09-ICR(컬러)

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1 Journal of Radiation Industry 7 (1) : 55~59 (2013) Review Paper ICR 마우스에서감마선조사로유도된조혈조직손상모델확립 강정애 1,2 노종국 1 장범수 1 정영진 2 박상현 1, * 1 한국원자력연구원첨단방사선연구소 2 충남대학교식품영양학과 Establishment of γ-irradiation-induced Hematopoietic Tissue Damage Model in ICR Mice Jung Ae Kang 1,2, Jong Kook Rho 1, Beom-Su Jang 1, Young-Jin Chung 2 and Sang Hyun Park 1, * 1 Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup , Korea 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Deajeon , Korea Abstract - Ionizing radiation causes the massive generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in cellular and tissue damage. The present study was performed to evaluate γ-irradiation induced cellular damage in ICR mice. The mice were divided into four groups with ten mice in each group. Group 1 served as an unexposed control group. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to 3, 5, and 7 Gy of γ-radiation, respectively. Five mice per group were sacrificed 1 and 7 days after γ-radiation. Exposure to γ-irradiation resulted in hematopoietic damage in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the unexposed control group, which featured a significantly decreased spleen index. However, the exposed mice showed no significant differences in their serum AST, ALT and in the histopathological change of their liver. These results suggest that γ-irradiation is a good tool to prepare a hematopoietic damage model. This animal model can be employed to study the hematopoietic efficacy of biologically active compounds. Key words : γ-irradiation, Hematopoietic damage, Spleen index 서 인간은끊임없이자연과인공적인광원으로부터이온화방사선에노출되어진다. 방사선치료및방사성동위원소의의학적이용증가, 우주방사선을비롯한자연방사선의노출증가, 최근일본대지진으로인한후쿠시마원 론 * Corresponding author: Sang Hyun Park, Tel , Fax , . parksh@kaeri.re.kr 자력발전소사고로인체가방사선에피폭받을빈도가증가하고있으며피폭으로인한인체장애나인체방어에관하여사람들의관심이집중되고있다 (Meister 2005). 우리나라역시방사선노출에대한불안감이커진가운데 생활주변방사선안전관리법 이시행되어생활주변에서발생할수있는방사선으로부터불필요하게노출되는것을방지하고자하고있다. 방사선은직접적인조직손상과생체물질의이온화현상에의한간접손상을유발하게되며방사선에의해간접적으로생성된자유라디칼 (reactive oxygen species, ROS) 은 DNA, 단백질 55

2 56 강정애 노종국 장범수 정영진 박상현 및세포막등의세포손상과세포사멸을유도한다 (Halliwell and Gutterige 1999). 따라서방사선노출시정상세포를보호하면서부작용이없고생체손상의예방및경감을위한방사선보호제에대한연구가시도되어왔다 (Phillips 1981). 방사선보호제에대한연구는 WR-2721 (amifostine) 등의 thiol기를갖는합성물질, 사이토카인 (cytokines), 면역조절제 (immunomodulator) 등에대해서연구가많이이루어져있다. 그러나합성물질은독성이강하며, 면역조절제의경우부작용이많고고가여서사용에한계를나타내고있다. 따라서독성이적은항산화기능을갖는천연물을이용한방사선보호제연구가많이이루어지고있다 (Hosseinimehr 2007). 방사선조사동물실험모델로랫트 (rats) 는충분한혈액시료확보가용이하여많이사용되어왔지만 (Pradeep et al. 2012), 마우스에비해유지비용이많이들고시료처리시많은양이요구되는단점이있다. 그러므로본연구에서는방사선조사로인한세포손상모델을만들기위해일반독성을포함한각종실험에많이사용되고있는ICR 마우스를이용하였고, 방사선조사로유도된조혈기능및간세포손상평가지표를발굴하고방사선보호제개발을위한동물모델을확립하고자한다. 재료및방법 1. 실험동물 5주령 (22±1g) 의 ICR 마우스암컷을오리엔트바이오 ( 주 ) 에서구입하여실험에사용하였다. 23±2 C 의온도, 55±5% 의습도, 명암순환은 12시간단위로유지되는실험동물사육장에서 1주일간적응시켰으며, 고형사료와물은자유로이공급하였다. 본연구를위한동물실험은한국원자력연구원첨단방사선연구소의동물실험윤리위원회의승인하에수행되었다. Tabel 1과같이ICR 마우스를감마선조사후 1일차와 7일차로나눠그룹당 5마리씩 4개그룹으로나누어실험을진행하였다. 2. 감마선조사감마선조사는한국원자력연구원첨단방사선연구소내 Gammacell 40 exactor (MDS Nordion, Canada) 을사용하여 1.1 Gy min -1 의선량율이되게조사하였다. 정상대조군을제외한 ICR 마우스는아크릴상자에넣고 137 Csγ선의흡수선량이 3, 5, 7 Gy가되도록마우스몸전체에조사하였다. Table 1. Experimental design Post-irradiation Day 1 Day 7 3. 시료채취 γ-irradiation Sacrificed 감마선조사후 1일과 7일이지난다음 ICR 마우스를흡입마취제로전신마취시키고, 개복하여후대정맥에서혈액을채취하였다. 혈액은 3,000 rpm으로 20분동안원심분리하고혈청을분리하여 4 C 에서저장하였다. 이후, 마우스를희생하고간및비장을적출하여냉식염수로세척한후건조시켜무게를측정하였다. 비장지수는 ( 비장무게 / 체중 ) 100에의해계산되었다. 4. 혈청중 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 와 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 측정 혈청중 AST와 ALT 측정은효소법에의한정량용 kit ( 아산제약 ) 로측정하였다. AST와 ALT 기질액 1.0 ml를각각시험관에가하여 37 C 에서 5분간방치한다음혈청 0.2 ml를넣고잘혼합한후37 C 에서반응시킨뒤정색시약 1ml를첨가하여잘혼합하여실온에서 20분간방치시켰다. 마지막으로 0.4 M NaOH 용액을가하여잘혼합한다음실온에서약 10분간방치한후, Multiskan FC microplate photometer (Thermo, Finland) 를이용하여 540 nm에서흡광도의변화를측정하였다. 5. 간조직의조직병리 Sacrificed ICR mice Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Exposure dose Normal (n=5) 3 Gy of γ-radiation (n=5) 5 Gy of γ-radiation (n=5) 7 Gy of γ-radiation (n=5) Normal (n=5) 3 Gy of γ-radiation (n=5) 5 Gy of γ-radiation (n=5) 7 Gy of γ-radiation (n=5) 간조직은조직병리학적분석을위해 10% 포르말린에고정시켰다. 간조직을에탄올 (ethanol) 과크실렌 (xylene) 에순차적으로세척하고, 파라핀왁스에넣는과정을진행하였다. 미세절편기 (Leica Microsystems, Germany) 을

3 감마선조사로유도된조혈조직손상모델 57 Table 2. Body weight of the mice at day 1 and 7 after various dose of γ-irradiation Radiation Day 1 Day 7 Dose Initial B.W. Final B.W. Initial B.W. Final B.W. 0 Gy 21.9± ± ± ± Gy 21.9± ± ± ± Gy 21.94± ± ± ±0.8 7 Gy 21.94± ± ± ±1.45 Values are expressed as mean±s.d. for five mice in each group. 이용하여 5 μm 두께로잘랐다. 왁스를제거시키고헤마톡실린 (Hematoxylin) 과에오신 (Eosin) 으로염색시켜현미경으로관찰하였다. 6. 통계분석 실험에서얻어진결과는 SPSS/Windows 18.0을이용하여일차원분산분석 (one-way ANOVA) 으로수행되었고, 내부군비교는 Tukey 다중비교분석 (Tukey s multiple comparision test) 를이용하여수행되었다. 수치는각군의 5마리에대하여평균 ± 표준편차로표현되었다. P값 0.05인경우유의한것으로고려되었다. 1. 체중변화 결과및논의 각군에대한체중을측정하여 Table 2에나타내었다. 동물모델에서방사선조사로인해체중감소및식이섭취량감소가나타나는것으로알려져있다 (Linn et al. 1996; Pradeep et al. 2008). 이는위장관손상으로설사와식욕감퇴를유발하여체중이감소한다고보고하고있다 (Quastler 1956). 본연구에서는감마선조사후 1일차와 7일차그룹의마우스체중을조사한결과체중감소가보이지않고처음체중보다증가함을보였으며, 정상대조군과도차이가없었다. 2. 비장지수변화 각군에대한비장지수를계산하여 Fig. 1에나타내었다. 6.5 Gy 이상의방사선조사후생체내에서는방사선에민감한조혈면역계기관인비장이방사선장해를받게되고, 많은림프구의괴사가일어나비장은부피및중량이감소하는것으로알려져있다 (Gough et al. 1977). 또한랫트에감마선을 1, 3, 5 Gy로조사할경우비장지수가흡수선량이증가할수록감소함을보였다 (Pradeep Day 1 Day 7 Fig. 1. Radiation-induced spleen index of the mice at day 1 and 7 after various dose of γ-irradiation. Values are expressed as mean±s.d. for five mice in each group. *p 0.05 and p represent significant differences compared with group 1. et al. 2008). 본연구에서는감마선흡수선량이증가할수록비장지수가정상대조군보다유의적으로감소하였으며, 감마선조사후 7일차의비장지수가 1일차에비해적게나타남을확인할수있었다. 이를통해감마선흡수선량에비례적으로비장지수가감소하며이러한변화는 7일차에도같은경향으로유지되었다. 방사선에감수성이높고민감한조혈면역계를보호하고이들의회복을촉진시키는것이필수적이므로 (Schwarts et al. 1988), 비장지수를이용하여방사선에대한방사선보호제발굴에이용될수있을것으로사료된다. 3. 혈청중 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 와 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 상태 각군에대한혈청중AST, ALT의활성도를 Table 3 에나타내었다. AST와 ALT는간세포내에존재하는아미노기전이효소로주로간세포가손상을받는경우에혈중으로방출되어활성이증가하게되므로간독성검 Table 3. Status of AST and ALT of the mice at day 1 and 7 after various dose of γ-irradiation Radiation Day 1 Day 7 Dose AST (IU l -1 ) ALT (IU l -1 ) AST (IU l -1 ) ALT (IU l -1 ) 0 Gy 21.94± ± ± ± Gy 23.86± ± ± ± Gy 28.71± ± ± ± Gy 29.76± ± ± ±5.37 Values are expressed as mean±s.d. for five mice in each group.

4 58 강정애 노종국 장범수 정영진 박상현 Day 1 상과직접적으로연결된다 (Recknagel et al. 1989). 방사선의급성생리효과로 AST와 ALT의증가가있으며 (Hsu et al. 1990; Ohta et al. 1990), 랫트에감마선을조사할경우혈중 AST와 ALT의효소활성이급격히증가함을보였다 (Pradeep et al. 2008). 그러나본실험에서는마우스에감마선을 3, 5, 7 Gy를조사할경우혈중 AST와 ALT는정상대조군과비교하였을때유의한차이를나타내지않았다. 4. 간조직분석 정상대조군과감마선조사군의간을적출하여조직 학적형태를 Fig. 2 에나타내었다. 동물모델에서방사선 을조사한간조직은혈관이두꺼워지고, 문정맥손상과 중심정맥이불규칙하며주변간소엽의모세혈관들도방 사선에영향을받아일정한배열을이루지않는다 (Pradeep et al. 2012). 정상대조군의마우스로부터적출한간 은혈관의형태가비교적안정적이며, 혈관주위의핵과 Day 7 세포의형태가규칙적으로관찰되었고, 세포괴사또는사멸현상이일어나지않았으며, 정상내피세포를나타내었다. 본실험의감마선조사후 1일차와 7일차마우스로부터적출한간에서는간조직및간세포손상은관찰되지않았다. 결 론 Fig. 2. Histopathology of liver tissue of the mice at day 1 and 7 after various dose of γ-irradiation. 사에주로사용된다. AST의경우간조직이외에신장, 근육, 심장등에분포하고있어간손상에직접적인원인이아닐수있지만 ALT의경우는간조직에대부분분포하고있기때문에 ALT 수치가상승하는것은간손 본연구에서는방사선조사로유도된조혈기능및간세포손상동물모델을확립하기위해 5주령된 ICR 마우스에감마선을 3, 5, 7 Gy로조사한후 1일과 7일후에손상정도를확인하였다. 본연구에서수행된혈액화학치분석결과에서는방사선조사로유도된간세포손상은관찰되지않았다. 비장지수는감마선흡수선량이증가할수록유의하게감소하여조혈기능손상모델의좋은평가지표로발굴되었으며, 이러한조혈기능손상은최소7일이상지속되는것으로확인되었다. 본동물실험모델은방사선에의한조혈기능손상을평가할수있는모델로활용가능하며방사선보호제발굴에이용될수있을것으로사료된다. 사사이연구는미래창조과학부에서시행하는방사선기술개발사업 (Grant No. 2012M2A2A601135) 의지원으로수행되었습니다.

5 감마선조사로유도된조혈조직손상모델 59 참고문헌 Gough GR, Boggs SS and Schwartz GN Changes in thymus size observed radiographically during the course of spontaneous lymphoma in the AKR/J mouse. Lab Anim. Sci. 27: Halliwell B and Gutterige JM Free radical in biology and medicine. 3rd ed. pp Oxford University Press. New York. Hosseinimehr SJ Foundation review: Trends in the development of radioprotective agents. Drug Discov. Today 12: Hsu HY, Lian SL and Lin CC Radioprotective effect of Ganoderma Lucidum (Leyss. ex. Fr) karst after X-ray irradiation in mice. Am. J. Chin. Med. 18(1-2): Linn IH, Hau DM, Chen WC, Chen KT and Lin JG Effects of glycyrrhizae and glycyrrhizic acid on cellular immunocompetence of gamma-ray-irradiated mice. Chin. Med. J. 109: Meister M The health effects of low-level radiation. pp American Council on Science and Health. New York. Ohta S, Sakurai N, Inoue T and Shinoda M Studies on chemical protectors against radiation. XXX. Radioprotective substances of cnidii rhizoma. Yskugaku Zasshi 110(10): Quastler H The nature of intestinal radiation death. Radiat. Res. 4:303. Phillips TL Sensitizer and protectors in clinical oncology. Semin. Oncol. 8: Pradeep K, Ko KC, Choi MH, Kang JA, Chung YJ and Park SH Protective effect of hesperidin, a citrus flavanoglycone, against γ-radiation-induced tissue damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Med. Food 15(5): Pradeep K, Park SH and Ko KC Hesperidin a flavanoglycone protects γ-irradiation induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress in Spraque-Dawley rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 587: Recknagel RO, Glende JE, Dolak JA and Waller RL Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Pharmacol. Ther. 43: Schwarts GN, Neta R, Vigneulle RM, Patchen ML and Mac- Vittie TJ Recovery of hematopoietic colony-forming cells in irradiated mice pretreated with interleukin 1 (IL-1). Exp. Hematol. 16(9): Manuscript Received: June 4, 2013 Revised: July 30, 2013 Revision Accepted: August 1,

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