한수지 47(6), 88-823, 204 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6),88-823,204 타피오카전분을이용한넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 용고효율배합사료개발 김강웅 이진혁 배기민 김경덕 이봉주 한현섭 이경준 김성삼 * 국립수산과학원사료연구센터, 제주대학교해양생명과학과 Development of High Efficiency Extruded Pellets with Tapioca Starch in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Kang-Woong Kim, Jin-Hyuck Lee, Ki-Min Bae, Kyoung-Duck Kim, Bong-Joo Lee, Hyon-Sob Han, Kyeong-Jun Lee and Sung-Sam Kim* Aquafeed Research Center, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Pohang 79-923, Korea Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea This study compared the effects of feeding diets consisting of an experimental extruded pellet with tapioca starch (EEP), commercial extruded pellet (CEP), and raw-fish-based pellet (MP) on the growth, flesh quality, and apparent digestibility coefficient of the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Two replicated groups of 4,000 fish each (initial mean weight: 8.8±3.5 g) were fed one of the experimental diets for 5 months. After the feeding trial, the final mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency of fish fed the EEP was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CEP and MP. Moisture content in the whole-body of fish fed MP was significantly higher than those of fish fed other diets. However, the highest crude protein in the whole-body was found in fish groups fed the EEP. Significantly higher contents of 24:n-9, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3 and lower 8:n-7 was observed in fish fed the EEP compared with fish fed the MP. The amino acid contents in the whole-body showed significant differences in the composition depending on the feed, but the distribution of free amino acids showed similar patterns. Among amino acids, glutamic acid showed the highest content in all the experimental groups, and the threonine, cysteine, and lysine contents were significantly higher in the groups fed with EEP and CEP than in the group fed with MP. Digestibility of nutrients of the EEP was significantly higher than that of fish fed the CEP. This suggests that extruded pellets can be used to feed olive flounder without compromising growth and flesh quality in comparison to raw-fish-based moist pellets. Formulation of the EEP could be used as a practical feed for olive flounder. Key words: Extruded pellet, Moist pellet, Olive flounder, Growth, Flesh quality, Digestibility 서론,,,. (NRC, 20)., (starch).,,,.,,,., ( ), http://dx.doi.org/0.5657/kfas.204.088 Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(6) 88-823, December 204 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 0 November204; Revised December 204; Accepted 29 December 204 *Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 54. 230. 363 Fax: +82. 54. 232. 3697 E-mail address: sungsamkim@korea.kr Copyright 204 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 88 pissn:0374-8, eissn:2287-885
타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 89.,, ph. (extruding) (steaming). (Lee et al., 203). (Yoon, 20). (Manihot esculenta Crantz),,,. amylose amylopectin (Chee, 986),. (Kim et al., 2007; Mishra and Rai 2006)., (Song and Park 2000; Ahn, 2005). (commercial extruded pellet, CEP). (Experimental extruded pellet, EEP) (CEP) (moist pellet, MP),,. 실험사료 재료및방법 (Experimental extruded pellet, EEP), (commercial extruded pellet, CEP) (moist pellet, MP) Table.,,,,,,,., C,,,. (EEP) (Bühler, Swiss), 3-5 mm., (MP), 9:. Table. Formulation and proximate compositions of the experimental diets Ingredients 실험어및사육관리 EEP 2 CEP 3 MP 4 Fish meal (Anchovy meal, Peru) 5 74.0 67.0 Dehulled soybean meal 5 2.0 2.0 Soy protein concentrates 5.0.0 Wheat gluten meal 5.0.0 Corn gluten meal 5.0.0 Krill meal 5.0.0 Squid meal 5.0.0 Tapioca starch 6.0 - Wheat flour 5-9.0 Fish oil 5.0 4.0 Vitamin and mineral premix. 7 0.3 0.3 Vitamin C (Stay-C) 0. 0. Lechithin.0.0 MCP (monocalcium phosphate) 0.5 0.5 Choline chloride 0.2 0.2 Taurine 0.3 0.3 Methionine 0.3 0.3 β-glucan 0.3 0.3 Raw-fish 90 Powder feed 0 Proximate composition(%, DM) Moisture 6.2 7.8 72. Crude protein 55.9 52. 56.8 Crude lipid 2.4 0.5 3.8 Ash 2. 0.6.9 Fiber.7 2. - Feed stuffs not mentioned here are the same feed stuffs as the domestic aquaculture feed companies are using currently. 2 EEP = Experimental extruded pellet, 3 CEP=Commercial extruded pellet pellet, 4 MP = Moist pellet. 5 Provided by Suhyup Feed Co., Kyong- Nam, Korea. 6 Provided by Daebong Live Feed Co., Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Korea. 7 Vitamin and mineral premix (mg/kg) : KI 250, MnSO 4 H 2 O 2800, ZnSO 4 H 2 O 2350, vitamin K 225, biotin (2%) 3500, niacin 4850, calcium pantothenate 000, folic acid 2000, vitamin B 500, vitamin B 2 2000, vitamin B 6 2000 and vitamin C 50000.,. ( : 8.8 3.5 g) 6 2 2 m
820 김강웅ㆍ이진혁ㆍ배기민ㆍ김경덕ㆍ이봉주ㆍ한현섭ㆍ이경준ㆍ김성삼 4,000. 2, 24,. 2.4 2.. 2 0.-2.5%, 5 (203 6-203 ). 샘플수집, (weight gain), (feed efficiency), (specific growth rate), (protein efficiency ratio) (survival)., 30 (MS-222, 00 mg/l) -70. 일반성분및에너지분석, AOAC (2000) (25, 3 h), (550, 2 h), (Bunchi B-324/435/24, Switzerland; Metrohm 8-79/806, Switzerland), Folch et al. (959) Soxhlet (Soxhlet heater system C-SH6, Korea). (Parr-6200, Moline, IL, USA). 지방산분석 3 g 4 chloroform : methanol (2 :, v/v) homogenizer 2, evaporator. 4% BF 3 -methanol (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) 2 ml 30 85, ether. GC HP-INNOWax capillary column (30 m 0.32 mm i.d., film thickness 0.5 m, Hewlett-Packard, USA) gas chromatography (HP6890, USA) carrier gas helieum. Injector detector (FID) 250, 270, oven 70 225 /min. methyl ester mixture (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) retention time peak. 구성아미노산분석 0.5 g 6 N-HCl 5mL 0 dry oven 24. Glass filter 55, sodium citrate buffer (ph 2.20) 25mL 0.45 m membrane filter (Biochrom 30, Biochrom Ltd., England). Cation separation column (oxidised feedstuff column, 4.6 mm 200 mm) 0.2 M sodium citrate buffer (ph 3.20, 4.25).2 M sodium citrate buffer (ph 6.45) 0.4 M sodium hydroxide solution. 0.42 ml/min, ninhydrin 0.33 ml/min, column 48-95, 35. 소화율평가 (EEP) (CEP) 0.5% (Cr 2 O 3 ) 0.5%.. ( : 570 2.8 g) 400 L 30. L/min. 20.5. (, ) 9,., (0:00 h) 0. -40. (freezer dryer). chromium oxide Divakaran et al. (2002). (550 ) 3 h. chromium oxide mono-chromate 5-0 mg glass test tube. glass test tub perchloric reagent 4 ml. Perchloric reagent 00 ml 200 ml, 70% perchloric acid 200 ml. perchloric reagent glass test tube 300 20. 50 ml 3 25 ml.
타피오카전분을이용한고효율배합사료개발 82 (Analyticjena, Germany) 350 nm. Standard standard Chromium oxide. (Cr 2 O 3 ). - =00 ( Cr 2 %/ Cr 2 %) - =00 ( Cr 2 %/ Cr 2 %) (, % /, %) 통계학적분석 (Completely randomized design), SPSS (Version 2.0) One-way ANOVA. Duncan s multiple test (P<0.05). (mean SD). arcsine. 결과및고찰 (Experimental extruded pellet, EEP) (commercial extruded pellet, CEP) (moist pellet, MP) Table 2. 98%.,, EEP CEP MP (P<0.05), CEP MP. MP EEP, CEP. EEP MP, CEP. (CEP) MP (Cho et al., 2005; Cho et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2006). EEP CEP MP., Table 2. Growth performance of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets Initial mean body weight (g/fish) Final mean body weight (g/fish) EEP 2 CEP 3 MP 4 8.6±2. 8.8±.9 82.8±.3 587.2±5.8 b 563.3±3.5 a 560.3±4.7 a Weight gain 5 69.3±9. b 589.±5.3 a 577.±6.6 a Specific growth rate 6.36±0.0 b.33±0.0 a.32±0.0 a Feed efficiency 7 95.2±2.56 b 88.8±2.84 a 84.9±3.2 a Feed intake.39±0.03 a.47±0.02 ab.53±0.02 b Survival 98.7±0.54 98.3±0.45 98.4±0.27 Condition factor 8.8±0.0 b.4±0.02 a.7±0.0 b Values are means from two replicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 EEP = Experimental extruded pellet; 3 CEP = Moist pellet. 4 MP = Commercial extruded pellet. 5 Weight gain = (final weight - initial weight) 00 / initial weight. 6 Specific growth rate = (log e final wt. log e initial wt.)/ days. 7 Feed efficiency = wet weight gain (g) 00 / dry feed intake (g). 8 Condition factor ={(fish wt. (g) /total length (cm) 3 } 00. (Table, 6). Table 3. EEP CEP MP, CEP MP. MP EEP CEP.. MP EEP, Table 3. Proximate composition of whole-body for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets Moisture Crude protein Crude lipid Ash EEP 2 7.±0.58 a 22.±0.2 b 3.2±0.05 3.6±0.2 CEP 3 7.5±0.58 a 2.6±0.27 a 3.±0.5 3.8±0.36 MP 4 72.±0.72 b 2.4±0.23 a 3.3±0.09 3.2±0.23 Values are means from three replicate groups of fish where the values in each column with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 EEP=Experimental extruded pellet. 3 CEP=Commercial extruded pellet. 4 MP = Moist pellet.
822 김강웅ㆍ이진혁ㆍ배기민ㆍ김경덕ㆍ이봉주ㆍ한현섭ㆍ이경준ㆍ김성삼 Table 4. Fatty acid composition of the whole-body for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets Fatty acid EEP 2 CEP 3 MP 4 Pooled SEM 5 4:0 2.85 2.90 3.2 0.2 6:0 5.34 5.55 6.26.08 8:0 2.38 a 2.58 ab 2.85 b 0.06 SFA 6 20.57 2.03 22.23 6:n-7 5.60 5.55 6.36.0 8:n-7 3.88 a 3.75 a 6.50 b 0.68 20:n-9 2.88 2.88 3.58 0.20 24:n-9 0.23 b 0.2 ab 0.6 a 0.03 MUFA 7 22.59 22.39 26.60 8:2n-6 6.29 6.9 5.82 0.68 8:3n-6 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.09 8:3n-3 0.88 b 0.79 a 0.89 b 0.02 20:4n-6.32.32.30 0.03 20:5n-3 8.9 b 8.2 a 8.79 b 0.05 22:4n-6 0.37 0.39 0.35 0.03 22:5n-3 3.49 3.78 3.23 0.6 22:6n-3 27.3 b 25.23 ab 22.30 a.32 PUFA 8 48.82 46.27 43.4 Values are means from two replicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 EEP=Experimental extruded pellet. 3 CEP=Commercial extruded pellet. 4 MP=Moist pellet. 5 Pooled standard error of means: SD/ n. 6 SFA=saturated fatty acid. 7 MUFA=monounsaturated fatty acid. 8 PUFA=polyunsaturated fatty acid. EEP CEP.. Table 4. EEP, CEP MP (saturated fatty acid, SFA) palmitic acid (6:0), (unsaturated fatty acid) vaccenic acid (8:n-7) docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). stearic acid (8:0) EEP CEP, vaccenic acid (8:n-7) 햠 EEP CEP. EEP CEP 3 linolenic acid (8:3n-3), EPA (20:5n-3) DHA (22:6n-3). EEP CEP 2%. Table 5. lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine. EEP CEP threonine, cysteine lysine MP, MP proline glycine EEP CEP. EEP CEP MP. Table 6 EEP CEP Table 5. Amino acid contents of the whole-body for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed the experimental diets (% to total amino acid) Amino acid Pooled EEP 2 CEP 3 MP 4 SEM 5 Aspartic acid 0.24 0.03 9.50 0.35 Threonine 4.66 b 4.62 b 4.40 a 0.06 Serine 4.27 4.39 4.32 0.02 Glutamic acid 5.39 5.9 4.85 0.65 Proline.8 a.8 a 2.60 b 0.22 Glycine 6.96 a 6.90 a 8.20 b 0.06 Alanine 6.69 6.53 6.60 0.2 Cystine 0.78 b 0.79 b 0.52 a 0.0 Valine 5.35 5.4 5.20 0.06 Methionine 2.79 2.74 2.70 0.08 Isoleucine 4.66 4.5 4.5 0.04 Leucine 7.89 7.84 7.40 0.4 Tyrosine 3.4 3.22 3.5 0.03 Phenylalanine 4.8 b 4.2 ab 3.95 a 0.02 Histidine 2.49 2.35 2.44 0.02 Lysine 9.49 b 9.37 b 8.89 a 0.06 Arginine 6.48 6.36 6.4 0.04 Values are means from four replicate groups of fish where the values in each row with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05). 2 EEP=Experimental extruded pellet. 3 CEP=Commercial extruded pellet. 4 MP=Moist pellet. 5 Pooled standard error of means: SD/ n.
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