<353720C3D6B1D4C7FC2DC1F6C7CFC3B620B1B8B0A3BFA1BCAD20C0CCBFEBB0B428BCD2BCD3C8AEC0CE292E687770>
|
|
- 손하 개
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 5 pp , ISSN / eissn 고승천 1, 최규형 2* 1 서울과학기술대학교철도시스템학과, 2 서울과학기술대학교철도전기신호공학과 Access Delay Characteristics of Wi-Fi Network According to User Increase in Subway Section Seoung-chon Koh 1, Kyu-Hyoung Choi 2* 1 Department of Railway System, 2 Department of Railway Electrical/Signaling Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology 요약지하철에서는주로 LTE와 Wi-Fi 를통하여급증하는무선데이터서비스를제공하고있다. 승객의이동에따라이용객수가급변하는특성을가지고있으며, LTE는사용자가증가해도안정적인서비스제공이가능한반면에 Wi-Fi 는이용객이증가하면접속시간이증가하는등성능이크게저하되는현상이발생한다. 본논문에서는 Wi-Fi 전송망에대한수학적모델링및시뮬레이션을통하여이용객증가에따른접속지연증가특성을분석하였으며, 영업운영중인지하철 10개역구간에서 Wi-Fi 망에의접속지연및손실률을측정하여비교하였다. 측정및분석결과는지하철에서의 LTE와 Wi-Fi 간데이터오프로딩구성에필요한접속방법및향후 LTE-R 도입시효율적인망구성에적용할수있다. Abstract LTE and Wi-Fi networks provide wireless communication services to passengers in subway where the number of network access fluctuates according to passenger movement. While the number of network access increase, LTE can provide stable communication service but Wi-Fi suffers temporal access delay to network. This paper analyzes the increase in access delay of Wi-Fi network according to increasing user in subway section by making mathematical modeling of Wi-Fi network and simulation study. The access delay characteristics of Wi-Fi network is measured along an subway line and the results are compared to the theoretical study. These results can be applied to the connection method to build an efficient network structure between LTE and Wi-Fi interworking network and the future introduction of LTE-R. Key Words : Subway, Wi-Fi, LTE, Offloading, Access Delay 1. 서론지하철구간에는승강장에서대합실에이르기까지대부분의장소에이용객들에게무선통신서비스를제공하기위한다양한통신망이설치되어있다. 서울지역지하철의경우기간통신사업자들의 LTE (Long Term Evolution) 망과 Wi-Fi망, Wibro (Wireless broadband) 망이설치되어이용객들에게무선서비스를제공하고있다. 또한 LTE 기술을철도운영에적용한 LTE-R (Railway) 의도 입이추진되고있다 [1,2]. LTE망의경우넓은지역에걸쳐일정한수준의안정적인서비스제공이가능하고, Wi-Fi망의경우좁은지역에서경제적인광대역서비스를제공할수있는장점이있어지속적인확산이예상된다. 즉, LTE 기술은일정수준이상의 QoS (Quality of Service) 와보안이요구되는서비스에서지하철운영및일반가입자대상서비스를제공하고, Wi-Fi 기술은저비용의광대역서비스에적합하게확산될것으로예상된다. 반면, Wibro망은 LTE망과의표준화경쟁에서주도 * Corresponding Author : Kyu-Hyoung Choi(Seoul National Univ. of Science and Technology) Tel: cohen@naver.com Received March 29, 2015 Accepted May 7, 2015 Revised (1st April 23, 2015, 2nd May 6, 2015) Published May 31,
2 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 5 호, 2015 권을상실하여내용연한도래시까지만사용되다 LTE망으로흡수될것으로예상된다. 최근스마트폰을비롯한휴대기기의급증으로인해트래픽이폭발적으로증가하고있으며, 이에따라 LTE 망에서증가한무선트래픽을효율적으로처리하기위해비허가대역인 Wi-Fi망을활용한데이터오프로딩 (offloading) 에대한표준화연구가 3GPP (The 3rd Generation Partnership Program) 와제조사를중심으로활발하게진행되고있다 [3]. 일반적으로오프로딩시 Wi-Fi는 LTE에비해상대적으로보안이취약하고안정적인 QoS를보장하지않는문제를가지고있다. 특히사용자가갑자기증가하는상황에서는정상적인망접속기능을수행하지못하는상황이발생할수있다. 오프로딩을통해경제성과효율성을확보하기위해서는사용자증가에따른 Wi-Fi망의성능을사전에예측하여적절하게부하분산 (Load Balancing) 을할필요가있다. 본논문에서는지하철구간에서사용자의증가로인한 Wi-Fi 망접속지연이 QoS에미치는영향을분석하기위하여, 사용자증가에따른 Wi-Fi 데이터의충돌확률과망접속지연을수학적으로모델링하여평균접속지연을유도한다 [5]. CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance) 방식에서의재전송에대한연구에서 Wu 등 [6] 은재전송회수제한을고려하였고, Bianchi[7] 는 2차원마르코프체인을사용하였으며, Kwak[8] 등은 1차원마르코프체인에근거한간단한분석방법을사용하였다. 또한 Kumar[9] 등은 renewal theory 접근방식에의한분석을하였다. 본논문에서는 Sakurai[10] 가제안한모델을근거로 Wi-Fi 망진입에소요되는지연을모델링하였으며, 이를실제지하철의무선통신환경에서의측정치와비교분석하였다. 논문의구성은다음과같다. 2장에서는지하철구간의무선통신망에대해살펴보고, LTE와 Wi-Fi간의오프로딩및 Wi-Fi망에서접속지연에미치는영향이큰 Random Backoff에대해설명한다. 3장에서는망접속지연성능을분석하기위한 Wi-Fi 접속지연을수학적으로모델링하고시뮬레이션을수행하였다. 4장에서는실제지하철구간의무선데이터통신성능을측정하고 3장의결과와비교분석하였다. 5장에서는결과를고찰하고추가연구방향을제시한다. 2. 지하철무선통신망구성지하철구간에서서비스되는무선통신망들의구성을 Fig. 1에보인다. 지하철역사내통신실에는기지국들이설치되어있으며, 광분산중계장치 (Optical Repeater) 및중계기 (Repeater) 를통해대합실, 승강장, 터널구간에무선통신서비스를제공한다. 차량에탑승하여이동중에도무선랜서비스제공을위해객실내부에기간통신사업자의 Wi-Fi AP가설치되어있으며, 이를통해대부분의지하철구간에서무선랜서비스제공이가능하다. 현재는객실내부에설치된 Wi-Fi망이 Wibro망을거쳐인터넷에연결되는구조로서 Wi-bro 기지국대역폭인 25Mbps 이내에서전송속도의제한을받는구조이나본논문에서는 LTE와 Wi-Fi 간의오프로딩환경만을고려하기로한다. Fig. 1. Wireless communication networks for subway Fig. 2는사용자가 LTE와 Wi-Fi망을사용하여인터넷에접속하는구성을보여준다. 사용자는하나의휴대장치로 LTE망또는 Wi-Fi망을통해인터넷에접속할수있고, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 로부터 IP를할당받아 AP를거쳐직접인터넷에접속하는것도가능하다. 논문에서는 LTE망과 Wi-Fi망간의오프로딩시 Wi-Fi 망접속지연영향에대한것으로 AP를통한인터넷접속은고려하지않고 P-GW (Packet data network Gateway) 를통해인터넷에접속할때사용자증가가 Wi-Fi망접속지연에미치는영향을중심으로검토한다. 사용자는 Wi-Fi망에접속시 LTE망과마찬가지로 P-GW를통해고유의 IP를할당받아인터넷에접속 3456
3 한다. 이때접속된망은보안수준에따라 Trust 또는 Untrust 망접속으로분류되며, 지하철역이나공공장소에설치된다수의 Wi-Fi망은보안수준이낮은 Untrust망접속인경우가많다. UE와 enb간통신이표준화된보안절차에따라무선구간보안이이뤄지는반면 3GPP에서는 STA와 AP간에는무선구간보안이안되어있다고가정하며, Wi-Fi망의 STA에서 epdg (enhanced Packet Data Gateway) 구간은 IPsec 보안을제공할수있다. DCF를수행할때문제점은사용자가증가할수록매체접근제어 (Medium Access Control, MAC) 지연이증가하는것이다 [4]. 따라서전동차가역사에도착하거나출, 퇴근시간의승객이혼잡한상황에서동시에여러사용자가무선접속을시도하는환경에서는 Wi-Fi망으로의데이터패킷송수신에지연이증가하고망진입절차도수행할수없게되어많은사용자가 Wi-Fi망을사용할수없는상황이발생할수있다. 3. Wi-Fi 접속지연모델링 3.1 수학적모델링무선네트워크에서전송한패킷이충돌할확률은다음식 (1) 과같이나타낼수있다 [7]. (1) 여기서, 는전송을시도할확률이다. 충돌이발생하여데이터를재전송할경우 Random Backoff 방식에의해소요되는시간은다음식 (2) 와같이확률변수로나타낼수있다. Fig. 2. LTE and Wi-Fi Interworking Wi-Fi망에서사용자단말 STA는 CSMA/CA 프로토콜을사용해데이터를전송한다. STA가데이터를전송하기위해서는무선매체를센싱하여무선매체가사용중인지여부를판단하고사용중이아닐경우 DIFS(Distributed Inter-frame Spacing) 시간동안대기후데이터를전송한다. 만약다른 STA가매체를사용중이라면 DIFS 시간후에임의 Random Backoff라는지연을한후다른 STA의데이터전송이없는경우에데이터를전송한다. Random Backoff에사용하는경쟁윈도우 (Contention Window: CW) 는초기 CWmin 값을가지고매충돌시마다 2배로증가하여최대 CWmax까지증가시킨다. STA는매체를점유하여데이터를전송할수있을때까지최대재전송회수 K까지 CWmax를사용할수있다. 이처럼 STA들은경쟁을통해데이터전송을위한매체점유를획득하는분산경쟁방식인 DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) 를사용한다. (2) 여기서, 는 uniform 분포를의미하며, K는최대재전송회수이다. 평균 Back-off 시간은 uniform 분포의평균치로부터다음식 (3) 과같이구해진다. (3) 식 (3) 으로부터전송을시도할확률 은다음식 (4) 와같이유도된다 [8]. 여기서, 는정상적인상태에서 번째 Backoff 상태에들어갈상대빈도수로서다음식 (5) 와같이구해진다. (4) 3457
4 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 5 호, 2015 (5) 식 (1) 과식 (4) 로부터패킷의충돌확률 를구할수있다. 데이터전송을위한매체점유를경쟁하는방식인 DCF 환경에서 MAC메시지 1개를전송하는데걸리는시간을확률변수로나타낼수있다. 이확률변수를 D라할때, 이는 CSMA/CA의경쟁을통해채널을확보하기위해걸린시간과패킷전송에걸리는시간을더한시간이된다. 채널을확보하기위해걸린시간은 DIFS 시간과 random backoff 시간을더한시간이고, 패킷전송에걸린시간은 Wi-Fi망의전송률과전송하는제어메시지의길이에따라결정된다. 또한, 확률변수 D는충돌에의한전송실패에소요되는시간과 backoff에소요되는시간그리고다른단말들이경쟁에성공했을때다른단말들의패킷전송에걸리는시간을더한시간에의해결정된다. D는주로경쟁에서실패하여재전송을시도한회수에의존적이되며, 전송이성공할때까지 번재전송을시도한것은전체전송할수있는회수가 K회로제한되어있으므로이에대한조건부분포가되어 truncated geometric 분포를따르게된다. 따라서, 번재전송할확률 은식 (1) 의충돌확률을이용하면다음식 (6) 과같이나타낼수있다. (6) MAC 메시지전송지연 D는충돌이발생하는다음식 (7) 과같은하위상태들로나눌수있다. (7) 여기서, D(t) 는 번째시도까지걸린시간을나타내는확률변수로서다음식 (8) 과같다. (8) 여기서, 는 backoff 에소요된시간으로서다음식 (9) 와같이표현할수있다. (9) 이상으로부터 MAC 메시지전송지연의평균값은다음식 (10) 과같이구할수있으며, 사용자증가에따른충돌확률및 MAC 접속지연분석에사용할수있다. 여기서, 이다. 3.2 시뮬레이션 (10) 수학적모델링결과를이용하여충돌확률과 MAC 접속지연을실험하기위해서가장널리설치되어운용중인 IEEE n 5GHz 기반의파라메터들을적용하여분석하였다. Table 1은성능분석에사용한파라메터들을정리해놓은것이다. Table 1. Wi-Fi Parameters used in simulation Parameter Slot time Value 9 DIFS 34 SIFS 16 CW X Slot time Backoff Time CWmin 15 CWmax 1023 Data Rate (MCS 0: BPSK, 1/2) 6.5Mbps Management Frame MAC overhead (MAC header + FCS) 224 bits ACK packet 112 bits Preamble Length (SISO case) (Short Training Field + Long Training Field1 + SIG(signal) +Long bits Training Field2 + Serfice field Doubling limit (m) 498 Maximum Retry limit (K) m+10 시뮬레이션결과를 Fig. 3 에보인다. 사용자단말개수가증가함에따라전송한패킷의충돌확률과그에따른 MAC 접속지연시간도증가하는것을알수있다. 이러한현상은경쟁윈도우 (CW) 의초기값인 CWmin을변경하면다소완화시킬수있다. 표준에서정의한 3458
5 CWmin은 15이나, 사용자가많아지는환경에서는이를크게증가시키면모든단말이 Backoff 초기에대기하는시간을길게함으로써시도하는단말의개수가줄게되어충돌확률을감소시킬수있다. 이렇게 CWmin값을변경하는것도혼잡상황에서망진입지연을줄일수있는한방법으로사용할수있으나, 이는표준에서정한기본적인 CWmin값을변경해야하는단점이있어실제적용에어려움이있다. Collision Probability MAC Access Delay (Sec) Number of Stations (a) CWmin=15 CWmin=30 CWmin=60 CWmin= Number of Stations CWmin=15 CWmin=30 CWmin=60 CWmin=80 (b) Fig. 3. Collision probability and MAC access delay with various CWmin values (a) Collision probability (b) MAC access delay 4. 지하철구간의통신성능측정 실제지하철운행구간에서전동차에탑승후측정툴을사용하여 LTE 및 Wi-Fi의성능을측정하고역사내승강장과대합실에서접속지연시간을측정하여사용자 수변화에따른성능변화를분석하였다. 지하철구간의성능분석을위한측정은서울지하철 5호선여의도역 (526) 에서을지로5가역 (535) 까지 10개정거장구간에서이뤄졌다. 또한, 여의도역승강장과대합실에서전동차에서승객들이내릴때와평상시를기준으로 AP의신호세기를측정하고 Wi-Fi 망성능에미치는영향을분석하였다. Table 2는측정툴을이용하여 LTE와 Wi-Fi 서비스속도를수차례에걸쳐반복측정한평균치이다. LTE의경우 Wi-Fi에비해 4배가량뛰어난성능을나타냈으나 Wi-Fi의경우 Wibro 기지국의대역폭인 25Mbps에휠씬못미치는성능을나타냈다. 지하철구간이아닌일반적인환경, 즉 AP가 Wibro 망이아닌 LTE망에직접접속하는경우라면 Wi-Fi망의성능이측정치보다나을것으로예상된다. 또한, Wi-Fi 망의경우이동하는과정중핸드오버실패로보이는호단절현상이발생하였으며이용자가많은역사에서는 LTE와 Wi-Fi 모두전체적인성능저하가발생하였다. 즉, LTE와 Wi-Fi망의성능은지하철의혼잡도와밀접한관계가있으며혼잡도가높아질수록성능이저하되는것으로나타났다. 특히 Wi-Fi의경우데이터를송수신하지않더라도새로운 AP에자동으로망접속절차를수행하게되어더큰폭의성능저하가발생하는것으로나타났다. Table 2. Measurement of LTE and Wi-Fi network performance in train (Mbps) LTE DL LTE UL Wi-Fi DL Wi-Fi UL tunnel tunnel tunnel tunnel tunnel 터널 tunnel tunnel tunnel
6 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 5 호, 2015 Table 3. Measurement results of LTE performance in train measurement list value Total measuring repetition 30 times Net consumption of data 1112MB 38.5Mbps (4.82MB/s) 13.8Mbps (1.73MB/s) Average access delay time 37.8ms Average access delay time 0.00% 56.8Mbps (7.32MB/s) 19.6Mbps (2.45MB/s) 20.5Mbps (2.75MB/s) 9.16Mbps (1.14MB/s) maximum access delay time 53.7ms Minimum access delay time 33.0ms maximum loss factor 0.00% Minimum loss factor 0.00% Table 4. Measurement results of Wi-Fi performance in train lmeasurement list value Total measuring repetition 30 times Net consumption of data 664MB 19.2Mbps (2.40MB/s) 16.2Mbps (2.03MB/s) Average access delay time 56.9ms Average loss factor 3.47% 75.0Mbps (9.37MB/s) 0.06Mbps (0.01MB/s) 60.0Mbps(7.50MB/s) 0.90Mbps (0.11MB/s) maximum access delay time 690ms Minimum access delay time 2.75ms maximum loss factor 51.0% Minimum loss factor 0.00% 려운상황이발생하였다. 또한, 데이터전송속도는전체적으로선로구간에서는 LTE가 Wibro에접속되는 Wi-Fi 에비해 4배정도나은성능을보였으나 Wibro를거치지않는대합실등에서사용자의증감이크지않을경우에는 LTE와 Wi-Fi 모두뛰어난성능을보였다. 이는일반적인무선인터넷사용환경이 LTE의경우사용자가증가하더라도사용자에게일정수준의서비스를제공하는것이가능한반면, Wi-Fi의경우사용자가급증할경우사용환경이급격히열화되어정상적인무선인터넷사용이어려워지는것을의미한다. Fig. 4는승강장과대합실에서 AP의신호강도를측정한예시이다. 사용자의위치에따라신호강도의변화가크게나타났으며, 이에따라무선데이터송수신성능에도영향을미치는것으로분석되었다. 이는지하철구간에조밀하게설치된 AP 간에핸드오버가원활하게이뤄지지않을경우효율적인오프로딩을수행하기어려운장애요소로작용할수있음을의미한다. Fig. 4. Measurement of Wi-Fi AP signal strength at station 3장에서의수학적모델링을기반으로한시뮬레이션과마찬가지로실제지하철환경에서도사용자가급격히증가할경우 Wi-Fi 접속지연도급격히증가하여정상적인접속이어려움을알수있다. Table 3와 Table 4는 LTE와 Wi-Fi망의인터넷전송성능을반복측정한결과이다. LTE의경우 Wi-Fi에비해전체적인지연시간이다소짧게측정되었으며, 지연시간도 33ms ~ 54ms 사이에서변화가크지않았고패킷손실도발생하지않았다. 반면, Wi-Fi의경우측정장소및시간에따라지연시간이 2.75ms에서 690ms까지변화가크게나타났으며, 지연시간이길어질경우패킷손실율이 50% 를넘어서원활한무선인터넷사용이어 5. 결론지하철구간에서현재서비스중인무선통신망을분석하고사용자증가에따른망접속지연영향을분석하였다. 분석결과 LTE와 Wi-Fi간오프로딩을통해효율적인무선데이터통신환경을제공하는것이현재의구성에서는제한이따르는것으로나타났다. 이러한결과는 3460
7 지하철구간에서사용자급증시망접속지연시간이증가하여정상적인 Wi-Fi 접속이어렵고패킷손실율이급증하는것이주요원인이며, 열차이동중에핸드오버실패가발생할수있는것도원인이되고있다. 이상과같은문제를해결하기위해서는, 무선망에의접속을분산시켜충돌을완화시키는분산접속프로토콜의적용을비롯하여, LTE 망의부하를 Wi-Fi망에적정하게배분하는방안및 Wi-Fi망에서의이동성을보장할수있는핸드오버알고리즘적용등을추가적으로연구할필요가있다. 본연구의결과는기간통신사업자들의경제적인망구축및정부에서도입을추진하고있는 LTE-R 구축시에도참고자료로활용이가능할것이다. 정보통신정책연구원 (KISDI) 의분석에의하면 700Mhz 대역으로국내 LTE-R 을구축할때, 센터만이중화할경우구축비가 5000억원에이르고, 전체망을이중화할경우구축비가 1조원을넘어서는것으로분석하였다. 추가연구를통해오프로딩을활용하여 LTE-R과상용 LTE를연계한다면투자비용을절감할수있을것으로기대한다. References [1] Mandoc, D., LTE/SAE-The Future Railway Mobile Radio System: Long-Term Vision on Railway Mobile Radio Technologies, Technical Report. UIC, November, [2] Barbu, G., E-Train, Broadband Communications With Moving Trains, Technical Report. UIC, June, [3] GPP TR (2013), Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) - 3GPP radio interworking, V12.0.0, Dec [4] T. Sakurai, and H. L. Vu (2007), MAC Access Delay of IEEE DCF, Wireless Commun., vol. 6, pp , DOI: [5] SC. Koh, KH. Choi, RY. Kim(2014), A Distributed Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) Access Scheme for Efficient WLAN Communication in Busy Train Stations, Journal of the Korean Society for Railway, 17(6), pp DOI: [6] H. Wu, Y. Peng, K. Long, S. Cheng, and J. Ma (2002), Performance of reliable transport protocol over IEEE wireless LAN: analysis and enhancement, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 2002, pp [7] G. Bianchi (2000), Performance analysis of the IEEE distributed coordination function, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 18, pp , DOI: [8] B.-J. Kwak, N.-O. Song, and L. E. Miller (2005), Performance analysis of exponential backoff, IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 13, pp , DOI: [9] A. Kumar, E. Altman, D. Miorandi, and M. Goyal (2005), New insights from a fixed point analysis of single cell IEEE WLANs, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 2005, pp DOI: [10] T. Sakurai, and H. L. Vu (2007), MAC access delay of IEEE DCF, Wireless Commun., vol. 6, pp DOI: 고승천 (Seoung-chon Koh) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 유무선정보통신, 정보보안 2000 년 2 월 : 순천대하교대학원정보통신공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2012 년 8 월 : 서울과학기술대철도전문대학원철도시스템학과박사과정수료 2005 년 5 월 ~ 현재 : ( 주 )LG CNS 부장 최규형 (Kyu-Hyoung Choi) [ 정회원 ] < 관심분야 > 철도정보통신, 철도신호제어 1989 년 3 월 : 무로란공업대학교대학원전기공학과 ( 공학석사 ) 1992 년 3 월 : 홋까이도대학교대학원전기공학과 ( 공학박사 ) 1996 년 8 월 ~ 2005 년 2 월 : 한국철도기술연구원수석연구원 2005 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 서울과학기술대학교철도전기신호공학과교수 3461
°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â
Performance Optimization of SCTP in Wireless Internet Environments The existing works on Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) was focused on the fixed network environment. However, the number of
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design
More information04 최진규.hwp
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Aug.; 26(8), 710717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.8.710 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) RF ESPAR
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
논문 10-35-03-03 한국통신학회논문지 '10-03 Vol. 35 No. 3 원활한 채널 변경을 지원하는 효율적인 IPTV 채널 관리 알고리즘 준회원 주 현 철*, 정회원 송 황 준* Effective IPTV Channel Control Algorithm Supporting Smooth Channel Zapping HyunChul Joo* Associate
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method
More information<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Feb.; 29(2), 93 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.2.93 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) UHF-HF
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis
More information<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D2032303133303330385FB1E2BCFAB5BFC7E2BAD0BCAE2DB8F0B9D9C0CF20B3D7C6AEBFF6C5A92DC3D6BFCF2E646F6378>
2013-03-08 모바일 네트워크 기술 동향 모바일 네트워크의 개념과 기본적인 배경 지식에 대해 소개하고, 최근 업계 동향을 살펴봄 목차 1. 모바일 네트워크 개요...2 2. 3G 네트워크 기술 소개...4 3. LTE-A 최신 동향...7 최완, wanne@etri.re.kr ETRI 차세대콘텐츠연구소 콘텐츠서비스연구실 ETRI 차세대콘텐츠연구소 콘텐츠서비스연구실
More informationuntitled
+ T (1) T (1) T (0) T (1) T (0) T (0) T (1) 1 2 3 4 13 14 15 Data In + Data Out 1 T (1) 4 2 (exclusive OR) : + Media Access Protocol Cycle(240ms) Even Frame (120ms) Odd Frame (120ms) M V Voice M V Voice
More informationMicrosoft PowerPoint ppt
Wireless LAN 최양희서울대학교컴퓨터공학부 Radio-Based Wireless LANs Most widely used method Adv: penetrating walls and other obstacles with little attenuation. Disadv: security, interference, etc. 3 approaches: ISM
More information¼º¿øÁø Ãâ·Â-1
Bandwidth Efficiency Analysis for Cooperative Transmission Methods of Downlink Signals using Distributed Antennas In this paper, the performance of cooperative transmission methods for downlink transmission
More information09È«¼®¿µ5~152s
Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 276), 504511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.504 ISSN 1226-3133 Print)ISSN 2288-226X Online) Near-Field
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 링크 품질에 기반한 라우팅에 대한 효과적인 싱크홀 공격 탐지 기법 901 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 링크 품질에 기반한 라우팅에 대한 효과적인 싱크홀 공격 탐지 기법 (A Effective Sinkhole Attack Detection Mechanism for LQI based Routing in WSN) 최병구 조응준 (Byung
More information인문사회과학기술융합학회
Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., -
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Jun.; 29(6), 457463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.6.457 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Sigma-Delta
More information통신서비스품질평가보고서 2017 Evaluation Report for the Quality of Communication Services
www.nia.or.kr 2017 통신서비스품질평가보고서 2017 Evaluation Report for the Quality of Communication Services www.nia.or.kr 2017 통신서비스품질평가보고서 2017 Evaluation Report for the Quality of Communication Services www.nia.or.kr
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 25(3),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2014 Mar.; 25(3), 304310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2014.25.3.304 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis
More information07김동회_ok.hwp
(Regular Paper) 19 4, 2014 7 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 4, July 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.4.510 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) IEEE 802.11n WLAN A-MPDU a), a) Block Ack-based Dynamic
More information½Éº´È¿ Ãâ·Â
Standard and Technology of Full-Dimension MINO Systems in LTE-Advances Pro Massive MIMO has been studied in academia foreseeing the capacity crunch in the coming years. Presently, industry has also started
More information(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228
(JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method
More information2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Security Surveillance Ubiquitous Infra Internet Infra Telematics Security Surveillance Telematics Internet Infra Solutions Camera Site (NETWORK) Monitoring & Control
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
논문 10-35-08-15 한국통신학회논문지 '10-08 Vol.35 No. 8 건설생산성 향상을 위한 건설현장 내 RFID 네트워크 시스템 적용 방안 준회원 김 신 구*, 정회원 이 충 희*, 이 성 형*, 종신회원 김 재 현* Method of RFID Network System Application for Improving of Construction
More information09권오설_ok.hwp
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction
More information12권2호내지합침
14 OPTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY April 2008 15 16 OPTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY April 2008 17 18 OPTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY April 2008 19 20 OPTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY April 2008 21 22 OPTICAL
More information±è¼ºÃ¶ Ãâ·Â-1
Localization Algorithms Using Wireless Communication Systems For efficient Localization Based Services, development of accurate localization algorithm has to be preceded. In this paper, research trend
More information1.LAN의 특징과 각종 방식
0 Chapter 1. LAN I. LAN 1. - - - - Switching - 2. LAN - (Topology) - (Cable) - - 2.1 1) / LAN - - (point to point) 2) LAN - 3) LAN - 2.2 1) Bound - - (Twisted Pair) - (Coaxial cable) - (Fiber Optics) 1
More information, V2N(Vehicle to Nomadic Device) [3]., [4],[5]., V2V(Vehicle to Vehicle) V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure) IEEE 82.11p WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicula
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 215 Jul.; 26(7), 66 612. http://dx.doi.org/1.5515/kjkiees.215.26.7.66 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Dual-Band
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)
More information<313430333033C6AFC1FD28C3E0B1B8292E687770>
스포츠와 물리학: 구기운동 안티-싸커 와 간접-축구 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.23.005 이 인 호 Anti-soccer and Indirect Soccer 편성은 없다고 장담한다. 벨기에(FIFA 랭킹 11위), 러시아 (FIFA 랭킹 22위), 알제리(FIFA 랭킹 26위), 그리고 한국(FIFA 랭킹 61위)으로 이어지는 H조 편성 결과이다. 이
More information歯I-3_무선통신기반차세대망-조동호.PDF
KAIST 00-03-03 / #1 1. NGN 2. NGN 3. NGN 4. 5. 00-03-03 / #2 1. NGN 00-03-03 / #3 1.1 NGN, packet,, IP 00-03-03 / #4 Now: separate networks for separate services Low transmission delay Consistent availability
More information이도경, 최덕재 Dokyeong Lee, Deokjai Choi 1. 서론
이도경, 최덕재 Dokyeong Lee, Deokjai Choi 1. 서론 2. 관련연구 2.1 MQTT 프로토콜 Fig. 1. Topic-based Publish/Subscribe Communication Model. Table 1. Delivery and Guarantee by MQTT QoS Level 2.1 MQTT-SN 프로토콜 Fig. 2. MQTT-SN
More information???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
More information29 Ⅰ. 서론 물리학자들이 전파의 이론을 정립한 이후, 이를 기술적으로 실현함은 물론 적정 수준의 19세기 물리학자인 페러데이, 맥스웰, 헤르츠 등의 연구 결과로 인류는 전기장과 자기장의 변화 에 따른 전파를 만들어 낼 수 있게 되었고, 인류에 게 있어 없어서는 안되
Journal of Communications & Radio Spectrum SPECIAL ISSUE 28 TREND REPORT 통신 및 비통신용 전파응용 기술 이슈 및 시사점 글 황태욱 경희대학교 연구교수 (031) 201-3254, twhwang@khu.ac.kr 주제어: 밀리미터파, 테라헤르츠파, 전파응용 기술, ISM 기기 전파자원의 부족문제에 대한
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More information08김현휘_ok.hwp
(Regular Paper) 21 3, 2016 5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2016.21.3.369 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) An Audio Coding Technique Employing the Inter-channel
More information<333820B1E8C8AFBFEB2D5A6967626565B8A620C0CCBFEBC7D120BDC7BFDC20C0A7C4A1C3DFC1A42E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 1 pp. 306-310, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.1.306 Zigbee를 이용한 실외 위치추정 시스템 구현 김환용 1*, 임순자 1 1 원광대학교 전자공학과 Implementation
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 26(3),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 215 Mar.; 26(3), 248 256. http://dx.doi.org/1.5515/kjkiees.215.26.3.248 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Metal
More informationI
I II III (C B ) (C L ) (HL) Min c ij x ij f i y i i H j H i H s.t. y i 1, k K, i W k C B C L p (HL) x ij y i, i H, k K i, j W k x ij y i {0,1}, i, j H. K W k k H K i i f i i d ij i j r ij i j c ij r ij
More information03 장태헌.hwp
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2013 Aug.; 24(8), 772 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2013.24.8.772 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) HEMP
More informationTTA Verified : HomeGateway :, : (NEtwork Testing Team)
TTA Verified : HomeGateway :, : (NEtwork Testing Team) : TTA-V-N-05-006-CC11 TTA Verified :2006 6 27 : 01 : 2005 7 18 : 2/15 00 01 2005 7 18 2006 6 27 6 7 9 Ethernet (VLAN, QoS, FTP ) (, ) : TTA-V-N-05-006-CC11
More information14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
More information<313120C0AFC0FCC0DA5FBECBB0EDB8AEC1F2C0BB5FC0CCBFEBC7D15FB1E8C0BAC5C25FBCF6C1A42E687770>
한국지능시스템학회 논문지 2010, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 375-379 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 강인한 Support vector machine 설계 Design of Robust Support Vector Machine Using Genetic Algorithm 이희성 홍성준 이병윤 김은태 * Heesung Lee, Sungjun Hong,
More information1ºÎ
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 X1 TTC Comm MPMHAPT TTCouncil AIC PHS ARIB MoU CIAJ MITF MMAC INSTAC JEIDA OITDA JISC GMM CG APT ASTAP Trade Associations EP TC 1
More information10(3)-09.fm
w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½
More informationMicrosoft Word - KSR2013A320
k ƒ! YWXZ º º t rzyywxzhzyw k ep k Dynamic Behavior of Bridge considering Various Light Weight Rail Vehicles Õ äø ÐãäÕò ãã Sang-Su Kim, Yong-ul Park *, Man-Cheol Kim ** Abstract The purpose of this paper
More information8-VSB (Vestigial Sideband Modulation)., (Carrier Phase Offset, CPO) (Timing Frequency Offset),. VSB, 8-PAM(pulse amplitude modulation,, ) DC 1.25V, [2
VSB a), a) An Alternative Carrier Phase Independent Symbol Timing Offset Estimation Methods for VSB Receivers Sung Soo Shin a) and Joon Tae Kim a) VSB. VSB.,,., VSB,. Abstract In this paper, we propose
More information<303320C0CCBCBAB7CE4B494353323031342D30352D3136315F28C3D6C1BEB1B3C1A4292E687770>
논문 14-39C-09-03 The Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society '14-09 Vol.39C No.09 http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.14.39c.9.774 어업통신을 위한 운용주파수의 경제적 가치 평가 최 조 천, 김 건 웅 *, 김 정 년 **, 이 성 로 Valuation
More information그림 2. 5G 연구 단체 현황 앞으로 다가올 미래에는 고품질 멀 티미디어 서비스의 본격화, IoT 서 비스 확산 등의 변화로 인해 기하 급수적인 무선 데이터 트래픽 발생 및 스마트 기기가 폭발적으로 증대 할 것으로 예상된다 앞으로 다가올 미래에는 고품질 멀티미디어 서
이동통신기술 5G 이동통신기술 발전방향 새롭게 펼쳐질 미래의 이동통신 세상, 무엇이 달라지는가? 김문홍, 박종한, 나민수, 조성호 SK Telecom 5G Tech Lab 요 약 본고에서는 다가올 미래 5G 이동 통신의 기술 동향, 핵심 기술 및 네트워크 구조변화에 대해서 알아본다. Ⅰ. 서 론 46 과거 2G부터 3G까지의 이동통신은 음성 위주의 서비스 및
More information<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770>
양성자가속기연구센터 양성자가속기 개발 및 운영현황 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.25.001 권혁중 김한성 Development and Operational Status of the Proton Linear Accelerator at the KOMAC Hyeok-Jung KWON and Han-Sung KIM A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 26(12),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Dec.; 26(12), 1044 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.12.1044 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)
More information1장. 유닉스 시스템 프로그래밍 개요
13 장. 무선 LAN 과 IEEE 802.11 프로토콜 13-2 무선 LAN 의전송기술 1 IEEE 802. 11 물리계층 (1) IEEE 802.11 물리계층은각비트를신호로변환하는것에대한명세를정의 적외선주파수에대한명세와무선주파수에대한명세로구분 IEEE 802.11 의물리계층구분 802.11 FHSS, 802.11 DSSS, 802.11a OFDM, 802.11b
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
박건수 *, 서태영 **, 김종욱 *** ". 요약 Abstract The induction melting furnace using electric generator has been introduced since 1920s, and it began to be widely applied to industrial applications due to increasing
More information7782 WI-FI AP (5GHz/2.4GHz) RF 6dB / 15dB 4bB, af/at PoE(Power over Ethernet) 802.3af/at VAC GPS,, 2~4 IP 900Mbps (450Mbps/ ) 32 BSSID, QoS ** Q
Wi-Fi 802.11n Wi-Fi 3x3:3 MIMO(N 2x2:2). 3G, Wi-Fi. ChannelFly RF,. AC,. IP-67. Wi-Fi ZoneDirector, SCG 200 FlexMaster Wi-Fi AP. SCG 200 ZoneFlex 7782. Wi-Fi BeamFlex+ 6dB 15dB AP 500. PD-MRC( - ) PD-MRC
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE May; 27(5),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 May; 27(5), 454462. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.5.454 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Research
More informationuntitled
Cable Modem 2004.10 sgkwon@empal.com 1.... 1 2. CABLE MODEM?... 2 2.1.... 2 2.2. /... 3 2.3.... 4 3.... 5 3.1.... 5 3.1.1. TV, 2009 4 3... 5 3.1.2. TV Broadband... 5 3.1.3. NGNA... 6 3.2.... 7 3.2.1. TV
More information1217 WebTrafMon II
(1/28) (2/28) (10 Mbps ) Video, Audio. (3/28) 10 ~ 15 ( : telnet, ftp ),, (4/28) UDP/TCP (5/28) centralized environment packet header information analysis network traffic data, capture presentation network
More information디지털포렌식학회 논문양식
ISSN : 1976-5304 http://www.kdfs.or.kr Virtual Online Game(VOG) 환경에서의 디지털 증거수집 방법 연구 이 흥 복, 정 관 모, 김 선 영 * 대전지방경찰청 Evidence Collection Process According to the Way VOG Configuration Heung-Bok Lee, Kwan-Mo
More information<313920C0CCB1E2BFF82E687770>
韓 國 電 磁 波 學 會 論 文 誌 第 19 卷 第 8 號 2008 年 8 月 論 文 2008-19-8-19 K 대역 브릭형 능동 송수신 모듈의 설계 및 제작 A Design and Fabrication of the Brick Transmit/Receive Module for K Band 이 기 원 문 주 영 윤 상 원 Ki-Won Lee Ju-Young Moon
More information878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
More informationKorea Radio Promotion Agency
Korea Radio Promotion Agency Special Issue 2 Journal of Radio Spectrum & Communications 2009 August Vol. 16 3 Special Issue 4 Journal of Radio Spectrum & Communications 2009 August Vol. 16 5 Special Issue
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 28(2),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Feb.; 28(2), 129138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.2.129 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PT- Doppler
More informationÁ¦4Àå-Á¦2ÀýÀÌÅë±â±â.hwp
2G 2.5G 3G Mobile Radio Telephony * Limited number of channels Analog Cellular Mobitex ETC * Data transmission circuit or packet switched * Non-continuous * Moderate capacity coverage * National coverage
More information<B8F1C2F72E687770>
Transactions of the KSNVE, 23(12) : 1056~1065, 2013 23 12, pp. 1056~1065, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5050/ksnve.2013.23.12.1056 ISSN 1598-2785(Print), ISSN 2287-5476(Online) A Study on the Improvement Plan
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 30(3),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Mar.; 30(3), 223 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.3.223 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 26(12),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Dec.; 26(12), 1100 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.12.1100 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)
More information03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
More informationMicrosoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc
YWXY G ºG ºG t G G GGGGGGGGGrzyYWXYhWYXG Ÿƒ Ÿ ± k ¹Ÿˆ Review about the pantograph field test result adapted for HEMU-430X (1) ÕÕÛ äñ ã G Ki-Nam Kim, Tae-Hwan Ko * Abstract In this paper, explain differences
More information04-다시_고속철도61~80p
Approach for Value Improvement to Increase High-speed Railway Speed An effective way to develop a highly competitive system is to create a new market place that can create new values. Creating tools and
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More informationRRH Class-J 5G [2].,. LTE 3G [3]. RRH, W-CDMA(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), 3G, LTE. RRH RF, RF. 1 RRH, CPRI(Common Public Radio Interface)
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Mar.; 26(3), 276 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.3.276 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) RRH
More information5-서영주KICS2013-03-151.hwp
논문 13-38C-09-05 한국통신학회논문지 '13-09 Vol.38C No.09 http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2013.38c.9.764 LTE 펨토셀 네트워크를 위한 적응적 주기의 MLB 알고리즘 김 우 중, 이 정 윤 *, 서 영 주 Adaptive Periodic MLB Algorithm for LTE Femtocell Networks
More informationuntitled
(Rev. 1.6) 1 1. MagicLAN.......8 1.1............8 1.2........8 1.3 MagicLAN.......10 2.........12 2.1.... 12 2.2 12 2.3....12 3. Windows 98SE/ME/2000/XP......13 3.1.....13 3.2 Windows 98SE.... 13 3.3 Windows
More informationMicrosoft Word - KSR2015S030
2015 년도한국철도학회춘계학술대회논문집 KSR2015S030 고속철도를위한 LTE 무선통신에서도플러효과분석 Analysis of Doppler Effect on LTE Wireless Communication for High-Speed Railway 최진규 *, 조한벽 *, 오현서 *, 유일선 **, 유흥균 *** Jin-Kyu Choi *, Hanbyeog
More information湖北移动宽带接入市场研究前期评述报告
2006 중국 무선 브로드밴드 시장 현황 및 전망 분석 보고서 2006 년 9 월 정책연구 06-06 2006 중국 무선브로드밴드 시장 현황 및 전망 분석 보고서 연구책임자 노재천 (ipark 북경 소장) 연구수행자 Wang Hai Xin (ipark 북경 마케팅매니저) 연구수행자 Ye Jian Feng (Analysys International) 본문 목차
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words
More information1. KT 올레스퀘어 미디어파사드 콘텐츠 개발.hwp
Journal of Next-generation Convergence Information Services Technology Vol.4, No.1, June (2015), pp. 1-8 차세대컨버전스정보서비스기술논문지 KT 올레스퀘어 미디어파사드 콘텐츠 개발 Media Fasade Contents Development of KT Olleh Square 김동조
More information04 김영규.hwp
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 214 Nov.; 25(11), 1121 1127. http://dx.doi.org/1.5515/kjkiees.214.25.11.1121 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Planar
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jan.; 26(1),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Jan.; 26(1), 113118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.1.113 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) A Retro-Directive
More informationMicrosoft Word - KSR2016S011
2016 년도한국철도학회춘계학술대회논문집 KSR2016S011 차축카운터시스템무선통신망의통신부하및처리지연분석 Communication delay and processing load of the axle counter system, a wireless communication network analysis 여인창 *, 김용호 * In-Chang Yeo *, Yong-Ho
More information슬라이드 제목 없음
(JTC1/SC6) sjkoh@knu.ac.kr JTC1 JTC1/SC6/WG7 ECTP/RMCP/MMC (JTC1/SC6) 2/48 JTC1 ISO/IEC JTC1 Joint Technical Committee 1 ( ) ISO/TC 97 ( ) IEC/TC 83 ( ) Information Technology (IT) http://www.jtc1.org
More informationÁ¶Áø¼º Ãâ·Â-1
FMC Service Case Analysis: UMA and Femtocell In this paper, we explain UMA(Unlicensed Mobile Alliance) and Femtocell as a key driving factor for FMC(Fixed Mobile Convergence) and QPS(Quadruple Play Service).
More information433대지05박창용
Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More information<3230303520BBEABEF7B5BFC7E228C3D6C1BE292E687770>
2 1) 1. 5 2. 6 2.1 6 2.2 7 2.3 13 2.4 16 2.5 19 2.6 25 2.7 28 3. 32 3.1 33 3.2 42 46 1.,,,. 2004 13 4,841 0.6%. 2004,,. *, (02) 570 4491, sky@kisdi.re.kr( : ) * *, (02) 570 4164, milip@kisdi.re.kr( :,
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jul.; 27(7), 625634. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.7.625 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Near-Field
More information04 박영주.hwp
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 216 Mar.; 27(3), 253 26. http://dx.doi.org/1.5515/kjkiees.216.27.3.253 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) LPDA Design
More information` Companies need to play various roles as the network of supply chain gradually expands. Companies are required to form a supply chain with outsourcing or partnerships since a company can not
More information() Aloha Netowrk ether(,, )network Ehternet, DEC, ( DIX(DEC, Intel, Xerox) IEEE(, ) 5 9,, (Xerox) (Bob Metcalfe), (, ) A
1 2 3 4 1960 1973 () Aloha Netowrk ether(,, )network Ehternet, DEC, ( DIX(DEC, Intel, Xerox) IEEE(, http://wwwieeeorg/, ) 5 9,, (Xerox) (Bob Metcalfe), (, ) Aloha Network 1960 / IEEE CSMA/CD IEEE () 30
More informationSLA QoS
SLA QoS 2002. 12. 13 Email: really97@postech.ac.kr QoS QoS SLA POS-SLMS (-Service Level Monitoring System) SLA (Service Level Agreement) SLA SLA TM Forum SLA QoS QoS SLA SLA QoS QoS SLA POS-SLMS ( Service
More informationMicrosoft Word - KSR2012A038.doc
YWXY º º t rzyywxyhwz_ º zƒ A Study on the Relation of Railroad System and Energy Saving ö ä ø ã ä ãã In Moon, Han-Min Lee *, Jong-Eun Ha * * Abstract Now the world, such as the impact of fossil energy
More information<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>
김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May
More information歯A1.1함진호.ppt
The Overall Architecture of Optical Internet ETRI ? ? Payload Header Header Recognition Processing, and Generation A 1 setup 1 1 C B 2 2 2 Delay line Synchronizer New Header D - : 20Km/sec, 1µsec200 A
More information