CC NA C is c o Ce rt if ie d Ne tw o rk As s o c iate S tudy Gu ide 1 2 3 4 IOS 5 IP 6 LAN(VLAN) 7 Cis co 8 Nove l IPX 9 10 WAN A B C Cata lyst 1900 Ind e x
1 2 2 2 2 OS I 3 OSI 4 Ethe rnet 13 Ha lf/ Full- d uplex Ethe rnet 13 Ethe rnet 14 Ethe rnet 17 18 Cis co 3-19 20 2 1 2 1 Cis co 2 1 Ethe rnet LAN 2 1 Ethe rnet 22 UTP (RJ - 45) 23 (WAN) 24 Cis co 26 Cisc o 26 Cisc o 27 Cisc o 28 29 30 1. 1 OSI 1.2 OSI 1.3 33-2 4 1-2 4 1 LAN 4 1-2 4 1 42 / 42 43 STP(Spa nning- Tree Protoco l) 44 Spa nning- Tre e Ope ratio ns 44 Root 45 Des ig nate d 46 Spa nning- Tre e Port 46 Spa nning- Tre e 47 LAN 48 Sto re- a nd- Fo rwa rd 48 Cut- Thro ug h(re a l Time ) 48 Frag me nt Free ( Cut- Thro ug h) 49 49 50 50
1 1 CCNA - - OSI - OS I 7- - - - OSI - 5. 1 Cisc o, OS I(Ope n Syste ms Inte rc onnection). 7 OSI. OSI Cis c o, OS I 7-. Cis co 3-.,,,. 1 Cis co 3-. OS I.. Cisc o Ethe rnet NAN, WAN. c is co,,, Cisc o. Cis co,, 1. - 1 -
., DECnet IBM,. 1970 IOS (Inte rnatio na l Orga nizatio n for Sta nda rdizatio n) OSI(Ope n Syste ms Inte rc onnection). OS I,. OSI (Arc hitecture ).. OSI. Cis c o 3-,,. 3-, Cis co. Cisc o. 1 OS I Cis co 3-. (refe re nce mode l)., (laye r)'...,,,..,,.,,.,.,..,., (protoco l),.,., -.,,.,.. (bind ing)'.. OS I Cis co 3-,. OS I. OS I Cis co... 'plug- a n- play'. - 2 -
OS I OS I 1970..,. OSI,..,,. OS I 7-, 2. 3. 4. 1. 1 3, 1.2 4. 1. 1 Ap p lic at io n use r P re s e ntat io n S e s s io n Tra ns po rt Ne tw o rk Data Link Phys ic a l 1. 1,.. 4, 1.2. 1.2 Tra ns po rt ( ) Ne tw o rk Data Link, MAC. Phys ic a l, pin- o ut 4,,. - 3 -
OS I ISO(Inte rnatio na l Orga nizatio n for Sta nda rd izatio n) Emily Post. Post,, ISO OS I., OSI s uite. OSI 7. (Applic atio n laye r) (Pres e ntation laye r) (Ses s ion laye r) (Tra ns po rt laye r) (Network laye r) (Data Link laye r) (Phys ica l laye r) 1.3 OS I.. 1.3 Ap p lic at io n Pre s e ntat io n s e s s io n,,,,, Tra ns po rt Ne tw o rk End- to - e nd Data Link Phys ic a l (A p p lic a t io n La y e r) OSI...,. FTP,,,,.,.. WWW (Wo rld Wide We b ).,,, (vide o).,. e - ma il e - ma il S MTP(Simple Ma il Tra ns fe r Protoco l) X.400. (ED I: E le c tro n ic Data Inte rc ha ng e ).,,,, - 4 -
. (S pe c ia l inte re s t bu lle t in bo a rd s ).. ( Inte rne t Nav ig at io n Ut ilit ie s ) Gophe r, WAIS,, Exc ite Alta Vista,. (Fina nc ia l Tra ns a c t io n S e rv ic e s ).,,,. ( P re s e nta t io n La y e r) (pres e nt).,.. ( EBCDIC ASCII ).. OS I.,... P ICT PC Quic kdraw. T IFF(Ta g g e d Ima g e F ile Fo rmat ) TIFF. J PEG (Jo int Pho to g ra ph ic Expe rts G ro up ) J PEG.. MID I(Mus ic a l Ins t rume nt D ig ita l Inte rfa c e ). MP EG (Mo v ing P ic ture Ex pe rts G ro up ) MPEG CD. 1.5 Mbps. Qu ic k T ime. PC, (S e s s io La y e r),, (tea ring down).,. (s implex, ha lf- d uplex, full- duplex).. (Cis co ). NFS (Ne tw o rk File S ys te m ), TCP/ IP (tra ns pa re nt). S Q L(St ruc ture d Que ry La ng ua g e ) SQL IBM. - 5 -
RPC (Re mo te P ro c e d u re Ca ll) RPC /.. X W ind o w.. AS P (App le Ta lk S e s s io n P ro to c o l) / AppleTa lk. DNA S C P (D ig ita l Ne tw o rk Arc h ite c tu re S e s s io n Co nt ro l P ro to c o l) DNS SCP DECnet. (T ra ns p o rt La y e r). e nd to e nd,. TCP UDP(3 ), TCP, UDP. TCP/ IP, 2.,.,,. (F lo w C o nt ro l) (inte grity)...,. (ac knowledge me nt)... (ma nagea ble data flow),,. (C o n ne c t io n- O rie nte d C o m m un ic a t io n). 1.4...,,. Cisc o 3 (3- way ha nds ha ke ). - 6 -
1.4 ( ),. 1.4....,,...,.,.,......,,.. 1.5,......,.. - 7 -
1.5 -! (W ind o w ing ),.,..., TCP/ IP. 1.6 1 3. 1,. 3, 3..,..,. 1.6 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 4 4-8 -
(Ac kno w le d g e m e nt)...,.,.,. 1.7 1, 2, 3. 4., 4, 5, 6. 5,. (5 ). 7. 1.7 1 2 3 4 4 5! 6 5 5 7 ( Ne tw o rk La y e r).. - 3,. IP. IP IP.,.,. 2., (ro uted ). IP IPX. 3 IP, 8 IPX. - 9 -
. RIP, EIGRP OS PF.,. 1.8. 1.8. (Ne tw o rk a d d re s s e s ) - (protoco l- s pe c ific )... ( Inte rfa c e ). (Me tric ).. 5. ho p (hop co unt : ),, tic k. (broadcast doma in).. - 2 (c ollis io n do ma in).,.... (hop),.. - 3-2. - 3 ( ) LAN(VLAN). N O T E VLAN 2 6. Qua lity of Se rvice (QoS). - 10 -
( Da ta Lin k La y e r),,.,.,,.,.. 1.9 Ethe rnet IEEE. IEEE 802.2 IEEE IEEE. 1.9 (LLC) (MAC) 802.5 802.3 802.2,...,.,. hop.,. IEEE Ethe rnet 2. MAC (Me d ia Ac c e s s Co ntro l) 8 0 2.3. (Co nte ntio n Me dia Ac ce ss )..., ( ),,. LLC (Lo g ic a l Link Co ntro l) 8 0 2.2. LLC. LLC IP. LLC., (MAC). - 2 AS IC(Applic ation- Spec ific Inte rg rate d Circ uit). AS IC (late ncy).. - 2. - 11 -
. - 2,., - 2.,. (tra ns pa re nt). Laye r- 2 ( ),,.,.,.. - 2-2 (strom). - 3 ( ). (co llis io n do ma in).,. LAN,... Ethe rnet. To ke n Ring LAN. ( P hy s ic a l La y e r) 2. 0 1..., (State tra ns ition: ).,.,.,,,. DTE(Data Te rmina l Equipme nt) DCE(Data Circ uit- Te rminating Equipme nt). DCE (Se rvic e Provide r) DTE DCE. DTE CS U/ DS U(Cha nne l Se rvice Unit/ Data Se rvice Unit). OS I. CCNA Ethe rnet..,...,,.. - 12 -
,.. Ethe rnet... Et he rne t Ethe rnet. Ethe rnet,, Fast- Ethe rnet Giga bit- Ethe rnet. Ethe rnet, Ethe rnet. Ethe rnet CS MA/ CD(Ca rrie r Se ns e Multiple Acc es s with Co llis io n Dete ct).,. CS MA/ CD. CS MA/ CD,.. CS MA/ CD....., (Ja m s igna l).. (Bac k off). 15. Ha lf/ Fu ll- Dup le x Ethe rne t Ha lf- duplex Ethe rnet 802.3 Ethe rnet,,. CS MA/ CD., ha lf- duplex. ha lf- d uplex Ethe rnet Cis co 50~ 60% 10 Bas et. 10 Bas et 3~ 4Mbps. Full- d uplex Ethe rnet ha lf- d uplex. Full- d uplex.. ha lf- duplex. Full- d uplexethe rnet 100%. Full- duplex 10 Mbps Ethe rnet 20Mbps, Fa st Ethe rnet 200Mbps. 100% Full- d uplex Ethe rnet,, Fast Ethe rnet. (a uto- detect). 10Mbps 100Mbps. Full- d uplex, ha lf- duplex. - 13 -
Ethe rne t Ethe rnet Ethe rnet ( MAC ). Ethe rnet, Ethe rnet. 4 Ethe rnet. Ethe rnet_ IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.2 S NAP. Et he rn e t Ethe rnet Ethe rnet NIC(Netwo rk Inte rface Ca rd ) MAC(Me dia Acc es s Co ntro l). MAC LAN, c a no nic a l 48. 1. 10 48 MAC. 1. 10 MAC Ethe rnet 47 46 24 bits 24 bits I/ G IG (OUI)Orga nizatio na lly Uniq ue Ide ntifie r (IEEE ) OUI(Orga nizatio na llly Unique Ide ntifie r) IEEE (o rag nization) (24 3 ). (24 3 ),. 46 0, 1. Et he rn e t. (e nc a ps ulatio n). (Ethe rnet), (, FDDI), (IBM, 100VGAnyla n). CCNA Ethe rnet. Ethe rnet MAC. CRC(Cyc lic Red unda ncy Chec k).. 1. 1 1 802.3 Ethe rnet. 802.3 Ethe rnet. Pre a m b le "1, 0 " (a lte rnating ) 5 MHz. (inc oming). Prea mble S FD sync h SFD sync h. S FD (S ta rt Fra me De lim ite r)/ Sy nc h S FD 1,0, 1,0, 1,0 Sync h 1. Pre a mble S FD/ sync h 64. - 14 -
1. 1 1 802.3 Ethe rnet Ethe rne t_ Pre a mble 8 bytes DA 6 byte s SA 6 byte s Type 2 bytes Data FCS 4 bytes 8 0 2.3_ Ete h rne t Pre a mble 8 bytes DA 6 byte s SA 6 byte s Le ngth 2 bytes Data FCS DA (De s t inat io n Ad d re s s ) LS B(Le ast Signific a nt Bit) 48. DA,. MAC. "1" hex F".,. N O T E hex hexa dec ima l(16 ) dec ima l 10 10 15 A F. Hexa de c ima l 16. S A (S o urc e Ad d re s s ) SA 48 MAC. LS B(Least Sig nifica nt Bit). SA. (Le ng th) (Ty pe f ie ld ) 802.3., Ethe rnet. 802.3, LAN( IPX). DATA. 46~ 1500.,,.. IP 16 08-00. Ethe rnet_ Destination : Source: Prot ocol T ype: 00:60:f5:00:1f:27 00:60:f5:00:1f:2c 08-00 IP Ethe rnet_. IP., IPX, 8 1-37h.. 1 16 F. Destination : Source: Prot ocol T ype: ff:ff :ff:ff:ff :ff Ethernet Broadcast 02:07:01:22:de:a4 81-37 NetW ar e. 802.3. IPX., Nove ll 802.3 Nove ll LAN. Nove ll LAN IPX. Flags : 0x80 802.3 Status : 0x00 Packet Length : 64 T imestamp: 12:45:45.192000 06/ 26/ 1998 Destination : ff:ff :ff:ff:ff :ff Ethernet Broadcast Source: 08:00:11:07:57:28 Length : 34-15 -
8 0 2.2 S NA P 802.3 Ethe rnet ( ). IEEE 802.2 LLC. 1. 12 LLC(802.2) IEEE 802.3 SNAP(Subnetwo rk Arc hitecture Protoco l). 1. 12 802.2 S NAP 8 0 2.2 (S NA P) 1 1 1 o r 2 3 2 Va ria ble SAP AA SAP AA Ctrl 03 OUI ID 8 0 2.2 (S A P) 1 1 1 o r 2 Va ria ble SAP SAP Ctrl 1. 12 LLC. 802.2 S NAP. 8 0 2.2 802.2.. 802.3. DSAP SSAP. 802.2. 802.2 LLC 802.3.. Flags : 0x80 802.3 Status : 0x02 T runcated Packet Length : 64 Slice Length : 51 T imestamp: 12:42:00.592000 03/ 26/ 1998 Destination : ff:ff :ff:ff:ff :ff Ethernet Broadcast Source: 00:80:c7:a8:f0:3d LLC Length : 37 Dest. SAP : 0x e0 NetW ar e Source SAP : 0x e0 NetW ar e Individual LLC Sublayer Management Function Command: 0x03 Unnumbered Information S NA P F ra m e SNAP. Ethe rnet_ 802.3. (trace ), Ethe rnet_. Flags : 0x80 802.3 Status : 0x00 Packet Length : 78 T imestamp: 09:32:48.264000 01/ 04/ 2000 802.3 H eader D es tination : 09:00:07:FF :FF :FF A T P h 2 B roadcas t - 16 -
S ourc e : 00:00:86:10:C1:6F LLC Leng th : 60 802.2 Log ic al Link Control (LLC) H eader D es t. S A P : 0xAA SN A P S ourc e S A P : 0xAA SN A P Com m and : 0x03 Unnum bered I nf ormation Protoc ol : 0x080007809B A pp letalk DSAP SSAP AA", 3,. ethe r 802.3 Ethe rnet. LLC IEEE S NAP. AppleTa lk (proprieting). Cisc o SNAP CDP(Cis co Disc ove ry Protoc ol), 7. Ethe rne t Ethe rnet,,..,. 2. 1984 IEEE Ethe rnet CSMA/ CD(Ca rrie r Se ns e Multiple Ac ce ss with Co llis io n Dete ct).,,. Ethe rnet.,. Ethe rnet,,. IEEE 802.3. 10 Ba s e 2 10 Mbps,, 185. Thinnet, 30. 10 Ba s e 5 10 Mbps,, 500. Thic knet. 10 Ba s e T - 3 (twisted- pa ir wiring) 10 Mbps. 10Base 2 10Bas e5,. 802.3 AUI(Atta c hme nt Unit Inte rface ), AUI. MAC. AUI 15, (tra nsc e ive r=tra ns mitte r/ re ce ive r) 15. AUI, RJ - 45., AUI 100 Mbps Ethe rnet. 100Ba set, 802.3u MII(Med ia Inde pe nde nt Inte rfac e ) 100Mbps. MII 4. Ethe rnet GMII(Giga bit Med ia Inde pe nde nt Inte rfac e ) 8. - 17 -
OS I (e nca ps ulation). (pe e r). PDU(Protoc ol Data Unit)..,. PDU OS I. PDU. PDU. 1. 13 PDU..,,., PDU( )... 1. 13. ( IP).,., PDU....,... 0 1,,. 0 1. CRC(Cyc lic Red unda ncy Che c k), FCS.,. - (de - e nc a ps ulatio n)., - 18 -
.,.,... 1.. 2.,. 3.. 4.. (Ete hrnet). C is c o 3 - La y e r.,,,.,.,.,.,,.,,.,. Cisc o,,. Cisc o 1. 14. 1. 14 Cis c o (Co re laye r) (Distributio n laye r) (Ac ce ss laye r) - 19 -
,,. OSI. 7,. OS I,.,.. 1. 15.,.. 1. 15 Core Laye r ( ),..,,.. (fa ult to le ra nce ). (late ncy)...., VLAN(Virtua l Local Area Network),.. (, )....,, FDDI, Fast Ethe rnet ( ) ATM... Co nve rge nc e.,. - 20 -
Distributio n Laye r (workgro up laye r),.,, WAN,..,.,..,..,, (que uing ) (add res s tra ns latio n) (static ) VLAN Acc es s Laye r.,.. ( ) ( ) DDR Ethe rnet, ( )., 3 3.. C is c o. Ethe rnet LAN. Ethe rnet,. Ethe rnet. Ethe rnet LAN UTP(Uns hie lded Twisted Pa ir). Ethe rne t LA N Ethe rnet DIX(Dig ita l, Inte l, Xe rox). Ethe rnet LAN, IEEE IEEE 802.3. (c oax),, 10 Mbps. IEEE 802.3 802.3u(FastEthe rnet) 802.3z (Giga bit Ethe rnet).,. 1. 16 IEEE 802.3 Ethe rnet. - 21 -
1. 16 Ethe rnet LAN Ethe rnet. Giga bit Ethe rnet, 10Gbps Ethe rnet ( ),. Ethe rnet. Ethe rnet. 10 Mbps,. 100 Mbps. 10 Mbps. Fa st Ethe rnet. 10Mbps. FastEthe rnet ( )... Ethe rne t Ethe rnet.. EIA/ TIA(Electro nic Ind ustries As s oc iatio n a nd the newe r Te le co mmuni- c ations Ind ustry Ass oc iatio n) Ethe rnet. EIA/ TIA Ethe rnet UTP(Uns hie lde d Twisted- Pa ir) 45 RJ (Reg iste red J ac k) RJ- 45. Ethe rnet. 10 Ba s e 2 thinnet 50. 185 30, AUI. 10 Ba s e 5 thic knet 50. 500 208. AUI. 2500 1024. 10 Ba s e T EIA/ TIA UTP 3, 4 5. 10. RJ- 45. 10 0 Ba s e TX EIA/ TIA UTP 5, 6 7. 100. RJ - 45 MII. 10 0 Ba s e FX 62.5/ 125.. 400. - ST SC. 10 0 0 Ba s e CX ( )STP(Shie lded Twisted- Pa ir) 25. 10 0 0 Ba s e T 5, 4 UTP 100 10 0 0 Ba s e S X 62.5-50 MMF. 780 260 10 0 0 Ba s e LX 9. 1300 3~ 10km. - 22 -
N O T E 100VG- AnyLAN TP(Twiste d Pa ir) 100 Mbps LAN. Ethe rnet ( ). UT P (RJ - 4 5 ) RJ - 45, 8. 8 4. 8 4, 4. RJ- 45 1-8. 1. 17 UTP RJ - 45. UTP. UTP. (twist). 5 6 3 UTP. 1. 17 UTP RJ - 45,. (S t ra ig ht- T h ro ug h) UTP. 1. 18. 1. 18 UTP. - 23 -
(C ro s s o v e r),,. 1. 19 UTP. 1. 19 UTP pin1 pin3, pin2 pin6.. N O T E X". X", X. (WA N) WAN(Wide Area Netwo rk) Cisc o WAN WAN. ISDN BRI. Cisc o WAN. WAN HDLC(Hig h- Leve l Data Link Co ntrol), PPP(Point- to- Po int Protoco l), IS DN(Integ rated Se rvic e Digita l Netwo rk), Fra me Re lay. 2400bps 1.544Mbps (T1). N O T E WAN 1 0. HDLC, PPP Fra me Re lay, IS DN. WAN. (pa ra lle l) 8. WAN. Cis co 60, Cis co Cis c o.. EIA/ TIA- 232, EIA/TIA- 449, V.35(CS U/ DS U ), X.2 1(X.25 ) EIA- 530. (fre que ncy) (He rtz).. bps (bits - pe r- s ec ond ). - 24 -
DTE( Da ta Te rm ina l Eq u ip m e nt) D C E(Da ta C o m m un ic a t io n Eq u ip m e nt) DTE,, CSU/ DSU(Cha nne l Se rvice Unit/ Data Se rvic e Unit) DCE. CS U/ DS U (de ma rc ). RJ- 45. CPE(Custo me r Pre mise Eq uipme nt). WAN DCE DTE. DCE CS U/ DS U CS U/ DS U. DCE DTE (Cloc k). Cisc o,. 2500. 250 1 2, 10 Bas et AUI.. 1600, 1700, 2600, 3600.. 1600 1700, 2600, Fa st Ethe rnet. IS D N ( Inte g ra te d S e rv ic e s D ig ita l Ne tw o rk) ISDN BRI(Ba s ic Rate Inte rface ) 64K B(Bea re r) 2 16 K D(Data ) 1. IS DN BRI U S/ T. 2 U 2 ISDN IS DN. S/ T 4, NT(Network Te rminatio n) (Type ) 1 4 2 IS DN. N O T E ISDN 1 0. U NT1. NT1 S/ T. Cis co BRI U S/ T. N O T E PRI(Prima ry Rate Inte rfac e ) T1(1.544 Mbps ), E1(2.048 Mbps ). IS DN BRI 5, RJ - 45,. LAN BRI,. Cis c o,. RJ- 45.. 1-8 2-7 3-6 4-5 PC - 25 -
5-4 6-3 7-2 8-1. PC DB9. Cis c o RJ- 45, Cata lyst 5000 DB25. 9600bps, 8, no pa rity, 1stop bit no flow co ntro l. VT100.., Te lnet,., Te lnet. C is c o Cisc o 3-. Cis co. Cisc o,., WAN. (Fra me Re lay), Cisc o. WAN dia l- up, 1.544Mbps, ISDN. WAN xds L,,.. 3~ 4. ISDN dia l- up. 2 Cis c o,. C is c o Cis c o. 10 Mbps 100Mbps. Cis c o 10Mbps, 10 100Mbps..,. 1.2 0 Cis c o.. (10 100 Mbps ) - 26 -
1.2 0 Cis c o C is c o Cis c o?. Cis co. Cis co... IP, VPN. Cis co IPX, Apple Ta lk DECnet.,.. 12000 Cis c o,. WAN. Cisc o. 1.2 1 Cis co. 1.2 1 Cis c o - 27 -
Cis co 700 Cis co IOS Cisc o 800. Cisc o 700. Cisc o. C is c o. Cata lyst 2900 30%. 4 Cata lyst 5000 12 10/ 100 $ 15,000, $7,500... Cis c o. 10/ 100 1000Mbps. ATM(Async hro nous Tra ns fe r Mode ), Giga bit Ethe rnet 10Gbps ATM?. 12,. 1.2 2 Cis co. 1.2 2 Cis c o Cata lyst c los et/ / Cisc o. 10/ 100 1000 Mbps (Trunking ) (VLANs ) - 28 -
1 OS I 7,. 1, Cisc o. OS I. 1,. Cisc o. Cis co 3-,,,. Cis c o. Cis c o.. ac ce ss laye r application layer App lic atio n- S pe c ific Integ rate d Circ uits (AS ICs) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) bridg es broadcast do main buffe r Carrie r Se nse Multiple Ac ces s w ith Co llis ion Detect (CS MA/ CD) Channe l S e rvic e Unit/ Data Se rvic e Unit (CS U/ DS U) hubs Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) laye re d arc hitecture Media Access Control (MAC) address Netwo rk laye r Org aniz ationally Uniq ue Ide ntifie r (OUI) OS I(Ope n Syste m s Inte rco nne ctio n) m ode l Phys ical laye r Pre se ntatio n laye r c ore laye r Protoc o l Data Units (PDUs ) Data Co m m unic atio n Eq uipm e nt (DCE) data fram e Data Link laye r Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) d istribution laye r e nc aps ulatio n Ethe rnet flow c ontrol frame full duplex half d up lex reg iste red jac k(rj) c o nne cto r ro ute r S es s io n laye r state transitions Sw itc h Thic knet Thinnet Trans port laye r uns hie lded tw isted - pair (UTP) wide area network (WAN) w indow ing hie rarc hic al add re ss ing - 29 -
. 1.1 : OS I 1.2 : OS I 1.3 : 1. 1 OS I OS I. 1.,,? 2.? 3., (e nd syste m)? 4.,,? 5.,,? 6.,, line dis c ipline,,,? 7.,,, (, )? 8.? 9.,, -? 10. (Bit) (byte ), (fra me ) MAC? 11.? 12.? 13.? - 30 -
14.? 15.? 16.. 17.. 1.2 OS I OSI, HUB,,,. OS I..... Ethe rnet. (Se que nc ing ).....,.. - 31 -
1.3 1.2 3. 1.2 3 A B C D - 32 -
1. Cis c o? A. Phys ic a l B. Acc es s C. Core D. Network E. Distributio n F. Data Link 2. OS I PDU? A. Co re B. Fra mes C. Pac kets D. Seg me nts E. Acc es s F. Distributio n G. Tra ns port 3. Cis co? A. Co re B. Netwo rk C. Phys ica l D. Distributio n E. Acc es s F. Tra ns po rt 4. PDU? A. Fra mes B. Pac kets C. Datag ra ms D. Tra ns ports E. Se gme nts F. Bits 5. OSI? A. Phys ic a l B. Data Link C. Netwo rk D. Tra ns port E. Distributio n F. Acc es s 6.? A. uplink B. C. D. - 33 -
7.? A. B. C. D. 8.? A. 1-8. B. 1-8. C. 1 3, 2 6. D. 2 3, 1 6. 9. OSI? A. B. C. D. 10. OS I 1 0? A. B. C. D. 11. OS I? A. B. C. D. 12. (co nte ntion) Cis co? A. B. C. D. E. F. G. 13. (ove r flowing )? A. (Se gme ntation) B. C. (Ac knowledgme nts ) D. E. PDUs - 34 -
14. OS I? A. B. C. D. E. 15.? ( ) A. B. C. D. 16. Cis c o 3-? A. B. C. D. E. 17.? A. 6 B. 16 C. 46 D. 48 18.? A. B.. C. D. "plug- a nd- play" (multive ndo r) 19. twiste d- pa ir? A. 100 Bas e FX B. 100 Bas etx C. 100VG- AnyLAN D. 10Ba set E. 100Ba se SX 20. 10 Bas et Ba se "? A. Bac kbo ne wiring. B. Ba se ba nd wiring. C. Bac kbo ne wiring. D. Bas e ba nd wiring. - 35 -
1. 1 1.. 2. 1 0. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6. PDU. 7. host. 8., IP. 9.. 10.. 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15. 1 0. 16.,,, 17.,,, 1.2 O S I.... (LLC ). - 36 -
Ethe rnet. (Se que nc ing ).... (MAC ).,.. 1.2 4 1.3 1.3 A B C D 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 4-37 -
1. B, Cis co. 2. C PDU OS I.. PDU 3. D. Cis c o. 4. A, PDU 5. D. 6. B,. 7. C MAC 8. C, PC PC. pin3, pin2 pin6. pin 1 9. D OS I. 10. A 1 0 1 1. C,. 12. A, Ethe rnet. 13. D.,. 14. B OSI. - 38 -
15. A, B, C, D... 16. E Cis c o - 2. 17. D 48 (6 ). 18. C OS I. 19. B, C, D 100 Bas etx 100VG- AnyLAN 10 Bas et twisted- pa ir. FX SX fibe r med ia. 2 0. D Bas e ba nd. Broad ba nd wiring. - 39 -
2 2 CCNA - - 2 - - 2 - - 2 - - 2 - Spa nning- Tre e - LAN - 2 2. B Cis c o Cata lyst 1900 (co nfiguratio n), 6 VLAN(Virtua l LAN). 2. 2. - 2 (lea rning ) (forwa rding ) / (filte ring ) Spa nning_tre e LAN 2, 6 B VLAN.
- 2-2. NIC MAC. ASIC(Applicatio n- Spe c ific Integ rate d Circ uit). - 2. - 2 (drop),. - 2. (MAC) (wire s peed ) (Late ncy) - 2.. - 2 ( ). 10 Bas et. - 2,. - 2-2.,. 80%.,. - 2 ( ). (pe rfo rma nce ),. s pa nning tree c onve rge nce,. - 2 ( - 3 ). LAN - 2.. ASIC. s panning- tree, s pa nning - tree (s pa nning- tre e ). 16,. - 2-2. ( le a rn ing ) - 2 MAC. /, MAC (exit). (red unda ncy). STP(Spa nning- Tre e Protoc ol)., /. - 41 -
MAC., MAC.,., MAC.. 2 MAC po int- to- point. - 2. (fo rwa rd ). 2. 1 MAC. 2. 1 MAC. 2. 1 Station1 Station3.,.. MAC. 1. 1 3. 1 MAC 0000.8c 0 1.1111 3 MAC 0000.8c0 1.2222. 2. E0 ( B ) MAC. 3. MAC. 4. 3 1. E2 3 MAC. 5. 1 3 po int- to- po int. 2 4. 2, (e ntry). / / MAC.,.... MAC - 42 -
. MAC ( ).., 1( ) 1( ),., 2. 1. 2. 1 11111111. 11111111.11111111. 11111111 10 10 1100.000 10000.11111111. 11111111 255.255.255.255 172. 16.255.255 1.,, 1.,. VLAN(Virtua l LAN). VLAN 6. (re dunda ncy)...,.. 1.. sto rm. 2.2.. 2.2 sto rm - 43 -
2.. 2.3. 2.3 3. MAC. MAC. MAC thras hing. 4. (multiple loop). storm. STP(Spa nning- Tre e Protoc ol). S TP (S pa n ning - Tre e P ro to c o l) STP(Spa nning- Tree Protoc ol) Co mpaq Co mpaq DEC(Dig ita l Eq uipme nt Cropo ratio n). IEEE 802.1d STP. Cis co DEC IEEE 802. 1d STP. STP - 2 ( ). STP (s hutdown). S pa nn ing - Tre e O pe ra tio ns STP. root root. root. Root des ignated, (fo rwa rd ing- state ).. 2.4 no nroot., no nroot root (c ost)( ) root. - 44 -
2.4 Spa nning- tree root de s ig nated, des ignated nondes ig nate d, bloc king. Ro o t STP BPDU(Bridge Protoco l Data Unit). BPDU, ID BPDU. ID root root. ID 8 MAC. IEEE STP 32,767. Root MAC. MAC ID. A B 32,767, MAC. A MAC 0000.0c00. 1111.1111 B MAC 0000.0c00.2222.2222, A root. 1900 BPDU. BPDU 2. - 2-3. 1 802.2., 802.3 LLC DSAP SSAP. Flags : 0x80 802.3 Status : 0x00 Packet Length : 64 T imestamp: 19:33:18.726314 02/ 28/ 2000 802.3 H eader D estination : 01:80:c2:00:00:00 S ourc e : 00:b0:64:75:6b :c3 LLC Leng th : 38 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) H eader D es t. S A P : 0x42 802.1 Bridge Spanning T ree S ourc e S A P : 0x42 802.1 Bridge Spanning T ree Com m and : 0x03 Unnumbered Information 802.1 - B ridg e S panning T ree P rotoc ol Identifier : 0 P rotoc ol V ers ion ID : 0 M es s ag e T y pe : 0 Configuration Message F lag s : %00000000 Root P riority/ ID : 0x8000 / 00:b0:64:75:6b :c0-45 -
Cos t Of P ath T o R oot : 0x00000000 (0) B ridg e Priority/ ID : 0x8000 / 00:b0:64:75:6b :c0 P ort Priority/ ID : 0x80 / 0x03 M es s ag e A g e : 0/ 256 seconds (exactly 0seconds) M ax im um A g e : 5120/ 256 seconds (exactly 20seconds) H ello T im e : 512/ 256 seconds (exactly 2seconds) F orw ard D elay : 3840/ 256 seconds (exactly 15seconds) Extra bytes (Padding):... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F ram e Check S equenc e : 0x2e006400 BPDU root (c ost). 0 root.. De s ig na te d Root. STP. 2.2 Ethe rnet. 2.2 Ethe rnet IEEE IEEE 10Gbps 1Gbps 100 Mbps 10Mbps 2 4 19 100 1 1 10 100 IEEE 802. 1d, 1900 IEEE 802.1d. S pa nn ing - Tre e STP. B lo c king (fo rwa rd ) BPDU (liste n). bloc king. Lis te n ing. Le a rn ing BPDU (liste n) MAC (forwa rd) Fo rw a rd ing Bridge d. bloc king fo rwa rd ing. Fo rwa rd ing root., liste ning lea rning. Bloc king. root, bloc king. Bloc k BPDU. bloc ked de s ig nated, liste ning. BPDU fo rwa rd ing. - 46 -
C o nv e rg e nc e Conve rge nce fo rwa rd ing bloc king., Co nve rge nc e.. Co nve rge nce. bloc king fo rwa rd ing 50. STP. (forwa rd de lay) liste ning lea rning le a rning fo rwa rd ing. S pa nn ing - Tre e s pa nning tree,. 2.5 32,768 MAC. MAC root. 2.5 Spa nning- tree 1900A MAC, 3 1900A root. 1900 B 1900C root (cost). root 0 100Mbps, root 0. de s ig nated ID. Root des ig nate d., 1900B 1900C root, ID 1900B root. 1900 B de s ig nated, 1900C port 1 bloc king. - 47 -
LA N (late ncy).. S to re a nd fo rw a rd CRC, MAC. Cut- th ro ug h MAC. Fra g me ntfre e Cata lyst 1900, c ut- thro ug h. 64, frag me ntatio n. 2.6.. 2.6 6 1 6 6 2 1500 4 Pre a m b le S FD DATA FCS Fra g m e ntfre e Store - a nd - forw a rd c ut- throug h (la te nc y) S to re - a nd - Fo rw a rd Store- a nd- Fo rwa rd 3 LAN. Sto re- a nd- Fo rwa rd LAN, CRC(Cyc lic Re dunda ncy Chec k). (late ncy). CRC, (CRC 64 ), (CRC 15 18 ). LAN. Cata lyst 5000,. C ut- Thro ug h (Re a l T im e ) Cut- thro ug h LAN. LAN (Prea mble 6 )., MAC. Cut- through. (thre s hold ) c ut- through., sto re - a nd- fo rwa rd. c ut- through. - 48 -
Fra g me ntfre e ( C ut- Thro ug h) Freg me ntfre e c ut- thro ug h. (64 bytes ). 64. Frag me ntfree c ut- thro ug h. 1900. 2-2.. - 2 (lea rning ) MAC - 2 / Spa nning- Tree Cis co LAN. addres s learning Bridg e Protoco l Data Units (BPDUs ) c ut - thro ug h fram e sw itc hing des ig nated po rt Frag me nt Free nondes ig nate d port root bridg e S panning - Tre e Protoc ol (STP) sto re - and - fo rward pac ket sw itc hing - 49 -
. 1. Root? 2. Des ignated? 3. Nondes ig nate d? 4. Bloc king? 1. CRC LAN? A. Cut- through B. Sto re- a nd- fo rwa rd C. Frag me ntche c k D. Frag me nt Free 2. LAN? A. Cut- through B. Sto re- a nd- fo rwa rd C. Frag me ntche c k D. Frag me nt Free 3. STP bloc k? ( ) A. bloc k. B. BPDU bloc k. C. BPDU bloc k. D. bloc k. 4. - 2? A. (MAC) B. (wire s peed ) C. (late ncy) D. - 50 -
5. root? ( ) A. (prio rity) B. C. MAC D. IP 6.? A. (prio rity) B. C. MAC D. IP 7. STP? A. Lea rning B. Lea rned C. Liste ned D. He a rd E. Liste ning F. Forwa rding G. Fo rwa rded H. Bloc king I. Gathe ring 8. - 2? A. B. C. D. E. F. IP 9. BPDU? A. IP. B.. C. STP. D. ID. 10. bloc ked de s ig nated? A. Unbloc ked B. Forwa rding C. Liste ning D. Liste ned E. Lea rning F. Lea rned - 51 -
11. - 2? ( ) A. 1 s pa nning- tree insta nce B. 1 s pa nning- tre e insta nc e. C. 1 s pa nning- tree insta nce. D. 1 s pa nning- tree insta nc e. 12. - 2? ( ) A.. B.. C.. D.. 13.,? A.. B. (d ro p). C. (flood ). D. na me res o lution. 14. MAC (fo rwa rd ing) (c ollis io n window) LAN? A. Cut- through B. Sto re- a nd- fo rwa rd C. Frag me ntche c k D. Frag me nt Free 15. 1900 LAN? A. Cut- through B. Sto re- a nd- fo rwa rd C. Frag me ntche c k D. Frag me nt Free 16. ID? A. IP B. STP C. STP D. BPDU E. Co nve rge nc e 17. root? A. root B. root C. BPDU root D. Root ID, root - 52 -
18. root? A. 10 B. 1 C. 1 D. 20 19.? A. Co nve rge nc e B. storm C. D. IP fla pping 20. STP? A. 32,768 B. 3276 C. 100 D. 10 E. 1 1. 1900A 2. 0, 1900B 1900C 0 3. 1900C 1 4. 1900C 1-53 -
1. B Sto re- a nd- fo rwa rd LAN CRC. LAN. 2. A Cut- through LAN. Co ut- through fo rwa rd ing. 3. A, C Bloc ked po rt BPDU, BPDU forwa rding. 4. A, B - 2 ASIC,. - 2 (late ncy) (wire s peed ). 5. A, C STP - 2 root MAC. 6. B de s ig nated. 7. A, E, F, H bloc king, lea rning, liste ning fo rwa rd ing. 8. A, C, E - 2 (lea rning), (fo rwa rd ing) (filte ring ),. 9. B BPDU ID. 10. C Bloc ked forwa rding BPDU liste ning. 11. A, B s pa nning- tree insta nce. 1 s pa nning- tre e insta nce. 12. C, D,. 13. C fo rwa rd. MAC. 14. D Fra gme nt Fre e 64. c ut- thro ug h. 15. D 1900 Fra gme nt Fre e LAN. 1900 store- a nd- forwa rd. 16. D ID BPDU. 17. B Root root. 18. B root. 19. B, C sto rm. 20. A 32,768. - 54 -