THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Jul.; 28(7), 528 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.7.528 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Spectrum Policy and Technologies for Promoting Services 김영수 박덕규 송경민 Young-Soo Kim Duk-Kyu Park* Kyeong-Min Song** 요약 4,. 2016 7 110 MHz.,. Abstract Since is expected to enable hyper-connected society to be realized with the advent of the 4 th Industrial Revolution, many advanced foreign countries as well as United Kingdom identified spectrum policy as one of the first priority in spectrum management in order to cope with the frequency demands required for the promotion of service. In Korea, the frequencies of 110 MHz bandwidth has been also supplied additionaly for in July 2016 in order to activate a promising new industry based on wireless communication, which has great potential for future industrial growth. Therefore, in this paper, we propose spectrum policy and the research and innovation trends on to promote industry by analyzing the major communication network, the key challenge technologies and the spectrum policy framework of foreign countries. Key words : Technology, Research and Development, LPWAN, Spectrum Policy. 서론 IT,,,,. (), [1]. Verizon 2020 2,000, Gartner [2].,. (Department of Electronic Engineering, KyungHee University) * (Department of Information Engineering, Mokwon University) **( ) (WIBTEL) Manuscript received May 8, 2017 ; Revised June 19, 2017 ; Accepted July 4, 2017. (ID No. 20170508-04S) Corresponding Author: Duk-Kyu Park (e-mail: parkdk@mokwon.ac.kr) 528 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.
RFID(Radio Frequency Identification),,, ATM(Automated Teller Machine),,,. 1999 P&G Kevin Ashton,, 2005 (ITU).,, ITU. IERC(European Research Cloud on ), /.,,, (, ),,,,.,,,, IERC /,,., 4, /,,,.,.,.,, LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network),, 800 MHz,.. 주요요소기술및무선통신표준 2-1 구성기술요소 2014,,,,, (,, ),, (,,, ) [3]. 1,,, [4]. /,,,. MCU(Microprocessor Control Unit) 529
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul. 2017. 표 1. 10 [5] Table 1. The top 10 technologies [5]. 그림 1. Fig. 1. Components of system..,,,, M2M(Machine-to-Machine),., /,,,, / APIs(Application Programming Interfaces).,.,,,,,,. Gartner 10, 1 10. 2-2 무선통신네트워크기술, 2 Technology security analytics device management Low-power short-range networks LPWAN processors operating systems Event stream processing platforms standards and ecosystems Key contents - Due to HW and SW advances security is a fast-evolving area through 2021 and the skills shortage today will only accelerate. - It is expected that the companies adopting are investing in these areas. - Require new algorithms, architectures, data structres and approaches to machine learning - Significant innovation will result from the challenge of enabling technologies that are context, location, and state-aware while at the same time consistent with data and knowledge taxonomies. - Low-power short-range networks will dominate wireless connectivity through 2025, far outnumbering connections using wide-area networks. - LPWAN aim is to deliver data rates from hundreds of bits per second(bps) to tens of kilobits pet second(kbps) with nationwide coverage, a battery life of up to 10 years, an endpoint hardware cost of around $5, and support for hundreds of thousands of devices connected to a base station or its equivalent. - Low-end 8-bit microprocessors will dominate the through 2019 and shipments of 32-bit microprocessors will overtake the 8-bit devices by 2020 - A wide range of -specific operating systems with minimal and small footprint will gain momentum in through 2020 as traditional largr-scale operating systems including Windows and ios are too complex and resource-intensive for the majority of applications. - Systems creating tens of thousands of events per second are common, and millions of events per second can occur in some telecom and telemetry situatiions. - They typically use parallel architectures to process very high-rate data streams to perform tasks such as real-time analytics and pattern recogniotion. - Low-level device control and operations - data acquisition, transformation and management - application development, including event-driven logic, application programming, visualization, analytics and adapters to connect to enterprise systems. - Standards and their associated APIs will be essential because devices will need to interoperate and communicate. 530
표 2. Bluetooth Bluetooth LE Table 2. Comparison between Bluetooth and Bluetooth LE. 그림 2. [6] Fig. 2. Typical network architecture of [6]..,. 2-2-1 근거리 통신 Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, SUN(Smart Utility Network) IEEE 802.11 WLAN,. Bluetooth 1:1, IEEE 802.15.1, Bluetooth 2.0 Special Interest Group (SIG). Bluetooth(v2.1) Bluetooth LE(v4.0), 2013 12 Bluetooth 4.1, 2014 Bluetooth v4.2. ISM 2.400 2.483 MHz, 1 MHz 79, v4.0 2 MHz 40. 2 Bluetooth LE. ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4, 2.4 GHz 250 kbps. ZigBee Zig- Bee Bluetooth Bluetooth LE Max. distance/range 100 m > 100 m Over the air data rate 1 3 Mbps 1 Mbps Application throughput 0.7 2.1 Mbps 0.27 Mbps Latency 100 ms 6 ms Total time to send data 100 ms < 3 ms Voice capable Yes No Power consumption 30 ma 15 ma Max output power 20 dbm 10 dbm. PSK,. Z-wave, (Mesh) ( 4 ). 900 MHz 100 kbps Wi-Fi. Zigbee. LGU+ 2013 12. SUN,,. ISM 917 923.5 MHz( ), 4.8 200 kbps, 1 km IEEE 802.15.4g(802.15.4 ). WLAN AP(Access Point). 3 IEEE 802.11 WLAN. 2-2-2 장거리 통신,, 531
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul. 2017., 표 3. WLAN Table 3. Technical comparisoon of WLAN. Frequency band Channel bandwidth Maximum data rate Key technology 802.11b 2.4 GHz 5 MHz 11 Mbps DS 802.11a 5 GHz 20 MHz 54 Mbps OFDM 802.11n 2.4/5 GHz 20/40 MHz 600 Mbps 802.11ac 5 GHz only 20/40/80/160/ 80+80 MHz 6.9 Gbps 802.11ad 60 GHz 2.16 GHz 6.7 Gbps 802.11af 802.11ah TV white space (54 72, 76 88, 174 216, 470 698 MHz) TV white space (902 928 MHz) 6/12/24/6+6/ 12+12 MHz 1/2/4/8/16 MHz 384 Mbps 346.6 Mbps OFDM, MIMO MU- MIMO Directional antenna 3GPP NB-(NarrowBand-),,,, LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network) Weightless, LoRa, SigFox 1 GHz IEEE 802.11ah. 4 LPWAN(Low Power Wide Area Network). 5 3 GPP, 2016 6 NB-. NB-(Narrowband ) LTE LTE, 200 kbps. 2-2-3 기기간통신 Wi-Fi Direct LTE Direct. Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct Wi-Fi.,, Wi-Fi Direct P2P(Point-to-Point) 표 4. LPWAN [7] Table 4. Comparison of LPWAN [7]. Name of standard Weightless-P IEEE 802.11ah (LP WiFi) SigFox LoRa Network architecture Star Star, Tree Star Star Frequency band Under 1 GHz ISM Band Under 1 GHz unlicensed band except TVWS 868/902 MHz ISM 433/868/780/915 MHz ISM Modulation type GMSK(UNB)/no Chirp FM + spread spectrum Channel bandwidth 12.5 khz 1/2/4/8/16 MHz UNB(ultra narrowband) EU: 8 125 khz, US: 64 125 khz DL/UL data rate End node transmit power 200 100 kbps 150 kbps 346.666 Mbps 100 bps 140 messages/day EU: 300 bps 50 kbps US: 900 bps 100 kbps 17 dbm 1 mw 1 W 10 uw 100 mw EU: <+14 dbm, US: <+27 dbm Adaptive rate Yes Yes No Yes Range 2 km(urban) Up to 1 km(outdoor) 3 10 km(urban) 2 5 km(urban), 15 km(rural) Node roaming Yes Yes Yes Yes Governing body Weightless SIG IEEE 802.11 WG SigFox LoRa Alliance 532
표 5. 3GPP Table 5. Comparison of 3GPP communication network. DL/UL maximum data rate Rel 8 Rel 12 Rel 13('16.3) Rel 13('16.6) CAT-1 CAT-0 CAT-M NB- 10 Mbps/ 5 Mbps 1 Mbps/ 1 Mbps 1 Mbps/ 1 Mbps 200 kbps/ 200 kbps MIMO 2 2 No No No DL/UL duplex Bandwidth (MHz) UE maximum transmit power(dbm) Subcarrier spacing(khz) LTE compatibility Frequency band Full FDD 20 Half FDD 20/100 RB Half FDD 1.4 (6RB) Half FDD 0.2 23 23 23 23 15 15 15 DL 15 UL 3.5,15 Yes Yes Yes No LTE inband LTE inband LTE inband LTE inband or guardband Chipset Cost 100 % 90 100 % 25 % 10 15 % Coverage gain 0 db 0 db. Above 15 db Above 20 db LTE Direct, 500 m 1 km LTE.,. / /, (,, ), / /,,,,,,,,,,, LPWAN. 3-2 연구개발방향,, -.,,, [7].., Software-Defined-Network(SDN),, /.,,,,.,,. 3. 통신네트워크및기술개발방향 3-1 통신기술발전방향. LTE-A. 그림 3. Fig. 3. Future challenge for research and development. 533
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul. 2017. R&D,,,.. 외국의 스펙트럼정책 4-1 영국 2014 7 23 Ofcom, 2015 1 27,. [6]. 4-1-1 스펙트럼수요에미치는요소와주파수분배 PC, Ofcom. 4 4.,. i), ii) QoS, iii). Ofcom 5. VHF, 55.75625 60 MHz, 62.75625 64.8 MHz, 64.8875 66.2 MHz 7.6 MHz. 6 VHF.., Wi-Fi 그림 4. 4 [6] Fig. 4. Four priority themes in Ofcom spectrum management policy [6]. 그림 5. [6] Fig. 5. Framework for considering spectrum requirements for the [6]. 534
그림 6. VHF [6] Fig. 6. VHF wireless link for service [6].., Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11ah..,.,. 870 MHz,..,,. 4-1-2 Ofcom 주파수정책 Ofcom. kbytes Ofcom,.,, Ofcom. 870 876 MHz 915 921 MHz, 870 873 MHz High duty cycle network light license. Ofcom 4G 800 MHz 3G 4G 2 GHz. Ofcom. i) 700 MHz ii) 1 GHz iii) 870 915 MHz 1 GHz. 700 MHz 1 GHz.. 4-2 미국. FCC PAN/LAN,. / 535
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul. 2017.. [8]. FSS(Fixed Satellite Service) S, C, Ku. 4-3 일본. 2020,., 2016 7 2020 [9].. /Bigdata,,,,, AI,,,,, 2015 10,,.. 2016 2020, 5 (5G) ITS( ). 2016 7 Cloud ICT 5G, 9 3, 9, 2020 5G. 4G, 5G,,. 7 9 5G. 9, 5G., 9 5G 5G,, Ultra-broadband, Wireless, ITS 3. LTE( 4 ) 100 (10 Gbps), LTE 1 (1 km 2 100 ), 1 ms. 8, 3 3., 그림 7. [9] Fig. 7. Project for next-generation mobile service implementaion [9]. 536
그림 8. 9 [9] Fig. 8. Nine promotion models [9]. Vendor,,. 5G, ICT. 3GPP SigFox, LoRa NB- emtc(enhanced Machine Type Communication)., NB- emtc [10].. 국내 주파수정책제안 PC.. 917 923.5 MHz, 2.4 GHz ISM 5 GHz 680 MHz.,, ( : ) V/UHF. V/UHF 800 MHz, 800 MHz 700 MHz 700 MHz (2 5 MHz ), 2017 700 MHz, 2018. KTP 2017 2 5 MHz 2 3 MHz, MVNO 2019 6 2 2 MHz. 2019 800 MHz 2 10 MHz.. - V/UHF, 800 MHz. - 800 MHz ( ), HDC(High Duty Cycle) Light Licensing. 9 800 MHz. - 1 GHz. - LPWAN 1 GHz Light Licensing ( :, Duty Cycle). - ( : ISM, TVWS, ). 그림 9. 800 MHz Fig. 9. Proposed 800 MHz band plan for service. 537
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul. 2017. - Wi-Fi, Bluetooth ZigBee,,. -,,. -.. 결론,,, LPWAN.,. 800 MHz, Light Licensing. LPWAN 1 GHz Light Licensing TVWS. References [1], ", ", IT & Future Strategy, 2013 11. [2] Gartner, "Harness innovation to generate business value share", Oct. 2016. [3] KT, " ", ICT,. 2016. [4] ETRI, " ", 2016. [5] Gartner Identies the Top 10 Technologies for 2017 and 2018, online at http://www.dash7.org [6] Ofcom, "Promoting investment and innovation in the internet of things summary of responses and next steps", Ofcom, Jan. 2015. [7] Ovidiu Vermesan and Peter Priess, Digitizing Industry the Connecting the Physical, Digital and Virtual Worlds, River Publishers, 2016. [8] FCC, "How will impact communications networks in 5, 10 years?", Technical Advisory Committee, Oct. 2014. [9] 2020,, www. soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/kenkyu/denpa2020/02kiban09_03000328.html 2016 7. [10],, http://kiai.gr.jp/jigyou/h28/pdf/ 0617p1.pdf 2016 6. 538
1981 2 : ( ) 1983 2 : ( ) 1988 12 : Arizona State University ( ) 1985 5 1986 5 : Consultant, Signal-System Technology Inc., U.S.A. 1986 6 1988 12 : Research Associate, Arizona State University 1989 2 1992 8 : ETRI 2002 1 2003 2 : Visiting Faculty, MPRG, Virginia Tech., U.S.A. 1992 9 : [ 주관심분야 ],,, 2000 2 : ( ) 1999 12 2006 6 : 2006 7 2007 1 : 2007 1 2009 2 : 2010 3 2015 12 : 2016 1 : ( ) [ 주관심분야 ],,,, CR 1984 2 : ( ) 1986 2 : ( ) 1992 4 : ( ) 1992 1995 : 1995 1999 : 2000 2001 : YRP 2006 2007 : Visiting Faculty, MPRG, Virginia Tech., U.S.A. 2002 : (IEICE) 1995 : [ 주관심분야 ],, 539