( )

( ) 2 0 0 0 2

( ). 1 9 9 9 1 1

1 9 9 9 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 1

( ) : :,..,

,,, 1:1. 60 160 SPSS, X2.. 58.7%, 25.0%, 8.8%, 3.7%.. T V 84.4%, 71.9%, 19.4%, ( ) 10.7%, 9.4%, 9.4%, 6.3%, 5.6%,,,., T V,,. 42.5%, 31.9%, 11.3%, 5.6%, 4.4%, 0.6%.

,. 58.8%, 27.5%, 10.6%, 2.5%, 0.6%..,,,., 33.1%, 30.6%, 30.%,,,,. ( ) 71.9%, 20.0%, 3.8%. 58.8%, 8.1%, 8.1%. 44.4%, 26.3%, 13.1%, 10.6%..

1 1 1 2 4 1. 4 2. 5 6 1 6 1. 6 2. 9 3. 15 2 17 1. 17 2. 19 3 20 1. 20 - i -

2. 22 3. 25 29 1 ( ) 29 2 30 1. 30 2. 30 3. 30 4. 31 3 37 1. 37 2. 43 3. 53 63 1 63 1. 63 2. 65 2 66 - ii -

1-1 1960 2020 2 2-1 (1960 2020) 8 2-2 13 2-3 14 2-4 16 3-1 32 3-2 33 3-3 33 3-4 34 3-5 35 3-6 35 3-7 36 3-8 36 3-9 39 3-10 43 3-11 44 - iii -

3-12 45 3-13 46 3-14 47 3-15 48 3-15- 1 48 3-15- 2 49 3-15- 3 49 3-15- 4 50 3-16 50 3-17 51 3-18 52 3-19 53 3-20 54 3-20- 1 59 3-20- 2 60 - iv -

1. 20 80,.,, 2000 74.9 65 7.1%. 1),. 1960 65 < 1-1> 1960 82 1980 146 20 77.1% 52.6%, 1980 2000 20 131.5%, 24.0% 5. 2000 65 330 7.1%. 60 1960 1)..1996-1 -

1980 64% 1980 2000 129.0% 2000 11.0% 5194.,. < 1-1> 1960 2020 ( :, ( ) %) ( :%) ( :%) ( :%) 1960 1980 2000 2020 (52.6) (24.0) (9.3) 24,989(100.0) 38,124(100.0) 47,275(100.0) 52,358(100.0) 0 14 (20.8) (- 21.0) (- 11.9) 10,717 (42.9) 12,951 (34.0) 10,233 (21.7) 9,013(17.2) 15 59 (77.7) (39.0) (3.1) 12,889 (51.6) 22,909 (60.1) 31,848 (67.4) 32,818(62.7) 15 64 (76.3) (42.0) (8.2) 13,450 (53.8) 23,717 (62.2) 33,671 (71.2) 36,446(69.6) 60+ (64.0) (129.0) (102.7) 1,383 (5.5) 2,268 (6.1) 5,194 (11.0) 10,527(20.1) 65+ (77.1) (131.5) (104.7) 822 (3.3) 1,456 (3.8) 3,371 (7.1) 6,899(13.2) :,, 1987, p.8..,1996.. 55 60, 70-2 -

10, 20 30.,,,. ( )..,. 2)..., 2).. :,1997.p.231. - 3 -

..,.,.. 2 1... :,,, - 4 -

.. :. 2.. : 1960.. :,,,,.. :, 60. ( ). - 5 -

1,. 1..... 65 74, 75 84, 85 (N.R.Hooyman & H.A.Kiyak,). 3) 2-1 65 1960 1 6 25 5.3% 1980 4 2 241 6.8%, 2020 7 572 3) 4.. :,1998.p.55. - 6 -

8.8% UN., 1980 1 3 288 4.0%, 2000 2 5 182 5.1%. 1980 1 2 921 11.4%, 2000 1 7 258 13.5%.(UN, DESD,) 4) 65..,, 4).. :,1995.P.400. - 7 -

2-1 (1960 2020) 1960 1980 : 100,( ) % 60 65 60 65 3,018,9 244,4 160,2 4,446,8 380,5 262,1 (8.1) (5.3) (8.6) (5.9) 944,8 118,5 80,2 1,136,4 172,1 129,2 (12.5) (8.5) (15.1) (11.4) 2,074,1 125,8 80,0 3,310,3 208,3 132,8 (6.1) (3.9) (6,3) (4.0) 280,1 13,5 8,2 479,3 23,3 14,5 (4.8) (3.0) (4.9) (3.0) 1,668,3 107,7 69,0 2,583,9 176,4 113,0 (6.5) (4.1) (6.8) (4.4) 431,1 62,1 41,8 491,8 83,0 64,2 (14.4) (9.7) (16.9) (13.1) 216,1 12,6 8,0 358,9 23,4 15,6 (5.9) (3.7) (6.5) (4.4) 15,7 1,7 1,1 22,7 2,6 1,8 (10.8) (7.4) (11.7) (8.0) 24,99 1,38,82 38,12 2,27 1,46 (5.5) (3.3) (6.1) (3.8) : 1995.p.402 403.,,1996-8 -

2000 2025 60 65 60 65 6,228,2 613,7 424,4 8,049,9 1,030,6 705,7 (9.9) (6.8) (12.8) (8.8) 1,277,9 236,1 172,5 1,387,1 318,5 232,8 (18.5) (13.5) (23.0) (16.8) 4,950,2 377,5 251,8 6,662,7 712,1 472,8 (7.6) (5.1) (10.1) (7.1) 856,1 41,5 26,5 1,421,0 80,5 51,2 (4.9) (3.1) (5.7) (3.6) 3,691,5 322,1 217,0 4,688,6 588,7 398,1 (8.7) (5.9) (12.6) (8.5) 523,7 105,0 77,8 541,7 132,0 97,6 (20.0) (14.9) (24.4) (18.0) 522,9 41,8 28,6 670,7 80,4 54,1 (8.0) (5.5) (12.0) (8.1) 30,9 4,0 2,9 39,5 6,7 4,7 (12.9) (9.4) (17.1) (12.1) 47,28 5,19 3,37 52,36 10,53 6,90 (11.0) (7.1) (2020 ) (20.1) (13.2) : 1995.p.402 403.,,1996 2... (Cow gill and Holmes) - 9 -

.,,,,. 5)....,.. 5)..p.379. - 10 -

,... -.,. 6)..,. 6).. :,1998.p.13. - 11 -

.. 7) 2-2. 1965 1 38.0%, 2 20.0% 3 41.9% 1985 13.5%, 29.6% 56.9%. 1970 1 50.4%, 2 14.3% 3 35.2% 1985 24.9%, 24.5%, 50.6%. 8) 1 3..,. 7).. :,1990.p.23. 8).. :,1990.p.43. - 12 -

2-2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1955 42.3 15.2 42.5 78.6 4.7 16.7 1960 36.9 15.7 47.4 66.5 7.5 25.0 1965 38.0 20.0 41.9 58.7 13.2 28.1 1970 26.4 22.2 51.5 50.4 14.3 35.2 1975 24.7 27.5 47.8 45.9 19.1 35.0 1980 14.6 30.9 54.5 34.0 22.6 43.4 1985 13.5 29.6 56.9 24.9 24.5 50.6 1990 - - - 23.6 25.9 50.5 :. 1968,, 1986. 6., 1987,,,, 1988 3 p.15..,. 1960, 1970 9). 2-3 1966 33.5% 30 45.0% 9).,p.16. - 13 -

. 1995 78.5%,. 2000 86.2%( ).. 60 1966 3.6% 1995 6.9% 3.3%, 11.9%. 2-3 1966 1970 1975 1980 1985 1995 33.5 41.1 48.3 57.2 65.4 78.5 60 23.3 27.2 33.1 39.1 46.5 58.5 65 22.4 25.6 31.7 38.0 45.3 36.6 60 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.9 6.9 65 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.0 4.3 60 6.0 6.7 7.3 8.6 10.5 17.9 65 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.6 6.8 11.8 : 1. = (60,65 ) (60,65 ) 100 2. = ( ) 60,65 ( ) 100 :,, 1990. p.57., 1998. p. - 14 -

.,. 3..,... 10) (William Goode)., 10).,p.41. - 15 -

. 2-4 1 2 3 4 ( ) 1960 4,371 7.5 64.0 26.9 1.6 - - - 1966 4,901 5.7 67.7 24.1 2.6 - - 5.5 1970 58,576 6.8 70.0 22.1 1.1 - - 5.2 1975 6,648 6.7 68.9 19.2 0.9 4.2-5.1 1980 7,969 8.3 68.5 16.5 0.5 4.8 1.5 4.5 1985 9,571 9.5 67.0 14.5 0.4 6.9 1.7 4.2 1995 12,958 12.6 63.3 9.8 0.2 12.7 1.4 3.4 :,,1998.p.78.,. 2-4 2 1960 64.0% 1970 70.0%, 1975 68.9% 1995 63.3%. 3 4 1. - 16 -

.... 2 1..,... (L.Breen),,. 11) 2 (International Association of Gerontology) 11).. :,1999.p.44. - 17 -

,,,,,,. 12),,,. 13) ( ).,, 60 65.. ( ). 12).. :,p.12. 13).,p.39. - 18 -

,,. ( ),, ( ). 65 60. 60, 14 59, 60, 55, 60, 60 60. 14) 2.,,,.,,., 14).. :,1998.p.24. - 19 -

..,,,.,,.. 15) 3 1.. (Dumazedier)..,. 16) 15).,p.43. 16).,p.264. - 20 -

(Parker) (play) (recreation).,,,,.,,. 17) (Kaplan).,,,,,,. 18) (Havighurst).,, 17).,p.233. 18) 4..,.1998,p.466. - 21 -

. 19),....,,.. 2. 19)..p.233. - 22 -

.,. 20). ( ),,,, 5.,,,....,,.,,,.,,,. 21) 20).., 1997 21).,p.267. - 23 -

.,,,,..,,,....,,,,,,,,,,,,, - 24 -

,,,,,,,,. 22),,,,,,. 3. ( ) ( ).,,,,,,. 23). 22)..,1997.p.22-23. 23).,p.242. - 25 -

(empty nest),........ 1986 60 200 35%. 24)., ( ), 24)..p.243. - 26 -

....,..?,....,..., - 27 -

,..... - 28 -

1 ( ). 1 :.. 2 :... 3 :.. 4 :. ( ). - 29 -

2 : 1. 60 ( ). 2.. 1.. 1999 10 4 8 5, 38, 39, 83 160. 3.,. - 30 -

,,,,,,,.,,,. 4. ( ). 1979, 1989.,,,,,.,,,, -,,, 47. 25). 3-1 89 104,595 98 12 31 2.5 25).,1998.p.33. - 31 -

270,138. 89 29,489 98 3 86,168. 65 96 10,028, 97 10,673 98 11,517. 3-1 : 1998. 12. 31 ( ) 65 1989 104,595 52,659 51,936 - - 29,489 3.5-1995 245,190 123,672 121,518 6,738 36.39 78,036 3.1-1996 254,832 128,545 126,287 7,005 36.38 81,600 3.1 10,028 1997 262,860 132,439 130,421 7,225 36.39 84,969 3.1 10,673 1998 270,138 134,401 135,737 7,364 36.39 86,618 3.1 11,517 :., 1998. p.46.... 98 0 14 25.9%, 15 64 69.9%, 65 4.2% ( 97 6.3%, ). 15 64-32 -

98 42.6%, (0 14 / 15 64 ) 36.5%, (65 / 15 64 ) 6.1%. 3-2 : 1998. 12. 31 0 14 15 64 65 (%) (%) (%) 1996 253,874 39,147 27.2 174,703 68.8 10,024 4 1997 260,559 73,235 27.3 176,813 67.8 10,511 4.9 1998 270,138 69,896 25.9 188,725 69.9 11,517 4.2 :... 3-3 ' 93 43,498 97 4,206. 3-3 : 1997. 12. 31 1993 81,475 37,977 43,498 1994 81,405 42,750 38,655 1995 70,321 51,802 18,519 1996 61,429 24.6 55,833 22.4 5.596 2.24 1997 64,598 25.1 60,392 23.4 4.206 1.6 :., 1998. p.55. - 33 -

. 3-4 66,073 958, 40,533. 3-4 66,073 23,927 958 51,451 4,301 40,533 3,141 2,859 617 :., 1998. p.49.. 3-5 1-5 45.5%, 100-200 24.3%,,, 45.5%. - 34 -

3-5 ( ) (%) (%) ( ) 1 1-5 5-10 10-20 20 34,756 49.1 50.9 7.4 14.5 45.5 19.2 11.7 9.1 1,373 47.6 52.4 3.6 18.8 59.3 18.1 3.3 0.5 ( )(%) 100 100-200 200-300 300 45.2 21.4 24.2 6.9 2.2 48.4 15.7 24.3 9.3 2.3 (%),,,, 20.6 16.5 18.4 8.7 35.8 25.3 25.9 16.0 0.3 32.6 :., 1998. p.13 17. 3-6 1, 1, 2, 1, 3-7 78. 3-6 : 1999.10.01. 7 - - 1 1 3 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1 1) :. - 35 -

3-7 :, 1997.12.31. 78 4,192 17 867 61 3,325 :. :., 1998. p.266 267. 3-8 1 52, 2 464, 3 484. 2 3. 3-8 : 10 1998.12.31. 1 2 3 217,698.9 15,021.2 65,092.0 137,585.7 100.0 6.9 29.9 63.2 43,371.2 2,255.3 20,124.2 20,991.7 100.0 5.2 46.4 48.4 1,909.4 14.2 910.7 984.5 100.0 0.7 47.7 51.6 :. - 36 -

. ( ).,. 3 SPSS,,, X2. 1.,,,,,,,, 3-9. 82 51.3%, 78 48.8% - 37 -

. 70 74 47 29.4% 75 79 24.4%, 80 22.5%, 65 69 20.6%, 60 64 3.1%. 40.6%, 1.3%, / 40.0%, / 10.0%, 1%, / 6.3%. 41.3%, 58.8%, 46.3%, 22.5%, 21.3%, 8.1%, 1.9%,,. 3.1%, 10.0%, 28.8%, 54.4%, 3.8%. 7.5%, 3 21.3%, 3 5 18.8%, 5 10 26.3%, 10 26.3%, 54.4% 23.8%, 8.8%, 6.3%, 1.9%.. 49.4%, 26.9%, 13.1%, 5.0%, 3.1%,, 17.5%, 13.8%, ( ) 6.3%, ( ) 10.0%. 14, 72. - 38 -

31.9%, 43.8%, 10.0%, 14.4%. 3-9 ( ) (%) 82 51.3 78 48.8 160 100.0 60-64 5 3.1 65-69 33 20.6 70-74 47 29.4 75-79 39 24.4 80 36 22.5 160 100.0 65 40.6 ( ) 2 1.3 / 64 40.0 / 16 10.0 1.6 / 10 6.3 2 1.3 160 100.0 66 41.3 94 58.8 160 100.0-39 -

( ) (%) 36 22.5 34 21.3 13 8.1 74 46.3 3 1.9 160 100.0 5 3.1 16 10.0 46 28.8 87 54.4 6 3.8 160 100.0 12 7.5 3 34 21.3 3-5 30 18.8 5-10 42 26.3 10 42 26.3 160 100.0-40 -

( ) (%) 38 23.8 3 1.9 87 54.4 10 6.3 14 8.8 8 5.0 160 100.0. 21 13.1. 43 26.9. 79 49.4. 5 3.1. 8 5.0 4 2.5 160 100.0-41 -

( ) (%) 28 17.5 22 13.8 ( ) 10 6.3 ( ) 16 10.0 7 4.4 8 5.0 66 41.3 3 1.9 160 100.0 14 8.8 72 45.0 74 46.3 160 100.0 51 31.9 70 43.8 16 10.0 ( ) 23 14.4 160 100.0-42 -

2..? 3-10 58.7%, 25.0%, 8.8%, 3.7%, 3.2 %. 3-10 ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) 40 25.0 22 13.7 18 11.3 14 8.8 5 3.1 9 5.7 94 58.7 51 31.9 43 26.8 6 3.7 2 1.3 4 2.4 5 3.2 2 1.3 3 1.9 1.6 0 0 1.6 160 100.0 82 51.3 78 48.8. ( 3 )?' 3-11 T V 84.4%, 71.9%, 19.4%, 10.7%, 9.4%, 9.4%, 6.3%, - 43 -

5.6%. 3-11 (3 ) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) 115 71.9 57 35.6 58 36.3 T V 135 84.4 72 45.0 63 39.4 17 10.7 15 9.4 2 1.3 9 5.6 0 0 9 5.6 5 3.1 4 2.5 1.6 15 9.4 3 1.9 12 7.5, 10 6.3 7 4.4 3 1.9 7 4.4 1.6 6 3.8 15 9.4 10 6.3 5 3.1 3 1.9 0 0 3 1.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 19.4 15 9.4 16 10.0 7 4.4 3 1.9 4 2.5 :..? 3-12 - 44 -

33.1%, 30.6%, 30.%, 1.3 0.6%. 3-12 ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) 48 30.0 20 12.5 28 17.5 49 30.6 26 16.3 23 14.3 1.6 1.6 0 0 1.6 0 0 1.6 53 33.1 28 17.5 25 15.6 2 1.3 2 1.3 0 0 2 1.3 1.6 1.6 2 1.3 2 1.3 0 0 2 1.3 2 1.3 0 0 160 100.0 82 51.3 78 48.8.? 3-13 25.6%( 58.1% ), 6.9%, 6.3%, 1.9% - 45 -

. 3-13 ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) 41 25.6 22 13.8 19 11.8 3 1.9 2 1.3 1.6 (T V,, ) 10 6.3 8 5.0 2 1.3 11 6.9 3 1.9 8 5.0 2 1.3 1.6 1.6 93 58.1 46 28.7 47 29.4 160 100.0 82 51.3 78 48.8.? 3-14 42.5%, 31.9%, 11.3%, 5.6%, 4.4%, 0.6%. - 46 -

3-14 ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) 18 11.3 5 3.1 13 8.2 68 42.5 36 22.5 32 20.0 9 5.6 4 2.5 5 3.1 51 31.9 29 18.2 22 13.7 1.6 1 0.6 0 0 6 3.8 3 1.9 3 1.9 7 4.4 4 2.5 3 1.9 160 100.0 82 51.3 78 48.7.? 3-15 58.8%, 27.5%, 10.6%, 2.5%, 0.6%. 3-15- 1,.,. 3-15- 3 45.8%, 20.8%, - 47 -

16.7%, 10.4%. 3-15- 4 50.0%, 22.3%, 16.7%. 3-15 ( ) (%) ( ) (%) ( ) (%) 4 2.5 2 1.3 2 1.3 44 27.5 25 15.6 19 11.9 94 58.8 50 31.3 44 27.5 17 10.6 5 3.1 12 7.5 1.6 0 0 1.6 160 100.0 82 51.3 78 48.7 3-15- 1 (%) 0(0) 5(3.1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 5(3.1) 0(0) 7(4.4) 8(5.0) 1(.6) 0(0) 16(10.0) 3(1.9) 14(8.8) 25(15.6) 4(2.5) 0(0) 46(28.8) 1(.6) 16(10.0) 58(36.3) 12(7.5) 0(0) 87(54.4) 0(0) 2(1.3) 3(1.9) 0(0) 1(.6) 6(3.8) X 50.633* * P.0001-48 -

3-15- 2 (%) 0(0) 0(0) 8(5.0) 4(2.5) 0(0) 12(7.5) 3 1(.6) 6(3.8) 23(14.4) 3(1.9) 1(.6) 34(21.3) 3 5 1(.6) 9(5.6) 19(11.9) 1(.6) 0(0) 30(18.8) 5 10 1(.6) 11(6.9) 26(16.3) 4(2.5) 0(0) 42(26.3) 10 1(.6) 18(11.3) 18(11.3) 5(3.1) 0(0) 42(26.3) X 22.429* *P.05 3-15- 3 N=48 ( ) (%) 8 16.7 22 45.8 10 20.8 2 4.2 5 10.4 1 2.1 48 100.0-49 -

3-15- 4 N=18 ( ) (%) 3 16.7 9 50.0 4 22.3 1 5.5 1 5.5 18 100.0.? 3-16 ( ) 71.9%, 20.0%, 3.8%, 0.6%. 3-16 ( ) (%) ( ) 115 71.9 32 20.0 6 3.8 1.6 1.6 5 3.1 160 100.0-50 -

.? 3-17 58.8%, 8.1%, 8.1%,,, 5.0 3.1%. 3-17 ( ) (%) 8 5.0 94 58.8 13 8.1 18 11.3 13 8.1 5 3.1 6 3.8 3 1.9 160 100.0.? - 51 -

3-18 50.0%, 31.9%, 14.4%.. 3-18 ( ) (%). 51 31.9. 23 14.4. 80 50.0 1.6 5 3.1 160 100.0.? 3-19 44.4%, 26.3%, 13.1%, 10.6%, 1.9%. - 52 -

3-19 ( ) (%) 17 10.6 21 13.1 3 1.9 42 26.3 71 44.4 3 1.9 3 1.9 160 100.0 3.. 3-20 T V 5 51.3%, 13.8%., 84.4%, 5 5.6%. 64.4%, 32.5%., 60.0%, 37.5%. 92.5%, 3.1%, ( ) 98.1%, 1 1.9%., 95.6%, 2.5%, 90.6%, 7.5%. - 53 -

, 96.9%, 2.5%, ( ) 94.4%, 1 1.9%. 98.8%, 91.3%, 3.8%, 3.1%. 95.0%, 5.0%, 99.4%. 96.3%, 2.5%. 96.3%, 1 1.9%, 94.4%, 1 3.1%, 1.9%.. 3-20 T V, ( ) (%) 5 82 51.3 4-5 12 7.5 2-3 26 16.3 1-2 18 11.3 22 13.8 160 100.0 5 9 5.6 2-3 8 5.0 1-2 8 5.0 135 84.4 160 100.0-54 -

,,,, ( ) ( ) (%) 103 64.4 2-3 3 1.9 1 2 1.3 52 32.5 160 100.0 60 37.5 2-3 1.6 1 2 1.3 1 1.6 96 60.0 160 100.0 5 3.1 2-3 1.6 1 3 1.9 1 3 1.9 148 92.5 160 100.0 1.6 1 2 1.3 157 98.1 160 100.0-55 -

( ) (%) 4 2.5 2-3 2 1.3, 1 1.6 153 95.6 160 100.0 12 7.5 2-3 3 1.9 145 90.6 160 100.0 4 2.5, 1 1.6 155 96.9 160 100.0 2 1.3 2-3 2 1.3 1 3 1.9 ( ) 1 2 1.3 151 94.4 160 100.0 2-3 1.6 1 1.6 158 98.8 160 100.0-56 -

( ) (%) 6 3.8 2-3 1.6 1 2 1.3 1 5 3.1 146 91.3 160 100.0 8 5.0 152 95.0 160 100.0 1.6 159 99.4 160 100.0 4 2.5 1 2 1.3 154 96.3 160 100.0 1.6 2-3 1.6 1 1.6 1 3 1.9 154 96.3 160 100.0-57 -

( ) (%) 3 1.9 1 1.6 1 5 3.1 151 94.4 160 100.0 160 100.0 5 3.1 2-3 2 1.3 1 1.6 152 95.0 160 100.0. X2 3-20- 1, 5 3.8%, 2 3 5.0%, 5 1.9%, 1 2 1.9%. 1.9%, 5.6%, 2 3 1.9%. 5.0%.. - 58 -

3-20- 1 (%) 5 4-5 2-3 1-2, 6(3.8) 0(0) 8(5.0) 5(3.1) 63(39.4) 82(51.3) 3(1.9) 0(0) 0(0) 3(1.9) 72(45.0) 78(48.8) X 11.513* 2-3 1 1 3(1.9) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 79(49.4) 82(51.3) 9(5.6) 3(1.9) 0(0) 0(0) 66(41.3) 78(48.8) * P.05, **P.01 X 7.070* 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 82(51.3) 82(51.3) 8(5.0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 70(43.8) 78(48.8) X 8.853** 3-20- 2 T V 5 28.1%, 2 3 10.6% T V., 5 5.0%, 2 3 1.3%. 37.5%, 3.1% - 59 -

., 5.6%( 16 9 ), 10.0%. 1.9%, 1 0.6%. 3.1%, 0.6%... 3-20- 2 (%) 5 4-5 2-3 1-2 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(2.5) 1(.6) 5(3.1) TV 6(3.8) 3(1.9) 3(1.9) 1(.6) 3(1.9) 16(10.0) 29(18.1) 6(3.8) 4(2.5) 5(3.1) 2(1.3) 46(28.8) 45(28.1) 3(1.9) 17(10.6) 8(5.0) 14(8.8) 87(54.4) 2(1.3) 0(0) 2(1.3) 0(0) 2(1.3) 6(3.8) X 44.022* * P.00001, - 60 -

, 5 4-5 2-3 1-2 0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 1(.6) 4(2.5) 5(3.1) 0(0) 0(0) 1(.6) 4(2.5) 11(6.9) 16(10.0) 0(0) 0(0) 2(1.3) 2(1.3) 42(26.2) 46(28.8) 8(5.0) 0(0) 2(1.3) 1(.6) 76(47.5) 87(54.4) 1(.6) 0(0) 2(1.3) 0(0) 3(1.9) 6(3.8) X 42.607 ** 2-3 1 1 1(.6) 0(0) 0(0) 1(.6) 3(1.9) 5(3.1) 5(3.1) 0(0) 1(.69) 0(0) 10(6.3) 16(10.0) 33(20.6) 0(0) 1(.6) 1(.6) 11(6.9) 46(28.8),, 60(37.5) 0(0) 1(.6) 0(0) 26(16.3) 87(54.4) 4(2.5) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 2(1.3) 6(3.8) X 29.601** 2-3 1 1 4(2.5) 0(0) 1(.6) 0(0) 0(0) 5(3.1) 9(5.6) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 7(4.4) 16(10.0) 16(10.0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(.6) 29(18.1) 46(28.8) 29(18.1) 0(0) 1(.6) 0(0) 57(35.6) 87(54.4) 2(1.3) 1(.6) 0(0) 0(0) 3(1.9) 6(3.8) X 51.810* * P.00001, **P.01-61 -

2-3 1 1 0(0) 1(.6) 0(0) 0(0) 4(2.5) 5(3.1) 1(.6) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 15(9.4) 16(10.0) 4(2.5) 2(1.3) 0(0) 0(0) 40(25.0) 46(28.8) 7(4.4) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 80(50.0) 87(54.4) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 6(3.8) 6(3.8) X 13.508** 0(0) 0(0) 1(.6) 0(0) 4(2.5) 5(3.1) 3(1.9) 0(0) 0(0) 2(1.3) 11(6.9) 16(10.0) 1(.6) 1(.6) 1(.6) 3(1.9) 40(25.0) 46(28.8) 2(1.3) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 85(53.1) 87(54.4) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 6(3.8) 6(3.8) X 39.781* 1(.6) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(2.5) 5(3.1) 1(.6) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 15(9.4) 16(10.0) 5(3.1) 0(0)) 0(0)) 0(0) 41(25.6) 46(28.8) 1(.6) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 85(53.8) 87(54.4) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 6(3.8) 6(3.8) X 8.789** * P.001, **P.05-62 -

1 1... 58.7%, 25.0%, 8.8%, 3.7%.. T V 84.4%, 71.9%, 19.4%, ( ) 10.7%, 9.4%, 9.4%, 6.3%, 5.6%,,,., T V,, - 63 -

. 42.5%, 31.9%, 11.3%, 5.6%, 4.4%, 0.6%.,. 58.8%, 27.5%, 10.6%, 2.5%, 0.6%..,,,., 33.1%, 30.6%, 30.%,,,,. ( ) 77. ( ) 71.9%, 20.0%, 3.8%. 58.8%, - 64 -

8.1%, 8.1%. 44.4%, 26.3%, 13.1%, 10.6%........ 2.. 60-65 -

... 2.,.. ( ).....,,,, - 66 -

.......,.... - 67 -

.. 1998., 1996 1998... :, 1988... :, 1983... :, 1990... :, 1985... :, 1995.. :, 1995... :. 1982... :, 1998... :, 1997... :, 1990... :, 1996... :, 1994... :, 1999... :, 1992. - 68 -

. :, 1990... :, 1993... :, 1998... :, 1997..,1998.., 1999.., 1998.., 1996 1998. 4.. :, 1998.. :, 1998.. :., 1997..., 1992.. : 60., 1994... - 69 -

, 1998..., 1993.., 1997..., 1994..., 1989..., 1995. - 70 -

,!..,,.. 1999 : : - 71 -

1.? 2.? 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 3.? ( ) ( ) / / / ( ) 4.? 5.? 6.? 7.? 3 3 5 5 10 10 8.? - 72 -

9.? 10.? ( ) ( ) 11.? 12.? 13.? 14.?(3 ) T V,,, 15.? - 73 -

16.? (T V,, ) 17.? 18.? 18-1.( )? 18-2.( )? 19.? ( ) 20.? 3 3 5 5 10 10-74 -

21.? 22.? 23.? - 75 -

24.? 5 4 5 2 3 1 2 T V 2 3,,, 1 1 2 3 1 1, ( ),, ( ) - 76 -

2 3 1 1... - 77 -