DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
|
|
- 하라 설
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ISSN(print) (4): , December 2016 < 초청논문 > The Study of Effectiveness of MKH Test Da-young Ko, Dong-hyuk Kim, Na-young Ko, Young-seok Kwon, and Ki-hong Kim* Dept. of Optometry & Vision Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Kyongsan 38430, Korea (Received May 2, 2016: Revised November 29, 2016: Accepted December 1, 2016) Purpose: This study was intended to evaluate an effectiveness of MKH test by measuring and comparing of horizontal and vertical phorias at distance between dissociated phoria tests and MKH (Mess-und Korrektionsmethodik nach H.-J. Haases) associated phoria test. Methods: 80 adults (37 men and 43 women, average age:24.91±4.05) who having no ocular diseases, were to act as experimental subjects. Subjects who having refractive error were fully corrected. Each of the horizontal and vertical distance phoria was measured by MKH test and dissociated phoria tests (Maddox rod test, Von Graefe test, Howell phoria card test). Also the prism prescription values by dissociated phoria tests were compared to them by MKH test. All subjects participated in the survey for evaluating the satisfaction and fatigue degree of the two tests. Results: The average of distance horizontal phoria by MKH test, Maddox rod test, Von Graefe test, Howell phoria card test were 0.64±1.27 Δ, 1.63±2.90 Δ, 1.75±2.84 Δ and 1.54±2.99 Δ respectively. The average of distance vertical phoria by MKH test, Maddox rod test, Von Graefe test were 0.03±0.33 Δ, 0.43±0.95 Δ and 0.30±0.82 Δ respectively. In addition the proportion of orthophoria by horizontal phoria tests using MKH test, Maddox rod test, Von Graefe test, Howell phoria card test were 49%, 7%, 11%, 20% and 89% respectively. The proportion of orthophoria by vertical phoria tests using MKH test, Maddox rod test, Von Graefe test were 89%, 61% and 71% respectively. The base direction of prescription prism by Sheard's criterion and percival s criterion using Maddox Road test, Von greafe test, Howell test were all BO, but prism base direction for prescriptions by the MKH test BI. A ssrvey results showed that 55 people (69%) never experienced a binocular test, 25 people who have experienced the binocular test (31%) never experienced MKH test. Conclusions: The average of distance horizontal phoria by Von Graefe test was the highest exophoria, the average by MKH test was closer to orthophoria than it by the others. The average of distance vertical phoria by MKH test was closer to the orthophoria than averages by the other tests, and the ratio of orthophoria by MKH test was higher than the ratios by the others. However, exophoria measured by only MKH test required a prism prescription. It seems that the differences of environment and method between MKH test and dissociated phoria tests(maddox rod test, Von Graefe test, Howell phoria card test) affect the result. Therefore, it will be helpful in clinical evaluation, if we recognize the difference between dissocciated phoria tests and MKH test, and applicate it with consideration when measuring phoria tests. Key words: Phoria, Dissociated phoria, Associated phoria, MKH test, Moddox rod test, Von Graefe test, Howell phoria card test 서론사위란일반적으로양안시기능을하는일상생활에서는정위와같은안위상태이지만, 융합을제거한상태일때정위가아닌안위상태를말한다. [1] 사위인경우물체를주시할때정위로유지하려면두눈에부담을주어안정피로가발생할수있으며, 프리즘처방, 안위운동훈련, 가입도처방등의안경으로교정하여이러한불편함을줄일수있다. [1,2] 그러나사위측정시, 사위값은검사환경과검사시간, 검사방법에따라달라질수있다. 예를들 어, 임상에서흔히사용하는융합제거사위 (dissociated phoria) 는대부분프리즘분리법으로시야내의주시물체와주변부의물체를거의분리하여측정하지만, 독일의아우겐옵티커들이사용하는일부융합제거사위 (associated phoria) 는시야내의일부물체는융합이되도록하는조건으로측정한다. [3] 또한양안시에대한정보를제공하는사위와주시시차 (fixation disparity, FD) 는서로밀접한관계가있는것으로알려져있다. [4] 주시시차란, 두눈으로주시하고있는주시점이약간의미소한안위이상으로인해양안의중심와내망막대응점에정확하게맺히지는 *Corresponding author: Ki-hong Kim, TEL: , kkh2337@cu.ac.kr 409
2 410 Da-young Ko, Dong-hyuk Kim, Na-young Ko, Young-seok Kwon, and Ki-hong Kim 않지만파늄영역내에있어양안단일시를통해융합을할수있는상태이다. [5,6] FD를감각성기능관점에서접근하는독일식검안은프리즘처방시완전교정을원칙으로하는반면, FD에대해운동성기능에기반에둔영미식검안은시기능분석을하여프리즘처방의시행유무를정하고프리즘을처방할때는부분처방을원칙으로한다. [3,7] 실제 Hans Joachim Haase가개발한독일의 FD를고려한일부융합제거사위검사즉, MKH(Mess-und Korrektionsmethodik nach H.-J. Haase) 는일반적으로미국, 호주등영어권국가보다독일과다른유럽국가에서많이사용되고있다. [8,9] 독일과미국의근시등단안비정시에대한검사방법은거의비슷하지만프리즘처방은검사환경과방법에많은차이가있는것으로알려져있으며, 현재한국에서는독일식보다영미식검안에익숙한실정이다. [3] 따라서본연구에서는임상에서주로사용되고있는융합제거사위검사와일부융합제거사위검사인 MKH 검사에따른원거리사위검사를비교해보고어떠한차이가있는지알아봄으로써양안시기능의진단과처방에도움이되고자한다. 대상및방법 1. 대상 2015년 3월부터 2016년 3월까지각막굴절교정및안과관련수술경험이없고, 전신질환이나안질환이없으며노안을제외하고양안교정시력이 1.0 이상인성인 80명을대상으로실험을실시하였다. 모든참가자들은실험연구에취지를이해하고동의를하였으며, 남자 37명, 여자 43 명으로평균연령은 24.91±4.05세였다. 모든대상자들의검사측정은동일한장소및환경에서실시하였다. 2. 방법완전교정된모든참가자를대상으로원거리에서의융합제거사위검사와일부융합제거사위검사인 MKH 검사에따른사위검사를실시하였다. 먼저융합제거사위검사는포롭터 (Ultramatic RX Master TM phoroptor, Reichert, USA) 를사용하였고, 일상시생활과비슷한환경에서시행하는 MKH 검사는 Pola test 기기 (VISUSCREEN 500, ZEISS, Germany) 와시야가제한되는포롭터대신검사테 (OCULUS Trial Frame, OCULUS, Germany) 를사용하여실시하였다. 모든검사는동일한크기의검안실에서실시하였다. 검사실의조도에대해 Woo와 Long이시표면의조도는 800~1,000 lux가적당하고시표주위의조도는 130~215 lux가적당하다고언급한것과같이 [11] 융합제거사위검사의조도는반암실 (130~215 lux) 상태로유지하였고, [12] 일상생활환경과같은조도에서시행하는 MKH 검사 [13] 는밝은환경 (500~1000 lux) 에서실시하였다. 1) 융합제거사위검사에대한사위검사수평방향사위검사로는마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사를사용하였으며, 수직방향사위검사로는마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법을실시하였다. 마독스로드검사는우안에 Red Maddox rod를장착하고좌안에로타리프리즘을장착한후점시표를사용하여점광원과선조광이일치할때에사위도를기록하였다. 프리즘분리법은융합제거를위해우안에 6 Δ BU을장착하고좌안에로타리프리즘을장착한후 0.7 시표를사용하여분리된두시표가나란할때에사위도를기록하였다. [1,2,14] 통상적인사위검사법으로많이사용되는하웰사위카드검사 [15] 는우안에 6 Δ BD을가입하여두개로시표를분리하여화살표의방향을사위도로기록하였다. 또한본연구에서는수평프리즘처방의기준이되는쉐어드기준 (Sheard's criterion) 과퍼시벌기준 (Percival's criterion) 을구하기위해개산여력 (BI 이향운동 ) 및폭주여력 (BO 이향운동 ) 검사를실시했다. 여력검사는눈앞 40 cm에서수직일렬시표를주시하여두눈에 BI과 BO 프리즘을점차증가시켜흐린점, 파괴점, 회복점을측정하였다. 2) MKH 검사에대한사위검사 MKH는 1950년대중반독일의 Hans Joachim Haase가고안한양안시검사이다. 안위이상을세분화된일부융합제거사위검사를통해프리즘정밀교정을하는 MKH는 Mess-und Korrektionsmethodik nach H.-J. Haase 으로 H.-J. Haase에따른검사및교정방법 이라는뜻이다. [8] MKH 검사의기본적인시표인십자시표 (K, Cross test), 시계침시표 (Z, Pointer test), ㄷ 자시표 (HRT, Rectangle test), 삼각형입체시시표 (St, Stereo triangle test), 입체시균형시표 (V, Stereo-balance test) [16] 사용하였다. 검사순서는 K, Z, HRT, St, V, 역방향검사, K 순으로실시하였다. 검사테는편광축이 45 방향으로편광렌즈를우안에장입하고, 편광축이 135 방향으로편광렌즈를좌안에장입하였다. 두눈이동시에시표를주시할때고시점을제외한한쪽방향의시표가사라지거나보이지않는경우에는억제가있는것으로판단하고검사에서제외하였다. 만약시표가어긋나보이면그편위량을측정하고프리즘바를이용하여원거리수평, 수직방향의자각적 FD 교정값을측정하였다. 3) 융합제거사위검사와 MKH 검사에대한설문조사모든검사를마친후에는참가자들을대상으로융합제거사위검사와 MKH 검사의경험여부와만족도에대한단일선택형 ( 기타 ) 설문조사를실시하였다.
3 The Study of Effectiveness of MKH Test 411 4) 통계측정된검사결과는 SPSS version 20.0을사용하여통계처리하였다. 융합제거사위검사와 MKH 검사결과에대하여상관분석과빈도분석, 일원배치분산분석을이용하여비교하였다. 또한융합제거사위검사와 MKH 검사의경험여부와만족도에대한설문조사는빈도분석을실시하였다. 모든통계의판정은 95% 신뢰구간으로 p-value가 p<0.05일때통계적으로유의한것으로정의하였다. 결과및고찰 1. 각검사에따른사위평균및분류본연구에서는사위검사의모든검사값은통계를위해수치화시켜수평방향사위에서는외사위는 ( ) 값으로, 정 위는 0, 내사위는 (+) 값으로표기하였으며, 수직방향사위에서는우안기준좌안하사위는 ( ) 값으로, 정위는 0, 우안기준좌안상사위는 (+) 값으로표기하였다. MKH 검사의사위값이미국식 21항목검사에서의마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사보다정위에가까운경향을보였다. 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사의수평사위평균은각각 1.63±2.90 Δ, 1.75±2.84 Δ, 1.54±2.99 Δ으로측정되었으며, MKH 검사에서는 0.64±1.27 Δ으로나타났다. 또한마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, MKH 검사의수직방향사위평균은각각 0.43±0.95 Δ, 0.30±0.82 Δ, 0.04±0.34 Δ으로측정되었다 (Table 1). 통계적으로보았을때수평방향사위값에서프리즘분리법검사와 MKH 검사의수평사위값이유의한차이가 Table 1. Mean and standard deviation of phorias Phoria test Exo(Δ) Eso(Δ) Max Minium Max Minium Mean±SD(Δ) Maddox rod test ±2.90 Horizontal Von Graefe test ±2.84 Howell phoria card test ±2.99 MKH test ±1.27 Maddox rod test ±0.95 Vertical Von Graefe test ±0.82 MKH test ±0.34 SD: standard deviation Table 2. Analysis of variance of phorias Phoria test Average difference SE Horizontal Vertical SE: standard error * Statistically significant if p<0.05 Maddox rod test Von Graefe test Howell phoria card test Maddox rod test Von Graefe test * P-value Von Graefe test Howell phoria card test MKH test Maddox rod test Howell phoria card test MKH test * Maddox rod test Von Graefe test MKH test Von Graefe test MKH test * Maddox rod test MKH test
4 412 Da-young Ko, Dong-hyuk Kim, Na-young Ko, Young-seok Kwon, and Ki-hong Kim Fig. 1. Frequency analysis of phorias by binocular tests. 있었으며, 수직방향사위값에서는마독스로드검사와 MKH 검사의수직사위값이유의한차이가있는것으로나타났다 (Table 2). 또한정위, 내사위, 외사위로수평방향사위를분류하였으며, 수직방향사위는정위, 우안상사위, 우안하사위로분류하였다. 수평방향사위의분류는마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사결과모두외사위가가장높은비율을차지하였으나, MKH 검사결과는외사 위보다정시의비율이더높은경향을보였다. 반면수직방향사위의분류는마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, MKH 검사결과모두정위의비율이가장높게나타났다 (Fig. 1). 2. 각검사에따른수평사위처방 MKH 검사는 FD를고려하여프리즘을완전처방하는반면융합제거사위검사에해당하는마독스로드검사, 프
5 The Study of Effectiveness of MKH Test 413 Table 3. Comparison of prism prescriptions Phoria Phoria test Prism prescription criterion N Mean±SD(Δ) F p Maddox rod test Sheard's criterion ±2.46 Percival's criterion ±2.71 MKH test ±1.29 Sheard's criterion ±2.68 Von Graefe test Exo Percival's criterion ±2.69 MKH test ±1.29 Howell phoria card test Sheard's criterion ±2.86 Percival's criterion ±2.88 MKH test ±1.29 Maddox rod test Sheard's criterion ±2.17 Percival's criterion ±3.43 MKH test ±0.49 Sheard's criterion ±2.19 Von Graefe test Eso Percival's criterion ±3.28 MKH test ±0.49 Howell phoria card test Sheard's criterion ±2.21 Percival's criterion ±3.21 MKH test ±0.49 Plus sign denotes BO and minus sign denotes BI Fig. 2. Analysis surveys of binocular tests. 리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사는측정된프리즘양의크기를감하여부분처방한다. 프리즘처방도수는융합제 거사위로부터측정한사위와여력검사를통해쉐어드기준과퍼시벌기준으로각각산출하였다.
6 414 Da-young Ko, Dong-hyuk Kim, Na-young Ko, Young-seok Kwon, and Ki-hong Kim Fig. 3. Analysis surveys of satisfactions and unsatisfaction with dissociated phoria tests and MKH. 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사를통한외사위의프리즘처방도수는쉐어드기준과퍼시벌기준을적용했을때모두 BO이었으나일부융합제거사위검사인 MKH 검사를적용했을때는처방이필요한 BI이었다. 또한마독스로드검사와프리즘분리법에서 3 가지기준에의한프리즘처방도수는서로유의한차이가있는것으로나타났다. 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사를통한내사위의프리즘처방도수는퍼시벌기준의하웰사위카드검사와일부융합제거사위검사인 MKH 검사를적용했을때는처방이필요한 BO이었고, 나머지는모두 BI이었다 (Table 3). 4. 융합제거사위검사와 MKH 검사에대한설문조사분석참가자를대상으로한설문조사에서양안시검사경험여부에대해총 80명중 25명 (31%) 이양안시검사를경험한적이있고, 나머지 55명 (69%) 은양안시검사경험이없다고응답했다. 양안시검사를경험한 25명중 MKH 검사를경험해본참가자는없었다. 양안시검사를실시하지않는안경원에비해양안시검사를실시하는안경원에대한신뢰도에대한응답으로 63명 (79%) 이높다, 6명 (8%) 은낮다, 11명 (14%) 은비슷하다를선택했다. 80명중 57명 (71%) 이융합제거사위검사와 MKH 검사중 MKH 검사를더선호한다고응답했다 (Fig. 2). 57명중 MKH 검사를선호하는이유는시간적인이유 (30%) 가가장많았고, 기타의견 (9%) 으로는일상생활과비슷한밝은환경등이있었다. 반면융합제거사위검사를 선호하지않은이유에대해서는 21명 (37%) 이눈의피로감을선택했다. MKH 검사보다융합제거사위검사를더만족스러워한 23명 (28%) 중 10명 (44%) 은융합제거사위검사에대한신뢰도가 MKH보다높았기때문인것으로응답했다. 반면 MKH 검사를선택하지않은이유에대해서는융합제거사위검사를더만족스러워한 23명 (28%) 중 9 명 (39%) 이검사에대한신뢰도가낮았기때문인것으로응답했다 (Fig. 3). 결론 본연구는융합제거사위검사에서주로사용되는사위검사 ( 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법검사, 하웰사위카드검사 ) 와 MKH 검사에따른원거리수평및수직사위검사를비교해보았다. 선행연구에의하면사위검사는동일한대상자를측정하더라도검사법의융합기능의차단정도에따라결과값이다르게나올수있기때문에검사방법과특성에대한이해가필요하다고보고된바있다. [3] 심등 [17] 의연구에의하면원거리에서의마독스로드검사와프리즘분리법을비교하였을때프리즘분리법이마독스로드검사보다외사위방향으로더크게나왔다. 또한전등의연구에의하면프리즘분리법이마독스로드검사보다외사위가높게측정된다고하였다. [18] 또한일부융합제거사위는 FD를 0으로감소시키는데필요한가장작은프리즘의양으로정의되며, [19] 최근에는프리즘을보정하기위한지표로완전융합제거검사보다두눈이거의
7 The Study of Effectiveness of MKH Test 415 동일하게자극을받아자연스러운상태에서실시하는일부융합제거사위검사를더선호하는편이다. [20-23] MKH 검사는일반적으로이러한융합자극점이있는일부융합제거사위검사를사용하며, 포롭터보다시야제한에자유로운시험테를이용하여최대한자연시에가깝게밝은환경에서의양안시를하는자연시에가까운상태로측정한다. [3] Frantz 등 [24] 은양안시검사에서포롭터에의해발생되는근접성버전스와주변시야의제한등이눈의위치에영향을줄수있음을제안했다. 본연구결과, 원거리수평사위평균값은프리즘분리법이가장외사위방향으로측정되었으며, MKH 검사의평균값이마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사의평균값보다정위에가까웠다. 이는 MKH 검사가포롭터가아닌시험테를사용하고, 일상생활과같이밝은환경과융합자극점이있는일부융합제거사위검사인점이복합적으로결과값에영향을준것으로사료된다. 하지만평균적으로외사위인경우 MKH 검사로측정된경우에만프리즘처방이필요한것으로나타났다. 검사결과에의하면 MKH 검사, 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법검사, 하웰사위카드검사의원거리수평사위평균이 0.64±1.27 Δ, 1.63±2.90 Δ, 1.75±2.84 Δ, 1.54±2.99 Δ으로측정된것으로미뤄보아참가자대부분이정위에가까운편이였고, 이는 MKH 검사와융합제거사위검사의서로다른검사처방이영향을미친것으로보인다. 융합제거사위검사에서양안시가저하된눈의일반적인대처방법으로는프리즘처방외에도 (+), ( ) 렌즈부가법, 차폐법, 시기능훈련 VT 등이있으며, 프리즘처방시에는조절력, 조절성폭주비 AC/A, 융합력을고려하여프리즘양을감하여부분처방한다. 하지만일부융합제거사위검사인독일의 MKH 검사는검출된프리즘값을완전교정한다. 본연구의설문조사를통한결과에따르면과거 MKH 검사를경험한참가자는거의없었지만, 융합제거사위검사와 MKH 검사의선호도조사에서는 MKH 검사를더많이선호한것으로나타났다. 또한 MKH 검사는검사방법과프리즘처방이간단하며일상생활환경과비슷한환경에서실시하기때문에양안시검사시임상에서유용하게활용할수있을것으로사료된다. 따라서검사방법및환경이서로다른 MKH 검사와융합제거사위검사의차이를인지하고함께고려하여실제임상에적용한다면양안시평가에도움이될것으로보여진다. REFERENCES [1] Casillas EA, Rosenfield M. Comparison of subjective heterophoria: testing with a phoropter and trial frame. Optom Vis Sci. 2006;83(4): [2] Escalante JB, Rosenfield M. Effect of heterophoria measurement technique on the clinical accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio. J Am Optom Assoc. 2006;77: [3] Sung PJ. Optometry, 8th Ed. Seoul: Daihak Publishing company. 2013; [4] North RV, Henson DB, Smith TJ. Influence of proximal, accommodative and disparity stimuli upon the vergence system. Ophthal Physiol Opt. 1993;13(3): [5] Cline D, Hofstettet HW, Griffin JR. Dictionary of visual science. 4th Ed. Radnor PA, Chilton: Chilton Publishing. 1989;205. [6] Karania R, Evans BJ. The Mallett fixation disparity test: influence of test instructions and relationship with symptoms. Ophthal Physiol Opt. 2006;26(5): [7] London R, Crelier RS. Fixation disparity analysis: sensory and motor approaches. Optometry. 2006;77(12): [8] Mosaad A. MKH-Haase. Charts of binocular vision measurements: repeatability and validity of associated phoria and stereotests. Master's thesis. Waterloo. University of Waterloo. 2013;3-4. [9] Schroth V. MKH in Theorie und praxis. 2nd Ed. Heidelberg. Doz verlag. 2001; [10] Kim JK. Visual function tests and analysis. Seoul. Shinkwang Publishing Company. 1996; [11] Han SH, Kim BH, Yoon JH, Lee SE, Park SM, Jeong JH, Kim EJ. Change in the eyes refractive power and pupil s size following intensity of illumination using Auto Ref- Keratometer. Korean J. Vis. Sci. 2013;(15):1-7. [12] Sim JB. The difference of binocular refraction and monocular vision and comparison of distance lateral phoria. Master's thesis. Naju. University of Dongsin. 2010;21. [13] Kim HI. MKH Theory and Practice, Seoul. Daihak Publishing company. 2006; [14] Rainey BB, Schroeder TL, Goss DA, Grosvenor TP. Interexaminer repeatability of heterophoria tests. Optom Vis Sic. 1998;75(10): [15] Carson NB, Kurtz D. Clinical procedures for ocular examination, 3th Ed. Seoul. Daihak Publishing company. 2008; [16] Heinz D. Refraktionsbestimmung. 3th ed. Heidlegerg. DOZ-Verlag. 2004; [17] Sim HS, Lee SW, Jang SJ. Investigation of the horizontal heterophoria measurement at distance by various testing method. 2003;6(2): [18] Jeon IC, Mak JC, Jang MH, Doo HY. Comparison of repeatability of heterophoria measurement techniques by gradient AC/A ratio. Korean J. Vis. Scl. 2008;10(2): [19] Brownlee, GA, Goss, DA. Comparisons of commercially available devices for the measurement of fixation dispar-
8 416 Da-young Ko, Dong-hyuk Kim, Na-young Ko, Young-seok Kwon, and Ki-hong Kim ity and associated phorias. J Am Optom Assoc. 1988; 59(6): [20] Jaschinski W. The proximity-fixation-disparity curve and the preferred viewing distance at a visual display as an indicator of near vision fatigue. Optom Vis Sci. 2002; 79: [21] Jenkins TC, Pickwell LD, Yekta AA. Criteria for decompensation in binocular vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1989;9: [22] Pickwell LD, Kaye NA, Jenkins TC. Distance and near readings of associated heterophoria taken on 500 patients. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1991;11: [23] Yekta AA, Pickwell LD, Jenkins TC. Binocular vision, age and symptoms. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1989;9: [24] Frantz KA, Scharre JE. Comparison of disparometer fixation disparity curves as measured with and without the phoropter. Optom Vis Sci. 1990;67: MKH 검사의유용성에대한연구 고다영, 김동혁, 고나영, 권영석, 김기홍 * 대구가톨릭대학교안경광학과, 경산 투고일 (2016 년 5 월 2 일 ), 수정일 (2016 년 11 월 29 일 ), 게재확정일 (2016 년 12 월 1 일 ) 목적 : 본연구는융합제거사위검사와일부융합제거사위검사인 MKH(Mess-und Korrektionsmethodik nach H.-J. Hasses) 검사로원거리수평및수직사위값을측정하고비교하여 MKH 검사의유용성에대해알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 안질환이없는성인 80 명 ( 남자 37 명, 여자 43 명, 평균연령 24.91±4.05 세 ) 을대상으로굴절이상자는완전교정한후, 실험의대상자로참여하였다. 일부융합제거사위검사인 MKH 검사와융합제거사위검사인마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사를통해각각의원거리수평및수직사위값을측정하였다. 또한융합제거사위검사와 MKH 검사의프리즘처방값을비교하였다. 모든피검자들은두가지검사의피로도와만족도에관한설문조사에참여했다. 결과 : MKH 검사, 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사의원거리수평사위평균은 0.64±1.27 Δ, 1.63±2.90 Δ, 1.75±2.84 Δ, 1.54±2.99 Δ 으로측정되었다. MKH 검사, 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법의원거리수직사위평균은 0.03±0.33 Δ, 0.43±0.95 Δ, 0.30±0.82 Δ 으로측정되었다. 또한 MKH 검사, 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사의원거리수평사위검사에서측정된정위의비율은 49%, 7%, 11%, 20% 였다. MKH 검사, 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법의원거리수직사위검사에서측정된정위의비율은 89%, 61%, 71% 였다. 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사에의한쉐어드기준과퍼시벌기준의프리즘처방평균은모두 BO 이었으나, MKH 검사에의한프리즘처방값은 BI 이었다. 설문조사에따른양안시검사경험여부에대해 55 명 (69%) 은양안시검사경험이없었으며, 양안시검사를경험한 25 명 (31%) 중 MKH 검사를경험해본참가자는없었다. 결론 : 원거리수평사위평균값은프리즘분리법에서외사위가가장높았으며, MKH 검사가다른검사법보다정위에가까웠다. 원거리수직사위평균값은 MKH 검사가다른검사법보다정위에가까웠고정위의비율도높았다. 그러나프리즘처방은외사위인경우 MKH 검사로측정된경우에만프리즘처방이필요했다. 이는일부융합제거사위검사인 MKH 검사와융합제거사위검사 ( 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사 ) 의서로다른검사환경과방법의차이가검사결과값에영향을미치는것으로보인다. 따라서사위측정시융합제거사위검사와일부융합제거사위검사인 MKH 검사의차이를인지하고함께고려하여적용한다면임상평가에도움이될것으로보여진다. 주제어 : 사위, 융합제거사위검사, 일부융합제거사위검사, MKH 검사, 마독스로드검사, 프리즘분리법, 하웰사위카드검사
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 22(2):167-173, June 2017 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2017.22.2.167 Influence of Prism on Lateral Phoria in Von Graefe Test Kwang-Keun Oh, Hyun Gug Cho, Byeong-Yeon Moon,
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(1):53-59, March 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.1.53 Phoria Changes Caused by Lens Adaptation after Wearing of Horizontal Prism Lens and Spherical Lens Min
More information<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>
대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실
More informationLumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
More information012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
More information???? 1
The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 23(1):31-38, March 2018 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2018.23.1.31 Comparative Interpretation of Clinical Data and Their Correlations in Binocular Tests Dong-Sik Yu, Hyun
More information한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구
한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
More information(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re
EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern
More information878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales
More information슬라이드 1
Cover Test ( 차폐검사 ) 차폐검사 (Cover Test) : 안위이상의정성적검사 정위와사위또는사시의구분과안위이상의방향검사 차폐검사의종류 1) 가림검사 (cover test, CT) : 정위 ( 또는사위 ) 와사시의판별 차폐되지않은눈의움직임관찰 2) 가림-가림벗김검사 (cover-uncover test, CUT) : 정위와사위의판별 - 차폐하였다가제거한눈의움직임관찰
More information현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구
한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation
More information인문사회과학기술융합학회
Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement
More informationKor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on
More informationAnalysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
More information- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
More information139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ
2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(2):127-135, June 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.2.127 The Functional Change of Accommodation and Convergence in the Mid-Forties by Using Smartphone Ki-il
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster
More information975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호
Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(1):77-81, March 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.1.77 Loss of Corrected Visual Acuity According to Different Meridional Visual Acuity in Astigmatic Eyes Na
More information- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: An Exploratory Stud
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.423-441 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.423 An Exploratory Study on the Improvement of Democratic Consultative Culture
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty
More information歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF
The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)
More information07_Àü¼ºÅÂ_0922
176 177 1) 178 2) 3) 179 4) 180 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 181 11) 12) 182 13) 14) 15) 183 16) 184 185 186 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 187 22) 23) 24) 25) 188 26) 27) 189 28) 29) 30)31) 32) 190 33) 34) 35) 36) 191 37)
More information09È«¼®¿µ5~152s
Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,
More information03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
More information서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
More information<31372D30342D303628B1E8BDC2C7F62DBCADC7FDC1F829313532352E687770>
대한안과학회지 2014년 제 55 권 제 10 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(10):1525-1529 pissn: 0378-6471 eissn: 2092-9374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.10.1525 Original Article 외편위 환자에서 3D TV 시청이 사시각 및 굴절이상에
More informationEffects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis
More information386-390.hwp
386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon
More information,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;
,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).
More information14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
More informationAnalyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
More informationÆ÷Àå82š
Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose
More informationKinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc
Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(2):119-126, June 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.2.119 Effect of Accommodation Control by Applying Fogging Method in Subjective Refraction and Auto-Refraction
More information09권오설_ok.hwp
(JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction
More information歯1.PDF
200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)
More information서론
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jul.; 27(7), 625634. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.7.625 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Near-Field
More information(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228
(JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method
More information#Ȳ¿ë¼®
http://www.kbc.go.kr/ A B yk u δ = 2u k 1 = yk u = 0. 659 2nu k = 1 k k 1 n yk k Abstract Web Repertoire and Concentration Rate : Analysing Web Traffic Data Yong - Suk Hwang (Research
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although
More information12이문규
Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental
More information<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>
주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율
More informationA Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 23(1):47-56, March 2018 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2018.23.1.47 The Change of Convergence Function of Convergence Insufficiency in Their Twenties after Doing Near Work
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina
More information상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /
,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;
More information,......
The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of
More information歯14.양돈규.hwp
: The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education
More information1..
Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized
More information,. 3D 2D 3D. 3D. 3D.. 3D 90. Ross. Ross [1]. T. Okino MTD(modified time difference) [2], Y. Matsumoto (motion parallax) [3]. [4], [5,6,7,8] D/3
Depth layer partition 2D 3D a), a) 3D conversion of 2D video using depth layer partition Sudong Kim a) and Jisang Yoo a) depth layer partition 2D 3D. 2D (depth map). (edge directional histogram). depth
More information590호(01-11)
T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government
More informationePapyrus PDF Document
육아지원연구 2008. 제 3권 1 호, 147-170 어린이집에서의 낮잠에 대한 교사와 부모의 인식 및 실제 이 슬 기(동작구 보육정보센터)* 1) 요 약 본 연구의 목적은 어린이집에서의 일과 중 낮잠 시간에 대한 교사와 부모의 인식 및 실제를 알아봄 으로써, 교사와 부모의 협력을 통해 바람직한 낮잠 시간을 모색해 보는 데 있었다. 연구 대상은 서울, 경기지역
More informationAbstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
More information±èÇ¥³â
533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance
More information278 경찰학연구제 12 권제 3 호 ( 통권제 31 호 )
여성경찰관의직업윤리의식결정요인분석 * An Analysis of Determinantal Factors Influencing Professional Ethical Standards of South Korean Police Women 신문희 ** 이영민 *** Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 이론적배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과 Ⅴ. 결론 Ⅰ. 서론 278 경찰학연구제 12
More information이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp
住居環境 韓國住居環境學會誌 第 11 卷 1 號 ( 通卷第 20 號 ) pp. 159~172 투고 ( 접수 ) 일 : 2013.02.28. 게재확정일자 : 2013.04.04. The change of housing choice by characteristics of the Baby Boomers Lee, Yong-Seok Park, Hwan-Yong Abstract
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences
More information< C1A4BFACC8AB2DC3F8C1A4B9E6BDC4BFA120B5FBB8A52E687770>
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 19, No. 8 pp. 353-359, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2018.19.8.353 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 정연홍국제대학교안경광학과 Comparison of Accuracy
More information<5B313132385D32303039B3E220C1A634B1C720C1A632C8A320B3EDB9AEC1F628C3D6C1BE292E687770>
디지털 영상에서의 자막추출을 이용한 자막 특성 분석에 관한 연구 이세열 * 요약 본 연구는 방송 프로그램 제작에 있어서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 영상 자막의 특성과 영상 커 뮤니케이션 기능적인 관점에서 나타나고 있는 현상을 살펴본다. 다양한 방송 프로그램에서 활용되고 있는 디지털 영상 자막의 기능은 단순하게 간략한 정보를 전달하는 기능적인 역할을 수행하였다.
More informationKbcs002.hwp
Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,
More informationISO17025.PDF
ISO/IEC 17025 1999-12-15 1 2 3 4 41 42 43 44, 45 / 46 47 48 49 / 410 411 412 413 414 5 51 52 53 54 / 55 56 57 58 / 59 / 510 A( ) ISO/IEC 17025 ISO 9001:1994 ISO 9002:1994 B( ) 1 11 /, / 12 / 1, 2, 3/ (
More information황지웅
Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities
More informationTHE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS
More informationhwp
심사위원 심사위원 심사위원 인 인 인 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - Ⅰ. 서 - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - 항목 건강하지못하다 주관적구강상태 보통이다
More information원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현
원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함
More information( )Kju269.hwp
만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University
More information54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3
27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: The Effect of Caree
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.325-349 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.325 The Effect of Career Preparation Behavior Before and After Major Transitions
More information11¹ÚÇý·É
Journal of Fashion Business Vol. 6, No. 5, pp.125~135(2002) The Present State of E-Business according to the Establishment Year and the Sales Approach of Dongdaemun Clothing Market Park, Hea-Ryung* and
More information001HKT노안리플렛A4(20)
커스텀뷰 노안 수술 돋보기안경 없이 먼 곳과 가까운 곳 모두 OK! 젊은 눈으로 즐기는 아름다운 중년과 활기찬 노년 40대 이후 중 장년층도 돋보기안경 없이 신문과 글을 읽고, 레포츠와 자유로운 일상생활을 만끽할 수 있습니다. 미국 최고 안과의료기관인 마이애미의 바스컴 팔머 아이 인스티튜트(Bascom Palmer Eye Institute) 의료진과 협력하여
More information16_이주용_155~163.hwp
사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 22(2):119-126, June 2017 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2017.22.2.119 Study of Change of Fatigue and Visual Function before and after Viewing 2D and 3D at Near Distance
More information. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )
. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).
More informationJkcs022(89-113).hwp
대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo
More information(5차 편집).hwp
(215), 54(1), 17-3 211 STEAM,.. STEAM, STEAM, 5~6 11.,., 5~6...,. (, 21)., 29. (,, 212). 211 STEAM * :, E-mail: njkwon@hanmail.net http://dx.doi.org/1.15812/ter.54.1.2153.17 (215), 54(1), 17-3,. (Arts)
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
ISSN(print) 1226-5012 21(4):377-383, December 2016 < 초청논문 > http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.4.377 Factors Influencing Subjective Satisfaction on Wearing Progressive Addition Lenses Kyungmin Ji
More information노인정신의학회보14-1호
제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT
More informationJournal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A S
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem
More information<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770>
88 / 한국전산유체공학회지 제15권, 제1호, pp.88-94, 2010. 3 관내 유동 해석을 위한 웹기반 자바 프로그램 개발 김 경 성, 1 박 종 천 *2 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED JAVA PROGRAM FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PIPE FLOW K.S. Kim 1 and J.C. Park *2 In general,
More informationDBPIA-NURIMEDIA
The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze
More information