대한영상의학회지 2009;60: 견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성 : 조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상과관절경과의비교 1 김관섭 하두회 이상민 유고은 김재화 2 목적 : 견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성을알아보고자하였다.
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- 희순 국
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1 대한영상의학회지 2009;60: 견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성 : 조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상과관절경과의비교 1 김관섭 하두회 이상민 유고은 김재화 2 목적 : 견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성을알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 견관절자기공명영상을조영증강전과후에시행한 54예의영상을후향적으로비교하였다. 조영증강전후의지방억제양자밀도영상과조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상에서후관절순, 가시아래근, 활막, 상완이두근장두건, 피하지방의신호대잡음비와대조잡음비를각각구하여분석하였다. 그리고견관절자기공명영상과견관절경을모두시행한 53예를후향적으로비교하였다. 관절순과회전근개건의병변에대하여조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상과조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상을비교하였으며, 견관절경으로확진된가시위근의병변을기준으로각영상의진단정확도를비교하였다. 결과 : 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서의신호대잡음비는조영전지방억제양자밀도영상이나조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상보다모든구조물에서통계학적으로유의하게높았으며, 활막에대한대조잡음비도다른두영상에비하여높았다. 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상과 T1 강조영상에서의진단일치도는관절순에서 70-96% 이었고, 회전근개건에서 75-85% 였다. 가시위근의병변에대한진단정확도는두영상에서각각 83%, 75% 였다. 결론 : 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서견관절구조물들의신호대잡음비와대조잡음비가유의하게높았고, 가시위근병변에대하여우수한진단정확도를보였으므로, 견관절자기공명영상에서유용할것으로생각된다. 자기공명영상은근골격계질환에서우수한민감도와특이도도영상은조영증강전에사용하고있으며, 조영증강후에는를가지는비침습적인검사방법이다. 근골격계의자기공명영 T1 강조영상을사용하고있다. 그리고저자들이알아본바로상에흔히포함되는지방억제양자밀도영상은관절내장증의는아직지방억제양자밀도영상의조영증강후효과는보고된진단에유리한영상기법으로, 슬관절자기공명영상에서는반바가없다. 그러나저자들은조영증강후지방억제양자밀도영달연골 (meniscus) 과, 관절연골 (articular cartilage) 등의손상을얻는다면조영증강후 T1 강조영상의효과와함께지방상을발견하는데사용되며 (1-4), 견관절자기공명영상에서는억제양자밀도영상의효과를함께얻을것이라고생각하였다. 회전근개, 관절순등의병변을발견하는데주로사용되고있그러므로저자들은견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강전과다 (5, 6). 이는지방억제양자밀도영상이관절주위등의액체후의지방억제양자밀도영상을비교한후, 조영증강후의지방고임, 연골과골수의병변, 근육의변성 (degeneration), 부억제양자밀도영상을조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상과비교종, 그리고파열등의발견에유리하기때문이다 (6). 하여, 조영증강후의지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성에대하자기공명영상에서사용되는가돌리늄조영제는 T1 이완시여알아보고자하였다. 간단축과 T2 이완시간단축을모두일으키는데, T1 이완시간단축효과가크고 T2 이완시간단축효과는미미하므로가돌대상과방법리늄조영증강후에는주로 T1 강조영상을사용하고있다 (7). 현재까지대부분의견관절자기공명영상에서지방억제양자밀견관절자기공명영상에서지방억제양자밀도영상의조영증강의효과를알아보고자 2006년 6월에서 2006년 12월까지축 1 차의과학대학교분당차병원영상의학과학교실 2 상면영상을조영증강전과후에모두시행한 53명의 54예의차의과학대학교분당차병원정형외과학교실이논문은 2008년 7월 25일접수하여 2008년 9월 30일에채택되었음. 영상을후향적으로비교분석하였다. 남성은 23명, 여성은
2 김관섭외 : 견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성 명이었으며, 한명의여성은양측견관절을모두검사하였고, 평균연령은 51.8세 (10-71세) 였다. 견관절자기공명영상은 1.5T 자기공명영상기기 1대 (Sonata, Siemens medical solutions, Erlangen, Germany) 와 3.0T 자기공명영상기기 1대 (Signa Excite HDx, GE healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, U.S.A.) 를이용하여얻었다. 견관절자기공명영상은조영증강전축상면지방억제양자밀도영상 (TR/TE / msec) 을포함하였으며, 가돌리늄조영제 (Gadoterate meglumine, Dotarem; Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France) 를 2 cc/kg로정맥주사한직후조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상 (TR/TE / msec) 을축상면, 경사관상면, 그리고경사시상면에서얻고, 연속하여조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상 (TR/TE /13-21 msec) 을축상면, 경사관상면, 그리고경사시상면에서얻었다. 영상획득시간은지방억제양자밀도영상은축상면, 경사관상면, 경사시상면에서각각 3분 10초, 3분 50초, 3분 10초로총 10분 10초였으며, 지방억제 T1 강조영상은축상면, 경사관상면, 경사시상면에서각각4분10초, 4분20초, 4분10초로총12분40초였다. 모든자기공명영상의절편의두께는 4 mm, 절편간간격은 mm, 영상영역은 cm였다. 견관절자기공명영상소견은두명의근골격계영상의학과전문의가합의를통해분석하였고, 견관절경은한명의관절경정형외과의사에의해서시행되었다. 조영증강전지방억제양자밀도축상면영상을먼저평가한후, 회상치우침 (recall bias) 을최소화하고자 1주후에조영증 강후지방억제양자밀도축상면영상을분석하였고, 2주후에조영증강지방억제 T1 강조축상면영상을분석하였다. 조영증강전후의지방억제양자밀도영상과조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상의축상면영상에서 PACS(picture archiving and communicating system, Marosis 5.0, Infinitt, Korea) 화면을이용하여견관절구조물의신호대잡음비와대조잡음비를구하여비교하였다. 측정부위를후관절순, 가시아래근, 활막, 상완이두근장두건그리고피하지방의다섯부위로나누어서, 각부위의관심영역 (ROI, region of interest) 을설정한후, 관심영역의신호강도를각각세번씩측정하여그평균값으로조영증강전후의신호대잡음비를구하여비교분석하였다. 각부위의관심영역은관절와의중간 (mid-glenoid level) 에서최대한확대한후측정하였다. 관심영역의크기는후관절순, 가시아래근, 상완이두근장두건, 피하지방에서는내부의균일한신호강도부위에서 mm 2 로하였고, 활막은조영증강부위에서 mm 2 로하였다 (Fig. 1). 또, 활막의신호강도를후관절순, 가시아래근, 상완이두근장두건, 피하지방의신호강도와비교하여각영상에서의대조잡음비를구하여비교분석하였다. 두번째로, 2006년 6월부터 2007년 6월까지시행한견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강후지방억제양자밀도영상과지방억제 T1 강조영상을모두얻은 109예의견관절자기공명영상중, 견관절감입증후군으로견관절경을시행한 53예를후향적으로비교분석하였다. 남성은 25명, 여성은 28명이었으며, 평균연령은 55.8세 (20-65세) 였다. 견관절구조물들중상관절순, 전관절순, 후관절순, 상완이두근의장두건, 어깨밑근, 가시아래근, 그리고가시위근의이상유무를비교분석하였다. 자기공명영상에서관절순손상정도의평가는정상, 열상 (tear) 이의심되는경우, 열상이확실하게있는경우, 그리고관절순이없는경우로하였다. 회전근개건의평가는정상, 건염 (tendinosis), 부분층파열, 및전체층파열로나누었으며, Fig. 1. Measurement of region of interest (ROI) in synovium, posterior labrum, infraspinatus muscle, and biceps brachii long head tendon at mid-glenoid level on axial plane. The axial image was magnified at mid-glenoid level, using PACS, then, ROIs of each structure were measured (synovium: white arrow, posterior labrum: white arrowhead, infraspinatus muscle: black arrow, biceps brachii long head tendon: black arrowhead). Table 1. Comparison of SNR on Precontrast Fat-suppressed Proton-density Images, Contrast-enhanced Fat-suppressed Proton-density Images, and Contrast-enhanced Fat-suppressed T1 Weighted Images on Contrast-enhanced Shoulder MRI Precontrast FS-PDI CE-FS-PDI CE-FS-T1WI Posterior labrum, 014.4± ± ±0.7 Infraspinatus muscle, 090.2± ± ±3.5 Synovium, 113.2± ± ±8.9 Biceps brachii 018.8± ± ±2.1 long head tendon, Subcutaneous fat, 062.2± ± ±4.5 *Abbreviation. SNR: signal-to-noise ratio, FS-PDI: fat-suppressed proton-density images, CE-FS-PDI: contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density images, CE-FS-T1WI: contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted images Statistical significance between precontrast FS-PDI and CE-FS- PDI with p < 0.05 Statistical significance between CE-FS-PDI and CE-FS-T1WI with p <
3 대한영상의학회지 2009;60: 상완이두근장두건은정상, 건염, 파열과탈구유무를분석하였다. 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서각부위의손상정도를먼저평가한후, 회상치우침 (recall bias) 을최소화하기위하여 2주후에축상면조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상에서손상정도를평가하였다. 그리고조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상과조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상에서손상정도의평가에대한진단일치율을분석하였다. 관절경소견이주로환자의증상과연관이있는부위에대하여기술되어있어서가시위근에서만견관절경소견과자기공명영상소견을비교하였다. 견관절경에서가시위근의손상은건염을포함한정상, 부분층파열, 전체층파열로나누었으며, 이를기준으로조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상과조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상의진단정확도를비교분석하였다. 통계학적비교분석은조영증강전후의신호대잡음비와대조잡음비는각각 paired T-test(SPSS 11.0 for windows, 2001; SPSS, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.) 를사용하였으며, p value가 0.05 미만이면통계학적으로유의하다고판단하였다. 결과조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서의신호대잡음비와대조잡음비조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서각부위의신호대잡음비는조영증강전에비하여후관절순 22.0%, 가시아래근 19.0%, 활막 59.7%, 상완이두근장두건 31.1%, 피하지방 23.5% 등모든부위에서통계학적으로유의하게증가하였다 (p < 0.05)(Table 1). 조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상과의비교에서도, 후관절순 100.7%, 가시아래근 79.1%, 활막 38.2%, 상완이두근장두건 66.4%, 피하지방 7.1% 로모든 부위의신호대잡음비가통계학적으로유의하게높았다 (p < 0.05) (Table 1). 활막에대한각구조물의대조잡음비도조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서조영전지방억제양자밀도영상에비하여활막-후관절순 66.2%, 활막-가시아래근 307.0%, 활막-상완이두근장두건 66.7%, 활막-피하지방 174.5% 로조영증강후에모두통계학적으로유의하게증가하였다 (p < 0.05)(Table 2) (Fig. 2). 또한, 조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상과의비교에서도, 활막-후관절순 33.9%, 활막-상완이두근장두건 34.7%, 활막-피하지방 75.4% 로조영증강지방억제양자밀도 Table 2. Comparison of CNR between Synovium and Individual Articular Structures on Precontrast Fat-suppressed Proton-density Images, Contrast-enhanced Fat-suppressed Proton-density Images, and Contrast-enhanced Fat-suppressed T1 Weighted Images on Contrast-enhanced Shoulder MRI Precontrast CE-FS-PDI CE-FS-T1WI FS-PDI Synovium-Post Lab, 98.8± ± ±8.6 Synovium-IS 23.0± ± ±6.5 Synovium-BT, 94.4± ± ±8.5 Synovium-SQ fat, 51.0± ± ±7.2 *Abbreviation. CNR: contrast-to-noise ratio, FS-PDI: fat-suppressed proton-density images, CE-FS-PDI: contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density images, CE-FS-T1WI: contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted images, Post Lab: posterior labrum, IS: infraspinatus muscle, BT: biceps brachii long head tendon, SQ fat: subcutaneous fat Statistical significance between precontrast FS-PDI and CE-FS- PDI with p < 0.05 Statistical significance between CE-FS-PDI and CE-FS-T1WI with p < 0.05 A B Fig. 2. A 58-year-old man with precontrast and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density images of shoulder MR with axial plane. Comparing with precontrast fat-suppressed proton-density image (A), contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density image (B) with axial plane reveals that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of synovium (white arrow) was markedly increased with 125.9%, and contrast-noise ratio (CNR) of synovium-posterior labrum and synovium-biceps brachii long head tendon were also increased with 147.5% and 143.0%, respectively. 175
4 김관섭외 : 견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성 영상에서통계학적으로유의하게높았다 (p < 0.05)(Table 2). 활막-가시아래근의대조잡음비는조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상보다 4.2% 높았으나통계학적의의는없었다. 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상과조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상과의비교견관절구조물의손상정도의평가에대한조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상과조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상과의진단일치율은상관절순 70%, 전관절순 72%, 후관절순 96%, 어깨밑근 66%, 상완이두근장두건 85%, 가시아래근 75%, 가시위근이 85% 였다 (Table 3). 전관절순을제외한나머지구조 물들에서는조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상보다조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서병변의정도를높게판독하는경향을보였다. 견관절경으로확인된가시위근은정상이 2예, 부분층파열이 17예, 전체층파열이 34예있었다. 견관절경소견과비교할때조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서는 44예 (83%) 에서진단이일치하였으며, 조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상에서는 40예 (75%) 에서진단이일치하였다 (Fig. 3). 견관절경에서정상으로진단된 2예를, 조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상은모두부분층파열로분석하였고, 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서는 1예를정상, 1예는부분층파열로진단하였다. 부분층파열로진단되었던증례들에대하여, 조영증강지방억제 A B C D Fig. 3. A 53-year-old man with full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with diffuse edematous change in the left shoulder. Full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with cortical cyst at the greater tuberosity was well visualized on the both contrastenhanced fat-suppressed proton-density coronal image (white arrowhead, A), and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted coronal image (black arrowhead, B). (C) The supraspinatus tendon showed diffuse swelling and increased signal intensity (white arrow) on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density coronal image. (D) On contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted coronal image, diffuse swelling of the supraspinatus tendon (black arrow) was noted as homogeneous intermediate signal intensity. The swelling of the supraspinatus tendon is more conspicuous on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density images due to the increased signal intensity. Subacromial-subdeltoid bursa was enhanced by the gadolinium at the both sequences. 176
5 대한영상의학회지 2009;60: T1 강조영상에서는 4예를정상으로, 1예를건염으로판독하였으나 (Fig. 4), 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서는 2예를정상으로, 1예를건염으로판독하였다. 부분층파열을전체층파열로판독한경우는조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상에서는 1예, 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서는 3예있었다. 반면에전체층파열을부분층파열로판독한경우는조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상에서 5예, 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서는 3예있었다. 고찰자기공명영상은회전근개건내지는상완관절인대, 관절순등의질환등견관절구조물의질환발견에우수한검사방법이다 (8-10). Iannotti 등은회전근개건의전체층파열에서자기공명영상의민감도를 100%, 특이도를 95% 로보고하였으며, 건염에대한자기공명영상의민감도를 93%, 특이도를 87% 로보고하였다 (8). 최근에는견관절의자기공명영상검사 로자기공명관절조영술을많이사용하고있지만, 이는침습적인방법이기때문에가돌리늄조영제를정맥주사하여얻은자기공명간접관절조영술검사를하기도한다. Herold 등은회전근개건파열에서자기공명간접관절조영술의민감도를 %, 특이도를 100% 로보고하였고 (11), Yagci 등은민감도를 100%, 특이도를 % 로보고하는등 (12), 여러연구에서자기공명간접관절조영술역시우수한검사방법으로보고하였다 (11-13). 양자밀도영상은반복시간 (TR: repetition time) 이길고, 에코시간 (TE: echo time) 이짧아서 T1 대조도와 T2 대조도가약하지만전반적신호잡음비가 T1 강조영상이나 T2 강조영상보다높아서, 골, 섬유조직, 공기와같이신호강도가낮은구조물들을관찰하는데유용하며, 따라서근골격계검사에있어서유용한펄스대열이다 (6, 14, 15). 양자밀도영상을얻는데좋은방법은스핀에코이고, 일반적으로스핀에코대신고속스핀에코가사용되고있다. 고속스핀에코의장점은해상도와신호잡음비가높고영상획득시간이 Table 3. Comparison of Diagnostic Agreement between Contrast-enhanced Fat-suppressed Proton-density Images and Contrast-enhanced Fat-suppressed T1 Weighted Images in the 53 cases No. of Cases with No. of Cases with No. of Cases with Diagnostic Agreement Over-Diagnosis on CE-FS-PDI Under-Diagnosis on CE-FS-PDI Superior labrum 37 (70%) 09 7 Anterior labrum 38 (72%) 07 8 Posterior labrum 51 (96%) 01 1 Subscapularis tendon 35 (66%) 12 6 Biceps brachii long head tendon 45 (85%) 04 4 Infraspinatus tendon 40 (75%) 10 3 Supraspinatus tendon 45 (85%) 06 2 * Abbreviation: CE-FS-PDI: contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density images A B Fig. 4. A 53-year-old woman with partial-thickness articular surface tear of the supraspinatus tendon in the left shoulder. (A) On contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density coronal image, longitudinally gadolinium-enhancing area (white arrow) at the articular surface of the supraspinatus tendon was noted. This lesion was graded as partial thickness tear. (B) Only slightly increased contrast enhancement of the tendon (black arrow) was noted on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted coronal image. We graded this lesion as tendinosis. Arthroscopically this lesion was confirmed as partial thickness articular surface tear. 177
6 김관섭외 : 견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성 짧으며운동인공물이적다는점이다 (16). 하지만, 유효에코시수있었다. 조영증강후, 지방억제양자밀도영상에서지방억제간이짧으면횡자화차이가심해영상이흐려질수있으며, 지 T1 강조영상에비견될만한성적을보여주었기때문에, 정맥방조직의신호강도가증가할수있다. 영상이흐려지는단점은조영후지연지방억제 T1 강조영상뿐만이아니라정맥조영작은행렬수 (acquisition matrices), 긴에코간간격후바로시행한지방억제양자밀도영상역시유용할것으로생 (interecho spacing), 긴에코열기간 (ETL, echo train 각된다. 부위에따라조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상과조영 length) 때문에발생하며 (16), 이들매개변수를적절하게조증강지방억제 T1 강조영상의병변발견율이달랐는데, 이는절하면영상이흐려지는단점을극복할수있다. 또한, 지방조개인간활막의혈류분포차이때문에발생한조영증강정도와직의신호강도가증가하는것은지방포화기법을사용함으로활막에서의확산정도차이, 그리고부종이있을때양자밀도최소화할수있다. 한편, 관절의삼출액, 염증, 골의타박상영상에서의신호증강효과로말미암은것으로생각된다. 건의 (bone bruise), 인대와관절주위구조물의손상등의근골격부종이있을때조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상에서는신호강계질환들은병리학적소견에서자유물분자가증가한다. 지방도가중등도로균일하게나타나지만, 조영증강지방억제양자포화기법은물분자를포함한병적조직들의높은대조잡음비밀도영상에서는고신호강도로나타나정상건과의구분이가를제공하여부종의발견, 연골이나골수병변의발견을유리능하고, 부종의정도와범위를알수있었다. 그리고가시위근하게한다 (16-18). 의손상정도를평가하는데도견관절경소견과비교하였을근골격계자기공명영상에서사용되는가돌리늄조영제는때, 조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상에서조영증강지방억제 T1 이완시간감소와 T2 이완시간감소효과를동시에가지고 T1 강조영상보다더높은일치율을보였고, 특히부분층파열있지만, 적절한농도에서는 T1 이완시간의감소정도가 T2 이을정상이나건염으로저평가하는경우가적었다. 완시간의감소정도에비해매우크다. 결국, T1 이완시간감이번연구에서는몇가지제한점들이있었다. 첫째는신호대소정도가강조되어조직의신호강도가증가하고, 이러한효과잡음비와대조잡음비를측정할때영상을 PACS에서확대하는 T1 강조영상에서가장크게나타난다 (7). 그러므로조영증여관심영역을손으로그렸다는점이다. 최대한오차를줄이고강후에는일반적으로 T1 강조영상을얻고있다. 만약가돌리자관심영역을 3회에걸쳐서측정한후평균을구하여신호대늄조영제를주입한후양자밀도영상에서 T1 이완시간감소잡음비와대조잡음비를측정하였지만, 손으로그렸기때문에효과가충분히나타난다면, 가돌리늄조영증강양자밀도영상오차가생겼을가능성이있으며, 결국재현성 (reproducibility) 이감소할수있다. 둘째는조영증강후같은시기에지은높은신호대잡음비를가지고있으면서도가돌리늄조영증강효과를가지게되어병변의발견을유리하게할것이다. 이방억제양자밀도영상과지방억제 T1 강조영상을얻지못했다번연구에서지방억제양자밀도영상은가돌리늄조영증강후는점이다. 영상획득시간이다르므로활막으로부터의가돌리관절순과회전근개건, 상완이두근장두건등견관절구조물들늄확산정도가달라지고, 이러한점은지방억제양자밀도영상의신호대잡음비와대조잡음비가통계학적으로유의하게높아과지방억제 T1 강조영상의비교에혼란변수로작용할수있졌다. 었을것이다. 셋째는후향적연구로서의제한점이다. 관절경견관절자기공명영상에서가돌리늄으로정맥조영을할때에소견이주로환자의증상과연관이있는부위에대하여기술되는두가지기전이작용한다. 가돌리늄은정맥으로주입한후어있어서가시위근에서만자기공명영상소견과관절경소견초기에는혈관에서부터혈장의초여과액인관절내삼출액을과비교할수있었고, 그외의견관절구조물에서는비교를할통하여관절내로퍼지게되고, 정맥주입후약 10분후에는수없었다. 추후에전향적으로관절경과비교한다면, 정맥조영활막에서부터관절내삼출액으로의확산 (diffusion) 을통해견관절자기공명영상에대하여더정확한비교가가능할것으관절내로퍼지게되면서, T1 이완시간감소효과를나타내고로기대한다. 넷째는조영증강전과후의지방억제양자밀도영이로말미암아관절내삼출액은조영증강효과를가지게된상에서의병변진단율에대한비교가없다는점이다. 조영증강다. 그리고이효과는정맥주입후약 1시간까지지속된다 (19- 후지방억제양자밀도영상에서견관절구조물들의신호대잡음 21). 이번연구에서는가돌리늄의정맥조영후, 초기에는지방비와대조잡음비가통계학적으로유의하게증가하여병변발억제양자밀도영상의축상면, 경사관상면, 경사시상면을얻견에유용할것으로기대되지만, 조영증강전지방억제양자밀었고, 이어서지방억제 T1 강조영상을얻었다. 그러므로조영도영상에비하여병변진단율이어느정도증가하는지객관적증강지방억제양자밀도영상은가돌리늄이혈장에서초여과를으로분석할수없었다. 거쳐관절내삼출액으로나옴으로인해발생하는효과를가지결론적으로견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양게되고, 조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상에서는이와함께활자밀도영상은조영증강전보다통계학적으로유의하게증가한막에서부터관절내로의확산효과를함께갖게된다. 보통자신호대잡음비와대조잡음비를보여주었다. 견관절경소견과기공명간접관절조영술은정맥조영후운동한후 20분, 운동비교하였을때도조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상보다높은진하지않는경우는 30-40분지연영상을얻게되는데, 이번연단의정확도를보였다. 따라서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영구에서는조영증강지방억제 T1 강조영상을정맥조영후약상은견관절자기공명영상에서유용하게이용될수있을것으 15분경과후에영상을얻기시작함으로, 기존의자기공명간로생각된다. 접관절조영술과비슷한결과를얻을수있을것으로기대할 178
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8 김관섭외 : 견관절자기공명영상에서조영증강지방억제양자밀도영상의효율성 J Korean Soc Radiol 2009;60: Efficiency of Contrast-Enhanced Fat-Suppressed Proton Density Images for Shoulder MRI: Comparison with Contrast-enhanced Fat-suppressed T1 Weighted Image and Arthroscopy 1 Kwan Sub Kim, M.D., Doo Hoe Ha, M.D., Sang Min Lee, M.D., Koun J. Yoo, M.D., Jae Wha Kim, M.D. 2 1 Department of Radiology, Bundang CHA General Hospital, CHA University 2 Department of Orthopedics, Bundang CHA General Hospital, CHA University Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed proton-density images (CE-FS-PDI) for shoulder MRI. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 54 shoulder MR precontrast fat-suppressed proton-density images (FS-PDI), CE-FS-PDI and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted images (CE-FS-T1WI). Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of the posterior labrum, infraspinatus muscle, synovium, biceps brachii long head tendon and subcutaneous fat were analyzed on each sequence. Subsequently, 53 cases were reviewed where patients had undergone both shoulder arthroscopy and shoulder MRI. We analyzed the diagnostic agreement rates between the CE-FS-PDI and CE-FS-T1WI and the diagnostic accuracy of arthroscopically proven tears of the supraspinatus tendon. Results: On CE-FS-PDI, the SNRs and CNRs of all structures were statistically higher than on precontrast FS- PDI and CE-FS-T1WI. Diagnostic agreement rates between CE-FS-PDI and CE-FS-T1WI were 70-96% in labrums and 75-96% in rotator cuffs. The diagnostic accuracy rates for a tear of the supraspinatus tendon were 83% on CE-FS-PDI and 75% on CE-FS-T1WI, respectively. Conclusion: The SNR and CNR on CE-FS-PDI were increased in the shoulder structures, and the diagnostic rate for a tear of the supraspinatus tendon on CE-FS-PDI was superior as compared to CE-FS-T1WI. Therefore, CE-FS-PDI will be useful for shoulder MRI. Index words : Magnetic resonance (MR) Shoulder joint Contrast media Address reprint requests to : Doo Hoe Ha, M.D., Department of Radiology, Bundang CHA General Hospital, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Kyonggi-do, , Korea Tel Fax dhha@cha.ac.kr 180
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