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1 ISSN(print) (1):77-81, March 2016 < 초청논문 > Loss of Corrected Visual Acuity According to Different Meridional Visual Acuity in Astigmatic Eyes Na Young Jo, Sang-Yeob Kim, Byeong-Yeon Moon, and Hyun Gug Cho* Dept. of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Korea (Received February 3, 2016: Revised February 26, 2016: Accepted March 25, 2016) Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the difference of meridional and the loss of corrected (VA) in order to emphasis the importance of astigmatic correction. Methods: 64 subjects (122 eyes) aged 22.75±2.36 years participated in this study. After full correction of astigmatic refractive error, VA was measured in which the direction of the slit filter was matched with astigmatic axis and 90 o to the astigmatic axis. Results: 52 eyes showed no difference in VA between the two direction. However 70 eyes had difference VA between them. 14 out of 52 eyes and 24 out of 70 eyes had under 1.0 in monocular VA. The astigmatic degree was higher in the existence of VA difference between the two direction than non-existence. The difference is higher with under 1.0 monocular VA. Monocular VA is closely related to the focal line having better VA in the principal focal line. Glasses replacement period was analyzed as 6~12 months for the preservation of better VA. Conclusions: The final glasses prescription has to be given with full correction because continued under-correction for astigmatism causes meridional VA difference. Key words: Meridional amblyopia, Astigmatism, Slit filter, Visual acuity, Anterior-posterior focal lines 서론난시는광학계에서물체의상이단일점이아닌서로다른거리에위치하는두개의초선으로결상되는굴절이상상태로써망막에는초선또는착란원이위치하게된다. [1-3] 이러한난시안을미교정또는저교정할경우, 시력저하는물론선명한물체를보기위해최소착란원을망막에이동시키는조절이발생되어안정피로가유발될수도있다. [4] 난시와시력에관련하여 Kim과 Kim [5] 은 0.50 D의적은양의난시라도저교정될경우난시량의교정상태에따른평균시력은난시량을완전교정을했을때보다한줄이상의시력감소가나타난다고하였다. 또한난시가오랜기간교정되지않을경우, 망막에맺히는물체의상이한쪽경선은선명하나이와직교되는경선은선명하지않아경선약시로진행될수있다고하였다. [6-10] 임상의많은경우에서난시안을교정할때, 일반적으로초기적응의불편함을감소시키기위한목적으로저교정상태로처방한후방치하는경우가흔하고, 콘택트렌즈의처방에서도토릭렌즈대신구면렌즈를이용하여등가구면처방으로그치는경우가많은실정이다. 따라서본연구에서는난시의잘못된교정으로발생하는주경선간시력차이와이 로인한교정시력의손실에대한정보가매우미흡한실정으로판단되어, 무작위로선발된난시안을대상으로굴절이상을완전교정한다음측정된주경선시력차이와단안시력손실을통해난시교정의중요성을상기시키고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상본연구의취지에동의한평균나이 22.75±2.36세의 64 명중난시성굴절이상 122안 ( 남 74안, 여 48안 ) 을대상으로하였다. 대상안의구면굴절력은 S+4.50 ~ 8.75 D, 난시도는 C-0.25 ~ 3.25 D로분포하였고, 단안시력은 0.7~1.2로최대교정시력에는제한을두지않았다. 문진을통해전신질환, 안질환, 굴절교정술및눈에영향을미치는약물복용을없음을확인하였다. 2. 방법 1) 굴절검사및난시안의경선별시력측정먼저수동포롭터 (Phoroptor 11625B, Reichert, USA) 를이용하여자각적굴절검사를실시하였다. 운무상태에서방사선시표를이용하여난시교정원주렌즈의축과굴절력을 *Corresponding author: Hyun Gug Cho, TEL: , hyung@kangwon.ac.kr 77
2 78 Na Young Jo, Sang-Yeob Kim, Byeong-Yeon Moon, and Hyun Gug Cho 결정한후, 주경선균형상태에서크로스실린더와단안숫자시표를이용하여난시정밀검사를실시하였고, 최대구면최대시력으로각안의완전교정값을검출하였다. 완전교정값이장입된시험테를착용한상태로원거리양안시력과단안시력을측정하고, 열공판중앙의가는틈방향을난시교정축방향과 90 o 반대방향으로일치시킨상태에서시력을각각측정하였다. 정확한측정을위해열공판시력검사를할때피검자가고개를위 아래또는좌 우로움직이지않도록하였으며, 시력판별기준은각줄에구성되어있는 5개의숫자중 4개이상을읽었을때해당시표줄을인식하는것으로판단하였다. 2) 설문검사대상자들에게안경교체주기에대한설문을실시하였다. 3) 통계처리자료분석은 SPSS for windows ver. 20을사용하여실시하였다. 결과의통계는 one-way ANOVA test, 빈도분석, 그리고상관분석하였고, 95% 신뢰구간으로하여 p<0.05 일때통계적으로유의하다고판단하였다. 결과및고찰 1. 경선간시력차이의유무및단안교정시력전체 122안중, 주경선간시력차이의존재여부와시력 1.0 이상유무에대한분포결과는 Table 1과같다. 주경선간시력차이가존재하지않는경우는 52안이었고, 이중단안시력이 1.0 이상인경우는 38안, 단안시력이 1.0 미만인경우는 14안이었다. 주경선간시력차이가존재하는경우는 70안이었고, 이중단안시력이 1.0 이상인경우는 46안, 단안시력이 1.0 미만인경우는 24안이었다. 주경선간시력차이가없음에도불구하고시력 1.0 미만으로검사된경우가전체검사대상자의 11%(14안 ) 를차지하였다. 이러한결과는굴절이상의교정관리에문제가있는것을의미하는것으로, 지속적인저교정이나과교정으로인 Table 1. Existence of vision difference between anterior-posterior focal lines and distribution of monocular in full correction of subjects Decimal anterior-posterior focal lines more than 1.0 under 1.0 Non-existence Existence Total Data are represented by the number of eyes. 해최대시력으로교정되지못하고있다는것을의미한다. 더욱이시력 1.0 이상으로검사되었음에도불구하고주경선간시력차이가존재하는경우가약 38%(46안 ) 로나타나정상적인시력으로교정되었음에도시력의질적만족도는부족한것으로사료되었다. 특히, 주경선간시력차이가나타난경우가절반이넘는약 57%(70안 ) 에달해난시교정관리에문제가있는것으로분석되었다. 비록주경선간시력차이가있지만경선약시라고정의하기어려운것은지속적인난시교정을통해시력이향상되어주경선간시력차이가해소될수있기때문이다. 따라서본결과에서나타난약 57% 의주경선간시력차이가있는경우는일시적인시력저하를보이는경우가포함된것으로생각된다. 하지만주경선간시력차이가있고시력 1.0 미만인약 20%(24안 ) 의경우경선약시의확률이높을것으로판단되었다. 2. 주경선간시력차이별평균교정시력 Table 1에서나누어진네그룹의평균시력은 Table 2와같다. 주경선간시력차이가존재하지않으나단안시력이 1.0 이상인 38안의평균시력은 1.08±0.10, 1.0 미만인 14 안의평균시력은 0.93±0.06이었다. 주경선간시력차이가존재하나단안시력이 1.0 이상인 46안의평균시력은 1.07 ±0.10, 1.0 미만인 24안의평균시력은 0.85±0.08이었다. 각그룹간의평균시력은유의한차이를보였는데 (p<0.001), 주경선간시력차이가존재하고단안시력 1.0이되지않는경우가 0.85±0.08로가장낮았고, 주경선간 Table 2. Existence of vision difference between anterior-posterior focal lines and mean of monocular in full correction of subjects anterior-posterior focal lines Decimal more than 1.0 under 1.0 F p-value Non-existence 1.08±0.10 c 0.93±0.06 b *** Existence 1.07±0.10 c 0.85±0.08 a a,b,c : subgroups by Scheffe post-hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA test
3 Loss of Corrected Visual Acuity According to Different Meridional Visual Acuity in Astigmatic Eyes 79 Table 3. Existence of vision difference between anterior-posterior focal lines and mean of astigmatic power in full correction of subjects Astigmatic power (D) anterior-posterior focal lines more than 1.0 VA under 1.0 VA Non-existence 1.03± ±0.56 Existence 1.05± ±0.90 Table 4. Correlation between monocular and focal line's in meridional amblyopia Anterior < Posterior Anterior > Posterior Focal line s Focal line s ** p < 0.01 : significantly different to Peason's correlation coefficient N F Monocular p-value Anterior 0.78± ** ±0.13 Posterior 0.94± ** Anterior 0.89± ** ±0.11 Posterior 0.75± ** r 시력차이가없고단안시력 1.0 이상인경우가 1.08±0.10 으로가장높았다. 3. 주경선간시력차이에따른난시도주경선간시력차이에따른난시도분석결과는 Table 3 같다. 주경선간시력차이가존재하지않으며단안시력 1.0 이상인 38안의평균난시도는 1.03±0.60이었고, 단안시력이 1.0 미만인 14안의평균난시도는 1.02±0.56이었다. 경선간시력차이가존재하지만단안시력 1.0 이상인 46안의평균난시도는 1.05±0.78이었고, 단안시력 1.0 미만인 24안의평균난시도는 1.26±0.90이었다. 각그룹간의평균시력은유의한차이가없었지만, 단안시력이 1.0 미만인경우가단안시력 1.0 이상인경우보다난시도는더높은것으로나타났다. Kim 등 [11] 은난시도가낮을수록최종시력이높게나타난다고하였고, Mitchell 등 [8] 은경선약시의유병률이난시의정도와연관성이있다고보고하였다. 본결과에서주경선간시력차이가존재하고단안시력 1.0 미만인경우의평균난시도가 1.26±0.90로가장높았고, 평균시력은 0.85±0.08로가장낮게나타나선행연구와유사한결과를보였다. 4. 주경선별시력과단안시력의상관성전초선혹은후초선시력과단안시력간의상관관계를분석한결과는 Table 4와같다. 전초선의시력보다후초선의시력이더좋은경우, 전초선의시력은 0.78±0.15, 후초선의시력은 0.94±0.12, 단안시력은 1.01±0.14이었다. 전초선과단안시력의상관도는 r=0.592(p<0.01), 후초선과 단안시력은 r=0.736(p<0.01) 으로보다높은상관성을보였다. 후초선의시력보다전초선의시력이더좋은경우, 전초선의시력은 0.89±0.11, 후초선의시력은 0.75±0.15, 단안시력은 0.87±0.13이었다. 이때전초선과단안시력의상관도는 r=0.834(p<0.01), 후초선과단안시력은 r=0.882 (p<0.01) 로보다높은상관성을보였다. 이러한경선간시력차이는난시량증가로교정시력을감소시켜약시로진행할수있는원인이되고, [12] Choi와 Kwon [13] 에따르면그빈도는약 87% 나된다고하였다. 특히단안시력은후초선의시력과통계적으로유의한차이를보였으며, 후초선이전초선보다단안시력과더높은상관성을보이는것으로나타났다. 5. 주경선간시력차이와안경교체주기주경선간시력차이와교정시력상태에따른안경교체주기의분석결과는 Table 5와같다. 안경을착용하는 112 안중, 경선간시력차이가존재하지않고단안시력이 1.0 이상인경우안경교체주기는 9.92±5.71개월로나타났다. 경선간시력차이는존재하지않으나단안시력이 1.0 미만인경우안경교체주기는 14.00±13.10개월로나타났다. 경선간시력차이가존재하나단안시력이 1.0 이상인경우는안경교체주기가 14.67±11.37 개월로나타났으며, 경선간시력차이가존재하고단안시력이 1.0 미만인경우는 20.13±16.80개월로나타나, 경선간시력차이가존재하는경우가경선간시력차이가존재하지않은경우보다교체주기가긴것으로나타났다. 따라서안경교체주기는 6개월 ~1년이좋은시력을유지하기에적합한것으로
4 80 Na Young Jo, Sang-Yeob Kim, Byeong-Yeon Moon, and Hyun Gug Cho Table 5. Existence of vision difference between anterior-posterior focal lines and mean of glasses replacement period in full correction of subjects anterior-posterior focal lines Glasses replacement period (months) more than 1.0 VA under 1.0 VA F p-value Non-existence 9.92±5.71 a 14.00±13.10 ab Existence 14.67±11.37 ab 20.13±16.80 b a,b : subgroups by Scheffe post-hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA test 판단되었다. 종합적으로, 경선간시력차이가존재하고단안시력이 1.0 미만인그룹에서평균시력이가장낮게측정되고, 난시도또한가장높게측정되었다. 뿐만아니라단안시력이 1.0 미만인그룹모두에서시력 1.0 이상인그룹보다난시도는높은것으로나타나난시교정은시력관리에매우중요한요소임을말해주고있다. 단안시력은시력이더높은초선에영향을받는다는것을알수있었으며, 경선간시력차이가존재하고단안시력이 1.0 미만인그룹의안경교체주기는다른그룹보다오랫동안동일한안경을사용하고있는것으로나타나굴절이상의새로운처방은 1년이내에이루어져야할것으로나타났다. 또한난시도가높은경우주경선간시력차이를유발할가능성이높고, 이로인하여단안시력이저하될가능성이높은것으로나타나경선약시발생을예방하고최대시력을구현하기위해서는난시의전교정이원활하게이루어져야할것으로사료된다. 결론난시성굴절이상자를대상으로경선간시력차이의존재와난시도가경선약시에영향을미치는지에대해알아본결과아래와같은결론을내렸다. 1. 주경선간시력차이가존재하는경우는전체약 57% 로나타났다. 2. 주경선간시력차이가존재하고단안시력이 1.0 미만의경우는약 20% 로나타났다. 3. 주경선간시력차이가존재할때, 난시도가높을수록평균시력은낮은것으로나타났다. 4. 단안시력은시력이더높은초선에영향을받았다. 5. 시력을유지하기적합한안경교체주기는 6개월 ~1년으로나타났다. 따라서난시의지속적인저교정은경선간시력차이를일으키고경선약시를유발할수있으므로임상에서난시안처방의최종목표는완전교정으로하여야한다. REFERENCES [1] von Noorden GK. Binocular vision and ocular motility: theory and management of strabismus, 5th Ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1996; [2] Bennett AG. An historical review of optometric principles and techniques. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1986;6(1):3-21. [3] Chung TM, Choi CK, Choi O. Relationship between visual acuity and refractive error in myopia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1977;18(4): [4] Brookman KE. Refractive management of ametropia, 1st Ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996;77. [5] Kim JH, Kim IS. A Study on the relationship between the disc of least confusion and corrected vision of astigmatism. J Korean Opthalmic Opt Soc. 2008;13(2): [6] Jampolsky A, Flom BC, Weymouth FW, Moses LE. Unequal corrected as related to anisometropia. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1955;54(6): [7] Mein J, Trimble R. Diagnosis and management of ocular motility disorders, 2nd Ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1991; [8] Mitchell DE, Freeman RD, Millodot M, Haegerstrom G. Meridional amblyopia: evidence for modification of the human visual system by early visual experience. Vision Res. 1973;13(3): [9] von Noorden GK. Binocular vision and ocular motility: theory and management of strabismus, 4th Ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1990; [10] Blackmore C, Van Sluyters RC. Experimental analysis of amblyopia and strabismus. Br J Ophthalmol. 1974;58(3): [11] Kim SM, Kim MS, Lee DB. Results of treatment in childhood with high hyperopic or astigmatic amblyopia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1991;32(9): [12] Lee WS, Ye KH. A study on the prevalence analysis of astigmatism and the effect of astigmatic refractive power on corrected vision in growing children and the young. J Korean J Vis Sci. 2015;17(3): [13] Choi HK, Kwon JY. Visual acuity in childhood astigmatism. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1998;39(9):
5 Loss of Corrected Visual Acuity According to Different Meridional Visual Acuity in Astigmatic Eyes 81 난시안에서주경선간시력차이와교정시력의손실 조나영, 김상엽, 문병연, 조현국 * 강원대학교안경광학과, 삼척 투고일 (2016 년 2 월 3 일 ), 수정일 (2016 년 2 월 26 일 ), 게재확정일 (2016 년 3 월 25 일 ) 목적 : 난시교정의중요성을강조하기위해주경선간시력차이유무와교정시력의손실정도를알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 평균나이 22.75±2.36 세의난시성굴절이상자 64 명 (122 안 ) 을대상으로하였다. 난시안을완전교정한후열공판중앙의가는틈을난시교정축방향과 90 o 반대방향으로일치시킨상태에서시력을각각측정하였다. 결과 : 경선간시력차이가존재하지않는경우는 52 안이었고, 경선간시력차이가존재하는경우는 70 안이었다. 단안시력이 1.0 미만인경우는 52 안중 14 안, 70 안중 24 안으로나타났다. 난시도는경선간시력차이가존재하는경우가경선간시력차이가존재하지않는경우보다높게나타났으며, 단안시력이 1.0 미만의경우가더높은것으로나타났다. 단안시력은주경선중시력이높게나타나는경선과높은상관성을보였다. 좋은시력을유지하기적합한안경교체주기는 6~12 개월로분석되었다. 결론 : 난시의지속적인저교정은경선간시력차이를일으키는원인이되므로임상에서난시안의최종처방은완전교정을목표로하여야한다. 주제어 : 주경선시력, 난시, 열공판, 전초선, 후초선
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대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
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