Unit 01 동사의종류 A 자동사 / 타동사의구별자동사는문장내에서목적어없이독립적으로쓰이며타동사는목적어를필요로하는동사다. 시험에서는자동사인동사가목적어를취했거나, 목적어를동반하는타동사가혼자서쓰였을경우등을구별하는문제가출제된다. 1. 원래자동사로만 (belong, disappear, consist 등 ) 또는타동사로만 (surprise, raise, assert 등 ) 쓰이는동사가있는반면, 대부분의동사는상황에따라자동사로또는타동사로쓰이는경우가있음에주의한다. Don t count on others for help. ( 자동사, count on = rely on: ~ 에의존하다, 기대다 ) Don t count your chickens before they are hatched. ( 타동사 : ~ 을세다, 계산하다 ) It s time to leave now. I m leaving for New York tomorrow. ( 자동사 : 떠나다 ) He will leave Kimpo for London tomorrow. ( 타동사 : ~ 로부터떠나다, ~ 와작별하다 ) I will attend to your business. ( 자동사, attend+to = ~ 에주의를기울이다 ) I should attend the meeting at 9 o clock ( 타동사 : ~ 에출석하다 ) The dog turned out a mad one. ( 자동사, prove (to be): ~ 임이밝혀지다 ) The dog turned out the poor beggar. ( 타동사, expel: ~ 를내쫓다 ) The factory turned out 150 cars a day. ( 타동사, produce: ~ 를생산하다 ) Dr. King operated on the cancer patient. ( 자동사, operate +on = 수술하다 ) He operated this machinery. ( 타동사, 운전하다, 경영하다 ) They decided on adopting a new system. ( 자동사, decide +on = ~ 하기로결심하다 ) He decided to study politics and economics at Yale. ( 타동사 : ~ 를결정하다 ) The kite caught in a tree. ( 자동사, catch+in = ~ 에걸리다 ) He caught me by the neck. ( 타동사, ~ 을잡다 ) I believe in you. ( 자동사, believe +in = 인격, 존재, 가치등을믿다 ) I believe you. ( 타동사, ~ 의말, 사실등을믿다 ) He entered into business with his brother. ( 자동사, enter +into = ~ 을시작하다 ) He entered a college. ( 타동사, enter = go into: ~ 에들어가다 ) 30 How to TEPS 실전 600 문법편
2. 동사의 5가지종류 - 하나의동사가다양한종류로쓰이는대표적인경우 1형식동사 ( 완전자동사 ) : He picked up his umbrella and made for the door. (make for a place : to move towards a place) 2형식동사 ( 불완전자동사, 보어필요 ) : John will make a good father. (=become) 3형식동사 ( 완전타동사 ) : James makes about $80,000 a year. 4형식동사 ( 완전타동사, 수여동사 ) : Grandma used to make us pretty dolls. 5형식동사 ( 불완전타동사, 보어필요 ) : Everything he says makes her mad. 3. 타동사로혼동하기쉬운자동사 - 자동사는전치사를동반해야목적어를취할수있다. He graduated from Cambridge in 1999. (~ 를졸업하다 ) She complains of his dishonesty. (~ 을불평하다 ) I will wait for him to come out. (~ 를기다리다 = await) How do you account for your absence yesterday? ( ~ 을설명하다 ) He experimented more with different textures in his paintings. (~ 로실험하다 ) His bad condition interfered with his work. (~ 을방해하다 ) She finally consented to my proposal. (~ 에동의하다 = agree to) Go and apologize to her. (~ 에게사과하다 ) The bad weather only added to our difficulties. (~ 을더하다, increase) I find it very hard to sympathize with him. (~ 을동정하다 ) Many local people object to the building of the new airport. (~ 을반대하다 ) She never replied to any of my letters. (~ 에응답하다 ) I listened carefully to her dramatic story. (~ 에귀기울이다 ) I promised not to refer to the matter again. (~ 을언급하다 ) 4. 자동사로혼동하기쉬운타동사 - 필요없는전치사를사용하지않도록주의해야한다. The young man greeted me on the street. (greet to ) The book comprises fifteen chapters. (comprise of ) James asked us not to mention his failure in the test. (mention about ) Have you discussed the problem with anyone? (discuss about ) She married the rich old man. (marry with ) The girl resembles her mother very closely. (resemble with ) Please answer my letter as soon as possible. (answer to ) We will approach our destination in about an hour. (approach to ) Unit 01 31
Such behavior doesn t become a gentleman. (become to ) Someone addressed me in French in the street. (address to ) I saw him enter the building at that time. (enter into ) cf. They entered into new business. (~ 을시작하다 ) Will you join us for a game? (join with ) We ll reach New York this evening. (reach at // arrive at/in 가능 ) B 주의할사항 1. 자동사는수동태로쓰지못한다. The car belongs to him. ( is belonged ) She looked happy. ( was looked ) The rumor disappeared before facts. ( was disappeared ) 2. 동사의성질이변하면뜻도달라진다. He has become a merchant. ( 자동사, ~ 이되다 ) What will become of us if a war breaks out? ( 자동사, ~ 이일어나다 / 생기다 ) Does this coat become me? ( 타동사, ~ 에어울리다 ) He grew to be a refined gentleman. ( 자동사, 자라다 ) They grew weary. ( 자동사, become의뜻 ) They grew potatoes in this area. ( 타동사, 재배하다 ) 3. 자동사가동족목적어를취하면타동사가된다. She lived happily. = She lived a happy life. He died miserably. = He died a miserable death. She smiled a sweet smile. 32 How to TEPS 실전 600 문법편
Exercise 정답및해설 2p 1. She ll (reach, arrive) in New York at noon. 2. I was pleased to hear you (started, started from) Iraq safely. 3. The evidence can (admit, admit of) no doubt. 4. A warm welcome (awaits, waits) all our guests. 5. She s (married, married to) John. 6. She (graduated, graduated from) college in 1970. 7. I will (apologize, apologize to) Sam for the delay. 8. He (resembles, resembles with) Bruce Willis. 9. Most books (consist, consist of) several chapters. 10. He (excels, excels over) others in mathematics. 11. She (objected, objected to) my opinion. 12. The loud ringing of a bell (aroused, arose) me from the sweet sleep. 13. Your decision doesn t (become to, become) your position. 14. I don t want to (mention, mention about) my grade any more. 15. The bag on the seat (belongs, belongs to) my teacher. Unit 01 33
Practice Test 정답및해설 5p 1 A Do you know what his school career is? B Born in India, he high school and medical school in Madras. (a) attended (b) attended for (c) attended to (d) attended on 2 The doors in the subway trains automatically at each station. (a) are opened (b) open (c) are opening (d) are to open 3 David has to the serious losses. (a) answer (b) answer for (c) answer back (d) answer to 4 As you the town, you ll see the college on the right. (a) approach at (b) approach to (c) approach (d) approach in 5 (a) A : Why do you have a long face? (b) B : A mischievous guy often bothers me. (c) A : Have you discussed about the problem with your counselor teacher? (d) B : I wanted to try, but I didn t dare to. 6 (a) Humor is part of a person s character. (b) Some people have a sense of humor, others do not. (c) If a man has no sense of humor, he cannot see the funny side of things and cannot understand our jokes. (d) In this case, we think that he is lacked something very important in his life. 34 How to TEPS 실전 600 문법편
Unit 02 문장형식 5 가지 분류기준 : 목적어유무에따라자동사 / 타동사, 보어유무에따라완전동사 / 불완전동사로나눈다. 자동사 완전자동사불완전자동사 S + V S + V + C 1형식문형 2형식문형 동사 완전타동사 S + V + O 3 형식문형 타동사 완전타동사 ( 수여동사 ) S + V + IO + DO 4 형식문형 불완전타동사 S + V + O + C 5 형식문형 A 완전자동사 (S+V): 목적어나보어가필요없는동사 Honesty pays. ( = to result in some advantage or profit for somebody) Time flies like an arrow. There lived a wise king in a country. Among survivors was a British woman. The book sells well. B 불완전자동사 (S+V+ C): 보어가필요한동사 1. be 동사형의자동사 1 인상, 감각 의미 : seem, appear, look, smell, taste, feel, sound 등 He seems (to be) an honest man. Kate looks beautiful in her pink blouse. 2 지속, 유지 의미 : remain, keep, continue, lie, hold 등 He remained silent. The buildings lie in ruins. 2. become 동사형의자동사 1 변성 의미 : get, grow, come, go, turn, make, fall, run 등 His dream finally came true. He turned pale at the news. 2 판명 의미 : turn out, prove, come out 등 The plan turned out (to be) a failure. (=prove) cf. The dog turns out the beggar. (=expel, 타동사 ) The factory turns out 200 cars a week. (=produce, 타동사 ) Unit 02 35
C 완전타동사 1 (S+V+O): 목적어가필요한동사 1. 원래타동사인것 The early bird catches the worm. 2. 자동사 + 전치사로이루어진타동사구 ( 전치사 : at, for, into, on, over, about 등 ) - laugh at, look at / for/ upon / over, run over, care for/ about, wait for/on 3. 자동사 + 부사 + 전치사로이루어진타동사구 - speak ill / well of, look up to, look forward to, make up for, do away with, fall back on 4. 타동사 + 명사 + 전치사로이루어진타동사구 - take care of, pay attention to, make use of, find fault with, make fun of, take notice of 5. 타동사 + 부사로이루어진타동사구 ( 부사 : on/off, in/out, up/down/ away 등 ) - give up, put off, put on, take off, carry out, cut off, cut in : 이타동사구의목적어가대명사이면 ( 타동사 + 목적어 + 부사 ) 순서에유의해야한다. (Give it up, Put it on, Carry them out) D 완전타동사 2 수여동사 (S+V+IO+DO): 간접목적어와직접목적어가필요한동사 1. 원래어순에서 IO( 간목 ) 와 DO( 직목 ) 가서로자리를바꾸면중간에들어가는전치사에주의 : <S+V+DO+( 전치사 )+IO> to : give, bring, teach, show, sell, send, hand, pass, tell, offer, lend for : buy, make, find, get, build, order, sing, choose, call, cook of : ask, inquire, require, expect, demand, beg on : play (Don t play me a joke. = Don t play a joke on me.) 2. 특수 4형식동사들 (envy, forgive, pardon, save, spare, cost, etc.) - 수여동사가아니다. - 두개의목적어가모두직접목적어의성격이다. - 두개의목적어가서로자리를바꾸고중간에전치사를넣을수없다. 36 How to TEPS 실전 600 문법편
I envy you your good fortune. Forgive me my sin! This system will save us a lot of trouble. ( 금전, 노고, 곤란등을덜다 ) He wanted to spare his mother any anxiety. ( 걱정, 수고등을끼치지않다 ) It costs me ten dollars. 3. 4형식동사로혼동하기쉬운 3형식동사들 1 S+V+O+to N : introduce, explain, describe, suggest, propose, etc. She introduced her father to me.(she introduced me her father. ) 2 S+V+O+of N: remind, inform, warn, convince, etc.(of는관계, 관련 ) You remind me of your father.(you remind me your father. ) 3 S+V+O+with N furnish, provide, supply, endow, etc.(of는박탈, 제거 ) He presented me with a gift.(he presented me a gift. ) 4 S+V+O+of N: rob, deprive, cure, rid, etc. The insufficient nutrition robbed the poor boy of his sight. (The insufficient nutrition robbed the poor boy his sight. ) E 불완전타동사 (S+V+O+C): 목적어와보어가필요한동사 <O-C> 의관계는 < 주어 - 술어 > 의관계이며, C( 보어 ) 에오는어형에따라 <O-C> 의관계가결정된다. 1 명사 ( 대명사 ) 가보어로올때 : O=C 의관계 I think him a good teacher. (He is a good teacher.) 2 형용사가보어로올때 : C 가 O 의성질, 상태를설명 I think him angry. (He is angry.) 3 부정사가보어로올때 : 단순 <S-V> 의관계 I advised him to work hard. (He works hard.) 4 현재분사가보어로올때 : 능동, 진행의관계 I saw him sleeping in the bed. (He is sleeping.) 5 타동사의과거분사가보어로올때 : 수동의관계 I heard my name called behind me. (My name was called.) 6 자동사의과거분사가보어로올때 : 완료의관계 I found him gone before I arrived. (He was gone.) Unit 02 37
기타주의해야할동사의활용 : want, hope, wish (* 표시는비문법적인문장 ) 1. want는 that 절을목적어로둘수없다. I want to go home. (V+to V) I want him to come home. (V+O+to V) * I want that he will come home. (V+that~ ) 2. hope는 (V+O+to V) 형태를사용하지못한다. I hope to see you soon. * I hope you to succeed. (V+O+to V ) I hope that you will succeed. (=I hope for your success.) 3. wish는활용이다양하나, that절이올경우에는가정법을사용한다. I wish to go abroad. I wish you to go there at once. I wish you a happy birthday. (V+O+O) I wished for peace with her whole heart. (V+Prep+N) * I wish that it will not rain. ( I wish that it would not rain.) Exercise 정답및해설 7p 1. This bag won t (do, be) for traveling abroad. 2. It seemed to Miss Carpenter that the cheese smelled somewhat (bad, badly) 3. I want you to introduce (your parents to me, me your parents). 4. If you have some difficulty, please contact (to me, me) any time. 5. My father has made (for me, me) what I am. 6. If we go this way, it will save (us two hours, two hours to us). 7. I hope (my son to, that my son will) become a doctor in the future. 8. The stolen car was found (to abandon, abandoned) at the foot of the hill. 9. Using lots of technical terms left his audience (confused, confusing). 10. Finally, the police (permitted, let) the man suspected go. 38 How to TEPS 실전 600 문법편
Practice Test 정답및해설 9p 1 A Bob wants to sell you his old computer. B I know. He has already suggested. (a) me that (b) that me (c) that to me (d) to me that 2 Do you want to leave? (a) the open windows (b) the windows opened (c) the windows opening (d) the windows open 3 My father a good teacher. (a) considers her (b) considers to her (c) considers she (d) considers her with 4 Bradpit is often referred to at the movie. (a) the best actor (b) as the best actor (c) be the best actor (d) for the best actor 5 (a) A : Are there any cautions for the AP exam? (b) B : During the exam, we are not permitted to talk, walk or drink beverage. (c) A : How about smoking? (d) B : Of course not. The test center won t allow to smoke. 6 (a) We do not hate those who injure us as long as they do not wound our selfrespect. (b) However, we can never forgive whoever lowers us in our opinion. (c) We often dislike others not for their vices but for their virtues. (d) The reason is that we naturally hate whatever makes us to despise ourselves. Unit 01 39
Unit 03 동사의기본시제 A 현재시제 (Present Tense) 1 현재의사실 : He lives in the suburbs. 2. 현재의습관 : He gets up early in the morning. ( 동작의반복 ) He teaches English in a high school. ( 직업 ) He keeps his promise. (He is a man of his word. 성격, 인격 ) 3. 불변의진리 ( 사실, 속담 ) The earth moves around the sun. Honesty is the best policy. 4. 미래의代用 1 왕래발착등의동사 + 미래부사 미래시제, 현재시제모두가능 go, come, arrive, leave, start, depart, return, begin 등 He starts (will start) for London tomorrow morning. 2 때와조건등을나타내는부사절 ( 명사절, 형용사절에서는적용하지않음 ) 미래시제대신현재시제를사용한다. I will start to work when he comes back. (when ~ 부사절 ) cf. Tell me when you will come back. (when ~ 명사절 ) The day will come soon when you will regret the follies of your youth. ( 관계부사 when이이끄는형용사절이선행사인 the day를수식함 ) 미래완료시제대신현재완료시제를사용한다. Can you lend me the book when you have finished it? B 과거시제 (Past Tense) 1 과거의동작, 상태, 습관, 사실등 : He used to get up early in the morning. 2 현재완료 ( 경험 ) 의代用 : ever, never, once 등과결합된경우 I never heard of such a thing. (=I have never heard of ~) 40 How to TEPS 실전 600 문법편
3 과거완료의代用 : after, before 등전후를명확히알수있는접속사가있는문장에서 He began to read the novel after he finished his homework. (=after he had finished ~) C 미래시제 (Future Tense) 미래시제에는현재시제, 과거시제와같은명확한시제가없으며여러가지조동사나다양한표현방식을통하여미래상황을나타낸다. 1 will : 미래에대한예측이나 speaker 의의지를나타낸다. You will be in time if you hurry. I will check this letter for you if you want. 2 may : He may leave tomorrow. = He will possibly leave tomorrow. 3 be going to + 부정사 (infinitive) : future fulfillment of the present 의미 1 future of present intention 의의미 : When are you going to get married? 2 future of present cause 의의미 : She s going to have a baby. It s going to rain. 위두가지의미의경우모두사건, 상황이 이미진행중 임을나타내며, be going to 구문은조건절의주절 에서는사용하지않는다. If you leave now, you ll regret it. (* you are going to regret it ) 4 현재진행형 : 이미확정된일정, 계획등을나타낸다. He s moving to London in a few hours. The plane is taking off at 4:30. The president is coming to the UN this week. ( 왕래발착 동사의경우에잘쓰임 ) 5 현재형 : 때나조건등의부사절에서미래시제를대신표현하며, 주절에쓰이면이미확정된불변의사실이나시간표, 달력과같은시스템을나타낸다. What will you say if I marry my boss? The first train starts at 5:00. 6 will/shall + 진행형 (be ~ing) : 당연한미래 (a future-as-a-matter-of-course ) 를나타내지만의지 (volition) 를나타내지는않는다. He ll be doing his best in order to pass the exam. Unit 03 41
7 be to + infinitive 1 예정 (arrangement) : We are to be married soon. 2 명령, 의무 (command) : You are to be back by 11 o clock. 3 조건 (contingent future) : If he is to succeed, he must work harder. 8 be about to + infinitive The taxi is here and we are about to leave. Exercise 1. Did you decide if you (go, will go) abroad? 2. Tell him I ll be back at ten when he (comes, will come). 3. My teacher often told us time (flies, flew) like an arrow. 4. They are (to be, be) back by 10 o clock. 5. It has been three years since the boy (was, has been) kidnapped. 6. I wonder how long ago this school (began, begins). 7. Please let me know your arrival as soon as you (will get, get) there. 8. She (makes, had made) more money in one day than I do in a week. 9. We will be here before it (will get, gets) dark. 10. My father said that none but the brave (deserved, deserve) the fair. 정답및해설 11p 42 How to TEPS 실전 600 문법편