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1 ISSN(print) (2): , June 2017 < 초청논문 > Influence of Prism on Lateral Phoria in Von Graefe Test Kwang-Keun Oh, Hyun Gug Cho, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Sang-Yeob Kim, and Dong-Sik Yu* Dept. of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Korea (Received April 29, 2017: Revised June 6, 2017: Accepted June 15, 2017) Purpose: To evaluate the influence of the amount of diopters for dissociating on lateral phoria in von Graefe test. Methods: Forty subjects (mean age 22.10±2.24 years) were conducted subjective refraction and phoria test. Lateral phoria using the von Graefe method was measured with measuring of 12 Δ base-in (BI) in front of right eye and dissociating s of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Δ base-up (BU) in front of left eye respectively, selected in random order. The influence of the dissociating was analyzed according to vertical phoria and cyclophoria groups. Results: The amount of to dissociate targets for phoria test was greater than or equal to 6 Δ BU at both distance and near. Lateral phoria was significantly decreased with increasing the amount of dissociating at distance ( Δ decrease in exophoria, p<0.001), but no significant at near (p = 0.793). In left hyperphoria group at distance, lateral phoria was decreased ( Δ decrease in exophoria, p = 0.038) with increasing the dissociating, but no statistical significant change in left hypophoria and orthophoria group at distance, and in all groups at near. In cyclophoria and non-cyclophoria group, distance lateral phoria was decreased with increase of the dissociating ( Δ in exophoria, p = 0.001; Δ in exophoria, p = 0.014), but not significantly changes in all groups at near. Conclusions: The amount of dissociating in von Graefe test has an influence on distance lateral phoria. The influence was better represented when the is placed on side of hyperphoria or cyclophoria. With a vertical phoria or a cyclophoria, lateral phoria could be different depending on the placement of dissociating. To improve the reliability of the von Graefe, we suggest that the dissociating of BU is placed in the front of eye with hypophoria or vertical has to compensate before lateral phoria test. Key words: Phoria, Lateral phoria, Vertical phoria, Cyclophoria,, Von Graefe, Exophoria 서론사위량측정법은프리즘바를이용한교대가림검사, Maddox rod검사, Thorington검사, 수정된 Thorington검사, Howell사위카드검사, von Graefe검사와대약시경검사등여러종류가있다. [1-3] 이러한검사들중에서 von Graefe검사는각각의눈에수직과수평프리즘을가입하여검사하는방법으로포롭터기반으로이루어진다. Von Graefe검사법은다른검사방법들에비해사위의측정값에서반복성과신뢰성이낮고, 변동성이크며, [4-7] 보다더외사위방향으로측정되는방법으로평가되었다. [8] 그럼에도불구하고포롭터를사용하여굴절검사를수행하는경우굴절검사후즉각적으로검사할수있는장점으로인해안경사들이선호하는방법중하나이다. [9-11] Von Graefe검사법으로수평사위량을측정할경우, 한쪽눈에가입된 12 Δ BI (base-in) 은측정프리즘 (measuring ) 의역할을하고, 반대쪽눈에가입된 6 Δ BU(baseup) 은양안의상을분리시키는분리프리즘 (dissociating ) 의역할을한다. 분리프리즘에의해좌우망막상이융합되지않도록상하로분리시킨후에분리된두상이수직방향으로일렬형태의배열을갖도록측정프리즘을조정하여수평사위량을측정한다. 이러한측정법은수직프리즘에의한상의분리역할뿐만아니라수평사위측정값에영향을주는것을최소화하여야한다. 따라서이검사에서수직프리즘이수평사위에영향을주는많은증거들을고려해야할필요가있다. Richardson [12] 은수직편위량이증가하면수평융합버전스의범위가감소한다고하였고, Gartenberg [13] 는수직사위와수평사위를동시에갖고있을때수직사위를교정하면수평사위와수평융합버전스의범위를향상시킬수있다고하였다. 또한 London 과 Wick [14] 은수평사위의양과범위를측정하기전에수직사위를효율적으로교정할것을제안하였다. *Corresponding author: Dong-Sik Yu,, TEL: , yds@kangwon.ac.kr 167
2 168 Kwang-Keun Oh, Hyun Gug Cho, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Sang-Yeob Kim, and Dong-Sik Yu 이러한증거들은분리프리즘역할을하는수직프리즘이수평사위측정에영향을줄수있음을의미하는것이다. 즉, von Graefe검사에서수직사위또는회선사위가있는경우, 단안의 6 Δ BU 가입이검출되는수평사위측정값에영향을줄것으로예상되지만지금까지이에관한연구는이루어지지않고있다. 따라서본연구는 von Graefe 검사에서분리프리즘이수평사위에미치는영향을평가하여수평사위측정시분리프리즘의위치와양을효과적으로결정하는데도움이되고자하였다. 분리되어있는지확인하고, 아래쪽시표를주시하게한후, 측정프리즘을 2 Δ/sec 속도로변화시켜두시표가세로방향으로일렬이되는시점을구두로대답하게하여프리즘의양과방향을기록하였다. 검사전후의영향을배제하기위해서수직프리즘의양을전환할때마다피검자가 1 분동안눈을감고휴식을갖게하였다. 검사의순서는원거리 (5 m) 검사후에, 근거리 (40 cm) 검사순서로실시하였고분리프리즘은좌안에가입하였다. 수직사위는좌안기준으로표기하였으며, 회선사위의유무는 double Maddox rod검사로확인하였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상본연구의취지에동의한평균연령 22.10±2.24세의대학생 40명 ( 남 23, 여 17) 을대상으로하였다. 피검자의남녀비율은각각 57.5%, 42.5% 였다. 문진을실시하여, 과거안과적병력및질환, 사시, 눈수술경험의유무, 약물복용경험이없음을확인하였다. 피검사자들에게타각적굴절검사및양안균형검사를포함하는자각적굴절검사를실시하여최대교정시력이모두 1.0 이상을대상으로하였다. 피검사자들의굴절이상분포는정시는등가구면굴절력이 ±0.50 D이하를기준 [15] 으로 11안 (13.75%), 근시 17안 (21.25%), 원시 1안 (1.25%), 근시성난시 50안 (62.5%), 원시성난시 1안 (1.25%) 이었으며, 교정굴절력의평균등가구면굴절력은 3.18±2.55 D였다. 2. 연구방법수동포롭터 (Phoropter 11625B, Reichert, USA) 를이용하여굴절이상을교정한후, von Graefe검사를실시하였다. 기존의 von Graefe검사는단안에분리프리즘 6 Δ BU을사용하지만본연구에서는좌안에 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Δ BU 의수직프리즘을각각가입한후, 원거리와근거리에서 von Graefe검사를실시하였다. 이때수직프리즘의양은무작위순서로가입하였다. 검사는한피검자당 6가지의조건 (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Δ BU) 으로원거리와근거리에서각조건별로 3회씩반복측정하였다. 피검자에게세로방향의 0.7 시표를보게하여시표가 3. 분석데이터의분석과해석을위해수평사위에서외사위는음의부호, 내사위는양의부호를부여하였다. 데이터분석은 SPSS for Windows(Ver19.0) 을사용하여반복측정분산분석 (repeated measures ANOVA) 을실시하였다. 모든분석은유의확률이 p<0.05일때, 통계적으로유의한차이를보이는것으로판단하였다. 결과및고찰 1. 분리프리즘조건에따른수평사위도변화 6가지조건 (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Δ BU) 으로검사한결과, Table 1과같이총피검자 40명중에원거리에서는 0 Δ BU일때, 38명이융합을하였고, 2 Δ BU에서 36명, 4 Δ BU에서 4명이융합을하였다. 근거리에서는 0 Δ BU에서 40명모두융합, 2 Δ BU에서도모두융합, 4 Δ BU에서 21명이융합을하였다. 4 Δ BU 이하에서분리되지않은비율이원거리에서는 10.0% ~ 95.0% 였고, 근거리에서는 52.5% ~ 100.0% 였으며, 원거리와근거리모두 6 Δ BU 이상에서는분리되었다. 이러한결과들은 1 또는 2 Δ으로약한분리프리즘에서융합운동으로양안단일시가이루어지나, 10 Δ 이상으로큰분리프리즘에서충분한융합운동을할수없게되어복시가나타난다고기술한결과 [16] 와유사하다. 이로미루어볼때 von Graefe검사에서분리프리즘의최소량은 6 Δ 이상으로확인되었다. Von Graefe검사에서부분적으로상의분리가나타나는 0, 2, 4 Δ BU을제외하고, 원거리와근거리모두분리가 Table 1. Dissociated ratio (%) by the amount of dissociating s Dissociated ratio Distance N (%) 2 (5.0) 4 (10.0) 36 (90.0) 40 (100) 40 (100) 40 (100) Near N (%) 0 (0) 0 (0) 19 (47.5) 40(100) 40(100) 40 (100)
3 Influence of Prism on Lateral Phoria in Von Graefe Test 169 Table 2. Lateral phoria measured using 6, 8, 10 Δ dissociating s Lateral phoria F, p-value Distance 3.24±2.49 a 2.87±2.82 b 2.36±2.93 c (a>c, p<0.001) F(2,78) = , p<0.001 (b>c, p = 0.014) Near 6.71± ± ±5.19 F(2,78) = 0.184, p = p-values for repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. 나타나는 6 Δ BU 이상에서 3가지조건 (6, 8, 10 Δ BU) 에따른원거리와근거리의수평사위량을측정한결과는 Table 2와같다. Von Graefe검사로조건별평균원거리수평사위는 2.36 ~ 3.24 Δ 외사위였으며, 근거리수평사위는 6.54 ~ 6.74 Δ 외사위로측정되었다. 분리프리즘의양이증가할수록외사위량은줄어든반면에표준편차가커졌다. 이러한표준편차는분리프리즘량의증가에따라상하로멀어진분리타깃에대한피검자의반응, 즉종료점결정이어려워졌기때문으로여겨진다. 원거리수평사위검사에서는반복측정분산분석에서유의한차이를보였다 (p<0.001). 수평사위량의평균값으로만보면분리프리즘량이 6 Δ BU일때, 3.24 Δ으로가장높았고, 10 Δ BU에서 2.36 Δ으로가장낮았으며, 가입되는분리프리즘량이증가할수록수평사위량의평균값이줄어드는경향을보였다. 분리프리즘 6 Δ과 8 Δ BU을가입하였을때를비교하면수평사위량의평균차이가 0.37 Δ 이었고, 8 Δ과 10 Δ BU을가입하였을때를비교하면수평사위량의평균차이는 0.51 Δ이었다. 6 Δ과 10 Δ BU 조건에서수평사위의차이는 0.88 Δ이었다. 대체적으로분리프리즘량이증가하면서수평사위의평균값이줄어들었고, 줄어드는양도더컸다. 근거리수평사위검사에서 3가지조건에서의차이는반복측정분산분석에서유의하지않았다 (p = 0.793). 수평사위량의평균값은분리프리즘량이 10 Δ BU일때 6.54 Δ 으로가장낮게측정되었고, 분리프리즘량이 8 Δ BU일때 6.74 Δ으로가장높게측정되었으며, 3가지조건의평균값의최대차이는 0.20 Δ으로낮았다. 근거리수평사위검사에서분리프리즘량에따른차이는 0.03 ~ 0.20 Δ으로원거리사위도의변동량보다작았고, 근거리수평사위검사에서는분리프리즘이수평사위량에영향을주지않는것으로나타났다. 이러한결과에서분리프리즘인 BU을좌안에가입하게되면좌안의하직근 ( 아래곧은근 ) 이하전을하게되고, 이와동시에보조작용으로내전 ( 모음 ) 이동반되어수평사위량이줄어든것으로생각된다. [17] 또한여러연구 [18,19] 에서밝혀진수평과수직융합반응의상호작용효과를적용해 보면, 수직운동과감각성융합요구량의증가가수평융합반응을증가 [20] 시켜외사위도를감소시킨것으로판단된다. 또한이와달리프리즘에의해수직융합여력이감소되어타깃이분리되어보일때감소된수직융합여력을대체하여수평융합여력이자극되고폭주기능의작용으로수평사위량이적어지는것으로추론이가능하나, 이에대한부분은추가적인검토가필요할것이다. 2. 수직사위별분리프리즘조건에따른수평사위도변화 분리프리즘은좌안에가입하였으므로수직사위는좌안기준으로분류하였고, 원거리에서좌안하사위는 10명, 상사위는 14명, 수직사위가없는정위는 16명이었고, 평균좌안하사위의양은 1.70±1.06 Δ, 좌안상사위는 1.64±0.93 Δ이었다. 근거리에서하사위는 10명, 상사위는 17명, 수직사위가없는정위는 13명이었고, 평균좌안하사위의양은 2.12±1.27 Δ, 상사위는 1.20±0.42 Δ이었다. 이와같이분류한수직사위유무에따라분리프리즘의량 (6, 8, 10 Δ BU) 이수평사위에미치는영향을평가하였다. 수직사위별로나눠좌안에 3가지조건 (6, 8, 10 Δ BU) 에따른원거리수평사위량을측정한값들은 Table 3과같다. 비록좌안상사위에서만 3가지조건에따른수평사위량에서유의한차이를보였지만 (p = 0.038), Bonferroni 사 Table 3. Distance lateral phoria when dissociating s are placed in front of the eye with vertical phoria groups In hypophoria (N = 10) Distance lateral phoria In hyperphoria (N = 14) In orthophoria (N = 16) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±2.61 F, p-value F(2,18) = 3.205, p = F(2,26) = 3.775, F(2,30) = 5.414, p = (ns) p = p-values for one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Standard for vertical phoria is left eye. No significant with Bonferroni post-hoc tests.
4 170 Kwang-Keun Oh, Hyun Gug Cho, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Sang-Yeob Kim, and Dong-Sik Yu 후검정에서분리프리즘간의차이는나타나지않았다. 좌안하사위, 좌안상사위, 정위모두분리프리즘의양이증가할수록수평사위량의평균값이감소하였다. 원거리에서수평사위량의평균값은좌안상사위일때가장컸고그다음으로정위, 좌안하사위로나타났다. 이연구에서 von Graefe검사는분리프리즘을좌안 BU으로가입하게되면, 좌안하사위는수직사위량을보정하는효과를보여정위 나좌안상사위와비교하여수평사위량의평균값이적은것으로판단된다. 한편좌안상사위에분리프리즘 BU을가입하면, 좌안에수직사위량을더증가시켜정위나좌안하사위에비해수평사위량의평균값이큰것으로판단된다. 이러한결과들은 London과 Wick [14] 이주장한수직편위를교정하면수평편위량이감소하는것과 Percival [21] 이수평사위와수직사위는잠재적상호작용을하므로수직사위를교정하기전에수평사위를측정해야한다는것을적용해보면부분적으로해석이가능하다. 근거리에서의 3가지조건에따른수평사위량의결과는 Table 4와같다. 원거리에서좌안상사위에 BU 분리프리즘을가입한경우외사위변동량이 0.19 ~ 0.91 Δ이었으나좌안하사위와정위에서의외사위변동량은각각 0.30~0.93 Δ 과 0.38~0.84 Δ으로나타났다. 근거리에서의 3가지조건에따른수평사위량은반복측정분산분석에서유의한차이를보이지않지만 ( 하사위, p = 0.468; 상사위, p = 0.702; 정위, p = 0.821) 좌안상사위를제외한좌안하사위와정위는분리프리즘의양이증가할수록수평사위량의평균값이감소하였다. 근거리에서수평사위량의평균값또한좌안상사위가가장컸고, 그다음으로정위, 좌안하사위로나타났다. 이것은앞서설명한것처럼좌안의 BU 분리프리즘이수직사위에영향을주어좌안상사위에서는수평사위량의평균값이증가하고, 좌안하사위에서는수평사위량의평균값이감소하는것으로판단된다. Table 3, 4를분석한결과, von Graefe검사에서미교정된 Table 4. Near lateral phoria when dissociating s are placed in front of the eye with vertical phoria groups In hypophoria (N = 10) Near lateral phoria In hyperphoria (N = 17) In orthophoria (N = 13) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±4.80 F, p-value F(2,18) = 0.745, p = F(2,32) = 0.314, p = p-values for repeated measures ANOVA. Standard for vertical phoria is left eye. F(2,24) = 0.128, p = 수직사위가있을경우분리프리즘인좌안의 BU이수평사위량에영향을미치는것으로판단된다. 대체적으로분리프리즘의양이증가할수록수평사위량은적게측정되었다. 따라서 von Graefe검사로수평사위를검출할때피검자가수직사위가있는경우, 수직사위를보정하고수평사위를측정하는것이검사의신뢰도를높이는데도움이될것으로본다. 3. 회선사위별분리프리즘조건에따른수평사위도변화회선사위는 double Maddox rod검사를실시하여분류하였다. 원거리에서회선사위가있는그룹은 15명이었으며이들중수직사위는 11명으로수직사위량의평균값은 0.45±1.63 Δ이었다. 원거리에서회선사위가없는그룹은 25명이었으며이들중수직사위는 13명으로수직사위량의평균값은 0.85±2.03 Δ이었다. 근거리에서회선사위가있는그룹은 20명이었으며이들중수직사위는 13명으로수직사위량의평균값은 1.00±1.91 Δ이었다. 근거리에서회선사위가없는그룹은 20명이었으며이들중수직사위는 15명으로수직사위량의평균값은 0.87±1.96 Δ이었다. 회선사위별분리프리즘조건 (6, 8, 10 Δ BU) 에따른수평 Table 5. Distance lateral phoria when dissociating s are placed in front of the eye with cyclophoria groups In cyclophoria (N = 15) Distance lateral phoria In non-cyclophoria (N = 25) ±1.81 a 3.55±2.81 a ±2.07 b 3.15±3.20 b ±1.86 c 2.75±3.40 c F, p-value F(2,28) = 9.797, p = (a>c, p = 0.006) (b>c, p = 0.039) F(2,48) = 4.942, p = (a>c, p = 0.037) p-values for repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni posthoc tests. Table 6. Near lateral phoria when dissociating s are placed in front of the eye with cyclophoria groups In cyclophoria (N = 20) Near lateral phoria In non-cyclophoria (N = 20) ± ± ± ± ± ±5.21 F, p-value F(2,58) = 0.402, p = p-values for repeated measures ANOVA. F(2,58) = 1.896, p = 0.173
5 Influence of Prism on Lateral Phoria in Von Graefe Test 171 사위도를분석한결과는 Table 5, 6과같다. 원거리에서회선사위가있는그룹은 6 Δ BU 조건일때수평사위량의평균값이 2.73 Δ으로가장높았고, 10 Δ BU일때 1.71 Δ으로가장낮았다. 반복측정분산분석에서유의한차이를보였으며 (p = 0.001), 가입되는분리프리즘량이증가할수록수평사위량의평균값이감소하였다. 원거리에서회선사위가없는그룹은 6 Δ BU 조건일때수평사위량의평균값이 3.55 Δ으로가장높았고, 10 Δ BU 일때 2.75 Δ으로가장낮았다. 반복측정분산분석에서유의한차이를보였으며 (p = 0.014), 가입되는분리프리즘량이증가할수록수평사위량의평균값이줄어드는경향을보였다. 또한, 원거리와근거리모두회선사위가없는그룹이회선사위가있는그룹보다수평사위량의평균값이높았다. 회선사위가있는그룹과없는그룹의사위변동량은각각 0.33~1.02 Δ과 0.40~0.80 Δ으로근거리보다변동의폭이컸다. 근거리에서회선사위가있는그룹의수평사위량의평균값은분리프리즘량이 10 Δ BU일때 5.90 Δ으로가장크게측정되었고, 6 Δ BU일때, 5.47 Δ으로가장낮게측정되었다. 변동의폭은 0.03 ~ 0.46 Δ이었으며반복측정분산분석에서유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p = 0.639). 근거리에서회선사위가없는그룹의수평사위량의평균값은 10 Δ BU일때, 7.18 Δ으로가장낮게측정되었고, 6 Δ BU 일때, 7.95 Δ으로가장높게측정되었다. 변동의폭은 0.37 ~ 0.77 Δ이었으며유의한차이를나타내지않았다 (p = 0.173). 회선사위에대한이전의연구 [22,23] 에서회선의원인은정확히알려지지않았으나수평동향운동을할때는회선사위의양이변하지않고, 모음이나올릴때외회선사위의양이증가하고, 내림에서는외회선사위의양이감소한다고하였다. 이를근거로수평사위량의변화를분석해보면, 좌안에분리프리즘 6 Δ BU이가입된회선사위의경우하직근작용으로모음과외회선이일어나외사위가감소하는효과가나타나며, 회선사위가없는경우는이러한효과가낮아외사위도가큰것으로설명이가능하다. [14] 이러한해석에대한확실한검정을위해서는회선사위의유형및양에따른수평사위의변화에대한추가적인연구가필요할것으로판단된다. 한편, 수평사위의영향은수직사위와회선사위요인을고려하지않더라도원거리와근거리의수평사위의평균값과표준편차는원거리보다근거리에서더컸다. 이러한결과는 von Graefe검사에서원거리수평사위검사보다근거리수평사위검사가신뢰성이낮고변동성이큰것으로본다. 따라서 von Graefe검사로근거리수평사위검사를시행할때검사의신뢰도를높이는방법은분리프리즘의위 치를하사위쪽에두고, 가림과벗김동작을반복하는플래시노출 (flashed presentation) [6,24] 을시행하거나, 피검자에게손으로근용시표를잡게하여시표의위치를쉽게파악하게하거나, [24] 시험테를사용하여자연스러운상태에서주변융합자극을유도하여근접성조절을최소한으로배제하는것이다. [25] 본연구의결과를종합해볼때, von Graefe검사에서수평사위의측정신뢰도를높이기위해서는수직사위나회선사위가있는경우분리프리즘이수직사위를교정하는방향으로가입하거나수직사위를먼저교정한후에수평사위를평가하는것이유용할것으로판단된다. 결론 Von Graefe검사에의한수평사위검사는 0, 2, 4 Δ BU 분리프리즘조건에서상이분리되지않고융합되는비율이높아분리프리즘으로서역할을다하지못했고, 6 Δ BU 이상의분리프리즘에서상의분리가모두일어났다. 6 Δ BU 이상의분리프리즘에서그양에따른수평사위변화는근거리수평사위측정에서세팅조건별차이가나지않았고, 원거리수평사위검사에서유의한차이를보였다. 또한분리프리즘이클수록상의상하분리는용이하였으나분리된상이상하로일치되는시점을피검자가판단하기가어려웠고, 외안근작용을유발시켜수평사위측정값에영향을주었다. 따라서수평사위측정시분리프리즘의양은외안근작용을최소화하고, 분리된상이상하로일치는시점을피검자가쉽게인식할수있는최소한의분리프리즘인 6 Δ BU이효율적인것으로본다. 수직사위나회선사위가있는경우근거리에서분리프리즘양에따른수평사위의영향은유의한차이를보이지않았다. 그러나원거리에서수직사위가있는경우수평사위측정시보정효과가없는방향의분리프리즘은수평사위에영향이더크며, 보정효과가있는방향의분리프리즘은수평사위에영향이적은것으로나타났다. 원거리에서회선사위가있는경우는회선사위가없는경우보다분리프리즘양에따른수평사위영향은유의한변화를보여분리프리즘이수직사위를보정하는효과가작동되는것으로본다. 따라서 von Graefe검사의측정신뢰도를높일수있는방법으로수직사위나회선사위가있는경우 BU 분리프리즘을하사위눈쪽에가입하거나수직사위를보정한후분리프리즘을세팅하는것이바람직할것이다. REFERENCES [1] Lee KB, Jeon SW, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Park WB, Mah KC et
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7 Influence of Prism on Lateral Phoria in Von Graefe Test 173 Von Graefe 검사에서분리프리즘이수평사위에미치는영향 오광근, 조현국, 문병연, 김상엽, 유동식 * 강원대학교안경광학과, 삼척 투고일 (2017 년 4 월 29 일 ), 수정일 (2017 년 6 월 6 일 ), 게재확정일 (2017 년 6 월 15 일 ) 목적 : Von Graefe 검사에서분리프리즘량이수평사위에미치는지영향을평가하고자하였다. 방법 : 40 명을대상 ( 평균연령 22.10±2.24) 으로자각적굴절검사와사위검사를하였다. Von Graefe 법을이용한수평사위는우안앞에 12 Δ base-in (BI) 의측정프리즘을가입하고좌안앞에 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Δ base-up (BU) 의분리프리즘각각을무작위순서로가입하여수평사위를측정하였다. 분리프리즘의영향은수직사위와회선사위에따라분석하였다. 결과 : 원거리와근거리의수평사위검사에서타깃을분리하는데필요한분리프리즘양은 6 Δ BU 이상이었다. 6, 8, 10 Δ 의분리프리즘을각각가입하여측정된수평사위량는원거리에서분리프리즘의양이증가할수록유의하게감소하였나 (0.37 ~ 0.88 Δ 외사위의감소, p<0.001), 근거리에서는유의한차이를보이지않았다 (p = 0.793). 원거리에서좌안상사위그룹의수평사위량은분리프리즘의양이증가할수록감소하였으나 (0.19 ~ 0.91 Δ 외사위의감소, p = 0.038), 원거리의좌안하사위와정위그룹, 그리고근거리의모든그룹들에서통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다. 회선사위와회선사위가없는그룹에서원거리수평사위량은분리프리즘의양이증가할수록감소하였으나 (0.33~1.02 Δ 외사위량감소, p = 0.001; 0.40~0.80 Δ 외사위의감소, p = 0.014), 근거리의모든그룹에서유의한변화를보이지않았다. 결론 : Von Graefe 검사에서분리프리즘의양은원거리수평사위량에영향을주는것으로나타났고, 이러한효과는분리프리즘이상사위또는회선사위를가진눈에위치할경우더욱더잘드러났다. 수직사위나회선사위가있는경우수평사위량은분리프리즘의위치에따라다를수있을것이다. 따라서 von Graefe 검사의신뢰도를향상하기위해서는하사위를가진눈앞에 BU 의분리프리즘을가입하거나, 수평사위를측정하기전에수직사위를보정해야할것이다. 주제어 : 사위, 수평사위, 수직사위, 회선사위, 분리프리즘, 본그래페, 외사위
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