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1 ( ) ( )

2 Outline Prologue (reductionism) (emergence) (2004) ( ), Brain and Mind Epilogue 2

3 Prologue Edward Wilson (reductionism)

4 Prologue (reductionism) (emergence) (Q)? (Q) touch? 4

5 Prologue 소립자에서 우주까지 scale에 따라 나타나는 현상들 우주론 천체물리 지구물리 고체물리 생물물리 원자물리 핵물리, 입자물리 5

6 (mind) (brain), (consciousness), /,, ( )??? 6

7 Manifesto 2004 (2004) : : :. 10 Memorandum 10.. Manifesto. 7

8 (Q)? (superconductor) ( BCS, 1972 ) 8

9 (Q)? 5% (matter) 27% (dark matter), 68% (dark energy)..,. 9

10 vs. ( ) Big-Bang?? 10

11 Technical Univ. of Chania, Crete, Greece 11

12 vs. ( ) Big-Bang?? 12

13 vs. ( ) Big-Bang?? 13

14 . - (assumption)... 14

15 truly fundamental? The fundamental fermions The nucleus is ten thousand times smaller than the atom and the quarks and electrons are at least ten thousand times smaller than that. Particle Flavor Q/ e We don't know exactly how small quarks and electrons are; they are definitely smaller than leptons meters, and they might literally be points, but we do not know. quarks It is also possible that quarks and electrons # % # # 0 e &!" e! " are not fundamental after all, and will turn out to be made up of other, more fundamental particles. (Oh, will this madness ever end?) u c t +2/3 d s b!"#$ 1st 2nd 3rd generations 15

16 (quark) ( ) (quark). (Gell-Mann & Zweig, ~1964)

17 vs. ( ) Big-Bang?? ( ). 17

18 (sub-atomic).. 95%. (W. Heisenberg)..,, (non-deterministic). ( ), ( ). 18

19 The Brain and Mind 19

20 ? ( ) Google Chrome,, (dual-aspect monism) (consciousness)??? (deterministic)? 20

21 ( ) 21

22 ? 22

23 ? 1971 Ilya Prigogine (dynamical). 1 (10 11 )

24 ~F = m d2 ~x dt 2 F F = mg x(t) =x 0 + v 0 t at2 x 0 : 0 (at t =0) X v 0 : 0 (at t =0) çƒ..? 24

25 mechanical philosophy - ( ) ( ). 25

26 (omniscient calculator) (with exact knowledge of the state of the universe). ( ) 26

27 (deterministic world view). (~10 27 ).,? 27

28 28

29 29

30 - chaos. 30

31 x p ~/ (SI) p = mv p Δx = 0 W. Heisenberg ( ) 31

32 ? (Gödel).,. >, /..? (R. Penrose) 32

33 Penrose Roger Penrose Emperor s New Mind..,. ( >, ) Roger Penrose (1931 ~ ) Oxford Wolf Prize S. Hawking

34 Microtubule Tubulin (dimers) 13. : Tubulin. :, Tubulin. : Hameroff homepage Sunghyon Kyeong (Yonsei University) Neuroscience 101: Neurobiology of the mind p 22 ( ). 34

35 Microtubule.,,. Christof Koch, Patricia S. Churchland, Marvin Minsky, Paul Thagard, Steven Weinstein..,,,.. Sunghyon Kyeong (Yonsei University) Neuroscience 101: Neurobiology of the mind p 23 ( ). 35

36 PHYSICAL REVIEW E VOLUME 61, NUMBER 4 APRIL 2000 Importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes Max Tegmark* Institute for Advanced Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, New Jersey and Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Received 6 July 1999 Based on a calculation of neural decoherence rates, we argue that the degrees of freedom of the human brain that relate to cognitive processes should be thought of as a classical rather than quantum system, i.e., that there is nothing fundamentally wrong with the current classical approach to neural network simulations. We find that the decoherence time scales ( s) are typically much shorter than the relevant dynamical time scales ( s), both for regular neuron firing and for kinklike polarization excitations in microtubules. This conclusion disagrees with suggestions by Penrose and others that the brain acts as a quantum computer, and that quantum coherence is related to consciousness in a fundamental way. PACS number s : Aa, d, j, Sn Tegmark I. INTRODUCTION In most current mainstream biophysics research on cognitive processes, the brain is modeled as a neural network puter. This idea has been further elaborated employing string theory methods The make-or-break issue for all these quantum models is whether the relevant degrees of freedom of the brain can be,. 36

37 Penrose VOLUME 91, NUMBER 13 P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S week ending 26 SEPTEMBER 2003 Towards Quantum Superpositions of a Mirror William Marshall, 1,2 Christoph Simon, 1 Roger Penrose, 3,4 and Dik Bouwmeester 1,2 1 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom 2 Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA 3 Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA 4 Department of Mathematics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, United Kingdom (Received 30 September 2002; published 23 September 2003; publisher error corrected 25 September 2003) We propose an experiment for creating quantum superposition states involving of the order of atoms via the interaction of a single photon with a tiny mirror. This mirror, mounted on a high-quality mechanical oscillator, is part of a high-finesse optical cavity which forms one arm of a Michelson interferometer. By observing the interference of the photon only, one can study the creation and decoherence of superpositions involving the mirror. A detailed analysis of the requirements shows that the experiment is within reach using a combination of state-of-the-art technologies. DOI: /PhysRevLett PACS numbers: Ta, Yz, Ct Introduction. In 1935 Schrödinger pointed out that according to quantum mechanics even macroscopic systems can be in superposition states [1]. The associated. into a superposition of states corresponding to two distinct locations of the mirror. The observed interference of the photon allows one to study the creation of coherent 37

38 / main-stream. /.,.,

39 Epilogue (Big Bang)., ( )? 39

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<B3EDB9AEC1FD5F3235C1FD2E687770> 오용록의 작품세계 윤 혜 진 1) * 이 논문은 생전( 生前 )에 학자로 주로 활동하였던 오용록(1955~2012)이 작곡한 작품들을 살펴보고 그의 작품세계를 파악하고자 하는 것이다. 한국음악이론이 원 래 작곡과 이론을 포함하였던 초기 작곡이론전공의 형태를 염두에 둔다면 그의 연 구에서 기존연구의 방법론을 넘어서 창의적인 분석 개념과 체계를 적용하려는