DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "DBPIA-NURIMEDIA"

Transcription

1 ISSN(print) (2): , June 2017 < 초청논문 > Effect of Aberrations and Contrast Sensitivity due to the Amount of Astigmatism on Vision Bong-Hwan Kim*, Seon-Hee Han, Seon-Mi Park, A-Hyeon Jeon, Hee-Moon Park, Jae-Hwan Yoo, and Seung-Hee Ryu Dept. of Optometry, Choonhae College of Health Science, Ulsan 44965, Korea (Received April 28, 2017: Revised June 1, 2017: Accepted June 21, 2017) Purpose: This study was the effect of aberrations and contrast sensitivity due to the amount of astigmatism on vision. Methods: 44 patients (males: 29, females: 15) of the mean age 21.0(±1.2) years without ocular disease were examined. The aberration was measured with a Wave-Front Analyzer KR-1W(TOPCON) instrument and the contrast sensitivity was measured with a Contrast Sensitivity Chart (HDC-9000N/PF, Huvitz). Results: High-order aberrations showed a significant difference with increasing astigmatism, and were not significantly different by differences of astigmatism axis. Contrast sensitivity was a significantly different according to the amount of astigmatism but it was not significant according to the astigmatism axis. Contrast sensitivity in astigmatism correction also was significantly different between spherical equivalent(s.e) correction and correction by cylinder lenses. Contrast sensitivity in same spatial frequency was also significantly different between SE correction and correction by cylinder lenses. Conclusions: The contrast sensitivity was affected by the amount of astigmatism and the astigmatic correction method. The contrast sensitivity was not influenced by the astigmatism axis. And it needs to improve the quality of vision by raising the contrast sensitivity with accurate astigmatism correction. Key words: Astigmatism, High-order aberrations, Contrast sensitivity, Astigmatism axis, Astigmatic correction, Vision 서론난시란외계의물점에서나온광선이안광학계에의해서굴절한후안내에서점결상을하지않고전초선, 최소착란원, 후초선으로결상되는눈의이상상태를말한다. [1] 난시가있으면눈이쉽게피로하고머리가아프고눈에충혈도생기며심하면메스껍기도하다. 즉안정피로증상이흔히나타난다. [2] 고위수차는시력의질적인부분을방해하는중요한요인이되므로고위수차의측정은시력의질적인부분을설명하는데많이사용되고있으며지금까지고위수차의상관관계와관련된많은연구결과들이발표되고있다. [3,4] 수차의측정방식은 Hartmann-Shack 방식, Tscherning or Ray tracing 방식, Automated retinoscopy 방식을이용한방법으로나뉜다. 최근많이사용되고있는 Hartmann- Shack 방식은불투명한원판에많은구멍을뚫어서미소렌즈 (microlens) 를집결시킨렌스릿배열 (lenslit array) 을시켜이들구멍을통해여러광선다발로평행한광선이 망막을향해직진하고, 망막을반사한광선이다시되돌아왔을때, 망막을향한빛과망막을통해나온빛의어긋남을이용해왜곡된파면을만들수있게된다. 고위수차는이어긋남을제르니케 (zernike) 다항식을이용해계산을해서수치화한것을이용하여측정된다. 고위수차는저위수차와다르게안경이나콘택트렌즈로교정이되지않는다고알려져있으며각막과수정체에의해대부분생겨나게되며우리눈의모든수차중 15% 정도를차지한다. [5,6] 대비감도 (contrast sensitivity) 는시체계에서하나의물체와그배경사이를구별할수있는능력으로정의하고있다. 우리가보는물체는주변의배경과다양한대비를이루고있으며환경이나눈의질환등의요인에의해보이는선명도가달라진다. 따라서낮은대비나다양한공간주파수에대한시력검사가필요하므로대비감도검사를시행한다. [7] 공간대비는형태나물체의존재를묘사하는상의경계나모서리의밝고어두움의이행에대한물리적크기이다. 대비감도는사람이시표를보는데얼마만큼의대비가요구되는지측정하는것을말한다. 대비감도의측 *Corresponding author: Bong-Hwan Kim, TEL: , bhkim@ch.ac.kr 본논문의일부내용은 2015년도한국안광학회창립20주년기념학술대회에서포스터로발표되었음. 159

2 160 Bong-Hwan Kim, Seon-Hee Han, Seon-Mi Park, A-Hyeon Jeon, Hee-Moon Park, Jae-Hwan Yoo, and Seung-Hee Ryu 정은시력측정과다르다. 시력은매우좋은상태에서시체계분해능의측정이고반면에대비감도는시표를보기위한대비역치의측정이다. 오늘날대비감도를측정하기위한가장일반적인방법은벽에걸수있는시표를기반으로한시스템이다. 이들시표는 sine-wave 격자나문자로이루어진시표로구성된다. [8] 본연구에서는저위수차인난시도와고위수차의상관관계를알아보고, 난시도를등가구면굴절력으로교정했을때와완전교정했을때의대비감도를비교하여시력의질을평가하고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상본연구에참여한피검자는부산, 울산, 경남지역에거주하는대학생중전신질환과정신질환및안질환등의과거와현재병력이없고, 양안교정시력이 0.8 미만이거나 2.00 D 이상의부등시가아니며, 시력교정수술을시행하지않은사람들을대상으로문진및설문조사를시행하였다. 사전에대상자들에게본연구의취지를설명하고동의하에 44명 [ 남자 29명, 여자 15명, 평균나이 21.0(±1.2) 세 ] 의 88안중각막 6.0 mm의수차량이측정되지않은 21안은제외하고 67안을비교분석하였다. 2. 방법실험하기전에난시에대한인식과눈의피로정도를사전설문조사하였으며실험에사용된기기로는 Wave- Front Analyzer KR-1W(TOPCON) 를사용하였다. 눈전체의수차량과각막의수차량은측정기기에설정된 4.0 mm 와 6.0 mm의동공영역에서측정하였다. Contrast Sensitivity Chart(HDC-9000N/PF, Huvitz) 를사용하여 1.5, 3, 5, 8, 13 cycle/degree에서난시도에대한등가구면굴절력교정과난시의완전교정으로대비감도를측정하였다. 시력교정은시험테를이용하였다. 3. 통계처리자료분석을위해 SPSS(Version 18.0) 를이용하여빈도분석과기술통계를실시하였고, 유의수준값을유의확률 0.05이하의경우에통계적으로유의하다고하였다. 2) 시력교정설문에참여한 44명중 29명은시력교정을했으며 15 명은시력교정을하지않았다. 시력교정을한비율은 67.35% 이며교정을하지않은비율은 32.65% 를차지했다. 3) 시력교정을한사람중난시교정의비율시력교정을한사람중난시교정을한사람은 16명이며난시교정을하지않은사람은 13명으로난시교정한사람의비율은 54.55% 이며난시교정하지않은사람은 45.45% 를차지했다. 시력이떨어지는사람의절반이상이난시를가진사람으로조사되었다. 과학의발달과함께달라지는시생활환경즉컴퓨터나스마트폰등의잦은사용으로시력이저하되고있으며 [9] 고등학생의 50%, 대학생의 70% 가시력이상자로나타나고있고해마다증가할것으로보고되고있다. [10] 2. 난시도에따른수차량의비교난시의정도에따라그룹을나누어비교분석하였다. I그룹은난시량이 0.00 ~ 0.74 D, II그룹은 0.75 ~ 1.99 D, III그룹은 2.00 D 이상인안구로분류하였다. I그룹은 25안, II그룹은 30안, III그룹은 12안으로총 67안에대해동공영역 4 mm, 6 mm에서의눈전체수차량과각막수차량을비교하였다 (Fig. 1). 동공영역 4 mm에서난시량이높아짐에따라눈전체의수차량과각막수차량이증가함을보였다. 동공영역 6 mm에서도난시도이증가함에따라수차량이증가하였으며이것은통계적으로유의한값을나타냈다 (Table 1). 일반적으로고위수차의양이저위수차의양보다상대적으로매우작기때문에전체적인수차가저위수차에의해좌우된다고하였다. [11] 본연구의결과도저위수차인난시도에따라고위수차가높아짐을알수있다. 3. 난시축에따른수차량의비교난시도뿐만아니라난시축에따른수차량의비교도함께실시하였다. 난시축의방향에따라서도난시 (180±15 ), 직난시 (90±15 ), 사난시 (45±30 ) 로구분하였다. 도난시 결과및고찰 1. 연구대상자설문조사결과 1) 남녀비율설문에참여한 44명중남자 29명, 여자 15명으로남자의비율은 67.35% 이며여자의비율은 32.65% 를차지했다. Fig. 1. Aberration of full-eye and cornea according to astigmatism in the pupil region 4 mm, 6 mm.

3 Effect of Aberrations and Contrast Sensitivity due to the Amount of Astigmatism on Vision 161 Table 1. Aberration of full-eye and cornea according to astigmatism in the pupil region 4 mm, 6 mm Pupil size 4 mm 6 mm I II III p value Eye Cornea Eye Cornea Eye Cornea Eye Cornea (±0.047) (±0.124) (±0.044) (±0.107) (±0.054) (±0.195) (±0.063) (±0.151) (±0.140) (±0.472) (±0.103) (±0.136) Table 2. Aberration of full-eye and cornea according to astigmatic axis in the pupil region 4 mm, 6 mm Pupil size 4 mm 6 mm Against the rule astigmatism With the rule astigmatism Oblique astigmatism p value Eye Cornea Eye Cornea Eye Cornea Eye Cornea (±0.025) (±0.024) (±0.037) (±0.130) (±0.098) (±0.293) (±0.08) (±0.128) (±0.049) (±0.176) (±0.066) (±0.169) Table 3. Contrast sensitivity between spherical equivalent (S.E) and full vision correction (F.V) according to astigmatism cpd I II III p value S.E F.V S.E F.V S.E F.V S.E F.V (±0.409) (±0.338) (±0.337) (±3.757) (±11.135) (±0.202) (±0.139) (±0.454) (±1.695) (±17.183) (±0.391) (±1.917) (±3.705) (±11.178) (±27.120) (±0.248) (±0.338) (±0.781) (±11.129) (±26.421) (±9.939) (±7.968) (±19.772) (±33.483) (± (±1.520) (±3.305) (±6.802) (±8.866) (±39.669) (against the rule astigmatism) 4안, 직난시 (with the rule astigmatism) 46안, 사난시 (oblique astigmatism) 17안으로총 67안을비교분석하였고직난시의대상자가많음을확인할수있었다. 난시축에따라동공영역 4 mm, 6 mm일때의수차량을비교해보았을때이들통계값사이에서는유의한값을얻지못하였지만도난시에서사난시, 직난시로갈수록수차량이증가함을알수있었다. 눈전체의수차량과각막수차량이난시축과는유의하지않음을알수있었다 (Table 2). 4. 난시량에따른등가구면굴절력교정과완전교정시대비감도앞서난시축에따라비교한눈전체와각막의고위수차에서는상관성을얻을수없었으나난시도의증가로인한고위수차는유의한통계값을얻었다. 눈전체고위 수차 (4 mm, p<0.000, 6 mm, p<0.019), 각막고위수차 (4 mm, p<0.000, 6 mm, p<0.030) 는난시도가높아짐에따라증가하였다. 이에따라서저위수차인난시도를등가구면교정과완전교정을통하여시력의질을평가하는대비감도와의연관성을알아보았다 (Table 3). 1) 난시도에따른등가구면교정시대비감도비교난시도를등가구면으로교정했을경우의 I그룹, II그룹, 그리고 III그룹을비교해보면 1.5, 3, 5, 8, 13 cpd에서난시도가낮을때 (I그룹) 대비감도가높고난시도가높을때 (III그룹) 대비감도가낮아지며통계적으로유의한값을보였다 (Fig. 2). 2) 난시도에따른난시교정시대비감도비교난시를완전교정하였을경우 I그룹, II그룹, 그리고 III그룹을비교해보면 5 cpd 이하의낮은영역에서는큰차이없

4 162 Bong-Hwan Kim, Seon-Hee Han, Seon-Mi Park, A-Hyeon Jeon, Hee-Moon Park, Jae-Hwan Yoo, and Seung-Hee Ryu Fig. 2. Contrast sensitivity according to astigmatism with spherical equivalent correction. Fig. 3. Contrast sensitivity according to astigmatism with full vision correction. 이대비감도가높게나타나지만 8 cpd 이상의높은영역에서는큰차이로대비감도가낮아짐을알수있다 (Fig. 3). 3) 동일한난시도을갖는그룹에서의등가구면교정과난시교정시대비감도비교 1 I그룹난시가적은그룹에서는일반적으로난시교정을하지않으나비교값을얻기위해 0.50 D 단위의난시교정을등가구면굴절력으로교정하였다. 평소에난시교정을하지않았으므로오히려등가구면굴절력으로처방했을때더편안했으며난시교정을했을때더불편함을호소하는경우가있었다. 그래서 13 cpd에서는구면보정했을때오히려대비감도가높아졌다 (Fig. 4(a)). Fig. 4. Contrast sensitivity between spherical equivalent and full vision correction according to similar astigmatism. 나타났다. 하지만 13 cpd에서대비감도가급격히낮아짐을알수있다. 난시도가높을경우눈에미치는수차량도많지만대비감도도떨어져시력의질이많이낮아짐을알수있다. 등가구면값으로교정했을때와난시를완전교정했을때의대비감도를비교하면완전교정하였을때의대비감도가더좋은것으로나타났다. 2 II그룹 II그룹은난시의완전교정효과가잘나타나는그룹이었다. Fig. 4(b) 에나타나있는것처럼중등도난시는난시교정을함으로써등가구면굴절력으로교정했을때보다대비감도가높아짐을알수있었다. 특히공간주파수가 1.5, 3, 5, 8, 13 cpd로변화함에따라난시교정을하였을때대비감도가높음을알수있다. 3 III그룹 Fig. 4(c) 에서는난시를교정하였을때대비감도가높게 5. 난시축에따른등가구면굴절력교정과완전교정시대비감도도난시, 사난시, 직난시순으로대비감도가낮아지는결과를볼수있다. 하지만난시축에따른대비감도의변화는유의한상관관계가나타나지않았다 (Table 4). 일반적으로시력검사는높은대비의시기능만검사할수있는반면대비감도검사는다양한크기와대비에대하여시기능을광범위하게평가할수있다. 그래서대비감도검사는실제로물체를파악하는능력을측정하는방법으로시력검사보다임상에서다양하게응용될수있을

5 Effect of Aberrations and Contrast Sensitivity due to the Amount of Astigmatism on Vision 163 Table 4. Contrast sensitivity between spherical equivalent (S.E) and full vision correction (F.V) according to astigmatic axis cpd Against the rule astigmatism With the rule astigmatism Oblique astigmatism p value S.E F.V S.E F.V S.E F.V S.E F.V (±0.023) (±0.200) (±0.322) (±0.807) (±14.769) (±0.200) (±0.000) (±0.200) (±0.585) (±7.675) (±5.261) (±4.634) (±10.925) (±20.266) (±29.256) (±0.857) (±1.749) (±3.589) (±7.458) (±28.365) (±0.480) (±1.347) (±0.874) (±5.342) (±23.490) (±0.248) (±0.415) (±0.519) (±11.757) (±27.214) 것이다. [12] 시력검사는높은대비상태에서시행하며다양한크기의검은색문자나숫자를흰색배경에뚜렷하게제시하여측정하지만실생활에서는항상이상적인대비만존재하는것이아니므로시력이 1.0이라하더라도대비감도는낮을수있다. [13] 낮은대비감도는야간운전, 독서시, 비슷한색의도로포장등에서문제를일으킨다. [14] 최근에시력교정을하는방법으로안경을착용하는경우보다여러가지편리성으로인해콘택트렌즈를이용하여시력교정을많이한다. 실제로소프트콘택트렌즈착용자의대부분이비용이나디자인등의이유로난시교정을등가구면처방으로렌즈를착용하는경우가많다. 이는시력장애뿐만아니라안정피로를일으키는중요한원인이되며시력의질또한완전하지못할것으로예측된다. [15] 시력의질을높이기위한고위수차와시력교정방법의관계에대한연구들이다양하게진행되고있다. 고위수차를줄이기위한노력의결과로비구면소프트렌즈를착용하면전체고위수차와구면수차가콘택트렌즈착용하지않은경우보다감소한다는연구결과가보고된바있으며 [16] 전면에경계가없고일정한면을가지고있는비구면디자인의 RGP 렌즈를착용하면고위수차중구면수차의감소로광학적인시력의질을높여줄수있을것으로보고있다. [17] 일반적으로높은대비 (100%) 수준에서해상력을측정하지만대비감도검사는주어진공간에서어떤물체나영역의밝기차이를구별할수있는능력을측정한다. 이러한대비감도의검사는수시로변하는시생활에서시력검사에비해 3~5배더민감한시기능을반영한다고할수있다. [18] 따라서대비감도의측정은사람이일상생활을하는데얼마나편안하게시생활을영위하는지의척도가된다. Ginsburg 등 [19] 에의하면 VCTS를이용한대비감도검사에서정시안의대비감도는종모양을이루며명소시 와암소시모두중간주파수인 6 cpd에서가장높은대비감도를보이며그보다높거나낮은주파수에서대비감도가감소된다고하였다. 유등 [20] 은연령의변화에따른정상대비감도검사에서명소시의경우 6 cpd, 암소시의경우 3 cpd 일때최대대비감도를보인다고했다. 본연구에서는난시량이낮은경우에서만 3 cpd에서최대민감도를보였으며나머지다른난시량에서는거의차이가없지만 1.5 cpd에서최대민감도를나타내었다. 검사실의조건이나검사방법의차이로인해다소상이한결과를보였다고사료된다. 시력의질을평가하는대비감도검사는우리나라에서는각막교정수술전후에검사를실시하고있다. 가까운일본의경우에는안경원에서대비감도검사와함께입체시검사도필수적으로이루어지고있다. 고령화, 시력교정수술후, 안질환등에따른대비감도는동일한시력하에서도시생활의질의저하를초래할수있다. 이연구는안경원에서많이사용하는 LCD 시력검사에서대비감도를측정하였다. 따라서같은시력이라도시력의질은다를수있다는것을인식할수있으며대비감도검사가쾌적한안경처방의도구로이용될수있을것이라고사료된다. 결론 본연구에서는난시를등가구면굴절력으로교정했을때와완전교정했을때의대비감도를비교하여시력의질에영향을주는지를파악하였다. 또한, 난시량과난시축에따른수차량과대비감도를비교하였다. 난시량의증가에따라고위수차량이증가하였으며동공사이즈가증가함에따라수차량의증가를보였다. 눈전체의수차량과각막수차량은난시축과의연관성에유의하지않았지만도난시에서사난시, 직난시로갈수록수차량이증가함을

6 164 Bong-Hwan Kim, Seon-Hee Han, Seon-Mi Park, A-Hyeon Jeon, Hee-Moon Park, Jae-Hwan Yoo, and Seung-Hee Ryu 알수있었다. 대비감도는 1.5, 3, 5, 8, 13 cpd에서측정했을때난시량증가에따라대비감도에서유의한차이가있었으며, 난시를구면교정했을때와난시를완전교정하였을때를비교하였을때도유의한차이가있었다. 대비감도는난시축으로나누어직난시, 도난시, 사난시일때비교하였을때는유의한차이가없는것으로나타났다. 이에따라서난시량과난시의교정방법에따라대비감도에영향을주어시력의질적저하를초례함을알수있었다. 그러므로난시의정확한교정과타각적, 자각적시력측정및대비감도의검사로시력의질을향상시킬필요가있다. 감사의글 이논문은 2016년도춘해보건대학교학술연구비지원에의한것임. REFERENCES [1] Kang HS, Introduction to Optometry, 2nd Ed. Seoul: Sinkwang Publishing Company, 2004;188. [2] Kang HS, Introduction to Optometry, 2nd Ed. Seoul: Sinkwang Publishing Company, 2004;195. [3] Song YY. Lee HJ. Jung MA, Oh HJ, Baek SS, Kang IS, Choi JY. Analysis of higher-order wavefront aberration in the cornea of korean. Korean J Vis Sci. 2012:14(4): [4] Mun GH, Im SK, Park HY, Yoon KC. Comparison of clinical resuits between two spherical aberration-free intraocular lenses. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2010;51(5): [5] Resan M. Wavefront Aberrations, Advance in ophthalmology. Rijeka:Intech. 2012; [6] Liang J, Grimm B, Goelz S, Bille JF. Objective measurement of wave aberrations of the human eye with the use of a hartmann-shack wave-front sensor. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 1994;11(7): [7] Ginsburg AP. Contrast sensitivity and functional vision, International ophthalmology clinics, Lippincott williams & wilkins. 2003;43(2):5-15. [8] Cynthia Owsley. Contrast sensitivity Ophthalmol CLIN N Am ; [9] Joo HS. Analysis on Key-factors in Worsening of Eyesight for Schoolchildren as a Consequence. J Korean Contents Association. 2011;11(3): [10] Yun CH. A Comparative Study of High School Students Visual Attention. Master Thesis. Chonnam National University, Gwangju. 2002; [11] Jeong JH, Kim MJ, Tchah HW. Clinical comparison of laser ray tracing aberrometer and Shack-Hartmann aberrometer. J Korean Oph. Soc. 2006;47(12): [12] Jindra LF, Zemon V. Contrast sensitivity testing, A more complete assessment of vision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1989;15: [13] Ginsburg AP, Evans DW, Cannon MW Jr. Large sample norms for contrast sensitivity. Am. J. Opt. Physiol. Opt. 1984;61: [14] Kim JM, Lee MA. Comparison of Contrast Sensitivity Between Soft Contact Lens Wearers and Spectacle Wearers. 2007;12(4): [15] Lee MA, Kim HJ, Kim JM. Contrast sensitivity and glare with spherical and toric soft contact lenses in low-astigmatic eyes. 2009;14(1): [16] Kim JM, Mum MY, Kim YC, Lee KJ. Change of spherical aberration with aspheric soft contact lens wear. J Korean Ophthalmic Opt Soc. 2012;17(4): [17] Kim JY, Eom JH, Bae HJ, Yun MO, Kim HS. An analysis of high-order aberration according to the RGP lens design. Korean J Vis Sci. 2011;13(2): [18] Kim HJ, Kim H, Cho SH, Cho BJ, Choi KY, Chung KH, Joo CK. Comparison of Contrast Sensitivity with ACV (Visual Capacity Analyzer) in Different Types of Posterior Capsular Opacification. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2004;45(6): [19] Ginsburg AP. A new contrast sensitivity vision test chart. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1984;61: [20] You YC, Choi TH, Lee HB. Normal contrast sensitivity for various ages. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2003;44(1):

7 Effect of Aberrations and Contrast Sensitivity due to the Amount of Astigmatism on Vision 165 난시량에따른수차와대비감도가시력에미치는영향 김봉환 *, 한선희, 박선미, 전아현, 박희문, 유재환, 류승희 춘해보건대학교안경광학과, 울산 투고일 (2017 년 4 월 28 일 ), 수정일 (2017 년 6 월 1 일 ), 게재확정일 (2017 년 6 월 21 일 ) 목적 : 난시가시력의질에미치는영향을수차와대비감도를통하여알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 안질환이없는평균나이 21.0(±1.2) 세의 44 명 ( 남 :29 명여 :15 명 ) 을대상으로검사하였다. 실험은 Wave-Front Analyzer KR-1W (TOPCON) 기기로수차를측정하였고 Contrast Sensitivity Chart(HDC-9000N/PF, Huvitz) 로대비감도를측정하였다. 결과 : 고위수차는난시량의증가에따라유의한차이를보였으며난시축으로나누어보았을때는유의하지않았다. 대비감도의측정에서난시량에따라유의한차이를보였으나난시축으로나누었을때는유의하지않았다. 난시량을등가구면교정하였을때와난시교정했을때대비감도는유의한차이가있었으며, 등가구면교정과난시교정하였을때는동일한공간주파수에서도유의한차이가있는것으로나타났다. 결론 : 대비감도는난시량과난시교정방법에따라서영향을받는다는것을알수있었다. 대비감도는난시축에영향을받지않았으며, 정확한난시교정으로대비감도를높여시력의질을향상시킬필요가있다. 주제어 : 난시, 고위수차, 대비감도, 난시축, 난시교정, 시력

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(1):77-81, March 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.1.77 Loss of Corrected Visual Acuity According to Different Meridional Visual Acuity in Astigmatic Eyes Na

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

<30342D30342D333428B1E8C0E7BFEB2DBEF6C5C2BFF5293736372D3737342E687770>

<30342D30342D333428B1E8C0E7BFEB2DBEF6C5C2BFF5293736372D3737342E687770> = 증례보고 = 대한안과학회지 2012년 제 53 권 제 6 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(6):767-774 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.6.767 두 가지 친수성 비구면 인공수정체를 삽입한 백내장 수술안에서 6개월 임상 성적

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA ISSN(print) 1226-5012 22(2):143-149, June 2017 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2017.22.2.143 The Effects of Uncorrected Astigmatism on Dynamic Stereoacuity Hyung Ryul Jeong, Su A Jung, and Hyun

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

목 차 회사현황 1. 회사개요 2. 회사연혁 3. 회사업무영역/업무현황 4. 등록면허보유현황 5. 상훈현황 6. 기술자보유현황 7. 시스템보유현황 주요기술자별 약력 1. 대표이사 2. 임원짂 조직 및 용도별 수행실적 1. 조직 2. 용도별 수행실적

목 차 회사현황 1. 회사개요 2. 회사연혁 3. 회사업무영역/업무현황 4. 등록면허보유현황 5. 상훈현황 6. 기술자보유현황 7. 시스템보유현황 주요기술자별 약력 1. 대표이사 2. 임원짂 조직 및 용도별 수행실적 1. 조직 2. 용도별 수행실적 用 役 指 名 願 금번 貴 社 에서 실시하고자 하는 用 役 에 참여하고자 當 社 의 指 名 願 을 提 出 하오니 審 査 하시고 指 名 하여 주시면 감사하겠습니다. 2014년 (주)하우드 엔지니어링 종합건축사사무소 대표이사 문 홍 길 대표이사 채 희 대표이사 이 재 규 대표이사 김 성 우 SUBMISSION We are submitting our brochure

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

<28313539392D31363036292032C7FC20BFC0BAEABDBAC4B520B0A2B8B7C1F6C7FCB5B5B8A620C0CCBFEBC7D120BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7B0FA20BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7C0C7C1F5C0C720B0A2B8B7C7FCC5C2BAF1B1B3283038292E687770>

<28313539392D31363036292032C7FC20BFC0BAEABDBAC4B520B0A2B8B7C1F6C7FCB5B5B8A620C0CCBFEBC7D120BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7B0FA20BFF8C3DFB0A2B8B7C0C7C1F5C0C720B0A2B8B7C7FCC5C2BAF1B1B3283038292E687770> 2형 오브스캔 각막지형도를 이용한 원추각막과 원추각막의증의 각막형태비교 1599 1600 Figure 1. The map of Orbscan II topography in keratoconus. The parameters including central corneal power, anterior and posterior elevation from BFS and

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA ISSN(print) 1226-5012 22(1):59-63, March 2017 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2017.22.1.59 A Study on the Corneal Power and Refractive Error of Emmetropia and Myopia in Different Ages: from Elementary

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(1):23-34, March 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.1.23 The Changes in Contrast Sensitivity and Glare Sensitivity when Wearing Circle Contact Lenses after the

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /

상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: / ,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

untitled

untitled Original Article Experiences of Unwed Mothers Choi, Yang-Ja 1) Kim, Kwuy-Bun 2) 1) Professor, Redcross College of Nursing, 2) Professor, Kyung Hee University, College of Nursing Science 1) 2) 1) 2) Purpose:

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

08김현휘_ok.hwp

08김현휘_ok.hwp (Regular Paper) 21 3, 2016 5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2016.21.3.369 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a), a) An Audio Coding Technique Employing the Inter-channel

More information

<30342D31372D B1E8C7F6BDC22DBDC9C0B1BCB E687770>

<30342D31372D B1E8C7F6BDC22DBDC9C0B1BCB E687770> 대한안과학회지 2017 년제 58 권제 8 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(8):911-915 ISSN 0378-6471 (Print) ISSN 2092-9374 (Online) https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.8.911 Original Article 한국인의각막전면, 후면난시축의분포와연령에따른변화

More information

2014_........pdf

2014_........pdf 1, 1, 2, 1 (1, 2 ) Jin Suk Suh 1, Jong In Kim 1, Ryeong Jae Park 2, Sang Bum Park 1 (1 Korea Forest Research Institute, 2 Korea Traditional Dye Institute) Introduction (2011-2013), (VOCs)., (7 ),,. Materials

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: * The Grounds and Cons

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   * The Grounds and Cons Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.63-81 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.63 * The Grounds and Consequences of the Elementary School Teachers' Trust Formation

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

(이원희) hwp

(이원희) hwp 대한안과학회지 2011 년제 52 권제 11 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(11):1269-1274 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2011.52.11.1269 = 증례보고 = 각막굴절교정학콘택트렌즈가근시및난시의진행에미치는영향 이원희 1 박영기

More information

ISSN 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE

ISSN 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE 11-1320082-000013-09 ISSN 1738-2963 2015 제 3 호 치안정책연구 The Journal of Police Policies 2015. 12 ( 제29권제3호 ) 치안정책연구소 POLICE SCIENCE INSTITUTE : 통학버스를중심으로 차례 전병주 * 최은영 ** Ⅰ. 서론 1) Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

<33362E20C1A4BFACC8AB2DB0A2B8B7B1BCC0FDB7C2BFA120B5FBB8A520B4A9BED7C3FE2E687770>

<33362E20C1A4BFACC8AB2DB0A2B8B7B1BCC0FDB7C2BFA120B5FBB8A520B4A9BED7C3FE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 14, No. 6 pp. 2839-2843, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2013.14.6.2839 각막굴절력에따른누액층파괴시간분포와연관성 정연홍 1* 1 경동대학교안경광학과 The Correlation of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: : * Research Subject

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   : * Research Subject Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.91-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.91 : * Research Subject Trend Analysis on Educational Innovation with Network

More information

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 2010.1 Fashionbiz

More information

< C1A4BFACC8AB2DC3F8C1A4B9E6BDC4BFA120B5FBB8A52E687770>

< C1A4BFACC8AB2DC3F8C1A4B9E6BDC4BFA120B5FBB8A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 19, No. 8 pp. 353-359, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2018.19.8.353 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 정연홍국제대학교안경광학과 Comparison of Accuracy

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

jaeryomading review.pdf

jaeryomading review.pdf 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. S. Kim, H. Y. Jeong, S. K. Kim, S. Y. Choi and K. J. Lee, Nano Lett. 11, 5438 (2011). 2. E. Menard, K. J. Lee, D. Y. Khang, R. G. Nuzzo and J. A. Rogers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84,

More information

Analysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for 2003 Development of the Software Generation Method using Model Driven Software Engineering Tool,,,,, Hoon-Seon Chang, Jae-Cheon Jung, Jae-Hack Kim Hee-Hwan Han, Do-Yeon Kim, Young-Woo Chang Wang Sik, Moon

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp

이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp 住居環境 韓國住居環境學會誌 第 11 卷 1 號 ( 通卷第 20 號 ) pp. 159~172 투고 ( 접수 ) 일 : 2013.02.28. 게재확정일자 : 2013.04.04. The change of housing choice by characteristics of the Baby Boomers Lee, Yong-Seok Park, Hwan-Yong Abstract

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   IPA * Analysis of Perc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 3, June, 30, 2016:pp. 93~116 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 06. 12 2016. 06. 20 2016. 06. 26 ABSTRACT e-

More information

The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo

The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowon Lee 2 * 1 Program of Software Convergence, Soongsil

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(3):259-264, September 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.3.259 Cause Analysis in Decrease of Body Stability According to The Induced Astigmatic Blur Sang-Yeob

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

<313120B9DABFB5B1B82E687770>

<313120B9DABFB5B1B82E687770> 한국민족문화 40, 2011. 7, 347~388쪽 1)중화학공업화선언과 1973년 공업교육제도 변화* 2)박 영 구** 1. 머리말 2. 1973년, 중화학공업화선언과 과학기술인력의 부족 3. 1973년 전반기의 교육제도 개편과 정비 1) 계획과 개편 2) 기술교육 개선안과 인력개발 시책 4. 1973년 후반기의 개편과 정비 5. 정비된 정규교육제도의 특징

More information

歯14.양돈규.hwp

歯14.양돈규.hwp : The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net

More information

Apparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information

???춍??숏

???춍??숏 Suseong gu Council Daegu Metropolitan City www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr Contents SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY 10 www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr 11 SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY

More information

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( ) . 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).

More information

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과

More information

<31382D30332D303328C0CCC1F6C0BA2DB9DABFB5B1E E687770>

<31382D30332D303328C0CCC1F6C0BA2DB9DABFB5B1E E687770> 대한안과학회지 2013 년제 54 권제 3 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(3):502-507 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.3.502 = 증례보고 = 난시각막굴절교정학렌즈를이용한가장자리각막난시교정 박영기 1 이종수 2 이지은 2

More information

11¹ÚÇý·É

11¹ÚÇý·É Journal of Fashion Business Vol. 6, No. 5, pp.125~135(2002) The Present State of E-Business according to the Establishment Year and the Sales Approach of Dongdaemun Clothing Market Park, Hea-Ryung* and

More information

001HKT노안리플렛A4(20)

001HKT노안리플렛A4(20) 커스텀뷰 노안 수술 돋보기안경 없이 먼 곳과 가까운 곳 모두 OK! 젊은 눈으로 즐기는 아름다운 중년과 활기찬 노년 40대 이후 중 장년층도 돋보기안경 없이 신문과 글을 읽고, 레포츠와 자유로운 일상생활을 만끽할 수 있습니다. 미국 최고 안과의료기관인 마이애미의 바스컴 팔머 아이 인스티튜트(Bascom Palmer Eye Institute) 의료진과 협력하여

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

untitled

untitled 3. 농업환경연구과 과제구분 기본연구 수행시기 전반기 연구과제 및 세부과제 수행 기간 소 속 책임자 농가에 적합한 부식성곤충 대량 사육기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 1) 부식성 곤충 먹이 제조 기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 색인용어 부식성곤충, 장수풍뎅이, 계통, 먹이제조 ABSTRACT In first check,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA ISSN(print) 1226-5012 23(4):351-363, December 2018 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2018.23.4.351 Evaluation of Visual Function under Mesopic Conditions in Individuals Wearing Cosmetic Soft Contact

More information