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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Korean J Clin Lab Sci. 2015, 47(4):203-208 http://dx.doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.4.203 pissn 1738-3544 eissn 2288-1662 Korean J Clin Lab Sci. Vol. 47, No. 4, Dec. 2015 203 Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Extracts on Blood Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in STZ-induced Diabetic Rats Hye-Jeong Kim 1, Dong-Il Kim 2, and Jung-Min Yon 3 1 Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungwoon University, Gumi 39160, Korea 2 Department of Health Care & Biotechnology, Kyungwoon University, Gumi 39160, Korea 3 Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea 돼지감자추출액이 Streptozotocin 으로유발된당뇨쥐에서혈당및지질대사에미치는효과 김혜정 1, 김동일 2, 연정민 3 1 경운대학교임상병리학과, 2 경운대학교보건바이오학과, 3 충북대학교동물의학연구소 This study investigated the effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) extract on Blood Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Streptozotocin (70 mg/kg B.W., i.p.)-induced Diabetic Rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats (200 220 g) were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetic control group (DC) and Jerusalem artichoke treated diabetic group (DJ). Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight. Food (p<0.001) and water (p<0.05) intakes were higher in diabetic groups than the normal group. Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in diabetic groups than normal group (p<0.01). However, they were higher in the DJ group than in the DC group. The serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly lower in the DJ group than in the DC group (p<0.05). The serum level of HDL-C was significantly higher in the DJ group than in the DC group (p<0.001). The serum levels of Triglyceride (p<0.05), LDL-C (p<0.001), and glucose (p<0.001) were significantly lower in the DJ group than in the DC group. At 3 and 4 weeks after the experiment, blood glucose level in the DJ group was significantly lower than the DC group (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that Jerusalem artichoke can prevent or retard the development of diabetic complications via its beneficial effects for alleviating the hyperglycemia and improved lipid metabolism. Keywords: Blood glucose, Jerusalem artichoke, Lipid, Streptozotocin Corresponding author: Hye-Jeong Kim Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungwoon University, Gumi 39160, Korea Tel: 82-54-479-1283 E-mail: hjkim11@ikw.ac.kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright 2015 The Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science. All rights reserved. Received: October 22, 2015 Revised 1 st : November 21, 2015 Revised 2 nd : December 1, 2015 Accepted: December 1, 2015 서론질병관리본부와보건복지부에서우리나라 30세이상성인을대상으로시행한 2010년국민건강영양조사자료에의하면성인 10 명중 1명이당뇨병환자 ( 당뇨병유병률 10.1%, 남성 11.3%, 여성 9.0%) 이며성인 10명중 3명이당뇨병환자및잠재적당뇨병으로발표하였다. 대한당뇨병학회에서는 2050년도에는당뇨병환자수가약 600만명으로추정하고있다고발표하였다 (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2010; KDA 와 KCDC, 2012). 당뇨병은급성감염성질환에서만성퇴행성질환으로변화하고

204 Hye-Jeong Kim, et al. Antidiabetic Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke in Diabetic Rats 있으며인슐린부족이나인슐린에대한저항성의증가로인해발병되는당뇨병의경우오래지속되어여러합병증을유발한다. 그종류로는대혈관합병증인동맥경화, 고혈압, 심근경색등과미세혈관합병증인신증, 신경변증, 망막증등이있다 (West 등, 1983). 대혈관합병증의주요원인은혈당농도의상승과함께지질대사의비정상성을들수있으며, 우리나라당뇨병환자의 3/4이비만이거나과체중으로혈중중성지방의증가, 고밀도지단백-콜레스테롤 (high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) 의감소, 저밀도지단백-콜레스테롤 (low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) 롤의증가등의지질대사이상을들수있다 (Treayway 등, 2001; KDA와 KCDC, 2012). 돼지감자 (Helianthus tuberosus L.) 는국화과해바라기속다년생식물로서주성분은 inulin이며, 돼지감자건물 (dry weight) 의약 75% 를차지한다. 이는인간의위액과소화효소에의해서분해되지않고장내미생물에의하여발효되어장내환경개선및배변기능촉진에효과가있다. 열량이낮아 (1.0 1.5 kcal/g) 비만개선효과, 중성지질의감소효과, 대장암발생억제등의효과가있다고보고되고있다 (Kleessen 등, 2007; Kim 등, 2010). 돼지감자는칼로리가낮고미네랄과비타민이풍부하며, 주성분인과당 (fructose) 의중합체인이눌린 (inulin) 은소화효소에의해분해되지않는식이섬유소로 (Bach 등, 2012), 이러한특성때문에혈당량을급격하게상승시키지않아당뇨병환자의식이로적합하며최근에는암을예방하는등건강증진효과도보고되고있다 (Baltacioglu과 Esin, 2012). 현대과학의큰발전에도불구하고당뇨병의발병률은증가하고있으며그예방과치료에대한관심이집중되고있다. 이러한당뇨병의치료및합병증예방을위해최근에는장기간복용에도부작용이없는천연식물및천연기능성식품을이용한연구가활발히진행되고있다 (Park 등, 2015; Park과 Han, 2015). 그중식이섬유가풍부한천연식물은혈당과혈중지질을낮추어비만과당뇨환자에게주목받고있다 (Roberfroid, 1999; Kim 등, 2014). 본연구에서는식이섬유가풍부한돼지감자추출물을이용하여 Streptozotocin (STZ) 로유발된 I형당뇨모델에서혈당및혈중지질대사개선효과를살펴보고당뇨병예방기능성식품소재개발을위한기초자료가되고자한다. 재료및방법 1. 실험동물실험동물은 오리엔트바이오의 Sprague-Dawley 랫드 (200 220 g) 수컷 (Orient Bio Co., Gyeonggi, Korea) 을분양받아 1주 일적응시킨후난괴법에의해 3군 ( 정상군 NC, 당뇨대조군 DC, 당뇨돼지감자군 DJ) 으로나누어각군당 7마리씩 4주간사육하여실험하였다. 혈당은매주 14:00 15:00 시에측정하였으며, 실험추출액은 4 ml/kg body weight/day 용량으로주 6일, 4주간경구투여하였다. 사료섭취량과물은매일, 체중은주 1회측정하여식이효율을분석하였다. 식이효율 (Food efficiency ratio)=( 몸무게증가량 / 식이량 ) 100. 모든실험은충북대학교동물실험윤리위원회규정에입각하여실시하였다 (Chungbuk National University Animal Care Committee, according to NIH #86-23, 2014). 2. 당뇨유발인슐린의존성당뇨병과유사한실험동물을만들기위하여 Streptozotocin (STZ; Sigma Co., Louis, MO, USA) 을 0.4 M citrate buffer 용액에용해시켜 70 mg/kg body weight 용량 (0.5 ml/100 g body weight) 으로복강내주사하였다. 당뇨유발확인은 STZ 주사 72시간후미정맥에서채혈하여혈당량이 300 mg/dl 이상이면당뇨병이유발된것으로간주하였다. 3. 돼지감자의제조돼지감자추출액은 홍천마의돼지감자진액당 (Hongcheonma Co., Gyeongbuk, Korea) 을사용하였다. 제품의제조법은 1주일이상숙성된돼지감자를사용하여돼지감자를분쇄기분쇄기 (Daewoo Co., Gyeongggi, Korea) 로마쇄한후중탕기 (Daewoo Co., Seoul, Korea) 에넣고 70 80 o C 45시간열을가하고얻어진시료를본실험에사용하였다. 4. 혈당측정실험기간동안매주동일시간에미정맥에서혈액 ( 전혈 ) 을채취하여간이혈당계 Gluco Navi NFC (SD Biosensor Co., Suwon, Korea) 를사용하여 Glucose Dehydrogenase Biosensor 방식으로혈당을측정하였다. 5. 실험동물처치및생화학적검사실험사육 4주후랫드를 12시간동안절식시킨후 28일째날에 ether 마취하에복부대동맥에서혈액을채취하여혈청을분리한후 aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoproteinl-cholesterol (LDL-C), glucose 농도는 Cobas-C311 자동생화학분석기와관련시약 (Roche Co., San Francisco, USA) 을사용하여면역화학적방법으로측정하였다.

Korean J Clin Lab Sci. Vol. 47, No. 4, Dec. 2015 205 6. 자료분석실험결과는평균과표준편차로나타내었으며, SPSSWIN version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL. USA) 통계프로그램을이용하여 one-way ANOVA 분석후 p<0.05 수준에서 Duncan s multiple rang test에의해검정하였다. 결과 1. 물, 식이섭취량, 체중및식이효율실험식이로 4주간사육한실험동물의음수량은당뇨군이 156.38±22.16으로정상군 37.79±3.84에비해약 3배유의하게높게나타났다. 그러나식이섭취량은당뇨군이정상군에비해각 3.3% (DC), 14.4% (DJ) 증가한것으로나타났다. 체중증가는당뇨군은정상군에비해각 79.6% (DC), 59.4% (DJ) 유의하게낮은수치를보여당뇨로인한체중감소를나타내었다. 그러나당뇨돼지감자군은 45.71±48.5로당뇨대조군 23.00±34.22에비해 98.7% 높은수치를나타내었고식이효율도유사한양상을나타내었다 (Table 1). 를나타내었다. ALP는당뇨대조군에비해당뇨돼지감자군은 15.6% 감소를나타내었다 (Table 2). 3. 혈청 TG, CHOL, HDL-C, LDL-C 및 glucose 검사실험동물의혈청을이용한지방대사 TG의농도는정상군 (NC) 에비해당뇨대조군 (DC) 이 41.0% 증가하였으나당뇨대조군 (DC) 에비해당뇨돼지감자군 (DJ) 은 25.4% 유의한감소를보였다 (p<0.05). HDL-C 농도는정상군에비해당뇨대조군이 30.5% 유의하게감소하였으나당뇨대조군에비해당뇨돼지감자군은 31.8% 유의한증가를보였다 (p<0.05). LDL-C는정상군에비해당뇨대조군이 177.8% 유의하게증가하였으나당뇨대조군에비해당뇨돼지감자군은 56.6% 유의한감소를보였다 (p<0.05). 4주간사육한실험동물의혈청 glucose는정상군에비해당뇨대조군이 57.9% 유의하게증가하였으나당뇨대조군에비해당뇨돼지감자군에서 33.0% 유의한감소를나타내었다 (Table 3). 4. 혈중포도당변화실험동물혈중포도당농도변화를알아본결과, 실험시작혈중포도당농도는정상군 147.00±7.96에비하여당뇨군은 428.57±127.88 2. 간기능검사 실험동물의혈청을이용한간기능검사의 AST는정상군 (NC) 에비해당뇨대조군 (DC) 이 19.3% 유의하게증가하였으며 (p<0.05), ALT 는정상군에비해당뇨대조군이 41.0% 유의하게증가하였다 (p<0.05). 그러나당뇨대조군 (DC) 에비해당뇨돼지감자군 (DJ) 은 AST는 14.3% 유의한감소를보였으며, ALT 는 27.3% 유의한감소 Table 1. Water intake, food intake, body weight gain and fool efficiency ratio of normal and diabetic rats fed the experimental extract for 4 weeks Items NC DC Diabetic groups Water intake 37.79±3.84,a 156.38±22.16 b 147.75±20.12 b (ml/day) Food intake (g/day) 26.18±3.20 a 27.05±2.96 a,b 29.95±1.92 b Body weight 112.57±15.03 b 23.00±34.22 a 45.71±48.58 a gain (g) Food efficiency ratio* (%) 4.33±0.56 b 0.98±1.56 a 1.51±1.60 a Abbreviation: NC, Normal Control; DC, Diabetic Control; DJ, Diabetic Jerusalem artichoke. *Food efficiency ratio: body weight gain/food intake, Values are mean±sd of 7 rats. Different alphabets in each values show statistically significantly difference (p<0.05) by Duncan s multiple range test. DJ Table 2. AST, ALT and ALP levels of normal and diabetic rats fed the experimental extract for 4 weeks Items NC DC Diabetic groups AST ( /L) 166.14±10.76 a 198.17±23.46 b 169.83±11.86 a ALT ( /L) 41.14±4.49 a 58.00±15.30 b 42.17±3.60 a ALP ( /L) 256.71±41.10 307.33±62.32 259.33±69.08 Abbreviation: AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase. Different alphabets in each values show statistically significantly difference (p<0.05) by Duncan s multiple range test. Table 3. Serum TG, CHOL, HDL-C, LDL-C and glucose levels of normal and diabetic rats fed the experimental extract for 4 weeks Items NC DC DJ Diabetic groups TG (mg/dl) 32.50±10.37 a 45.83±8.54 b 34.17±7.68 a CHOL (mg/dl) 37.43±6.50 36.33±4.08 35.67±5.05 HDL-C (mg/dl) 134.29±3.35 c 93.33±3.44 a 123.00±4.69 b LDL-C (mg/dl) 50.57±2.64 a 140.50±3.27 c 61.00±2.00 b Glucose (mg/dl) 80.26±1.00 a 126.75±7.33 b 84.97±1.09 a Abbreviation: TG, triglyceride; CHOL, cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoproteinl-cholesterol. Different alphabets in each values show statistically significantly difference (p<0.05) by Duncan s multiple range test. DJ

206 Hye-Jeong Kim, et al. Antidiabetic Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke in Diabetic Rats Fig. 1. Changes in blood glucose levels of normal and diabetic rats fed the experimental extract for 4 weeks. Different alphabets in each values show statistically significantly difference (p<0.05) by Duncan s multiple range test., NC;, DC;, DJ. (DC), 444.67±138.24 (DJ) 로혈당이 3 4배유의하게높았다 (p<0.05). 당뇨군은 1주째급격히증가후 2주째당뇨대조군은 473.29±129.29로서서히감소하는현상을보였으나당뇨돼지감자군은 406.83±134.98로빠르게감소하는변화를나타내었다. 당뇨유발후 3주째는당뇨대조군 475.50±71.09에비하여당뇨돼지감자군은 327.83±98.83로 31.0% 유의하게감소하였고 (p<0.05), 4주째는당뇨대조군 438.33±61.13에비하여당뇨돼지감자군은 300.00±91.87로 31.6% 유의하게감소하는현상을보였다 (Fig. 1). 고찰 당뇨병은암및순환기계질환과함께극복되지않은 3대난치병질병중하나로지목되면서당뇨병에대한예방과치료에대한관심이집중되고있다 (Choi, 2011; Lee 등, 2013). 하지만약물치료에한계가있어장기간복용에도안정성이보장된천연추출물을이용한연구가활발히진행되고있다 (Park 등, 2015; Park과 Han, 2015). 인슐린의존성당뇨병의연구는당뇨유발약물로알려진 streptozotocin (STZ) 을투여한실험동물에서이루어지고있다 (Connelly 등, 2007). 이약물은주로췌장 Langerhans' islet의 -cell 만을선택적으로산화시켜파괴하여인슐린분비를감소시킴으로당뇨병이유발되는것으로알려져있다 (Dunn 과 McLetchie, 1943). 본연구에서는 STZ로유발된 I형당뇨모델에서식이섬유가풍부한돼지감자추출물의경구투여가혈당및혈중지질대사개선효과가있는지알아보고자하였다. 당뇨가유발된쥐는정상쥐에비하여 5 8 배의높은음수량을보고하고있으며 (Yoon 과 Son, 2009), 재흡수되지못하고소변으로배출되는포도당은체내수분을같이끌고체외로배출되기때문 에소변량이증가하며따라서체내수분의손실도많아지고음수량도증가하게된다 (Lee와 Jun, 2004). 본연구에서도음수량은당뇨군이정상군에비해약 3배현저하게높게나타났다. 그러나식이섭취량은당뇨군이정상군에비해다소증가한것으로나타났다. 췌장의 -cell이파괴되어당대사의불균형을초래한당뇨쥐는식이효율이떨어지고체중이감소하는것으로보고되고있다 (Jekal 등, 2008). 본연구에서체중은당뇨군이정상군에비해체중감소를나타내었으나당뇨돼지감자군은당뇨대조군에비해체중증가를나타내었으며식이효율도다소증가하였다. 돼지감자의투여는체중감소를방지하고식이효율을높이는효과가있음을시사한다. 혈청중 AST와 ALT 는간세포에다량존재하는효소로서간세포손상시에혈중으로유출되기때문에간세포손상의지표로이용된다 (Bursch과 Schulte-Hermann, 1986; Lee 등, 2013; Park 등, 2015). 본연구에서 AST 및 ALT 농도는당뇨대조군에비해당뇨돼지감자군에서유의한감소를나타내었다. 돼지감자추출물은 STZ 에의해증가된 AST 및 ALT 의활성을감소시켜 STZ에의한간손상의개선효과가있음을시사하나, 간세포의조직학적검사등추가적연구가필요하다하겠다. 당뇨로인하여포도당이에너지원으로이용되지못하면지방을에너지원으로이용하기위해혈중유리지방산이간에서 TG로전환되는속도가증가되면서 low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) 합성증가로이어지고 (Liao 등, 2010), LDL 분비가촉진되는과정에서콜레스테롤생합성이증가하는지질대사의이상이초래된다 (Hong 등, 2002). 돼지감자의주성분인이눌린 (Inulin) 은수용성식이섬유로써기타음식물과함께섭취시음식물이위와장을통과하는시간을지연시켜장내의영양소흡수속도를조절하며간에서지방생성효소의활성을낮춰준다. 결과적으로간의지질생성물질과 VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) 분비능력을감소시켜혈중지방성분과콜레스테롤의증가를방지한다고할수있다 (Arbeeny 등, 1998; Shin 등, 2012). 본연구에서돼지감자의경구투여는혈청 TG 및 LDL 콜레스테롤을유의하게감소시킴으로써지질대사개선에효과가있는것으로나타났다. 그러나실험물질로사용한돼지감자추출물의이뉼린의성분분석과지방대사관련의분자발현연구가계속되어야할것이다. 현재인슐린의존성당뇨병연구에의하면 STZ로유도된당뇨쥐에서 STZ 투여가췌장 Langerhans 섬의 -cell을파괴하여인슐린분비가감소되며이로인해당질대사가비정상으로되어당이용률은줄어드는반면당신생을촉진시켜고혈당이초래되는것으로보고되고있다 (Goldberg, 1981). 본연구는 STZ으로유도된당뇨쥐에서식이섬유가많은돼지감자의효능을알아보기위하여 4주간포도당농도변화를측정한결과정상군에비하여당뇨군의혈

Korean J Clin Lab Sci. Vol. 47, No. 4, Dec. 2015 207 당은 3 4 배유의하게높았으며, 당뇨유발후 3주및 4주후당뇨대조군에비하여당뇨돼지감자군은유의한감소를나타내어돼지감자의투여가혈중포도당대사를개선시키고혈당강하효과가있는것으로생각된다. 이상의실험결과를통해돼지감자는당뇨로인한체중저하를방지하고혈당을강하시키며지방대사를개선하는것으로판단된다. 요약 Streptozotocin (70 mg/kg B.W., i.p.) 으로유발된당뇨쥐에서돼지감자 (Helianthus tuberosus L.) 추출액의혈당강하및혈중지질대사개선효과를알아보고자, SD 랫드 (200 220 g) 수컷을 3군 (NC, DC, DJ) 으로나누어돼지감자추출액을 4주간경구투여하였다. 본연구결과음수량과식이량은당뇨군에서유의한증가를보였으며, 체중은유의한감소를보였다 (p<0.05). 그러나당뇨돼지감자군에서체중감소를줄이고식이효율을다소개선하는것으로나타났다. 혈청중 AST 및 ALT 농도는당뇨대조군 (DC) 에비해당뇨돼지감자군 (DJ) 은각 14.3%, 27.3% 유의한감소를보였다 (p<0.05). 혈청 HDL-C의농도는 DC군에비해 DJ군은 31.8% 유의한증가를보였다 (p<0.05). 혈청 TG, LDL-C 및 glucose 농도는 DC군에비해 DJ군에서각 25.4%, 56.6% 및 33.0% 유의한감소를나타내었다 (p<0.05). 혈중포도당농도를측정한결과당뇨유발후 3주및 4 주후 DC군에비해 DJ군은각 31.0%, 31.6% 유의하게감소를보였다 (p<0.05). 이로서돼지감자는당뇨로인한체중저하를방지하고혈당을강하시키며지방대사를개선하는것으로판단된다. Acknowledgements: None Funding: None Conflict of interest: None References 1. Arbeeny CA, Meysers DS, Bergquist KE, Gregg RE. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis decrease very-low density lipoprotein secretion in the hamster. J Lipid Res. 1992,33:843-851. 2. Bach V, Kidmose U, Bjørn GK, Edelenbos M. Effects of harvest time and variety on sensory quality and chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers. J Food Chem. 2012,133:82-89. 3. Baltacioglu C, Esin A. Chips production from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L). Food Nutr Sci. 2012,3:1321-1328. 4. Bursch W, Schulte-Hermann R. Cytoprotective effect of the prostacyclin derivative iloprost against liver cell death induced by the hepatotoxins carbon tetracholoride and brombenzen. Klin Wochenschr. 1986,7:47-50. 5. Choi PB. Effect of long-term regular exercise and drug therapy on diabetes indicators, lipid profiles, and bone mineral density in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Korean J Phys Edu. 2011,50:513-522. 6. Connelly K, Kelly D, Gilbert R. Clinically relevant models of diabetic cardiac complications. Circ Res. 2007,101(6):78-80. 7. Dunn JS, McLetchie NGB. Experimental alloxan diabetes in the rat. The Lancet. 1943,242:384-387. 8. Goldberg RB. Lipid disorders in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1981, 4:561-572. 9. Hong JH, Park MR, Rhee SJ. Effects of YK-209 mulberry leaves on HMG-CoA reductase and lipid composition of liver on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2002,31(5):826-833. 10. Jekal SJ, Lee KS, Chung OB, Lee JH. Effects of electrical stimulation on wound healing and skin mast cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Clin Lab Sci. 2008,40(2): 118-128. 11. Kim HN, Yu SY, Yoon WB, Jang SM, Jang YJ, Lee OH. Analysis of nutritional components and physicochemical properties of hot-air dried Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Powder. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2014,46:73-78. 12. Kim JL, Bae CR, Cha YS. Helianthus tuberosus extract has antidiabetes effects in HIT-T15 cells. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2010,39:31-35. 13. Kleessen B, Schwarz S, Boehm A, Fuhrmann H, Richter A, Henle T, et al. Jerusalem artichoke and chicory inulin in bakery products affect faecal microbiota of healthy volunteers. Br J Nutr. 2007,98:540-549. 14. Korean Diabetes Association, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes fact sheet in Korea 2012. Korea. 2012, p2. Korean Diabetes Association, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Korea. 15. Lee JH, Hyun SH, Park KT, Ahn TH, Kim IS. Correlation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection with diabetes mellitus indicators. Korean J Clin Lab Sci. 2013,45(1):9-15. 16. Lee JH, Jun IN. The change of tissue lipid levels and fatty acid compositions by alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2004, 33:1273-1278. 17. Liao Z, Chen X, Wu M. Antidiabetic effect of flavones from Cirsium japonicum DC in diabetic rats. Arch Pharm Res. 2010,33(3):353-362. 18. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea Health Statistics 2010: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES V-1). 2010. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea. 19. Park CJ, Han JS. Hypoglycemic effect of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2015,20(2):88-93. 20. Park SY, Pak SJ, Kang SJ, Kim NY, Kim DS, Kim MJ, et al. Effects of the C3G/D3G anthocyanins-rich black soybean testa extracts on improvement of lipid profiles in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Health. 2015,48(4):299-309. 21. Roberfroid MB. What is beneficial for health? The concept of functional food. Food Chem Toxicol. 1999,37:1039-1041. 22. Shin SH, Kwon SJ, Jo HJ, Go DH, Han JJ. Extraction and analysis of inulin from Jerusalem Artichoke. Food science and industry.

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