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1 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017) (Regular Paper) 22 2, (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017) ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) a), a), a), b), b) Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired Inseon Jang a), ChungHyun Ahn a), Jeongil Seo a), Eun Ha Lee b), and Wan Sic Kang b).,,, ,. Abstract For people with physical or sensory limitations, broadcasting is the main means of information acquisition and leisure. Recently, changes in the media environment, such as convergence of broadcasting and communication, digital mobile conversion of broadcasting, and active media usage behavior of users, make broadcasting accessibility of the disabled difficult, and as a result, the information gap between the disabled and the non-disabled is increasing. A notice on broadcasting rights for the disabled was enacted in consequence of the amendment of the Broadcasting Law in July 2011 and the web accessibility guideline became more effective with the amendment of the National Informatization Act in 2013 so that legal basis for the right of media access for the disabled was established. However, media services for them are still lacking quantitatively and qualitatively. In this study, we describe the present status of the audio description service for the visually impaired, and analyze the results of the questionnaire survey on the usage status, satisfaction and improvement requirements of the audio description service for 100 visually impaired people. Keyword : Audio Description, Descriptive Video Service, Broadcasting for the disabled Copyright 2017 Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engineers. All rights reserved. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and not altered.

2 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired).., (OECD) OECD , 100.6% OECD 34 1, OECD 54.3% , a) (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Broadcasting & Media Research Laboratory Media Research Division) b) (Korea Blind Union) Corresponding Author : (Inseon Jang) jinsn@etri.re.kr Tel: ORCID: ( ) (B , ). Manuscript received December 12, 2016; Revised February 20, 2017; Accepted February 20, [1,2,3].,,... (Description Video Service),,., SAP (Second Audio Program) [4]. 2011, [5].. TV [6] PBS (Public Broadcasting System) 2001

3 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017) Broadcasting program selection DVS program production (script writing and recording) DVS transmission from broadcasters Production and distribution of SAP receivers Receiving DVS service of the visually impaired 1. Fig. 1. DVS production and consumption flow chart , [7].,, %, 5%, % %, 5%, 3% ,. [8]., 100.6% OECD 34 1, (20.5Mbps) (68%) [9] 1. Table 1. Target organization ratio of the broadcasting for the disabled Terrestrial Pay (Platform) Pay (Program Provider) Provider Target Provider Start Measure Mandatory Mandatory Announcement obligation Mandatory Announcement obligation Target of the final organization ratio (%) Subtitles DVS Sign language Center Accomplishment (DVS: ) Local Satellite (Direct operating channel) SO (Local channel) News General service PP General PP IPTV CP

4 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) 2. Table 2. Number of Internet users (unit: 10,000) Division Number of Internet users 37 1,904 3,301 3,701 4,008 4,112 4, % %, 4, ( 2 ) % 2.4%, 0.1% 24.5% ( 3 ).,, [10], 9.4%,, 58.7%, 2014 (59.1%) 0.4% ( 4 )., 59% ( ),, % 63.3%, 40% 3. Table 3. Internet usage rate and gap trend of the information alienated class (unit: usage rate(%), gap(%p)) Division Ordinary people Disabled Usage rate (gap) 34.8 (35.4) 41 (31.8) 46.6 (28.2) 49.9 (26.4) 51.8 (25.3) 52.7 (24.9) 53.5 (24.8) 54.4 (23.9) 55.5 (23.2) 56.7 (25.4) 59.1 (24.5) 4. -,,, Table 4. Internet access rate by gender, by type of disability, by educational background, by monthly household income (unit: %) Division Internet usage rate Division Internet usage rate All 67.0 Educational background Below middle school 57.1 Gender Male 70.2 High school graduate 80.2 Female 60.8 College degree or higher 91.9 Type of disability Physical disability 70.5 Monthly Less than 1 million won 41.1 Brain lesions 59.0 household Income 1~1.99 million won 60.9 visual disturbance ~2.99 million won 82.6 hearing impaired 62.6 More than 3 million won 91.4

5 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017) [11]., TTS (Text-to-Speech) 57.9%. (audio subtitles spoken subtitles). (inter-lingual caption). (voice-over)., Daum [12] PC TTS., ~60 1~4. 5, , 1 MAC (Media Access Center) [13], 2 ( ) Table 5. Research outline Recruitment method Division Population Sample size Level 1 Level 2 Investigation method Survey period Contents - Grades 1 to 4 blind people registered with the Ministry of Health and Welfare (as of the end of December 2014) people, excluding provinces - Utilizing a list of 200 people who have a large number of MAC site login - Inducing participation through notification of visually impaired communication network - Telephone survey (individual), survey (reply with questionnaire and video), face-to-face survey - Pre-investigation (sampling survey): 1 month - Conducting an investigation: 2 months (telephone and survey: 1 month, and face-to-face survey: 1 month)

6 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) 6. Table 6. Respondent characteristics Gender Age Blindness rating Degree of visual impairment Occurrence of visual impairment Job status Job Division Persons % Male Female s s s s Over st grade nd grade rd grade Blind (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) Before age 8 (Before entering elementary school) years old s s s s Have a job Inoccupation Housewife Student (including college students) Office work or management (management office work profession) Production or technical work (manufacturing, distribution, sales and so on) Self-employment Massage (health keeper) Massage (masseur) Etc Table 7. Questionnaire item composition Division Subject General information (8) Investigating requirements for improving accessibility of the visually impaired TV usage status (7) DVS user needs survey (10) TTS based DVS acceptance survey (9) Internet usage (6) Actual situation of watching videos over the Internet (8) Actual situation of watching foreign language video through internet (6) Contents Gender, ages, disability grade, degree of visual impairment, residence, when the fault occurred, job, etc. Whether you have TV, electronic appliances to watch TV programs, daily TV watching time, watching programs, viewing media, etc. DVS viewing device, average viewing time, viewing time zone, desired viewing time zone, viewing program, preferred program, service satisfaction, improvement point, etc. TTS use experience, synthetic voice based DVS listening, sample DVS comparison (TTS vs voice actor), synthesized voice supplementary point, improved synthetic voice based DVS viewing intention, etc. Average daily use time, purpose of internet use, media device when using the Internet, frequently used websites, etc. Viewing experience, type of viewing, viewing time, inconvenience, DVS video viewing experience, DVS video viewing intention, etc. Experience watching foreign movies, viewing time, inconvenience, experience watching subtitles with synthetic voice, intention to watch internet video including DVS, etc.

7 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017) 4. (MAC) 200, ( ). SPSS.. 1. TV TV, 92 (92%), 8 (8%), 10 9 TV., TV, TV 63 (63%), 25 (25%), 11 (11%). TV, (39%), (26%), 1 19 (19%). TV TV. 44 (44%), 38 (38%).,,., TV 92 TV, 56 (60.9%). ' TV' 28 (30.4%), &. 2., 45 (45%), 'TV 43 (43%)., 1 (1%). 8. TV Table 8. Watching program by watching time (unit: %, persons) Division Less than 1 hour Number of cases News and current affairs Drama Sports Entertainment Education Movie Etc (N=19) 63.2 (12) 10.5 (2) 5.3 (1) 10.5 (2) 5.3 (1) 0.0 (0) 5.3 (1) 1-2 hours (N=39) 43.6 (17) 35.9 (14) 5.1 (2) 12.8 (5) 0.0 (0) 2.6 (1) 0.0 (0) 2-3 hours (N=26) 30.8 (8) 50.0 (13) 7.7 (2) 7.7 (2) 3.8 (1) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 3-4 hours (N=6) 33.3 (2) 66.7 (4) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 4-5 hours (N=5) 60.0 (3) 40.0 (2) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 5-6 hours (N=3) 0.0 (0) (3) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) More than 6 hours ( ): Number of cases (N=2) (2) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)

8 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) 9. Table 9. DVS viewing device by visibility and occupational status (unit: %) Degree of visual impairment Job status TV Computer Smart Phone DVS receiver Blind (N=64) 31.2 (20) 59.4 (38) 0.0 (0) 7.8 (5) 1.6 (1) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=24) 58.3 (14) 20.8 (5) 4.2 (1) 12.5 (3) 4.2 (1) (N=12) 75.0 (9) 16.7 (2) 0.0 (0) 8.3 (1) 0.0 (0) Have a job (N=62) 41.9 (26) 48.4 (30) 0.0 (0) 8.1 (5) 1.6 (1) Inoccupation (N=23) 52.2 (12) 34.8 (8) 0.0 (0) 8.7 (2) 4.3 (1) Housewife (N=5) 20.0 (1) 40.0 (2) 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 0.0 (0) Student (including college students) (N=10) 40.0 (4) 50.0 (5) 0.0 (0) 10.0 (1) 0.0 (0) Etc ( ): Number of cases 10. Table 10. DVS viewing time by job status (unit: %) Less than 1 hours 1-2 hours 2-3 hours 3-4 hours 4-5 hours More than 5 hours Having a job (N=62) 41.9 (26) 35.5 (22) 21.0 (13) 1.6 (1) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) Inoccupation (N=23) 26.1 (6) 34.8 (8) 26.1 (6) 4.3 (1) 4.3 (1) 4.3 (1) Housewife (N=5) 0.0 (0) 40.0 (2) 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 0.0 (0) 20.0 (1) Student (including college students) (N=10) 70.0 (7) 30.0 (3) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) ( ): Number of cases, (59.4%), TV.,,, TV PC PC., 1 39 (39%) (35%). 1 39, TV,,., (41.9%), (70%) 1 (34.8%), (40%) 1-2., 6 ~ (65%), 84 (84%). 62, 6 ~ 12,

9 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017)., 6 ~ 12., 66 (66%), 18 (18%). 31 (31%), 25 (25%), 20 (20%).,,..,, 33 (33%), 29 (29%) Table 11. Actual DVS viewing time and DVS preferred viewing time by occupation (unit: %) 6 AM~12 PM 12 PM~6 PM 6 PM~12 AM 12 AM~6 AM Office work, management (N=29) 6.9 (2) 6.9 (2) 82.8 (24) 3.4 (1) Actual viewing time Preferred viewing time self-employment (N=2) 0.0 (0) 50.0 (1) 50.0 (1) 0.0 (0) Massage (health keeper) (N=13) 7.7 (1) 15.4 (2) 69.2 (9) 7.7 (1) Massage (masseur) (N=13) 0.0 (0) 30.8 (4) 53.8 (7) 15.4 (2) Etc (N=5) 0.0 (0) 40.0 (2) 40.0 (2) 20.0 (1) Office work, management (N=29) 0.0 (0) 3.4 (1) 93.1 (27) 3.4 (1) self-employment (N=2) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) (2) 0.0 (0) Massage (health keeper) (N=13) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) (13) 0.0 (0) Massage (masseur) (N=13) 0.0 (0) 15.4 (2) 76.9 (10) 7.7 (1) Etc (N=5) 20.0 (1) 0.0 (0) 80.0 (4) 0.0 (0) ( ): Number of cases 12. Table 12. DVS improvements (unit: %) Diversification of program genres Expansion of the number of DVS program DVS service time Appropriateness of audio description contents Etc Normal (N=27) 29.6 (8) 55.6 (15) 3.7 (1) 7.4 (2) 3.7 (1) Unsatisfied (N=29) 31.0 (9) 31.0 (9) 20.7 (6) 0.0 (0) 17.2 (5) Very dissatisfied (N=5) 40.0 (2) 20.0 (1) 40.0 (2) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)

10 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) 3., 77 (77%), 23 (23%). 77, 60 (60%), 53 (53%), 49 (49%)., 72 (72%), 28 (28%) 2.., (75.4%), (66.7%) 8.7%., (75%), (75%), 12 6 (50%)., 53 (53%), 27 (27%)., (50.8%), (56.4%) 13. Table 13. Intention to listen to synthetic voice narration by gender and visual impairment degree (unit: %) Gender Degree of visual impairment Yes Male (N=61) 75.4 (46) 24.6 (15) Female (N=39) 66.7 (26) 33.3 (13) Blind (N=64) 75 (48) 25 (16) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=24) 75 (18) 25 (6) (N=12) 50 (6) 50 (6) No 14. Table 14 Improvement of synthetic voice narration by gender and visual impairment level (unit: %) Plain feeling Unnatural intonation Situation-appropriate narration speed Etc. Gender Degree of visual impairment Male (N=61) 26.2 (16) 50.8 (31) 14.8 (9) 8.2 (5) Female (N=39) 28.2 (11) 56.4 (22) 10.3 (4) 5.1 (2) Blind (N=64) 23.4 (15) 51.6 (33) 17.2 (11) 7.8 (5) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=24) 33.3 (8) 54.2 (13) 4.2 (1) 8.3 (2) (N=12) 33.3 (4) 58.3 (7) 8.3 (1) 0.0 (0)

11 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017) 15 Table 15 Viewing intent of improved TTS based DVS by age and visually impaired (unit: %) Yes No 20 s (N=26) 80.8 (21) 19.2 (5) 30 s (N=34) 88.2 (30) 11.8 (4) Age Degree of visual impairment 40 s (N=19) 68.4 (13) 31.6 (6) 50 s (N=16) 56.3 (9) 43.8 (7) 60 s (N=5) 20 (1) 80 (4) Blind (N=64) 76.6 (49) 23.4 (15) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=24) 75 (18) 25 (6) (N=12) 58.3 (7) 41.7 (5) 5.6%., (51.6%), (54.2%), 12 7 (58.3%),., 74 (74%), 26 (26%)., (80.8%), (88.2%), (68.4%), (56.3%) , (76.6%), (75%), 12 7 (58.3%). 4., (23%), (21%) 1-3., (26.2%) 2-3, (28.2%) , 20, , (2 ), 85 (85 ), (,, ) 53 (53%).,., 20, 30 50

12 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) 16. Table 16. Internet usage time per day by gender and age (unit: %) Gender Less than 1 hour 1-2 hours 2-3 hours 3-4 hours 4-5 hours More than 5 hours Male (N=61) 6.6 (4) 16.4 (10) 26.2 (16) 18.0 (11) 14.8 (9) 18.0 (11) Female (N=39) 23.1 (9) 28.2 (11) 17.9 (7) 12.8 (5) 7.7 (3) 10.3 (4) 20 s (N=26) 7.7 (2) 23.1 (6) 23.1 (6) 19.2 (5) 3.8 (1) 23.1 (6) 30 s (N=34) 5.9 (2) 14.7 (5) 35.3 (12) 14.7 (5) 17.6 (6) 11.8 (4) Age 40 s (N=19) 10.5 (2) 10.5 (2) 26.3 (5) 21.1 (4) 10.5 (2) 21.1 (4) 50 s (N=16) 37.5 (6) 25.0 (4) 0.0 (0) 12.5 (2) 18.8 (3) 6.3 (1) 60 s (N=5) 20.0 (1) 80.0 (4) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 17. Table 17. Purpose of Internet use by gender and age (unit: %) Assignments and Tasks Internet Shopping Information search Music Game Community Activities Gender Male (N=122) 21.3 (26) 6.6 (8) 44.3 (54) 2.5 (3) 0.0 (0) 25.4 (31) Female (N=78) 15.4 (12) 11.5 (9) 39.7 (31) 3.8 (3) 1.3 (1) 28.2 (22) 20 s (N=52) 30.8 (16) 11.5 (6) 38.5 (20) 5.8 (3) 0.0 (0) 13.5 (7) 30 s (N=68) 19.1 (13) 13.2 (9) 42.6 (29) 2.9 (2) 0.0 (0) 22.1 (15) Age 40 s (N=38) 18.4 (7) 2.6 (1) 42.1 (16) 2.6 (1) 2.6 (1) 31.6 (12) 50 s (N=32) 6.3 (2) 0.0 (0) 50.0 (16) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 43.8 (14) 60 s (N=10) 0.0 (0) 10.0 (1) 40.0 (4) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 50.0 (5) 18. Table 18. Devices used by occupation by internet (unit: %) Computer Smart phone Assistive technology device Offcie work, management (N=29) 96.6 (28) 3.4 (1) 0.0 (0) Manufacturing, technical work (N=0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) self-employment (N=2) (2) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) Massage (health keeper) (N=13) 92.3 (12) 7.7 (1) 0.0 (0) Massage (masseur) (N=13) 76.9 (10) 7.7 (1) 15.4 (2) Etc. (N=5) (5) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)

13 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017), 20., 85 (85%), 8 (8%), 7 (7%) 10 8 PC, PC., (96.6%), 2 2, ( ) (92.3%), ( ) (76.9%). 5., 84 (84%), 16 (16%) 10 8.,., (81.3%), (87.5%), (91.7%),. 84, 58 (58%), 26 (26%) (YouTube),,., (76.9%), (52.4%), 11 7 (63.6%), 3.3,. 19. Table 19. Internet video viewing experience by degree of visual impairment (unit: %) Yes No Blind (N=64) 81.3 (52) 18.8 (12) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=24) 87.5 (21) 12.5 (3) (N=12) 91.7 (11) 8.3 (1) 20. Table 20. Video viewing style by degree of visual impairment (unit: %) Download Streaming Blind (N=52) 23.1 (12) 76.9 (40) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=21) 47.6 (10) 52.4 (11) (N=11) 36.4 (4) 63.6 (7)

14 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) 84, 1 44 (44%), (29%) 1., , 42 (50%), 28 (33.3%)., (46.2%), (51.7%),. 84, 39 (46.4%), 45 (53.6%)., (54.2%), (54.5%) 21. (1 ) Table 21. Video viewing time of Internet video viewing type (per day) (unit: %) Less than 1 hour 1-2 hours 2-3 hours 3-4 hours More than 5 hours Download (N=26) 42.8 (11) 46.2 (12) 11.5 (3) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) Streaming (N=58) 56.9 (33) 29.3 (17) 6.9 (4) 5.2 (3) 1.7 (1) 22. Table 22. Uncomfortable items for watching internet video (unit: %) Lack of contents Difficulty in understanding the silence section Difficulty of accessing media player Download (N=26) 23.1 (6) 46.2 (12) 30.8 (8) 0.0 (0) Streaming (N=58) 8.6 (5) 51.7 (30) 34.5 (20) 5.2 (3) Etc. 23. Table 23. Internet video viewing experience with DVS by age (unit: %) Yes No 20 s (N=24) 54.2 (13) 45.8 (11) 30 s (N=33) 42.4 (14) 57.6 (19) 40 s (N=15) 40.0 (6) 60.0 (9) 50 s (N=11) 54.5 (6) 45.5 (5) 60 s (N=1) 0.0 (0) (1)

15 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017) 24. Table 24. Intention to watch DVS-embedded video by Internet video viewing experience (unit: %) Yes No Have experience watching internet video (N=94) 86.2 (81) 13.8 (13) Have no experience watching internet video (N=6) 50.0 (30) 50.0 (30), , 94 (94%), 6 (6%) , (86.2%) (, ), 52 (52%), 48 (48%)., (60.7%) (38.5%)., 30 60, 40 50, , 1 42 (82.7%) 1 1., (83.8%), (80%) 1 3.8%, Table 25. Internet foreign-language video viewing experience by gender and age (unit: %) Yes No Gender Age Male (N=61) 60.7 (37) 39.3 (24) Female (N=39) 38.5 (15) 61.5 (24) 20 s (N=26) 50.0 (13) 50.0 (13) 30 s (N=34) 61.8 (21) 38.2 (13) 40 s (N=19) 47.4 (9) 52.6 (10) 50 s (N=16) 37.5 (6) 62.5 (10) 60 s (N=5) 60.0 (3) 40.0 (2)

16 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) 26. (1 ) Table 26. Internet foreign-language video viewing time by gender and age (per week) (unit: %) Less than 1 hour 1-2 hours 2-3 hours 3-4 hours Gender Age Male (N=61) 83.8 (31) 16.2 (6) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) Female (N=39) 80.0 (12) 6.7 (1) 6.7 (1) 6.7 (1) 20 s (N=26) 76.9 (10) 15.4 (2) 0.0 (0) 7.7 (1) 30 s (N=34) 90.5 (19) 9.5 (2) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 40 s (N=19) 66.7 (6) 22.2 (2) 11.1 (1) 0.0 (0) 50 s (N=16) 83.3 (5) 16.7 (1) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 60 s (N=5) (3) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)., (76.9%), (90.5), (66.7%), (83.5%) 1. 52, 31 (59.6%)., 20, 30, 50., (75.8%), 27. Table 27. Uncomfortable items for viewing foreign language based internet video by age and visually impaired level (unit: %) Lack of contents Decreased video understanding Decreased focus on watching videos Etc Age Degree of visual impairment 20 s (N=13) 23.1 (3) 46.2 (6) 23.1 (3) 7.7 (1) 30 s (N=21) 0.0 (0) 66.7 (14) 33.3 (7) 0.0 (0) 40 s (N=9) 33.3 (3) 55.6 (5) 11.1 (1) 0.0 (0) 50 s (N=6) 0.0 (0) 66.7 (4) 33.3 (2) 0.0 (0) 60 s (N=3) 0.0 (0) 66.7 (2) 0.0 (0) 33.3 (1) Blind (N=33) 9.1 (3) 75.8 (25) 12.1 (4) 3.0 (1) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=11) 9.1 (1) 36.4 (4) 45.5 (5) 9.1 (1) (N=8) 25.0 (2) 25.0 (2) 50.0 (4) 0.0 (0)

17 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017)., TTS. 52 TTS, 41 (78.8%), 11 (21.2%) TTS., TTS, 30 (90.5%) 40 (88.9%) TTS., (81.8%), (90.9%), Table 28. Listening experience of caption using synthetic speech by age and visual impairment degree (unit: %) Yes No Age Degree of visual impairment 20 s (N=13) 76.9 (10) 23.1 (3) 30 s (N=21) 90.5 (19) 9.5 (2) 40 s (N=9) 88.9 (8) 11.1 (1) 50 s (N=6) 66.7 (4) 33.3 (2) 60 s (N=3) 0.0 (0) (3) Blind (N=33) 81.8 (27) 18.2 (6) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=11) 90.9 (10) 9.1 (1) (N=8) 50.0 (4) 50.0 (4) 29. Table 29. Discomfortable item when listening to synthetic voice caption by age and visual impairment (unit: %) Age Degree of visual impairment ( ): number of case Complexity of caption and TTS connection Lower understanding Decreased viewership concentration 20 s (N=10) 40.0 (4) 20.0 (2) 30.0 (3) 10.0 (1) 30 s (N=19) 21.1 (4) 47.4 (9) 31.6 (6) 0.0 (0) 40 s (N=8) 12.5 (1) 25.0 (2) 50.0 (4) 12.5 (1) 50 s (N=4) 0.0 (0) 75.0 (3) 25.0 (1) 0.0 (0) 60 s (N=0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0) Blind (N=27) 18.5 (5) 40.7 (11) 37.0 (10) 3.7 (1) (Difficulty in using type information) (Type information available) (N=10) 10.0 (1) 50.0 (5) 30.0 (3) 10.0 (1) (N=4) 75.0 (3) 0.0 (0) 25.0 (1) 0.0 (0) Etc.

18 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) 4 (50%),. TTS 41, 16 (39%), 14 (34.1%)., 30 (47.4%) 50 (75%) 20 (40%), 40 (50%)., (40.7%), 10 5 (50%),, 4 3 (75%)... TV.,.,,,..., 72%, 74%,..,,.. (References) [1] W. Lim, S. Yang and C. Ahn, Descriptive video service using text to speech, Preceeding of Summer Conference of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers, [2] I. Jang, W. Lim and C. Ahn, Descriptive video service contents authoring technique, Preceeding of Fall Conference of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers, [3] I. Jang, C. Ahn and Y. Jang, Non-dialog section detection for the descriptive video service contents authoring, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, vol. 19, No. 3, May 2014.

(JBE Vol. 22, No. 2, March 2017) [4] J. Song, et al., The Study of Expanding the Broadcasting Access Right for the Disabled, Korean Association for Broadcasting & Telecommunication Studies, 2003.

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[7] Korea Communications Commission Announcement issue 2011-53, Announcement of broadcasting access right guarantee for the disabled, which is including organizing and providing the broadcasting for

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20 4 : (Inseon Jang et al.: Survey and Analysis of the Audio Description Acceptance for Improving the Media Accessibility of the Visually Impaired) : ~ : ( ) - :, : ~ : ( ) - :,

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