Precision Measurement Chapter 4 각도측정
4.1 각도의기준 R=1
라디안을쓰는이유
4.2 각도의단위
1 도 (, degree) : 1 = 60 = 3600 = π/180 rad 1 분 (, arcminute) : 1 = 60 = 1/60 1 초 (, arcsecond) : 1 = 1/60 = 1/3600 1 라디안 (rad, radian) : 1 rad = 180/π (π = 원주율 = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795)
4.3 각도게이지 4.3.1 요한슨식 : 85 개조, 49 개조 요한슨식각도게이지 요한슨식각도게이지조합예 4.3.2 N.P.L 식 : 12 개 NPL 식각도게이지조합예
Angle Gage Blocks
Combination of angle gages Schematic showing the additive and the subtractive assemblies of the same pair of angle gage blocks
Applications of angle blocks Application of angle gage blocks in setting a tiltable magnetic chuck
Applications of angle blocks Angle gage-block stack supporting an angular part for the inspection of its actual angle
A Vertical Angle (Elevation +ve) Horizontal Angles P Vertical Angle (Depression -ve.) B
GDO is not a correct name for the angle below. What would be a correct name? D DOG GOD O G O
What is the measure of the angle below? 50 degrees
What is the measure of the angle below? 125 degrees
What is the measure of the angle below? 170 degrees
What is the measure of the angle below? 45 degrees
What is the measure of the angle below? 133 degrees
Measuring Angles Units are degrees (º)
4.4 각도정규 (bevel protractor) 1. Combination Squares. 강철자, 직각측정용스퀘어헤드, 각도측정용프로트랙터헤드, 원형의중심금긋기용센터헤드, 기울기를측정할수있는수준기로구성되어있다.
2. Solid and Adjustable Squares.
3. Uses of Combination Squares.
4. Using Solid Steel Squares.
5. Beveled Edge Squares.
6. Cylindrical Squares. Made in 4, 6 and 12 lengths. Used as master squares to check other squares. Thick-walled, alloy steel cylinder (hardened, ground, and lapped). STEPS: Place in contact with work. Turn until no light is seen between. Uppermost curved line shows squareness.
4.5 정반 (surface plate) (1) 주철정반가로 세로 높이중량 ( 개 ) 1 급 2 급 300 200 75 14kg 5μm 10μm 300 300 85 25kg 6 12 450 300 100 33kg 6 12 500 500 125 100kg 10 20 600 450 125 100kg 10 20 600 600 130 150kg 10 20 750 500 140 150kg 10 20 KS 등급 : 0,1,2,3 급재료 : 회주철 GC20 이상 900 600 150 250kg 10 20 1,000 750 190 330kg 12.6 25.2 1,000 1,000 220 470kg 13.4 26.8 1,200 900 220 500kg 14 28 1,500 1,000 240 980 kg 15.8 31.6 2,000 1,000 250 1,500 kg 3,000 2,000 300 2,500 kg
(2) 석정반 호칭 가로 세로 높이 중량 ( 개 ) 00급 0급 1 300 300 80 27( kg ) 2μm 3μm 2 450 300 100 41 2 3 3 500 500 100 75 2 4 4 600 450 100 81 2 4 5 600 600 130 135 3 5 6 750 500 130 141 3 5 7 900 600 150 300 3 5 8 1000 750 180 340 3 6.3 9 1000 1000 200 450 3.3 6.7 10 1200 900 200 800 3.3 7 11 1500 1000 230 900 4 7.9 12 2000 1000 250 1500 6 9.2 13 2000 1500 250 2000 7 10 14 2400 1200 250 2000 8 11 15 3000 1500 300 4000 8 12
석정반의특징 1. 시간에따른변형이적다 2. 상처발생시동기가없다 3. 녹이슬지않는다 4. 온도변화에민감하지않다 5. 비자성, 비전도체이므로자성체측정이가능하다 6. 경도가높고유지비가적게든다 7. 밀착을잘일으키지않는다 석정반이갖추어야할조건 1. 내마모성이커야한다 2. 경도가높아야한다 3. 가공이쉬워야한다 4. 변형이적고강성 (stiffness) 이커야한다
4.6 광선정반 (optical flat) 간섭무늬 : 빛의간섭현상에의하여생기는동심원모양으로된흑백의줄무늬. 단색광 ( 單色光 ) 에서는흑백의무늬가나타나며, 백색광 ( 白色光 ) 에서는무지개빛깔의무늬가나타난다. 입사된평행광선 A 와 B 는유리밑면 D 에서반사하고일부는투과하여측정면 C 에서반사한다공기중에서측정면에닿아서반사시 -180 도위상차 ( 반파장의위상차 )
공기층의두께 공기층의두께는반파장이변할때마다간섭무늬가발생
Optical flat 의종류와등급 사용면 : 한쪽면과양쪽면지름 : 45, 60, 80, 100, 130mm
Optical flat 의사용법
4.7 수준기 (level) 수준기는수평, 수직의평가와미소경사측정에이용 그림에서한눈금의길이를 a, 1 눈금의경사각도 ( 초 ) ρ, 곡률반경 R 이라면
Spirit level l R
수준기감도 : 기포관속의기포를 1 눈금 (2mm) 편위시키는데필요한경사 ( 밑면 1m 에대한높이또는각도 ( 초 )) 수준기감도 3 종 : (0.02mm/m, 0.05mm/m, 0.1mm/m) 기울기 1 초는밑변 1m 인직각삼각형높이가 4.85um( 약 5um) 0.02mm/m = 20um/m = 4 초 0.05mm/m = 50um/m = 10 초 0.1mm/m = 100um/m = 20 초에해당
0.05mm/m 인수준기기포가 2mm 이동시경사도 10 초가되기위한곡률반경은약 40m 이다
Electronic Levels
Electronic Level
Electronic Level
4.8 사인바를이용한각도측정
삼각함수 (Sin) 을이용한각도측정용기구로, 크기는롤러중심간의거리로나타내며, 100mm, 200mm 가주로사용된다. 각도설정오차 (T=H-h)
탄젠트바
게이지블록과롤러에의한각도측정
4.9 원뿔의테이퍼측정
사인바 (Sin center) 에의한테이퍼측정 테이퍼게이지에의한테이퍼측정 테이퍼게이지 ( 턱진형 ) 테이퍼게이지 ( 눈금형 )
h1 B Roller 에의한테이퍼측정 D2 테이퍼각 : M2 테이퍼량 : M1 소단경 : D1 대단경 : - H : 게이지블록치수 - B : 테이퍼부의길이
Ball 을이용한내측테이퍼측정
더브테일측정
4.10 오토콜리메이터 (autocollimator)
십자선
광학기기위치조정 광로를 90 도변경, penta-prism
Penta-prism 대신 mirror 로교환 mirror
Leica autocollimator lens LED lens cross prism lens eye xyz stage
Transit mode LED light (off) on axis target 1 axis target 2 lens cross prism eye
Transit mode LED light (off) on axis target 1 axis target 2 lens cross prism eye
Transit mode LED light (off) off axis target 3 axis lens cross prism eye
Autocollimator mode LED light (on) axis mirror mirror axis parallel light lens cross prism eye
Autocollimator mode LED light (on) axis mirror mirror axis parallel light lens cross prism eye
Alignment of the parabolic telescope (Class 10 room) Laser
Starting conditions: misaligned, mismatched AUTOCOLLIMATOR
1st autocollimator alignment AUTOCOLLIMATOR REF. MIRROR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
2nd autocollimator alignment AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR REF. MIRROR
Autocollimators aligned AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
1st mirror alignment AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
1st mount alignment AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
2nd mount alignment AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
2nd mount alignment AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
Mirror matching AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
Focussing AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
Off-axis AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
Off-axis AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
Off-axis AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR
Autocollimation AUTOCOLLIMATOR AUTOCOLLIMATOR