Rhinology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2018;61(7): / pissn / eissn
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1 Rhinology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ;():- / pissn - / eissn - Efficacy of Treatment with Coblation Turbinate Reduction in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Responding to Medication Sung Jae Heo, Chang Mook Park, and Jung Soo Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungsam Hospital, Daegu, Korea 약물치료에반응이있는알레르기비염환자에서 Coblation 하비갑개축소술의효과 허성재 박창묵 김정수 경북대학교의과대학이비인후-두경부외과학교실, 천주성삼병원이비인후과 Received July, Revised November, Accepted November, Address for correspondence Jung Soo Kim, MD Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea Tel +--- Fax profsookim@gmail.com Background and Objectives The effectiveness of turbinate surgery has been well demonstrated in allergic rhinitis refractory to. On the contrary, the efficacy of surgery in allergic rhinitis that responds to has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the surgical outcomes in patients with allergic rhinitis responsive to. Subjects and Method Patients with allergic rhinitis responsive to and those who had undergone coblation turbinate reduction were enrolled in this study. The visual analog scale was used to assess the allergic symptoms before treatment, during treatment as well as postoperatively at and months. In addition, the degree of patient satisfaction regarding the surgery was investigated postoperatively at months. Results Twenty-four patients (mean age=.±. years; men-to-women ratio=:) were included in this study. the pretreatment period, all allergic symptoms significantly improved after treatment with both and surgery. At months postoperatively, the degree of patients allergic symptoms was lower than in those treated with. However, when compared at months postoperatively, all the symptoms, excluding nasal obstruction, were not significantly different from those who received. Surveyed postoperatively at months.% of patients advocated for surgical treatment. Conclusion Although surgery yielded better outcome than did during the early postoperative period, there was little difference in the outcome at months postoperatively. Therefore, we need to be careful when choosing surgical intervention for patients with allergic rhinitis responsive to. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ;():- Key Words Allergic rhinitis ㆍ Pulsed radiofrequency treatment ㆍ Treatment outcome ㆍ Turbinate. 서 론 알레르기비염은이비인후과의사가가장흔히접하는질환 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 중하나이며, 유병률은지속적으로증가하고있고약 ~% 로알려져있다.,) 알레르기비염은생명에직접적으로영향을주는질환은아니지만, 환자의육체적, 정신적기능을저하시켜개개인의삶의질을악화시키고결국막대한사회경제적손실을초래한다. ) 알레르기비염의치료에는회피요법, 약물치료, 수술적치료, 면역치료등이있다. ) 회피요법은가 Copyright Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
2 Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ;():- 장안전하고근본적인치료방법이지만현실적으로치료지침을완전히지키기쉽지않아서만족할만한결과를얻기어렵다.,) 약물치료는알레르기비염의대표적인치료방법으로항히스타민제와국소스테로이드제가가장널리사용되며좋은결과를보이고있다. ) 수술적치료에는부분하비갑개절제술, 점막하절제술, 전기소작법, 레이저하비갑개성형술, coblation 하비갑개축소술, microdebrider를이용한하비갑개점막하절제술등이있다.,,) 주로약물치료에반응이없는환자들에서수술적치료를고려하지만, 장기간지속적인치료에따른불편함, 졸음이나무력감과같은부작용등의이유로약물치료에반응이좋더라도수술적치료를원하는경우들이있다. 하지만, 지금까지이러한환자들에서수술을시행한경우결과에대한연구가없었다. 알레르기비염에서수술이대부분좋은결과를보였지만, 수술을시행하는경우수술중의불편함과수술후에가피로인한코막힘및악취, 분비물, 출혈및유착과같은합병증, 드레싱으로인한불편함등이있을수있어약물에반응이좋은환자에서는수술적치료를선택하기에어려움이있다. 따라서저자들은약물치료에반응이좋은환자들중수술적치료를병행한환자와약물치료만시행한환자간의치료만족도를비교해보고자하였다. 대상및방법 년 월부터 년 월까지전형적인알레르기비염증상 ( 코막힘, 콧물, 재채기, 코가려움 ) 을호소하며피부단자검사에서양성반응을보였던환자중약물치료로증상은호전되었으나장기간의약물투여의불편함을호소하거나약물부작용으로하비갑개수술 (coblation 하비갑개축소술 ) 을시행한환자들을대상으로하였다. 약물치료로증상이호전됨은약물에의해환자의증상이대부분사라져서불편함이없는경우로정의하였다. 약물치료기간이 년미만인경우, 다른수술을함께시행한경우, 이전에하비갑개수술을받았거나심한비중격만곡증이있는경우, 비용종이나만성부비동염이동반된경우, 두경부방사선치료의과거력이있는경우, 수술전후상기도감염이있었던경우, 기록이부족한경우는대상에서제외하였다. 연구는본대학병원의임상연구심의위원회의승인 (IRB No. KNUH--) 을받은후후향적으로진행되었다. 수술전약물치료는국소스테로이드제를기본으로하였으며환자의증상에따라서항히스타민제, 류코트리엔수용체길항제, 비만세포안정제등을사용하였다. 하비갑개수술은 coblation 하비갑개축소술로시행하였고, 모든수술은일 일수술실에서국소마취하에시행되었다. Coblation 의기구는 Coblator II controller(arthrocare, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) 를사용하였고, 파워는 W 로설정하였다. 비후된하비갑개 의앞쪽윗부분과아랫부분, 그리고뒤쪽윗부분와아랫부 분에기본적으로 coblation 을시행하였고비후가심한경우 Fig.. Anterior (black asterisks) and posterior insertion sites (white asterisks) of coblator wand at the inferior turbinate. st symptom assessment at initial visit Medication therapy over a year nd symptom assessment during Difficulty in keeping therapy due to complaints of long-term or side effects Performing surgery of coblation turbinate reduction rd symptom assessment at months after surgery th symptom assessment at months after surgery Fig.. Flow of symptom assessments of allergic rhinitis (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itchy nose) using visual analogue scale.
3 Coblation Surgery in Allergic Rhinitis Heo SJ, et al. 에는중간부위에 ~ 곳추가로시행하였다 (Fig. ). 하비갑 개앞부위에 coblator wand 를삽입해서우선뒤쪽까지진입 시킨후앞으로 wand 를빼면서시행하는방법 (tunneling) 도 있지만, 저자들은원하는부위에정확히 coblation 하기위해 필요한부위마다 wand 를삽입하는방법을사용하였다. Coblation 시행시간은비후가심한부위는 ~ 초, 심하지않은 부위는 ~ 초시행하였고, 주변점막이흰색으로변하면작 동을즉시중단하였다. 수술후증상의정도에따라서필요 한경우에는약물치료를병행하였다. 모든환자에서치료전과약물치료중, 수술후, 개월에 visual analogue scale() 을이용하여코막힘, 콧물, 재채 기, 코가려움의정도를알아보았다 (Fig. ). 증상이전혀없는 경우를 점, 가장심한경우를 점으로하였고, 수술후 개월에수술에대한환자의주관적만족도를조사하였다. 객 관적인검사로는비내시경검사를수술전과수술 개월후 시행하였고, 하비갑개비후의정도는 Friedman 등 ) 이보고 한방법 (: 명백한폐쇄가없는경한비후, : 과 의중간, Table. Patient characteristics at baseline (n=) Variables Number or mean±sd Gender (male/female) / Age (yr).±. Allergens (%) House dust mites () Dog or cat hair (.) Weed pollen (.) Tree pollen (.) Grass pollen (.) Fungus (.) Difficulties of administration of (%) Long-term (.) Sleepiness (.) General weakness (.) Gastritis (.) Insomnia (.) Continuous data are presented as number or mean with range. SD: standard deviation : 비강의저명한폐쇄 ) 을사용하여평가하였다. 통계는 SPSS statistics version.(spss Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을사용하였다. 비증상의비교는 paired t-test 및 Wilcoxon signed ranks test를사용하였으며, p value가. 미만인경우에통계적으로유의한것으로판단하였다. 결과 총 명의환자가본연구에포함되었고, 평균연령은. ±.(~) 세로남녀비는 : 이었다. 피부단자검사결과모든환자에서집먼지진드기에양성이었고, 동물털은 명 (.%), 잡초화분은 명 (.%), 나무화분과풀화분은각각 명 (.%), 곰팡이는 명 (.%) 에서양성이었다. 약물치료에효과가있었지만수술적치료를원한이유로오랜약물투여기간이 명 (.%) 으로가장많았고, 그외졸음, 전신쇠약감, 위염, 불면증등이있었다 (Table ). 코막힘은치료전 점수.±.에비해약물치료중에는통계적으로유의하게.±.로감소하였고, 수술, 개월후에도각각.±.,.±.로유의하게호전되었다 (Table, Fig. ). 약물치료와수술후의코막힘정도를비교했을때, 수술후, 개월에서모두코막힘정도가약물치료보다유의하게낮았다. 콧물은치료전 점수.±.에서약물치료를시행중인경우.±.로, 수술후, 개월후에는각각.±.,.±.로모두치료전보다유의한호전을보였다. 약물치료와수술후의콧물로인한불편함을비교했을때, 수술 개월후에는수술후의불편함이약물치료에비해유의하게낮았지만, 수술 개월후에는약물치료와유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p=.). 재채기는치료전 점수.±.에서약물치료중.±.로, 수술, 개월후각각.±.,.±. 로모두유의하게호전되었다. 약물치료와수술후를비교했을때수술 개월후에는약물치료에비해증상이유의하게낮았지만, 개월후에는유의한차이를보이지않았다 Table. The visual analogue scale scores of nasal symptoms and grade of inferior turbinate at the pre,, postoperative months, and postoperative months (n=) Symptoms months months Nasal obstruction.±..±.*.±.*.±.* Rhinorrhea.±..±.*.±.*.±.* Sneezing.±..±.*.±.*.±.* Itchy nose.±..±.*.±.*.±.* Grade of inferior turbinate.±..±.*.±.*.±.* Continuous data are presented as mean value with standard deviation. *statistically significant compared to pretreatment (p<.), statistically significant compared to (p<.).
4 Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ;():- (p=.). 코가려움은치료전 점수.±. 에서약 물치료중.±. 로, 수술, 개월후각각.±.,.±. 로호전되었으며모두통계적으로유의한차이를 보였다. 약물치료와수술후를비교했을때수술 개월후에 는약물치료에비해유의한호전을보였지만, 개월후에는 차이를보이지않았다 (p=.). 하비갑개비후정도는치료 Nasal obstruction Rhinorrhea months months months months Sneezing Itchy nose months months months months Fig.. Nasal symptoms at the pre,, postoperative months, and postoperative months. : visual analogue scale. Fig.. Nasoendoscopic view of the inferior turbinate before (A) and months after (B) surgery of coblation volume reduction. S: nasal septum, IT: inferior turbinate. A B
5 Coblation Surgery in Allergic Rhinitis Heo SJ, et al. Table. Patient s response to the question whether they will undergo the surgery again, if needed 전.±. 에서약물치료중에는.±. 로유의하게호 전되었고, 수술, 개월후각각.±.,.±. 로치 료전과약물치료중에비해모두통계적으로유의하게호전 되었다 (Fig. ). 수술후 개월에시행한설문으로, 필요한경우다시동일 한수술을받겠느냐는질문에 명 (.%) 이받겠다고대답 하였고, 명 (.%) 은잘모르겠다고대답하였으며 명 (.%) 은받지않겠다고대답하였다 (Table ). 수술후콧물및재채 기증상으로불편함을호소한 명 (.%) 에서항히스타민제 제 (fexofenadine mg tablet) 를필요에따라복용하였고 수술전처럼매일복용해야하는경우는없었다. Coblation 하비갑개축소술을시행중 명 (%) 의환자에서침윤마취 시에혈압및심박동수가일시적으로상승하였지만, 유의할 만한심폐합병증및수술후출혈, 감염, 유착, 후각장애등의 합병증은관찰되지않았다. Patient s response Number (%) Yes, I will undergo the same surgery, if need (.) I am not sure (.) No, I do not want to undergo the surgery anymore 고 찰 (.) 년 Lin 등 ) 은약물치료에반응없는알레르기비염환 자에서 coblation 하비갑개축소술을시행한결과를발표하 였다. 수술후 % 의환자에서증상호전을보였고, 그효과 는추적관찰기간인수술후 년까지지속되었다. 추후에동 일한수술이필요하다면재수술을받을지에대한질문에모 든환자가받겠다고대답하였다. 약물치료에반응있는환자 를대상으로한본연구에서는재수술을받겠다는환자가.% 로, 약물치료에반응이없었던환자를대상으로한 Lin 등의연구에비해수술만족도가낮았다. 추적관찰기간 이 년인 년에발표된연구 ) 에서는.% 에서재수술에 긍정적으로대답하였고,.% 의환자는앞으로수술적치 료를받지않겠다고대답하였고 % 에서는판단을유보하였 다. 물론, 수술만족도를 -( 기대보다매우안좋음 ) 점에서 +( 기대보다매우만족 ) 점범위로한만족도조사에서는평 균 +.±. 으로 년이지나도좋은만족도를보였지만, coblation 하비갑개축소술은시간이지나면서만족도가낮 아짐을알수있다. 본연구는추적관찰기간이 년으로 년 정도의시간이지나면수술만족도가더낮아질수있을것 으로예상되므로, 수술적치료를선택함에있어이러한점도 고려해야할것으로생각된다. 지금까지알레르기비염에서수술적치료에대한연구는대부분수술방법들의비교나대조군없이치료효과를발표한경우가대부분이었고, 약물치료와수술적치료결과를비교한연구는매우드물었다.,,-) Di Rienzo Businco 등 ) 은 coblation 하비갑개축소술과함께약물치료를시행한군과약물치료만시행한군을비교했을때수술을추가적으로시행한경우코막힘과재채기에서더큰호전을보였고, 콧물과가려움은비슷한호전을나타냄을보고하였다. 본연구에서는약물치료에반응이있는환자들을대상으로하였고, 환자를두군으로나누지않고동일한환자들대상으로약물과수술적치료결과를비교하여 Di Rienzo Businco 등의연구와는차이가있어동등한비교는어렵지만, 수술을시행한경우코막힘과재채기에서약물치료에비해더나은결과를나타낸것은같았다. 하지만 Di Rienzo Businco 등의연구와달리본연구에서는수술 개월후에는코막힘과재채기뿐만아니라콧물과코가려움또한약물치료에비해수술이좋은결과를나타내었고, 수술 개월후에는코막힘을제외한다른증상들은수술과약물치료에서유의한차이를보이지않았다. Coblation 하비갑개축소술은 radiofrequency 에너지를이용한방법인 coblation(cold ablation) 기술을사용하는데, 이는 khz의주파수를이용하여생리식염수와같은전도매개체내에존재하는전해질들을활성화시켜 이하의비교적낮은온도로작용하므로, 레이저나전기소작기등에비해주위조직손상이적은안전한방법이다. ) 이러한특성으로주위의점막손상을줄이면서하비갑개의부피를축소시킬수있어서비염의수술적치료방법으로널리사용되고있다. Coblation 하비갑개축소술에대한초기의연구들은코막힘호전에중점을두었기에비후성비염이주된치료적응증이었지만, 최근에는 coblation에의해하비갑개의신경섬유및혈관들이파괴되어점막고유층내에반흔조직이형성되어수술후점막의과민반응을억제시킨다는점을근거로알레르기비염에서도널리사용되고있고좋은결과들을보였다.,,) Coblation 수술뿐만아니라하비갑개절제술을시행한경우에도콧물과재채기와같은코막힘외의증상들도호전되었는데, 그이유는조직학적검사결과하비갑개의혈관과샘 (gland) 이감소했을뿐만아니라호산구와 IgE 또한감소하였기때문으로보고되었다. ) 본연구에서도코막힘을포함한모든비증상이유의하게호전되어알레르기비염에서하비갑개수술은효과적인치료법으로생각된다. 지금까지알레르기비염에반응이있는환자를대상으로약물치료와수술적치료를비교한연구는없었다. 약물에반응
6 Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ;():- 이없는환자에서는수술적치료를선택하기쉽지만, 약물에반응이좋은환자에서수술적치료를시행했을때실제환자의만족도는알려진바없어치료의선택이어렵다. 본연구결과를미루어볼때약물치료에반응이좋은경우라도수술적치료를시행하면수술 개월후에는모든알레르기비염증상이약물치료보다좋은결과를나타내었으므로, 이러한환자들에서도수술적치료를선택하는것또한좋은대안이될것으로보인다. 하지만수술후 년이지났을때에는코막힘만이약물치료를시행했을때보다호전되었고나머지증상들은약물치료와유의한차이를보이지않았으므로이러한점을환자에게충분히설명을할필요가있다. 또한, 년이지났을때.% 의환자들에서수술에만족하여재수술의사가있었고,.% 에서는수술적치료에부정적으로생각한결과를환자상담에이용하면치료선택에도움이될수있을것으로생각된다. 본연구의한계점으로, 약물치료에반응이좋은경우수술을원하는환자가많지않았기에본연구에포함된환자수가적었고, 후향적연구로수술후약물사용량을정확하게파악하지못하였다. 수술후약물사용량에대한정확한정보가있으면수술의효용성을판단하기에좀더도움이될수있었을것이다. 또한비록피부단자검사에서모든환자가집먼지진드기에서가장강한반응을나타내었고증상에계절적차이가거의없었지만, 화분에양성으로나온환자들이있었기에 결과에계절적영향을완전히배제하지는못할것으로보인다. 마지막으로, 비내시경검사외에음향비강통기도검사와같은객관적인검사결과가있으면치료결과판단에도움이되지만, 치료후증상이호전된경우수술후의검사를거부한환자가많아서분석에서제외하였다. 하지만, Ciprandi 등 ) 의연구에의하면 점수는비강압력계 (rhinomanometer) 결과와좋은신뢰도 (good reliability) 를나타내어 는알레르기비염정도를잘대변하였기에비강통기도검사결과가없지만연구결과가의미있을것으로생각된다. 앞으로이러한점을보완한전향적인후속연구가필요할것으로 보인다. REFERENCES ) Min YG. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic rhinitis. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ;():-. ) Di Rienzo Businco L, Di Rienzo Businco A, Lauriello M. Comparative study on the effectiveness of coblation-assisted turbinoplasty in allergic rhinitis. Rhinology ;():-. ) Lin HC, Lin PW, Su CY, Chang HW. Radiofrequency for the treatment of allergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy. Laryngoscope ;():-. ) Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA()LEN and AllerGen). Allergy ; Suppl :-. ) Yang TY, Hwang IK, Jung YG, Jang TY. Comparison of the effects of Laser-Assisted Conchotomy (LACON) and Coblation-Assisted Partial Turbinoplasty (CAPT) in allergic rhinitis. J Rhinol ;(): -. ) Friedman M, Tanyeri H, Lim J, Landsberg R, Caldarelli D. A safe, alternative technique for inferior turbinate reduction. Laryngoscope ;():-. ) Lin HC, Lin PW, Friedman M, Chang HW, Su YY, Chen YJ, et al. Long-term results of radiofrequency turbinoplasty for allergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ;():-. ) Choi SC, Lim DJ, Kang SH, Kim BH, Kim HS, Ahn JY. Inferior turbinate surgery for chronic hypertrophic rhinitis: comparison of three techniques. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ; ():-. ) Lee JS, Min HK, Kim NK, Oh HM, Son WS, Park BC. The long term efficacy of microdebrider assisted versus coblation assisted inferior turbinoplasty. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ; ():-. ) Coste A, Yona L, Blumen M, Louis B, Zerah F, Rugina M, et al. Radiofrequency is a safe and effective treatment of turbinate hypertrophy. Laryngoscope ;():-. ) Park CM, Kim JS. Coblation turbinate reduction in patient with nasal obstruction. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg ; ():-. ) Mori S, Fujieda S, Igarashi M, Fan GK, Saito H. Submucous turbinectomy decreases not only nasal stiffness but also sneezing and rhinorrhea in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy ;():-. ) Ciprandi G, Mora F, Cassano M, Gallina AM, Mora R. Visual analog scale () and nasal obstruction in persistent allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ;():-.
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