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1 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 11 호 pp J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol. 31, No. 11, pp ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) November 2014 / 백색광주사간섭계의측정속도개선을위한서브샘플링기법연구 Sub-sampling Technique to Improve the Measurement Speed of White Light Scanning Interferometry 천인범 1, 주기남 2, In-Bum Chyun 1 and Ki-Nam Joo 2, 1 조선대학교 LINC 사업단 (LINC, Chosun University) 2 조선대학교광기술공학과 (Department of Photonic Engineering, Chosun University) Corresponding author: knjoo@chosun.ac.kr, Tel: Manuscript received: / Revised: / Accepted: In this investigation, we explain the sub-sampling technique of white light scanning interferometry (WLSI) to improve the measurement speed. In addition to the previous work using Fourier domain analysis, several methods to extract the height from the correlogram of WLSI are described with the sub-sampling technique. Especially, Fourier-inverse Fourier transformation method adopting sub-sampling technique is proposed and the phase compensation technique is verified with simulation and experiments. The main advantage of sub-sampling is to speed up the measurements of WLSI but the precision such as repeatability is slightly poor. In case of measuring the sample which has high height step or difference, the proposed technique can be widely used to reduce the measurement time. Key Words: White light scanning interferometry ( 백색광주사간섭계 ), sub-sampling ( 서브샘플링 ), aliasing ( 에일리어싱 ), measurement speed ( 측정속도 ), Fourier transformation ( 푸리에변환 ) 기호설명 I = intensity of correlogram z = scanning distance h = height of a specimen g(h-z) = envelope function of a correlogram k c = wave number of the center wavelength (λc) u = spatial frequency δz = step size φ = phase of the filtered correlogram S = phase slope of the filtered correlogram according to scanning distance 1. 서론 백색광주사간섭계 (white light scanning interferometry, WLSI) 는기존의위상천이간섭계 (phase shifting interferometry) 와는달리 2π 모호성 Copyright C The Korean Society for Precision Engineering This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 11 호 pp November 2014 / 0 (ambiguity) 없이높이단차 (height step) 등을포함한측정대상물의 3차원형상 (3D surface profile) 을측정할수있기때문에, 1 공초점현미경 (confocal microscopy) 과함께현재반도체및 LCD 산업분야에서각요소부품및제품의기하학적형상에대한측정, 검사장비로활용되고있다. 또한, 마크로렌즈 (macro lens) 등을이용한대면적측정과간섭원리에따른높은분해능으로인해백색광주사간섭계는많은분야에서널리응용되고있다. 2 그러나백색광주사간섭계는기본적으로광축방향의주사 (scanning) 을통해간섭신호를획득하기때문에, 이에따른측정속도에한계를가진다. 이러한점에서공초점현미경역시측정속도에한계를가지지만, 공초점현미경은주사에따른광량의점확산함수 (point spread function) 를통해측정대상물의높이를측정하기때문에, 백색광주사간섭계에비해측정속도를높일수있는장점이있다. 반면, 공초점현미경은대면적을높은공간분해능으로측정하기위해매우정밀한미세구멍배열장치나마이크로렌즈배열 (micro-lens array) 의크기가증가해야하는한계로인해, 측정시스템의비용이상승하고또한측정영역확장에문제가있다. 한편, 백색광주사간섭계는대면적을측정함에있어공초점현미경과는달리특별한제약이따르지는않으나, 앞서이야기한대로광축방향의주사를통해간섭신호를획득해야한다는조건으로샘플링이론에의해측정속도가크게제한된다. 그러나최근에는각측정대상물의특징에따라시스템을최적화하는연구를통해이러한한계를극복하고있다. 특히, 측정대상이적층형웨이퍼 (stacked wafer) 인경우, 수십 µm에해당하는각층별 ball과 bump 등의높이, 형상검사와웨이퍼의패턴측정을실시간으로수행하기위해고속 CMOS 카메라의도입과 GPU 등을활용한실시간측정알고리즘구현연구가진행되었다. 3 또한, 측정신호의한주기내에두점이상을샘플링해야원래의신호를복원할수있다는 Nyquist 샘플링조건을벗어난서브샘플링기법 (sub-sampling technique) 을활용하여, 측정속도를개선하는연구가진행되었다. 4 그러나기존의서브샘플링에관한연구는푸리에영역해석 (Fourier domain analysis) 4 이라는특정한알고리즘에국한된것으로일반적인백색광주사간섭계의다른측정알고리즘에대한고려가부족한상황이다. Fig. 1 Correlogram of white light scanning interferometry 그래서본논문에서는일반적인백색광주사간섭계에서의서브샘플링기법에대한기본적인이론과여러측정알고리즘에서이를구현하기위한방법을제시한다. 특히, 푸리에 - 역푸리에변환 (Fourier-inverse Fourier transformation) 을통한포락선첨두검출 (envelope peak detection) 방법과위상정점검출 (phase peak detection) 방법에서서브샘플링기법을적용하는방법을제안하고, 시뮬레이션과실험을수행하여이를검증한다. 또한서브샘플링의효과와성능에대해논의한다. 2. 백색광주사간섭계에서의서브샘플링 2.1 백색광주사간섭계의최대샘플링간격백색광주사간섭계에서간섭신호 (correlogram) 는광원의파장분포, 사용하는대물렌즈의수치구경 (numerical aperture, NA), 측정대상물의반사시위상변화 (phase change) 등을고려해서나타내야하지만, 5 본연구에서는서브샘플링기법에초점을맞추고있기때문에, 간섭신호 (I(h)) 는수학적으로다음과같이보다간단하게나타낼수있다. Ih ( ) = I + gh ( z)cos[2 k( h z)] (1) 0 여기서 I 0 는배경광의광강도 (intensity) 를나타내며, h 는측정대상의높이, k c 는광원의중심파장에서의파수 (wave number) 를나타내며중심파장 (λ c ) 을이용하여 2π/λ c 로나타낼수있다. z 는백색광주사간섭계에서광축방향으로의이동량을나타내며, g(h-z) 는이때획득되는간섭신호의포락선함수 (envelope function) 를의미한다. 이때간섭신호는 Fig. 1 과같이나타나며, 포락선안의코사 c
3 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 11 호 pp November 2014 / 1 Intensity (A.U.) Axial scanning position (µm) Fig. 2 Distorted correlogram sample by 150 nm step size 인함수의주기는식 (1) 에서알수있듯이, 사용하는광원의중심파장과관계가있고이는일반적인반사식간섭계의경우, λ c /2 로나타낼수있다. 이때, Nyquist 샘플링이론에의해, 획득한측정신호로부터원래의신호를복원하기위해서는코사인함수의한주기내에서최소두점이상을획득해야한다. 이는백색광주사간섭계의최대측정간격을결정하게되는데, 이론적으로최대측정간격은 λ c /4 가된다. 예를들어, 550 nm 의중심파장을가지는광원을이용한백색광간섭계에서는최대측정간격은 nm 이다. 그러나이러한최대측정간격은단일파장의경우만을고려한것으로백색광주사간섭계와같이넓은파장분포를가지는광원을사용할경우에는파장분포를고려해야하기때문에최대측정간격이이보다좁아지게된다. 만약, 백색광주사간섭계에서측정간격이이러한최대측정간격보다커지게되면, 측정되는간섭신호는 Fig. 2 와같이원래의간섭신호와는다르게왜곡되는현상이발생하기때문에, 일반적으로백색광주사간섭계에서는최대측정간격보다작은간격으로간섭신호를획득하고이로인해측정속도가저해된다. 예를들어, 60 fps 의속도를가지는 CCD 카메라를이용하는백색광주사간섭계의경우, 20 µm 의스캔영역을 nm 의간격으로영상을획득하면측정시간은 3.3 초가소요된다. 2.2 측정알고리즘에따른서브샘플링서브샘플링방법은백색광주사간섭계에서 Nyquist 샘플링이론에근거한최대측정간격보다더큰간격으로간섭신호를획득한다. 이경우, 획득한간섭신호는원래의간섭신호와비교하여왜곡되는현상이발생하지만물리적으로광경로차이 (optical path difference, OPD) 가 0 에해당하는위치는변화하지않기때문에포락선첨두검출방법과위상정점검출방법등을이용하여측정대상물의높이정보를추출할수있는가능성을가진다. 게다가같은조건에서서브샘플링방법을이용하여측정간격을증가시키면측정시간을단축할수있다. 백색광주사간섭계에서서브샘플링방법의적용여부는측정알고리즘에따라결정된다. 일반적으로백색광주사간섭계의측정알고리즘인포락선첨두검출방법과위상정점검출방법은무게중심 (center of gravity), 6 위상천이 (phase shifting), 7 푸리에변환 (Fourier transformation) 4,8 등을이용하여구현되고있는데, 이중에서무게중심과위상천이를이용한방법은서브샘플링기법을적용하기에무리가따른다. 우선, 무게중심을이용한방법은간섭신호의포락선첨두검출방법에응용이되는데, 획득한간섭신호의위치에따른간섭신호의크기를적분하여간섭신호가가장크게나타나는위치를찾아내는방법이다. 그러나무게중심을이용하기위해서는측정된간섭신호가원래의간섭신호와비슷한모양을유지해야한다. 서브샘플링에의해획득한간섭신호가심하게왜곡될경우, 무게중심에의해계산되는포락선첨두위치는심한경우 µm 이상의오차를유발한다. 한편, 위상천이방법은백색광주사간섭계의간섭신호를기존의위상천이방법과같이정해진위상변화에따라획득하여높이를추출하는방법으로위상정점검출방법에이용된다. 그러나위상천이방법은정해진위상천이에따라간섭신호를획득해야하기때문에측정간격이제한된다. 즉, 서브샘플링을적용할경우, 정해진측정간격이외에는알고리즘적용이불가능하다. 이에반해, 푸리에영역해석 (Fourier domain analysis, FDA) 방법과푸리에 - 역푸리에변환 (Fourier-inverse Fourier transformation) 으로구분되는푸리에변환에근거한측정방법은위의두방법에비해서브샘플링기법을적용하기에유연성을가지고있다 푸리에영역해석의서브샘플링푸리에영역해석법 4 은 P. de Groot 가개발한백색광주사간섭계의간섭신호해석법으로간섭
4 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 11 호 pp November 2014 / 2 Fig. 3 Procedure of Fourier domain analysis 신호를푸리에변환하여얻은푸리에위상 (Fourier phase) 에서공간주파수 (spatial frequency) 에대한위상의기울기를통해간섭신호의포락선첨두를추출한다. 이와더불어, 공간주파수상의위상정보를이용하여위상정점도검출할수있기때문에백색광주사간섭계에서널리사용되고있다. 식 (1) 의간섭신호를푸리에변환하게되면다음과같이나타낼수있다. 1 iu ( ) = iδ( u) + Gu ( + u)exp( 2 πiuh) Gu ( u0 )exp( 2 πiuh ) 2 여기서 u 는푸리에변환을통한공간주파수를의미하며, u 0 는코사인함수의공간주파수인 k c /2π 를나타낸다. G(u) 는 g(z) 의푸리에변환결과이다. 식 (2) 에서의미있는부분은오른쪽의세번째수식으로이부분만을필터링해서살펴보면, 높이 h 는 u 0 근처의위상정보로부터 u 에대한위상기울기를계산하고, 이를 -2π 로나누면얻어진다 ( 포락선첨두검출방법 ). 또한, u 0 를알고있기때문에 u 0 에서의위상을얻은후, -2πu 0 로나누어주면마찬가지로 h 를계산할수있다. ( 위상정점검출방법 ) Fig. 3 은푸리에영역해석법의과정을나타내고있다. 그러나간섭신호가서브샘플링을통해획득되면, 푸리에영역에서간섭신호의공간주파수가달라지는현상이발생하여알고리즘적용이어려워질것으로생각되지만, 실제로공간주파수에따른위상기울기는달라지지않을뿐만아니라 u 0 에서의위상역시달라지지않는다. 그이유는측정간격변화에따른공간주파수의변화량과 (2) Fig. 4 Procedure of Fourier inverse Fourier transformation method 위상의변화량이정확히일치하기때문이다. 이로인하여푸리에영역해석법에서는서브샘플링과관계없이측정알고리즘적용이가능하다 푸리에 - 역푸리에변환방법의서브샘플링백색광주사간섭계에서푸리에 - 역푸리에변환방법 8 은기본적으로푸리에영역해석법과유사하나, 푸리에변환을통해얻는식 (2) 의오른쪽세번째수식을필터링하여추가적으로역푸리에변환을수행하는부분이다르다. 이때, 필터링된광강도 (I F (z)) 는다음과같이표현할수있다. I ( h) = g( h z)exp[ i2 k ( h z)] (3) F 식 (3) 을살펴보면 I F 의절대값은간섭신호의포락선함수를의미하므로, 이를통해포락선첨두를검출할수있다. 또한, Fig. 4 에서알수있듯이 I F 의포락선첨두근처에서위상을살펴보면, 위상이 0 이되는위치에서위상정점검출이가능해진다. 그러나서브샘플링방법을적용할경우, 푸리에 - 역푸리에방법은원래결과와는다른특징을보인다. 비록, 필터링된광강도의포락선은원래신호의그것과유사한분포를보이기때문에포락선첨두검출방법은사용할수있으나, 위상의경우위상정점의위치가변하게되어기존의방법으로는추출이어렵다. Fig. 5 는푸리에 - 역푸리에방법에서 I F 의위상을원래의신호 ( 검정 ) 와서브샘플링된신호 ( 빨강 ) 로비교하여나타내고있다. 이때, 위상은 unwrapping 과정전의위상으로 -π 와 c
5 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 11 호 pp November 2014 / 3 Fig. 5 Wrapped phase of a filtered WLSI correlogram by the normal sampling and the sub-sampling; due to the aliasing, the zero crossing position of the sub-sampled phase is different from the original position π 상이의값을가지는주기함수로표현된다. Fig. 5 에서알수있듯이, 서브샘플링된신호는위상의기울기가원래위상의기울기와달라지기때문에위상정점의위치가달라지는현상이발생한다. 이를해결하기위해서브샘플링된위상의기울기와포락선첨두근처의위상은다음과같은방법을통해보정할수있다. φ m ( ) = φ (4) 1 m Sm = ( m+ 1) * π / δz SO m is an odd number = mπ / δz+ S m is an even number O 여기서 φ c 와 φ m 은보정전, 후의포락선첨두근처의위상을나타내고 S 0 와 S m 은보정전, 후의위상기울기를의미한다. δz 는백색광주사간섭계에서간섭신호를획득하는측정간격을나타내며, m 은서브샘플링에의해발생하는에일리어싱 (aliasing) 의횟수로서브샘플링측정간격을 Nyquist 샘플링이론에의해결정되는최대측정간격으로나눈값의정수를표현한다. 즉, 에일리어싱이발생하게되면임의의점에서의위상은원래신호의위상과부호가달라지는현상이발생하게되는데, 홀수번발생하는경우는식 (4) 와같이음의부호를, 짝수번발생하는경우는다시양의부호를가지게된다. 또한위상기울기의경우, 에일리어싱이발생하면측정간격에따른위상기울기가이웃하는측정점사이의최대위상기울기 c (5) Fig. 6 Phase and slope modification of sub-sampled phase (2π/δz) 에의해바뀌게되고이를보정하기위해식 (5) 를적용한다. Fig. 6 는에일리어싱이홀수번발생하는경우, 위상을보정하는과정을나타낸다. 포락선근처에서획득한위상은홀수번에일리어싱이발생하였기때문에음의부호를가지게되고, 위상기울기는식 (5) 를통해보정되어위상이 0 이되는지점은원래신호와동일함을알수있다. 3. 시뮬레이션 본논문에서제안한푸리에 - 역푸리에방법을이용한서브샘플링기법을검증하기위해시뮬레이션을수행하였다. 시뮬레이션은한점에대해수행하였으며, 광원으로는 500 nm 600 nm 의가우시안분포 (Gaussian distribution) 를가지는녹색 LED 를, 측정높이는 20 µm, 백색광주사간섭계의측정간격은 50 nm 에서 1 µm 까지 1 nm 씩증가시키면서결과를도출하였다. 이때, 광원의중심파장으로인해최대측정간격은 550/4=137.5 nm 이며, 측정간격이최대측정간격보다클경우에일리어싱이발생하였다. 식 (4) 와 (5) 의 m 은 ( 측정간격 /137.5 nm) 의정수부로결정하였다. Fig. 7(a) 와 (b) 는각각일반적인푸리에 - 역푸리에방법을이용하여포락선첨두검출과위상정점검출에의한높이결과를보여주고있으며, Fig. 7(c) 와 (d) 는보정방법을적용한결과들을나타낸다. Fig. 7(a) 와 (c) 에서알수있듯이, 포락선첨두검출방법의경우, 별다른차이없이 20 µm 의높이를추출할수있다. 그러나측정간격이최대측정간격의정수배에해당하게되면, 높이결과가큰오차를보이고있음을알수있다. 이는광원이 nm 의스펙트럼폭을가지고있기때문에발생하는현상으로이를해결하기위해서는측정간격을결정할때, 137.5
6 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 11 호 pp November 2014 / 4 (a) 것이불가능하다. 그러나본논문에서제안한보정방법을사용할경우, Fig. 7(d) 와같이에일리어싱이후에도 20 µm 의높이를추출할수있었으며이를통해제안한방법으로백색광주사간섭계에서서브샘플링기법을이용할수있음을확인하였다. 참고로일반적인백색광주사간섭계에서포락선첨두검출방법에비해위상정점추출방법이더높은분해능을가지는데, 이는시스템내에서발생하는광량잡음에의한영향이다. 본시뮬레이션에서는서브샘플링효과에초점을맞추었기때문에, 잡음이없는상황에대해시뮬레이션을수행하였으며, 그결과 Fig. 7(c)-(d) 와같이두알고리즘의높이결과는유사하였다. 4. 실험결과및논의 (b) (c) (d) Fig. 7 Simulation results by (a) Intensity envelope peak detection, (b) Phase peak detection of the normal algorithm, (c) and (d) are counterparts of (a) and (b) using the proposed sub-sampling technique nm 에서 25 nm (500/4 =125 nm 와 600/4=150 nm 사이 ) 의간격은피해야한다. 그리고그간격은에일리어싱횟수에따라비례적으로증가한다. 한편, 위상정점추출방법의경우 Fig. 7(b) 와같이일반적인푸리에 - 역푸리에방법은에일리어싱이처음발생한이후에는높이결과를추출하는 제안한방법을실험적으로검증하기위해 20 배배율을가지는미라우 (Mirau) 백색광주사간섭계를구성하였다. 사용한광원은 650 nm 대역의적색 LED 로가간섭거리는 12 µm 이며, 중심파장을통해계산한간섭계의최대측정간격은 650/4=162.5 nm 였다. 광축방향의주사는 PZT 스테이지를사용하여 20 µm 의거리를정밀하게구동하였다. 측정대상으로는평면거울을사용하였으며, 60 fps 의속도를가지는 CCD 카메라의 (320x240) 픽셀영역에서측정을수행하였다. 포락선첨두검출방법은앞서설명한것과같이일반적인방법의적용이가능할뿐아니라위상정점검출방법에비해분해능및정밀도가나쁘기때문에본실험에서는위상정점검출방법만을이용하여형상을측정하였다. Fig. 8 은측정간격에따른평면거울의표면형상을나타낸다. Fig. 8(a) 는측정간격이최대측정간격 (162.5 nm) 보다작은경우로일반적인푸리에 - 역푸리에변환방법을이용하여위상정점검출을통해획득한형상을보여준다. 간섭신호는가간섭거리내에서매우촘촘하게측정되었으며 10 번반복측정결과형상의반복능 ( 형상에대한표준편차의평균값 ) 은 0.45 nm 였다. Fig. 8(b)-(e) 는서브샘플링기법을이용하여측정한결과로측정시편의형상이 Fig. 8(a) 와유사하게측정됨을확인하였다. Fig. 8(b) 는측정간격이 230 nm 로에일리어싱이 1 번발생한경우이며, 이때반복능은 1.0 nm 였다. Fig. 8(c)-(e) 는각각 412 nm, 540 nm, 720 nm 측정간격으로에일리어싱이 2 번, 3 번, 4 번발생한경우
7 한국정밀공학회지 제 31 권 11 호 pp November 2014 / 5 (nm) (nm) 6 2 ) l e x i P ( 0 Y X (Pixel) (a) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Fig. 8 Measurement results with the step sizes of (a) 60 nm, (b) 230 nm, (c) 412 nm, (d) 540 nm and (e) 720 nm. The inlets present each correlogram 들이며, 이때 반복능은 1.35 nm, 1.97 nm, 2.70 nm로 계산되었다. 실험에서 이들 측정 간격은 광원의 스펙트럼 폭에 의해 측정이 불가능한 지점을 제외 l) e ix 0 P ( Y X (Pixel) (b) Fig. 9 Comparison of height maps reconstructed by (a) FT-IFT and (b) FDA using sub-sampling technique with 412 nm step size 한 측정 간격 영역에서 임의로 선택하였다. Fig. 8 을 살펴보면 서브 샘플링 기법에 의해 간섭 신호 가 왜곡되어 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있으며, 서 브 샘플링의 정도가 심할 수록 반복능이 점차 나 빠지는 결과를 알 수 있다. 이는 측정 데이터의 수가 감소하는 현상으로 인해 잡음 제거 효과가 저하되어 발생하는 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 측정 시간은 Fig. 8(a)의 경우 5.6초 (20 µm/60 nm/60 fps)가 소요되었으며 Fig. 8(b)-(e)는 각 각 1.5초, 0.8초, 0.6초, 0.5초 소요되어 서브샘플링 기법을 통해 백색광 주사 간섭계의 측정 속도가 개선됨을 확인하였다. 이와 더불어, 형상을 계산하 는 소프트웨어의 계산 속도도 측정 데이터의 감소 로 인해 향상됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 측정 결과를 기존의 푸리에 영역 해석법 에 기초한 서브 샘플링 기법과 비교한 결과 측정 간격이 412 nm의 경우, Fig. 9와 같이 유사한 형상 을 획득하였으며, 다른 측정 간격에서도 이와 같 은 결과를 얻었다. 이때, 두 형상 사이의 근소한 차이는 측정 알고리즘의 차이로 인해 발생하였다. 실험 결과에서 알 수 있듯이, 서브 샘플링 기 법을 이용하면 기존의 백색광 주사 간섭계에서 간 섭 신호를 획득하는 시간과 계산 시간을 단축할 수 있기 때문에 측정 속도를 향상시킬 수 있지만, 그에 반해 측정 정밀도는 나빠지는 현상이 발생한 다. 또한, 서브 샘플링 기법은 기본적으로 가간섭 거리가 긴 광원을 사용해야 하기 때문에, 측정 시 편의 형상 및 단차가 비교적 큰 경우에 장점이 있 다. 이는 일반적으로 백색광 주사 간섭계에서 안 정적이고 성공적인 측정을 위해 가간섭 거리만큼 의 거리를 주사 거리에 포함시키기 때문이다. 그 래서 광원의 가간섭 거리보다 작은 형상 차이를 보이는 시편의 경우에는 서브 샘플링 기법을 적용 하는 것이 오히려 측정 속도를 저해할 수 있다.
8 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 11 호 pp November 2014 / 6 5. 결론 본논문에서는백색광주사간섭계에서의서브샘플링기법에대한기본적인이론과여러측정알고리즘에서이를구현하기위한방법을설명하였다. 특히, 푸리에 - 역푸리에위상정점검출방법에서서브샘플링기법을적용하는방법을제안하고, 시뮬레이션과실험을수행하여이를검증하였다. 그결과제안한방법이성공적으로적용됨을확인하였으며, 반복능이저하되는한계가있지만측정속도가월등히향상되는것을확인하였다. 또한서브샘플링의효과와성능, 수행조건에대해논의하였다. letters, Vol. 17, No. 9, pp , Sandoz, P., An Algorithm for Profilometry by White-light Phase-shifting Interferometry, Journal of modern optics, Vol. 43, No. 8, pp , Chim, S. S. and Kino, G. S., Phase Measurements using the Mirau Correlation Microscope, Applied optics, Vol. 30, No. 16, pp , 후기 본결과물은교육과학기술부의재원으로한국연구재단의지원을받아수행된산학협력선도대학 (LINC) 육성사업의기술개발결과입니다. REFERENCES 1. Flournoy, P., McClure, R., and Wyntjes, G., Whitelight Interferometric Thickness Gauge, Applied optics, Vol. 11, No. 9, pp , You, J. and Kim, S.-W., Optical Inspection of Complex Patterns of Microelectronics Products, CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp , You, J., Kim, Y. J., and Kim, S. W., Gpu accelerated White Light Scanning Interferometer for Large-Area, High Speed Surface Profile Measurements, Int. Journal of Nanomanufacturing, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp , de Groot, P. and Deck, L., Three-dimensional Imaging by Sub-Nyquist Sampling of White-Light Interferograms, Optics letters, Vol. 18, No. 17, pp , P de Groot, P. and Colonna de Lega, X., Signal Modeling for Low-Coherence Height-Scanning Interference Microscopy, Applied optics, Vol. 43, No. 25, pp , Dändliker, R., Zimmermann, E., and Frosio, G., Electronically Scanned White-Light Interferometry: A Novel Noise-Resistant Signal Processing, Optics
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한국정밀공학회지제 3 권 7 호 pp. 605-63 J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 605-63 ISSN 5-907(Print), ISSN 87-8769(Online) July 04 / 605 http://dx.doi.org/0.7736/kspe.04.3.7.605 자유곡면형상측정을위한백색광주사간섭계의정확도향상및시스템오차분석
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