한국원자력연구소방사선 / 능 측정기교정 / 시험기술현황 제5회측정클럽종합 Workshop : 방사선분야 2006. 10. 12. ~ 13. 김봉환
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교정개관 교정의목적 (1) 사용목적에따라측정기가적절하게반응하는지확인 (2) 기준조건에서기준량을정확히측정하는지확인 (3) 측정정확도향상을위한기기동작조건결정 측정소급성체계의유지 (Maintenance of Traceability in Measurement)
교정개관
교정개관 방사선분야국가교정기관으로서의역할 측정소급성의유지및전파 연구소내 / 외교정서비스제공 ( 국내 RI 이용산업체, 연구기관, 교육기관, 원자력발전소...) -1978 : 국가교정기관최초지정 (26-1 조사선량, 26-2 흡수선량, 26-3 방사능, 26-4 방사선 ) - 2002 : KOLAS 재평가 인정 (KC 02-98, 1 분야 : 방사선 12 항목 ) - 2005 : 인정항목재분류 3 분야 (801 방사선, 802 방사능, 803 중성자 ) 12 항목 - 2006. 7. ~ : KOLAS 갱신평가중 (801 방사선, 802 방사능, 803 중성자 ) 12 항목 한국원지력연구소김봉환 2006/10/12
교정개관 ISO/IEC 17025;1999와 KS A 17025;2000에의한공인인정범위한국원자력연구소우 305-353, 대전유성구덕진동 150번지전화번호 ;042-868-8040, 팩스번호 ;042-862-0252, 8609, 전자우편 ;bhkim2@kaei.re.kr 교정유효기간만료일 : 2007. 01. 29. 인증번호 : KC02-098 KOLAS 평가결과에의해다음의교정수행에대하여공인됩니다. 분류번호 교정항목 분류번호 교정항목 분류번호 교정항목 801. 방사선 80102 개인피폭선량계 80103 엑스 / 감마직독식선량계 80104 환경선량률감시기 80105 전리함선량계 80107 광자조사장치 80108 베타서베이미터 80109 엑스 / 감마서베이미터 802. 방사능 80202 표면오염감시기 80210 비례계수기 80212 반도체형검출기 803. 중성자 80301 직독식중성자선량계 80302 중성자조사장치 80304 중성자서베이미터
교정개관 연간교정서비스현황 - 3,547 (2005 년 ) - 개인선량계기준선량조사 : 4,026 각종시험및측정지원 - 검출기에너지의존성, 각의존성 - 방사선감쇠시험 - 방사선누설검사, 방사성오염검사 건수 ( x1000) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 소내소외 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 년도 개인선량계 44.3% 32% 일반산업체 오염검사장비 23.6% 연구기관 12% 4.8% 지역감시기 25.5% 외부선량률측정기 0.3 % 선량측정 / 시험 0.3% 0.3% 1.5% 방사능측정시스템 교육기관 15% 11% 원자력발전소 12% 병원 18% 기타
교정개관 기준방사선장 국제표준협회규격의사용 : 측정기교정및시험결과의 일치성유지및확인 (International Organization of Standards ; ISO) ISO-4037-1, X and gamma reference radiation ISO-6980, Reference beta radiations ISO-8529-1, Reference neutron radiations ISO-12789, Reference neutron radiations for simulating radiation fields at workplace ISO-8769 & ISO-8769-2, Reference sources for the calibration of surface contamination monitor
교정개관 교정량 ( 실용량 ) 의결정과정 기준방사선장 물리량의결정입자선속, Φ(E,Ω) 인체조직커마, K T( Gy) ; 공기커마, K a( Gy) 조직흡수선량, D T( Gy) ; 공기흡수선량, D a( Gy) 교정량 ( 실용량 ) 의결정주변선량당량, H * (d)(sv) 방향성선량당량, H'(d,Ω)(Sv) 개인선량당량 (ICRU 조직팬텀 ), H p (d)(sv)
교정개관 한국원지력연구소김봉환 2006/10/12
교정개관 한국원지력연구소김봉환 2006/10/12
한국원자력연구소교정 / 시험기술 [1] 엑스 / 감마선 - 엑스선선질평가 [2] 베타선 [3] 중성자 [4] 방사능 [5] 상호비교수행실적 정리하면 한국원지력연구소김봉환 2006/10/12
[1] 엑스 / 감마선 [1] Calibration Specification for X/Gamma Radiation (1) Equipments Equipment Ionization chamber Electrometer Barometer Thermometer H.V supply X-ray generator Gamma irradiator Auxiliary equipment Model/(s/n) Exradin A4/A6 (30/600 cm3 ) PTW LS01, LS10 Keithley 35617 (s/n: 22829) Mensor DPG II 14500 Guildline 9540(s/n: 63283) Keithley248 (s/n: s164/5 ) MG325, HF75 OB40 Laser for beam alignment Instrument holder Remote camera Uncertainty (1σ) < ± 1 % < ± 1, 1.5 % < ± 0.1 % < ± 0.1 % < ± 0.1 % < ± 0.1 % - - Position control : < ± 0.1 %
[1] 엑스 / 감마선 기준공기커마율 K = 3600 M k pr k T k d CF K : 공기커마율. Gy/h M : 전리전류측정값, A k pr : 압력보정인자, 101.33/P, (P kpa) k T : 압력보정인자, (T+273.15)/293.15 k d : 거리보정인자 CF : 교정인자, Gy/A
[1] 엑스 / 감마선 (2) Beam Qualities (ISO wide and narrow) Beam Code (E ave, kev) Dose rate ( ± %) * X-ray W60 (45) W80 (57) W110 (79) W150 (104) 0.9 ~ 9 R/h 1.9 ~ 17 R/h 1.4 ~ 12.8 R/h 3.3 ~ 31.6 R/h 7.9 ~ 79 mgy/h 17 ~ 149 mgy/h 12 ~ 112 mgy/h 29 ~ 277 mgy/h 2.8 N60 (48) N80 (65) N100 (83) N120 (100) N150 (118) N200 (164) N250 (208) N300 (250) 0.3 ~ 3.02 R/h 1.9 ~ 18.6 R/h 0.4 ~ 0.81 R/h 0.5 ~ 0.96 R/h 0.7 ~ 6.82 R/h 1.81 ~ 2.68 R/h 0.5 ~ 1.69 R/h 0.5 ~ 1.75 R/h 2.7 ~ 27 mgy/h 17 ~ 163 mgy/h 3.5 ~ 71 mgy/h 4.4 ~ 84 mgy/h 6.1 ~ 597 mgy/h 16 ~ 24 mgy/h 4.4 ~ 15 mgy/h 4.4 ~ 15 mgy/h 2.8 Gamma radiation Cs-137 (662) 1 ~ 90 R/h 60 ~ 1.8 R/h 5 ~ 160 mr/h 1.3 ~ 44 mr/h 0.2 ~ 1.5 mr/h 8.8 ~ 790 mgy/h 0.5 ~ 15.8 mgy/h 44 ugy/h ~ 1.4 mgy/h 11 ugy/h ~ 0.4 mgy/h 1.8 ~ 13 ugy/h 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 Am-241 (60) Co-60 (1250) Internal use only * Expanded uncertainty with the confidence level of about 95 % (k=2)
[1] 엑스 / 감마선 (3) Conversion coefficient for calibration quantity beam code E ave h'(0.07)/k a h * (10)/K a h * (10)/X Uncertainty (kev) (Sv/Gy) (Sv/Gy) (csv/r) (±%) W60 45 1.43 1.49 1.31 W80 58 1.54 1.66 1.45 W110 79 1.59 1.71 1.50 W 150 104 1.53 1.62 1.42 N60 48 1.48 1.59 1.39 N80 65 1.6 1.73 1.52 N100 83 1.6 1.71 1.50 N120 100 1.55 1.64 1.44 N150 118 1.5 1.58 1.38 N200 164 1.39 1.46 1.28 N250 208 1.34 1.39 1.22 N300 250 1.31 1.35 1.18 Cs-137 662-1.2 1.05 Co-60 1250-1.16 1.02 Am-241 59.9 1.59 1.74 1.52 2.0 2.0 2.0 h (0.07)/Ka : Air Kerma to directional dose equivalent conversion coefficient h* (10)/Ka : Air Kerma to ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficient h*(10)/r : Air exposure to ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficient Reference ISO4307-3 ISO4307-3 ISO4307-3
엑스선장선질평가 Useful X-ray Beam Codes for Photon Dosimetry ISO-4037 (filtered & fluorescent X-ray) Low Air Kerma Narrow Wide Radiation Protection Level High Air Kerma -Tolerance : Resolution ± 15%, Eave. < ± 5% NIST (ANSI N13.11) Light Filtration : Very High Dose Rate Moderate Filtration : Medical Heavy Filtration : Energy Response of Detector (Narrow Beam of ISO) -Tolerance : HVL ± 5%, Homogeneity < ± 10%
엑스선장선질평가 Evaluation of X-ray Beam Quality - SSDL technique ; HVL & Homogeniety, HVL1 HVL2 st nd - PSDL technique ; by X-ray Spectrometry Mean energy : < ± 3% Resolution : < ± 10%.need to unfold the measured spectra using detector response; at least when the H.T. over 100 kvcp was applied..determination of Dose Conversion Coefficient from the unfolded spectra and the DCC data of mono-energetic photon for an appropriate acceptor, ICRU sphere or water slab phantom, etc.
엑스선장선질평가 Schematic diagram of X-ray spectrometry technique 200cm Shutter Power Supply Voltage Stabilizer X-ray Generator HPGe Detector Laser Limiting Diaphragm, φ=0.8mm Preamp Energy calibration of a HPGe detector by using gamma emitters Amp ADC MCA Spectrum unfolding PC
엑스선장선질평가 10000 8000 ISO spectrum M easured spectrum Unfolded spectrum Relative Intensity 6000 4000 ISO N100 HT : 100 kvp 2000 0 0.00 0.05 0.10 Energy(M ev) 10000 8000 ISO spectrum M easured spectrum Unfolded spectrum Relative Intensity 6000 4000 ISO N200 HT : 200 kvp 2000 0 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 Energy(M ev)
250 99.5 6.12Cu 5.0Pb+ 3.0Sn 250.2 99.6 6.12Cu 2.05Pb+ 3.0Sn N300 208 99.2 5.19Cu 3.0Pb+ 2.0Sn 207.6 99.1 5.19Cu 3.05Pb+ 2.0Sn N250 164 98.5 3.99Cu 1.0Pb+ 3.0Sn+ 2.0Cu 163.4 98.3 3.97Cu 1.0Pb+ 3.0Sn+ 2.05Cu N200 118 95.5 2.36Cu 2.5Sn 118.3 94.8 2.35Cu 2.6Sn N150 100 96.6 1.71Cu 1.0Sn+ 5.0Cu 100.6 97.1 1.71Cu 1.0Sn+ 5.0Cu N120 83 94.8 1.11Cu 5.0Cu 83.4 93.9 1.09Cu 5.0Cu N100 65 93.5 0.58Cu 2.0Cu 65.3 94.9 0.57Cu 2.05Al N80 48 92.3 0.24Cu 0.6Cu 48.2 92.1 0.23Cu 0.604Al N60 118 95 2.5Cu 1.51Sn+ 4.0Cu+ 4.0Al 118.7 95.2 2.41Cu 1.51Sn+ 4.94Cu+ 3.93Al H150 73 89 10.25Al 5.0Al+ 0.25Cu 76.7 87.8 10.26Al 0.31Cu+ 4.07Al M150 53 73 5.03Al 5.0Al 54.2 74.4 4.91Al 3.67Al M100 35 68 1.68Al 1.51Al 34.6 68.2 1.67Al - M60 20 64 0.36Al 0.5Al 19.9 63.4 0.36Al 0.374Al M30 104 88.6 1.86Cu 1.0Sn 104.6 86.6 1.81Cu 1.0Sn W150 79 86.5 0.96Cu 2.0Cu 79.1 90.4 0.963Cu 2.0Cu W110 58 79.5 0.35Cu 0.5Cu 57.1 81.6 0.355Cu 0.50Cu W80 45 85.7 0.18Cu 0.3Cu 45.4 85.8 0.187Cu 0.31Al W60 E ave. (kev) 균질도 (%) HVL (mm) 부가필터 (mm) E ave. (kev) 균질도 (%) HVL (mm) 부가필터 (mm) ISO 또는 ANSI 연구소선질엑스선장선질평가한국원지력연구소김봉환 2006/10/12
엑스선장선질평가 Dose rate of fluorescence X-ray Target Filter E kα (kev) H.V. (kvp) Current (ma) K a by Measurement (mgy/h) K a by Calculation (mgy/h) Zr Cu 8.64 50 10 6.0605 20 11.7126 10.90 Mo Zr 17.5 80 10 27.7091 20 54.52 48.39 Sn Ag 25.3 100 10 18.1072 16.95 20 35.6880 Nd Ce 37.4 110 10 4.9672 4.89 20 9.7437 Er Gd 49.1 120 10 5.3784 4.72 20 10.4960 W Yb 59.3 170 10 6.0860 5.60 15 9.0546 Au W 68.8 170 10 1.9144 1.79 15 2.8697 Pb Au 75 200 10 5.1987 5.12 15 7.7691 Air kerma rates by measurement and calculation -Beam size : 4 x 4 cm 2 (97.5 %), 6 x 6 cm 2 (95 %) - Distance : 43 cm from the radiator
엑스선장선질평가 Relative Intensity 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 ZnCu Without filter With filter E K,α : 8.64 kev 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 MoZr Without filter With filter E K,α : 17.5 kev 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Relative Intensity 10000 8000 6000 4000 SnAg Without filter With filter E K,α : 25.3 kev 10000 8000 6000 4000 NdCe Without filter With filter E K,α : 37.4keV 2000 2000 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Energy (kvp) 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Energy (kvp) 형광엑스선장에너지스펙트럼
[2] 베타선 [2] Calibration Specification for Beta Radiation (1) Equipments Equipment Model / (s/n) Uncertainty (1σ) Beta sources Sr/Y-90, 1.85 GBq, 74 MBq < ± 0.71 % (PTB) Barometer Mensor DPG II 14500 < ± 0.1 % Thermometer Beta irradiator Auxiliary equipment Guildline 9540 (s/n:63 283) BSS-1 Laser for beam alignment Instrument holder Remote camera < ± 0.1 % - Position control : <± 0.7 % PTW extrapolation chamber is used to determine the reference absorbed dose rate or to monitor the integrity of calibration sources.
[2] 베타선 기준조직흡수선량률 D t ( 0.07 ) = D t ( 0 ) T ( 0.07 ) k t k p k h D t(0.07) : 피부깊이 0.07 cm 에서의조직흡수선량 (μgy.s-1) D t(0) : 피부표면에서의조직흡수선량 (μgy.s -1 ) T (0.07) : 피부깊이 0.07 cm 에서의 transmission factor k t : 기준일대비선원붕괴에따른보정인자, exp(-6.662 x 10-5 x 경과일수 ) k p : 기준기압대비대기압변동에따른보정인자 k h : 기준상대습도대비상대습도변동에따른보정인자 베타선조사실의환경조건을다음과같이유지할경우 k p 와 k h 는각각 1.0 (± 0.05 %) 이므로기준일대비선원붕괴보정인자, k t, exp(-6.662 x 10-5 x 경과일수 ) 만을보정. 1) 온도, T : 291 ~ 295 (K) (18 C ~ 22 C) 2) 상대습도 : 0 ~ 100 % R.H. 3) 대기압 / 절대온도비율, p/t : 0.34 ~ 0.35 (kpa/k)
[2] 베타선 (2) Beam Qualities ( 90 Sr/Y, ISO 6980) Activity Use of beam flattening filter DE rate, H (0.07) (msv/h) Distance (cm) Reference date Uncertainty (± %) 75 MBq Use 7.94 30 2005.05.01 3.3 1.9 GBq No use 1622 221.2 5.83 11 30 50 2005.05.01. 3.3 * Expanded uncertainty for dose equivalent rate with the confidence level of 95 % (k=2). Beam uniformity - Horizontal -Vertical Bremsstrahlung Max. E res. ISO 6980 < ± 5 % < 5 % > 1.8 MeV KAERI < ± 2.1 % < ± 2.4 % 2.4 % 1.9 MeV
[3] 중성자 [3] Calibration Specification for Neutron Radiation (1) Equipments Equipment Neutron sources Neutron irradiator Pulser Auxiliary equipment Model 252 Cf (960 μg) 1) 252 Cf (100 μg) 2) AmBe ( 112 GBq) PTS-200 Eberline MP2 or equivalent Laser for beam alignment Instrument holder Remote camera Uncertainty (1σ) < ± 2.0 % (NIST) < ± 0.97 % (KRISS) < ± 1.67 % (KRISS) - < ± 1 % Position control: < ± 0.4 % 1) Reference date : 1992. 2. 16. (2.03 x 10 9 s -1 ) 2) Reference date : 2005. 1. 21. (1.25 x 10 8 s -1 )
[3] 중성자 선량당량률, H p (10), ( 중수감속구 252 Cf 선원 ) H p (10) = = Φ h B k t B (10) = h 2 4πD 2.1158 x 10 p 10 p (10) k scatt k [msv/min ] eacape k t 6 x 10 8 Hp(10) : 선량당량률 (msv/min) Φ : 중성자입자선속밀도 (neutron fluence, cm 2.s -1 ) B : 선원의중성자방출율 (s -1 ) h p (10): 입자선속당선량당량환산인자 (110 psv.cm 2 ) (fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factor) D : 선원으로부터의거리 (50 cm, 선원중심과기준조사지점까지의거리 ) k scatt : 조사실구조물로인한산란기여분보정인자 (1.167) k escape : 중수감속구로인한중성자손실보정인자 (0.863) k t : 기준일로부터조사당일까지의시간경과로인한붕괴보정인자, exp(-7.159 x 10-4 x 경과일수 ) k escape : 중수감속구를사용했을경우이로인한중성자손실율 (13.7 %) 을고려하여중성자방출률을보정
[3] 중성자 (2) Beam Qualities Source Use of moderator E ave. (MeV) DE rate, H * (10) Distance (cm) Reference date ( ± %) * 252 Cf No use 1.84 1.66 msv/h 1.62 msv/h 100 100 03. 8. 23. 06. 9. 22. 4.65 3.06 D 2 O mod. 252 Cf Use (D:32.3 cm) 0.49 0.27 msv/h 100 03. 8. 23 8.98 AmBe No use 4.23 143.3 usv/h 75 01. 1. 1 8.76 Memo) corrected neutron emission rate : 9.9138 x 10 7 /s ( 252 Cf) @ Aug. 23, 2003 6.9469 x 10 8 /s (AmBe) @ Jan. 1, 2001 Eave. was estimated including scattered neutrons at the reference point. *Expanded uncertainty for dose equivalent rate with the confidence level of 95 % (k=2). *Measured and evaluated by using a Bonner Sphere Spectrometry System (BS).
[3] 중성자 Neutron Irradiation System of KAERI
[3] 중성자 Scattered Neutron Calibration Fields of KAERI 4 Fluence in lethargy : x 100 1.2 Normalized group fluence : x 0.1 Edφ/dE (n/cm 2 s) 3 2 Cf252 D2O AmBe CfPMMA behindwall fulence, φ (n/cm 2 s) 1.0 0.8 0.6 Cf252 D2O AmBe CfPMMA behindwall 1 0.4 0.2 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 10 0 10 1 10 2 SNCF Energy (MeV) Classification Distance (cm) 0.0 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 10 0 10 1 10 2 Energy (MeV) Eave. (MeV) h*(10) (psv.cm 2 ) DE rate (msv/h) [A] 252 Cf 100 1.84 308 1.22 [B] 252 Cf + PMMA 100 0.55 123 0.22 [C] D 2 O moderated 252 Cf 100 0.49 91 0.30 [D] AmBe 50 4.23 366 0.37 [E] 252 Cf (behind the wall) 385 0.25 79 0.03 Reference date : Feb. 26, 2004
[4] 방사능 [4] Calibration Specification for Radioactivity (1) Equipments (for Contamination monitor) Classification Alpha Beta Check source (Linearity) Source holder Radiation source 241 Am (10 x 10 cm 2 ) 36 Cl (10 x 15 cm 2 ) 90 Sr/Y (10 x 15 cm 2 ) 14 C, 99 Tc, 204 Tl 90 Sr/Y, 241 Am (144/82 s -1 ) 90 Sr/Y, 241 Am (521/524 s -1 ) 90 Sr/Y, 241 Am (1783/4713 s -1 ) Instrument holder Source holder Uncertainty (k =1) < ± 3 % < ± 3 % < ± 3 % < ± 3 % < ± 3 % < ± 3 % < ± 3 % Position control : < ± 0.2 %
[4] 방사능 표면오염감시기교정용기준면적선원 (1) 1 급표준선원 국가표준기관에서절대측정하거나기준기급대면적다중선비례계수관으로측정하여교정된표준선원, 표면방출율불확도 : 3 %, 표면방출율 : 2,000 s -1 ~10,000 s -1 ( 방사능불확도 : < 10% ), 선원균질도 : < 10 % (2) 2 급표준선원 국가표준에측정소급성을갖고있는대면적다중선비례계수관으로측정하여교정된표준선원표면방출율불확도 : 6 %, 표면방출율 : 2,000 s -1 ~10,000 s -1 ( 방사능불확도 : < 10% ), 선원균질도 : < 10 % (3) 작업표준 일상적인기기교정에활용되는표준선원으로일정기하구조물에장착되어 사용되며, 1 급또는 2 급표준선원의규격을가질수있는선원.
[4] 방사능 Detection efficiency (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 Am241, HT993, U:2.4% Sr90, A005, U:2.9% Tl204, A003, U:2,9% Change of SRM : 2004-11 2002-10 2003-10 2004-11 2005-11 Calibration date (YYYY-MM) Am241, 556-36, U:2.0% Sr90, EN514, U:2.0% Cl36, EN513, U:2.0% View of the LB5310 and a large area beta source ( 90 Sr/Y, 10 x 15 cm 2 ) Detection efficiencies of the multi-wire proportional counter (LB5310) used to check the integrity of calibration sources of KAERI for 4 years.
[4] 방사능 교정인자 (CF E ) 결정 : 검출효율 / 선형성확인 ( 불감시간보정 ) CF E S = A M k S A : 검출기유효면적으로보정된선원의표면방출율 k l : 교정범위한도내에서적용하는측정기의선형성보정인자 (k l =1.0) l S A = S E f A k t k H = S E A A D S k t k H S E : 선원표면방출율, f A : ( 검출기유효 ) 면적보정인자, A D : 검출기유효면적, A S : 교정용기준선원면적 k t : 붕괴보정인자, k H : 기준면적선원의균질도보정인자 (k H =1.0)
S r H t l D E E A M k k k k A S CF = ) ( 2 2 B A c r r r + = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( + + + + + + + = r r H H S S t t l l D D E E k u k k u k A u A k u k k u k A u A M M s S u S 불확도추정 (U) : 상대합성불확도 (r c ) x 포함인자 (k) [4] 방사능
[4] 방사능 베타표면오염감시기교정에따른불확도내역의예 (FHT111M) 양, X i 추정값, x i 상대표준불확도, (%) 확률분포 감도계수 기여량, u(y i ), (%) 지시값, s(m) 908 s -1 0.07 t 1 0.07 표면방출율, u(s E ) 2,826 s -1 1 정규 1 1 붕괴보정인자, u(k t ) 0.966 0 정규 1 0 면적보정인자, u(a) 0.667 (2/3) 0.7 직사각형 1 0.7 선원균질도, u(k H ) 1 5.77 직사각형 1 5.77 선형성보정인자, u(k l ) 1 4.53 t 1 4.53 교정거리보정, u(k r ) 1 2.9 정규 0.15 0.44 교정인자, u(cf E ) 2.25 정규 - 7.45 Uncertainty at the confidence level about 95 % (k=1.65) : 1.65 x 7.45 = 12 %
[4] 방사능 표면오염감시기검출효율 : 베타 : 18.3 ~ 51.2 % ( 90 Sr/Y), 13.2 ~ 51.3 ( 36 Cl) 알파 : 22.1 ~ 56.8 % ( 241 Am) 베타에너지의존성 : 검출효율 ( <300 kev) ; 1/2 ~ 1/3 x ( > 700 kev) 불확도 : 선형성제외 : ~ 10 % ( 약 95 % C.L. k = 1.65)
[4] 방사능 Characteristic data on the calibration of beta contamination monitors Model (prove) Detector 1) Detect. area ( cm or cm2 ) 90 Sr C.F. 36 Cl U 2) (%) FHZ140 SHP360 FHT111M FHZ742 LB124 FHT111M COMO170 LB124 HGZ190 LB6357 G.M. G.M. P.C. (Xenon) Scin. (ZnS) P.C. (Xenon) P.C. (Xenon) Scin. (ZnS) Scin. (ZnS) P.C. (Butane/ Propane) P.C. (Xenon) ϕ 2.8 cm ϕ 4.5 cm 10 x 10 10 x 12.5 10 x 15 10 x 16.6 10 x 17 11.8 x 14.5 11 x 16.8 12 x 19 5.47 2.79 3.05 2.54 3.01 2.59 1.92 3.07 4.44 3.46 7.60 3.32 3.23 2.77 3.19 2.74 1.95 3.09 4.56 3.80 1) G.M. : GM tube, P.C. : Proportional Counter, Scin. : Scintillation detector 2) Uncertainty at the confidence level about 95 % (k=1.65) 11 12 12 19 17 28 14 18 13 29
[4] 방사능 Characteristic data on the calibration of alpha contamination monitors Model (prove) Detector 1) Detect. area ( cm or cm2 ) C.F. U 2) (%) Surceyor M Scin. (ZnS) 50 1.76 18 AC-3-7/8 Scin. (ZnS) 59 2.62 12 HP380A Scin. (ZnS) 10 x 10 4.52 16 FHZ742 Scin. (ZnS) 10 x 12.5 4.09 12 1) G.M. : GM tube, P.C. : Proportional Counter, Scin. : Scintillation detector 2) Uncertainty at the confidence level about 95 % (k=1.65)
[5] 상호비교수행실적 [5] Inter-comparison measurements Fields No of fields Counterpart Performed at le n l X-rays, 137 Cs, 60 Co 7 PNNL, U.S.A. 1994. 6. < 0.8, except for M30 X-rays, 137 Cs, 60 Co, 252 Cf 9 PNNL, U.S.A. 1995. 6. < 0.4 90 Sr/Y 1 ETL, Japan PNNL, U.S.A. 1996. 3. 1996. 6. < 0.1 X-rays, 137 Cs 6 PNNL, U.S.A. 1997. 11. < 0.6 252 Cf 2 (TEPC) PNNL, U.S.A. 2000. 11. ~ 2001. 5. < 0.2 X-rays, 137 Cs, 241 Am 19 PNNL, U.S.A. 2005. 12. < 0.5 Radioactivity 1 ( 241 Am) KRISS 2006. 9. < 0.6 252 Cf 1 KRISS 2006. 9. < 0.1
정리하면.. 교정 / 시험기술과설비의활용 - 측정결과의소급성유지 / 전파 결과의신뢰도보장 - 방사선 / 능측정기성능시험 : 반응자료생산 -검출기개발/ 상용화를위한기반시설 임무수행일상및특별교정 (Routine & Special Calibration) 형식및수용시험 (Type& Acceptance Test)
Energy Response of TLD elements (C-300-A, Teledyne) 10 Relative Sensitivity to Cs-137 1 Area1M Area1S Area2M Area2S Area3M Area3S Area4M Area4S Cs-137 data point 0.1 10 100 1000 Energy (kev)
50 Efficiency (area coeercted, %) 40 30 20 10 99 Tc, 294 kev 14 C, 156 kev 204 Tl, 763 kev 36 Cl, 709 kev Pancake, φ : 4.5 cm FHT111M, 10 cm x 10 cm 90 Sr/Y, 2274 kev 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Beta energy, E max. (kev) Energy dependency of beta contamination monitors (SHP360 and FHT111M)
NP2 9 inch Remmeter TEPC Dineutron TLDs
중수감속 252 Cf 선원에대한교정인자 측정기 검출기 교정인자 NG-2 (NRC, USA) 원통형감속구, BF3 비례계수관 0.99 ESP2/NRD (Eberline, USA) 구형 PE 감속구, 원통형 BF3 비례계수관 1.03 Ludlum 12-4(Ludlum, YSA) 구형 PE 감속구, 구형 BF3 비례계수관 0.92 REM-500 (HPI, USA) 조직등가비례계수관 0.97 Dineutron (Nardeux, France) 2개의구형 H-3 비례계수관 0.80 A300 (Teledyne, USA) 열형광선량계 0.98 2.4 2.2 1.0 0.9 TLD response [reading/hp(10)] 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0-0.2 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Response [reading/h*(10)] 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 NG-2 ESP2/NRD LUDLUM REM-500 DINEUTRON 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Hp(10)/φ, [psv.cm 2 ] Η (10)/φ, [psv.cm 2 ]
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