control (N=10) Patient (N=91) p- value Age (yrs) * Education (yrs) * Social interaction <0.01* Memory <0.01* Orientation <0.01* Language <0.01* Attention <0.01* Praxis <0.01* Visuospatial ability <0.01* Construction <0.01* Orientating to name <0.01* K-SIB <0.01* K-MMSE total <0.01*, Standard Deviation; K-SIB, Korean version of Severe Impairment Battery; K-MMSE, Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination; N, Number of patients. *Statistically significant difference, Student T-test. 계수를산출하여공존타당도를확인하였고 Cronbach s alpha로내적일치도를산출하여신뢰도를확인하였다. 치매의정도를반영하는 K-MMSE 점수와 CDR 정도에따른 K-SIB 점수의차이는일원배치분산분석 (one way ANOVA) 으로시행하여분석하였고 Scheffe 법으로사후검정을하였다. 환자군에서나이, 성별, 교육수준이 K-SIB 점수에미치는영향은다중선형회귀분석 (multiple linear regression method) 을시행하여살펴보았다. 검사자간신뢰도와검사-재검사신뢰도는 Pearson correlation으로살펴보았고통계프로그램은 SPSS 13.0을이용하였고모든분석에대한유의수준은 0.05 미만으로하였다. 결 과 1. 조사대상의인구학적특성 본연구는대조군 10명과환자군 91명으로총 101명을대상으로실시되었다. 분석결과두군에서연령을제외한 K-SIB 각항목의점수와총점, K-MMSE 총점에서통계적으로유의한차이를나타내었다 (Table 1). 정상대조군은 10명으로여자가 6명남자가 4명이었는데, 평균연령은 76.70±5.23세, 학력은 9.80±4.92년, K-MMSE는 26.20±2.49이었다. 대조군에서의 K-SIB 점수는평균 97.70± 2.36으로모든환자가거의만점의점수를획득하였다. 환자군 91명은남자 23명 (25.3%), 여자 68명 (74,7%) 이었다. 평균연령은 77.36±7.01세, 학력은 5.59±5.35년, K-MMSE는 9.87±3.58, BPMSE는 20.47±5.16, CDR은 2.41±0.80, CDR- SB는 13.33±5.35, GDS 점수는 5.40±0.63, B-ADL은 12.72± 6.89, K-IADL은 2.32±0.76, FAST는 Stage 6c-6d (8.31±2.48, 6a 이상은아라비아숫자로 1단계씩올려통계처리함 ), K-NPI 는 19.88±20.31 이었다. 환자군에서 K-MMSE가 0-15점을보인반면 K-SIB는 3-93점으로광범위한영역의분포를보였다. K-SIB 점수에영향을주는요인분석을위해다중회귀분석 (multiple linear regression method) 을실시하였다. 단계선택방식으로독립변수들을입력한결과 K-SIB에영향을주는변수는나이 (p<0.05), 질환의유병기간 (p<0.05), 교육연수 (p<0.05) 이고 Table 2. Multiple regression analysis Beta Tolerance p-value Sex Male * Female Age (yrs) * Education (yrs) * Onset (yrs) *, Standard Deviation. *, Statistically significant difference;, Multiple regression analysis.
4 한국형 Severe Impairment Battery 의타당도와신뢰도평가 73 성별은영향을주지못하는것으로나타났다. 이변수들은전체변량의 24.71% (R 2 =0.2471) 를설명하였다 (Table 2). 한편환자군에서 K-MMSE 점수에대한동일한네가지변수의영향을분석하였는데 K-MMSE 에영향을미치는변수는나이 (p<0.05), 유병기간 (p<0.05), 교육연수 (p<0.05) 이며성별은영향을미치지못하는것으로나타나, 대상환자군에서 K- SIB와동일한경향을보였다. 이변수들은전체변량의 26.7% (R 2 =0.267) 를설명하였다 (Table 2). 2. K-SIB 의대한타당도검정 K-SIB 의타당도는환자의 K-SIB 의총점수와 K-MMSE, Table 3. Coefficients of correlation between the variables K-SIB K-MMSE CDR GDS FAST Social interaction 0.57* 0.46* -0.34* * Memory 0.82* 0.67* -0.57* -0.51* -0.42* Orientation 0.43* 0.54* -0.46* -0.39* Language 0.95* 0.75* -0.67* -0.53* -0.50* Attention 0.76* 0.58* -0.57* -0.36* -0.40* Praxis 0.67* 0.58* -0.47* -0.40* -0.48* Visuospatial ability 0.77* 0.57* -0.57* -0.47* -0.54* Construction 0.71* 0.56* -0.57* -0.38* -0.37* Orientating to name 0.44* 0.40* -0.34* -0.32* -0.41* K-SIB 0.81* -0.72* -0.58* -0.56* K-MMSE -0.71* -0.59* -0.51* CDR 0.80* 0.66* GDS 0.64* FAST K-SIB, Korean version of Severe Impairment Battery; K-MMSE, Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; FAST, Functional Assessment Staging. *Statistically significant difference. CDR, CDR-SB, GDS, BPMSE, B-ADL, K-IADL, FAST의기저점수를비교하여평가되었다. K-SIB와 K-MMSE의상관계수는 0.81 (p<0.01), K-SIB와 CDR는 (p<0.01), K- SIB와 CDR-SB는 (p<0.01), K-SIB와 GDS는 (p< 0.01), K-SIB와 BPMSE는 0.83 (p<0.01), K-SIB와 B-ADL 은 0.53 (p<0.01), K-SIB와 K-IADL은 (p<0.01), K-SIB 와 FAST는 (p<0.01) 로모두높은공존타당도를보였다 (Table 3). 치매의정도에따른 K-SIB의점수분포를분석하였는데치매의심한정도를나타내는 K-MMSE 점수와 CDR 점수를이용하여환자를분석하였다. 먼저 K-MMSE 점수에따라환자를 3개의군으로나누었다. K-MMSE 점수가 11-15점은중등도 1 환자군, 6-10점은중등도 2 환자군, 0-5점은중등도 3 환자군으로나누어분석하였다. 분석결과, K-MMSE로분류된치매의정도에따른 K-SIB 총점은유의한차이를보였는데 (F=42.97, p<0.01), 사후검정을통해환자군간의차이를살펴본결과치매가심할수록 K-SIB는낮은것으로나타났다 (Table 4, Fig. 1). CDR 등급에따른 K-SIB 총점은유의한차이를보였는데, 사후검정을통해 CDR 등급간의차이를살펴본결과 CDR 2, 3 및 3, 4군간에는유의한차이가있었지만 CDR 1과 2군간에는유의한차이가없었다 (Table 5, Fig. 2). 3. K-SIB의신뢰도 K-SIB에있는 51가지문항, 9개영역의내적일치도를알아보기위하여 Crohbach s 계수를산출하였다. Cronbach s 계수는 로나타나일치정도는높은것으로평가되었다. 세부항목별로는지남력에서 , 사회적상호작용에서 로신 Table 4. Neuropsychological characteristics according to the K-MMSE 11-15점 6-10점 0-5점 p-value Scheffe의다중비교 11-15점 6-10점 0-5점 Number of patients Social interaction <0.01* b b a Memory <0.01* c b a Orientation <0.01* b a a Language <0.01* c b a Attention <0.01* b b a Praxis <0.01* c b a Visuospatial ability <0.01* b b a Construction <0.01* c b a Orientating to name * b b a K-SIB <0.01* c b a K-MMSE <0.01* c b a CDR <0.01* c b a K-SIB, Korean version of Severe Impairment Battery; K-MMSE, Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; FAST, Functional Assessment Staging. *Statistically significant difference; One way ANOVA.
5 74 나해리 이정욱 고석범외 9 인 K-SIB K-SIB 점 6-10점 0-5점 K-MMSE Fig. 1. Box-Plots of the K-SIB Stratified by Three K-MMSE groups CDR Fig. 2. Box-Plots of the K-SIB Stratified by Four CDR groups. Table 5. Neuropsychological characteristics according to CDR CDR p- value Scheffe의다중비교 Number of patients Social interaction * a a a a Memory <0.01* c b, c a, b a Orientation <0.01* c b, c b a Language <0.01 c b a a Attention <0.01* b a a a Praxis <0.01* b a, b a a Visuospatial ability <0.01* b a a a Construction <0.01* b a a a Orientating to name <0.01* b b a a, b K-SIB <0.01* c b a a K-SIB, Korean version of Severe Impairment Battery; K-MMSE, Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; FAST, Functional Assessment Staging. *Statistically significant difference; One way ANOVA. Table 6. Interrater and Test-retest reliability correlation coefficients for total score and subscales of the Korean version of Severe Impairment Battery (K-SIB) Interrater correlation (N*=10) Test-retest correlation (N*=12) Total K-SIB score Social interaction Memory Orientation Language Attention Praxis Visuospatial ability Construction Orientating to name All p values <0.01 (Pearson s rank correlation). *N, Number of patients. 뢰도가낮게측정된것을제외하고는모두높은일치정도를보였다. 12명의환자에게검사-재검사가시행되었는데검사-재검사의신뢰도는 Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients로측정하였다. 검사-재검사의기간은평균 28±3일 (21-52일) 이었다. 검사 -재검사의신뢰도 ( =0.51, p<0.01) 와검사자간신뢰도 ( =0.99, p<0.01) 는모두유의한것으로확인되었다 (Table 6). 고찰이연구결과는 K-MMSE 를비롯한하여기존의치매검사에서바닥효과를보였던중등도치매환자의인지기능을평가하는데있어서 K-SIB 가유용한검사임을보여주고있다. 특히 K-MMSE 점수가 10점이하의중등도의환자에서 K-SIB의점수가 3에서 91점으로넓게분포하여중등도군환자의인지기능을보다정확하게평가하는데에유용한검사로생각된다. K-SIB는 K-MMSE의점수에따라 K-MMSE 점수가 6-10
6 한국형 Severe Impairment Battery 의타당도와신뢰도평가 75 의중등도 2군과 0-5인중등도 3군의환자에서 K-MMSE 와높은상관관계를보이는것으로나타났다. 특히중등도 2군의환자에서통계적으로유의한상관관계를보였고중등도 3군의환자에서는통계적으로는유의하지않았지만높은상관관계를보였다. 중등도 3의환자군에서보다중등도 2의환자군에서통계적으로유의하게높은상관관계를보이는것은중등도가높은환자군에서는검사중에환자가비협조적이었다던가아니면심한흥분상태 (agitation) 을보여검사중나온 K-SIB 점수가유효한점수가아니었을가능성이있을것으로생각된다. 이러한환자군에있어서의 K-SIB 의유효성은추적검사를통해중증알쯔하이머환자의인지기능장애의자연경과를 K-SIB 가잘나타낸다면입증할수있을것이다. 중등도 2와 3의최중등도환자군에서의군내의 K-SIB의점수차이가중등도 1의환자군내에서의점수차이보다높은차이를보이며표준편차도중등도 1의환자군의두배정도로나타나는것으로보아 K-SIB 가 K-MMSE 점수가 10점보다낮은중증치매환자에서의인지기능의차이를잘반영하나 K-MMSE 점수로보아 11점에서 15점정도인중등도가덜한치매환자에게는그유용성이중증환자에서보다는떨어짐을알수있었다. 또한 CDR 등급으로환자군을나누었을경우에도사후검정을통해알수있듯 CDR1과 CDR2의환자군에서의 K-SIB 의변별력이 CDR 2, 3, 4의중증의환자군보다떨어지는것으로도 K-SIB가치매의중등도환자에게보다유용한검사임을알수있었다. 환자군의인구학적특성을나타내는여러변수를비교한결과본연구에서는환자군의연령, 교육연수, 유병기간과 K-SIB는유의한상관관계를보였다. 연령은기존의 SIB 연구 [7, 8, 12-19] 와는달리영향을미치는변수로작용했는데, 이로서 SIB 역시기존인지기능검사연구 [1-6] 에서와같이연령에영향을받을수도있다고추정해볼수있겠다. 교육연수가영향을미치는변수로작용한것은본연구의대상환자군의교육연수 (5.59±5.35) 가기존연구보다짧고또표준편차가크기때문에그러한결과를보였을것으로추정할수있다. 유병기간과 K-SIB 가우수한상관관계를보이는것으로보아 K-SIB가중증알쯔하이머병의자연경과를잘반영하는도구로사용될수있을것으로생각된다. 또한 K-SIB 는인지기능을세분화해서평가할수있어중증치매환자에게서도보다정확하고자세한신경심리평가가가능하게되었다. K-SIB를 9개의세부영역인기억력, 언어력, 지남력, 시공간력, 실행력, 집중력, 구성력, 사회적상호작용, 이름부르기에대한반응에서분석하면 9개모든영역에서 K-SIB 총점과 CDR, K-MMSE로나눈치매정도평가에서치매의중등도와개개영역의점수간에는통계적으로유의한차이를보이는것으로나타났다. 이를이용하여현재구성의항목들중몇몇항목을발췌하여축약형검사를시도한다면현재검사에서나타났던최중등도환자의검사의어려움을극복하면서 K-SIB와유사한인지기능평가를기대할수있을것으로생각된다. 이밖에도몇몇영역의국소적인지장애가두드러진중증치매환자에서질 환의진행을추적하는데에도높은활용도를보일것이다. 정상대조군에서거의만점에가까운 K-SIB 점수를보인것은 K-SIB의질문항목이모호하지않고환자군에서비정상반응을잘반영할수있음을보여준다. K-SIB의검사- 재검사의신뢰도는 =0.51이었고검사자간신뢰도는 =0.99으로모두수용할만한신뢰도를보였다. 또한 K- SIB는 9가지인지영역에서각항목간의 Cronbach s 계수가 로이전의연구들에서와같이높은내적일치도를보였으나세부항목중에서지남력에서 , 사회적상호작용에서 로낮은내적일치도를보인것은이항목이몇문항되지않아평가에불충분했을가능성도있고또한이문항에대한 K- SIB의불안정성의가능성도있다고생각된다. 검사-재검사신뢰도에서영역별로분석하여보면언어력, 지남력, 시공간력, 실행력의항목에서는높은상관관계를보였고집중력, 기억력, 구성력에서는통계적으로는유의하나비교적낮은상관관계를보였다. 이것에대해명확하게설명할수는없으나이러한결과는몇몇항목에서 K-SIB 의불안정이있거나혹은중증치매환자의활동력의일간변화가중요한원인이된것으로추정해볼수있다. 이러한두가지가정에대해두번째가정이좀더타당한것은기능이좋은환자군을대상으로해서재검사를했을때신뢰도가향상되는것으로알수있다. 따라서특히이런중등도환자의검사에는검사의시점을맞추어환자가안정된상태에서검사를하는것이반드시필요할것이다. 현재까지 K-MMSE 는그자체에많은제한점을가지고있음에도불구하고, 다른신경학적검사도구의 gold standard로사용되고있다. 본연구에서도 K-SIB가 K-MMSE에비해중증환자에서그기능장애및인지기능의장애를더잘반영한다고주장할수없으나, 그점수의분포범위가더크고, 균일하기때문에중증환자의인지기능의자세한평가및치료방법에대한효과확인에 K-MMSE 보다는더유용할것으로생각된다. 이에대해서는 K-SIB 를이용한중증환자의추적검사를실시해서입증해야할것이다. 본연구의제한점으로는정상대조군의수가적어학력및나이에따른정상규준에대한연구가미흡했던것으로생각되며이에대한추가적인연구가필요할것이다. 또한대상환자군의평균연령이높은점, 평균학력이낮은점이기존의연구와다른결과를보이는주요한이유가되었을것이라생각되며향후저연령, 고학력에서의중증치매연구가좀더필요할것이다. 결론적으로 K-SIB는인지기능의주요영역의다양한평가가포함된인지검사도구로서중증치매환자에서치매평가도구로사용한다면치매의정도를정확하게평가할수있을것으로생각된다. 또한추적검사로중증치매에서질환의진행경과를반영하여약물적, 비약물적치료효과를판정하는데에유용하게사용될수있을것이다. 거의말기에가까운이환자군에서인지기능의감퇴와신경해부학적연구가병행된다면알쯔하이머병의임상적, 병리적접근이함께이루어질수있을것이다.
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