Cancer site (ICD-10 code) Oral cav pharynx (C10) Oesophagus (C15) Stomach (C16) Colon (C18) Rectum (C19-20) Liver (C22) Gallbladder (C23) Pancreas (C25) Sinonasal (C30-31) Larynx (C32) Lung (C34) Melanoma (C43) Skin (C44) Mesothelioma (C45) Breast (C50) Cervix uteri (C53) Endometrium (C54) Ovary (C56) Kidney (C64) Bladder (C67) CNS (C71) Thyroid (C73) HL (C81) NHL (C82-85,96) MM (C90) Leukaemia (C91,92-94,95) Source of evidence Tobacco Alcohol Infection Obesity O O X O O O O O Physical Inactivity Diet O O O? O O? O O O O O O O O O Hormone replacement Occupation Pollutant Reproductive Radiation O O?? O O O O O X X Post menopause O O O O (asbestos) X X X O O? O? Monograph Monograph Monograph WCRF WCRF WCRF Monograph Monograph Monograph Review Monograph O : Confirmed factor Gray cell : 위험요인의관련성이없는것들 X : 위험요인이라고알려져있으나, 우리나라에서발표된내용이없는경우? : Suspicious factor O X? O
Exposure Cancer Oral cav pharynx Esophagus Stomach Gender Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Tobacco Alcohol Infection Obesity o o Choi SY Choi SY (oral cav) Jee SH Choi SY (pharynx) Jee SH o Jee SH o Parkin DM o Jee SH o o o Choi SY Jee SH Jee SH Jee SH o o Jee SH Jee SH o Choi SY Jee SH o Jee SH Physical Inactivity Diet o o Chang WK Kim DS Lee SA Shin A Lee JK Park HS Lee SA Kim HJ Zhang YW o o o o Lim HJ Chung YW Kim DH Kim J Jee SH Yun YH Ahn EJ Hormone Replacement Occupation Pollutant Reproductive & Oral Factors Contraceptives Colon Rectum Colorectal Male o o Jee SH Jee SH Ahn EJ Lee SY Lee SY Female o Jee SH o o Shin HR Meng KH Total Shin HR Han BH Liver Huh K Male o o o Jee SH Jee SH Jee SH Female o o Jee SH Jee SH
Exposure Cancer Gender Tobacco Alcohol Infection Obesity Physical Inactivity Diet Hormone Replacement & Oral Occupation Contraceptives Pollutant Reproductive Factors o Choi D chung CS Kim YI Lee TY Shin HR Donato F Total Hsing AW Lee CH CLG Parkin DM Shaib YH Yamamoto S Zhou YM El-Serag Welzel TM Male Female Total Gallbladder Male Female Total o Jee SH Pancreas Male o o Jee SH Jee SH Female o o Jee SH Jee SH Total Sinonasal Male Female Total Larynx Male o o Choi SY Choi SY Female Jee SH Jee SH o
Exposure Cancer Gender Tobacco Alcohol Infectious Agents Obesity Physical Inactivity Diet Hormone Replacement & Oral Occupation Pollutant Reproductive Factors Contraceptiv es Total o o Lung Male Choi SY Jee SH Park JY Female o Jee SH Total Melanoma Male Female Total Mesothelioma Male Female Total Male Breast o o o o o o Do MH Jee SH Do MH Do MH SNU SNU Lee SY Lee EJ Moon SH Kim J Female Cervix uterine Endometrial Ovary Kidney Female Female Female Total Male Female o o o Jee SH Na JH Shon HD Wui JH o Jee SH o Moon SW o Jee SH o o Jee SH Jee SH o o Jee SH Jee SH
Exposure Cancer Gender Tobacco Alcohol Infection Obesity Physical Inactivity Diet Hormone Replacement Occupation Pollutant Reproductive Factors & Oral Contraceptives Total Bladder Male o Jee SH o Female Jee SH Seo SH Total o Boshoff C Hodgkin lymphoma Male Female Total o Dal Maso L NHL Male Female Total Leukemia Male Female KMCC KMCC : Korean Multi-center Cohort SNU : 서울대유방암환자-대조군연구자료 Gray cell : 위험요인의관련성이없는것들 X : 위험요인이라고알려져있으나, 우리나라에서발표된결과가없는경우
표 13. Full reference list Cancer site References Note Oral cavity (Incidence) Cha IH, Park JY, Chung WY, Choi MA, Kim HJ, Park KK. Polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 Genes and susceptibility to oral cancer. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2007;48(2):233-239. E: Discordance of categories (Never vs. Light smoker, Heavy smoker) Pharynx (Incidence) Oral cav and Pharynx (Incidence) Choi SY, Kahyo H. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the aetiology of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1991;20(4):878-885. Choi SY, Hiroaki Kahyo, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. Yang M, Kang MJ, Choi Y, Kim CS, Lee SM, Park CW, Lee HS, Tae K. Associations between XPC expression, genotype, and the risk of head and neck cancer. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2005;45(4):374-379. Yang M, Kim WH, Choi Y, Lee SH, Kim KR, Lee HS, Tae K. Effects of ERCC1 expression in peripheral blood on the risk of head and neck cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2006;15(3):269-273. Choi SY, Kahyo H. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the aetiology of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1991;20(4):878-885. Choi SY, Hiroaki Kahyo, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. Yang M, Kang MJ, Choi Y, Kim CS, Lee SM, Park CW, Lee HS, Tae K. Associations between XPC expression, genotype, and the risk of head and neck cancer. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2005;45(4):374-379. Yang M, Kim WH, Choi Y, Lee SH, Kim KR, Lee HS, Tae K. Effects of ERCC1 expression in peripheral blood on the risk of head and neck cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2006;15(3):269-273. Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men : National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. E: Same population(kcch) I E: Discordance of gender and categories(male and female, Pack-year) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Pack-year) E: Same population(kcch) I E: Discordance of gender and categories(male and female, Pack-year) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Pack-year) E: Same population (NHIC) I: Provided updated data by author I: Included in the meta-analysis E: Excluded from the meta-analysis
Cancer site References Note Esophagus (Incidence) Choi SY, Hiroaki Kahyo, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. I Esophagus (Mortality) Stomach (Incidence) Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Bae JI, Song YM, Yoo JH. A hospital-based case-control study on the risk factors of stomach cancer. J Korean Acad Fam Med. 2001;22(4):539-547. Choi SY, Hiroaki K, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. Gwack J, Shin A, Kim CS, Ko KP, Kim Y, Jun JK, Bae J, Park SK, Hong YC, Kang D, Chang SH, Shin HR, Yoo KY. CagA-producing helicobacter pylori and increased risk of gastric cancer: a nested case-control study in Korea. British Journal of Cancer. 2006;95:639-641. Hong SH, Kim JW, Kim HG, Park IK, Ryoo JW, Lee CH, Sohn YK, Lee JY. Glutathione S-transferases(GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and N-acetyltransferases 2 polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer. J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(3):135-140. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Jun JK, Gwack J, Park SK, Choi YH, Kim YJ, Shin AS, Chang SH, Shin HR, Yoo KY. Fasting serum glucose level and gastric cancer risk in a nested case-control study. J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(6):493-498. Kim HJ, Chang WK, Kim MK, Lee SS, Choi BY. Dietary factors and gastric cancer in Korea: a case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2002;97(4):531-535. Kim YJ, Shin AS, Gwack J, Jun JK, Park SK, Jang DH, Shin HR, Chang SH, Yoo KY. Cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk in a community-based cohort study in Korea. J Prev Med Pub Health. 2007;46(6):467-474. I: Provided updated data by author E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) I E: Discordance of gender E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) I: Provided updated data by author E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Pack-year 2 ) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female)
Cancer site References Note Stomach (Incidence) Lee JK, Park BJ, Yoo KY, Ahn YO. Dietary factors and stomach cancer: A case-control study in Korea. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1995;24(1):33-41. E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) Stomach (Mortality) Colorectal (Incidence) Lee SA, Kang D, Shim KN, Choe JW, Hong WS, Choi H. Effect of diet and helicobacter pylori infection to the risk of early gastric cancer. Journal of Epidemiology. 2003;13(3):162-168. Meng KH, Shin E, Kim HK, Song JS, Chung IS, Chung SS, Ahn WS, Han KT. Cigarette smoking and the risk of five major cancers among adult Koreans: A case-control study. J Korean Med Assoc. 1991;34(6):43-654. Ohrr HC, Jee SH, Joo JS, Lee SI. A case-control study of risk factors in stomach cancer. Korean J Epidemiol. 1994;16(2):145-154. Park JW, Song YJ, Yun HY, Kim H, Ahn YO, Kim SJ, Kim JP, Kang JW, Nan HM, Kim YD. The risk of gastric cancer in Koreans according to smoking, drinking, diet and the genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-Transferases and L-myc Protooncogene. J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(6):997-1006. Sung NY, Choi KS, Park EC, Park K, Lee SY, Lee AK, Choi IJ, Jung KW, Won YJ, Shin HR. Smoking, alcohol and gastric cancer risk in Korean men: the National Health Insurance Corporation Study. British Journal of Cancer. 2007;97:700-704. Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Lee SG, Nam CM, Yi SW, Ohrr HC. Cigarette smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in men: The Kangwha cohort study. Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(2):123-128. Choi SY, Hiroaki Kahyo, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Smoking amount 11-20cigarette/day, 21cigarette/day) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Specific population group (Age 55years) I I
Cancer site References Note Liver (Incidence) Choi SY, Hiroaki Kahyo, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. E: Typographical errors (Reported OR outside 95% CI) Liver (Mortality) Pancreas (Incidence) Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Kim DH, Park BJ, Yoo KY, Ahn YO, Lee HS, Kim CY, Lee SI, Lee MS, Ahn HS, Kim Heon, Park TS. A case-control study of primary liver cancer and liver disease history. Korean J of Preventive Medicine. 1994;27(2):217-225. Meng KH, Shin E, Kim HK, Song JS, Chung IS, Chung SS, Ahn WS, Han KT. Cigarette smoking and the risk of five major cancers among adult Koreans: A case-control study. J Korean Med Assoc. 1991;34(6):43-654. Shin HR, Lee CU, Park HJ, Seol SY, Chung JM, Choi HC, Ahn YO, Takao S. Hepatitis B and C virus, clonorchis sinensis for the risk of liver cancer: A case-control study in Busan, Korea. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1996;25(5):933-940. Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Jee SH, Ohrr H, Sull JW, Samet J.M. Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, hepatitis B, and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2004;96(24):1851-1856 Joshi S, Song YM, Kim TH, Cho SI. Socio-economic status and the risk of liver cancer mortality: A prospective study in Korean men. Public Health. 2008;122:1144-1151. Lee SG, Nam CM, Yi SW, Ohrr HC. Cigarette smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in men: The Kangwha cohort study. Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(2):123-128. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Yun JE, Jo I, Park J, Kim MT, Ryu HG, Odongua N, Kim E, Jee SH. Cigarette smoking, elevated fasting serum glucose, and risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean men. Int J cancer. 2006;119:208-212. I: Provided updated data by author E: Discordance of categories(smoking duration:years 19, 20-29years, 30years) E: Discordance of categories (Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of categories (Never vs. Moderate smoker, Heavy smoker) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (Korea Medical Insurance Corporation) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Specific population group (Age 55years) I: Provided updated data by author E: Same population (NHIC, Age 40years)
Cancer site References Note Pancreas (Incidence) Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. E: Same population (NHIC) Pancreas (Mortality) Larynx (Incidence) Larynx (Mortality) Lung (Incidence) Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Kim HJ, Jee SH, Lee HS, Lee SW, Shim KW. Fasting blood glucose level and its risk of pancreatic cancer among Koreans: A prospective study. J Korean Acad Fam Med. 2006;27:261-269. Yun JE, Jo I, Park J, Kim MT, Ryu HG, Odongua N, Kim E, Jee SH. Cigarette smoking, elevated fasting serum glucose, and risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean men. Int J cancer. 2006;119:208-212. Choi SY, Kahyo H. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the aetiology of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1991;20(4):878-885. Choi SY, Hiroaki Kahyo, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Yang M, Kang MJ, Choi Y, Kim CS, Lee SM, Park CW, Lee HS, Tae K. Associations between XPC expression, genotype, and the risk of head and neck cancer. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2005;45(4):374-379. Yang M, Kim WH, Choi Y, Lee SH, Kim KR, Lee HS, Tae K. Effects of ERCC1 expression in peripheral blood on the risk of head and neck cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2006;15(3):269-273. Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Bae JM, Lee MS, Shin MH, Kim DH, Li ZM, Ahn YO. Cigarette smoking and risk of lung cancer in Korean men: The Seoul Male Cancer Cohort Study. J Korean Med Sci. 2007;22:508-512. E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (Korea Medical Insurance Corporation) E: Same population (NHIC, Age 40years) E: Typographical errors (Reported OR outside 95% CI) I I: Provided updated data by author E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Pack-year) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Pack-year) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population
Cancer site References Note Lung (Incidence) Bae JS, Gwack Jin, Park SK, Shin HR, Chang SH, Yoo KY. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, tuberculosis and risk of lung cancer: The Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study. J Prev Med Pub Health. 2007;40(4):321-328. E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) Chae MH, Jang JS, Kang HG, Park JH, Park JM, Lee WK, Kam S, Lee EB, Son JW, Park JY. O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase gene polymorphisms and the risk of primary lung cancer. Mol Carcinog. 2006;45(4):239-249. Choi JE, Park SH, Kim KM, Lee WK, Kam S, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kang YM, Kim YC, Han SB, Jung TH, Park JY. Polymorphisms in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene and the risk of primary lung cancer- a case-control study. BioMed Central Cancer. 2007;7:199. Choi SY, Hiroaki Kahyo, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. Eom SY, Zhang YW, Kim SH, Choe KH, Lee KY, Park JD, Hong YC, Kim YD, Kang JW, Kim H. Influence of NQO1, ALDH2, and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms, smoking, and alcohol drinking on the risk of lung cancer in Koreans. Cancer Causes and Control. 2009;20:137-145. Han SG, Park KH, Sung JS, Whang YM, Kim YJ, Shin ES, Lee JW, Lee HJ, Ryu JS, Choi IK, Seo JH, Kim YH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of IGFBP-3 gene and lung cancer risk in a Korean population. Lung Cancer. 2008;62(2):152-161. Hwang JH, Kim KS, Kim YI, Kim EJ, Park KH, Cho GJ, Ju JY, Lim SC, Kim YC, Park KO, Park JT, Ahn SJ. Genetic polymorphism of epoxide hydrolase and GSTM1 in lung cancer susceptibility of Korean population. Cancer Research and Treatment. 2003;35(6):483-488. Jang JS, Choi YY, Lee WK, Choi JE, Cha SI, Kim YJ, Kim CH, Kam S, Jung TH, Park JY. Telomere length and the risk of lung cancer. Cancer Sci. 2008;99(7):1385-1389. Jang JS, Kim KM, Choi JE, Cha SI, Kim CH, Lee WK, Kam S, Jung TH, Park JY. Identification of polymorphisms in the Caspase-3 gene and their association with lung cancer risk. Mol Carcinog. 2008;47(5):383-390. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Jeon HS, Kim KM, Park SH, Lee SY, Choi JE, Lee GY, Kam Sin, Park RW, Kim IS, Kim CH, Jung TH, Park JY. Relationship between XPG codon 1104 polymorphism and risk of primary lung cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2003;24(10):1677-1681. E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) I E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Never vs. Ever) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) I: Provided updated data by author E: Discordance of gender
Cancer site References Note Lung (Incidence) Jo UH, Han SG, Seo JH, Park KH, Lee JW, Lee HJ, Ryu JS, Kim YH. The genetic polymorphisms of HER-2 and the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population. BMC Cancer. 2008;8:359-367. E: Discordance of gender Kim DS, Sung JS, Shin ES, Ryu JS, Choi IK, Park KH, Park Y, Kim EB, Park SJ, Kim YH. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in PIM-1 gene with the risk of Korean lung cancer. Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(4):190-196. Lee CH, Lee KY, Choe KH, Hong YC, Kim YD, Kang JW, Kim H. Effects of oxidative DNA damage induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and genetic polymorphism of the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene on lung cancer. J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(3):345-350. Lee CH, Lee KY, Choe KH, Hong YC, Noh SI, Eom SY, Ko YJ, Zhang YW, Yim DH, Kang JW, Kim H, Kim YD. Effect of oxidative DNA damage and genetic polymorphism of the glutayhione peroxidase 1(GPX1) and 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1(hOGG1) on lung cancer. J Prev Med Pub Health. 2006;39(2):130-134. Lee GY, Jang JS, Lee SY, Jeon HS, Kim KM, Choi JE, Park JM, Chae MH, Lee WK, Kam S, Kim IS, Lee JT, Jung TH, Park JY. XPC polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2005;115(5):807-813. Lee KM, Lee SJ, Park SK, Lee SY, Im HJ, Yoon KJ, Choi IM, Lee YJ, Kim SU, Choi H, Choi SH, Kim YW, Cho SH, Kang D. Interaction between genetic polymorohisms of CYP2E1 & NAT1 and smoking in lung cancer development. J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2001;33(1):41-48. Lee KM, Kang D, Lee SJ, Park SK, Lee KH, Choi JY, Kim SU, Choi H, Choi SH, Kim YW, Hong YC, Cho SH. Interactive effect of genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 and smoking on squamous cell lung cancer risk in Korea. Oncology Reports. 2006;2006;(16):1035-1039. Lee SJ, Jeon HS, Jang JS, Park SH, Lee GY, Lee BH, Kim CH, Kang YM, Lee WK, Kam S, Park RW, Kim IS, Cho YL, Jung TH, Park JY. DNMT3B polymorphisms and risk of primary lung cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2005;26(2):403-409. Lee SY, Lee JH, Park JH, Kim EJ, Lee SJ, Jeon HS, Sohn JW, Cha SI, Kim CH, Jung TH, Park JY. DNMT3b 39179G>T polymorphism and risk of primary lung cancer in Koreans. Korean Journal of Medicine. 2004;66(6):601-608. Meng KH, Shin E, Kim HK, Song JS, Chung IS, Chung SS, Ahn WS, Han KT. Cigarette smoking and the risk of five major cancers among adult Koreans: A case-control study. J Korean Med Assoc. 1991;34(6):43-654. E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of categories (Never vs. Ever) E: Discordance of categories (Never vs. Ever) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker)
Cancer site References Note Lung (Incidence) Nam HM, Kim H, Kang JW, Bae JW, Choe KH, Lee KH, Kim ST, Won CH, Kim YM.. A case-control study on effect of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 on risk of lung cancer. Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(2):123-129. E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) Park JH, Park JM, Kim EJ, Cha SI, Lee EB, Kim CH, Kam S, Jung TH, Park JY. Myeloperoxidase -463G>A polymorphism and risk of primary lung cancer in a Korean population. Cancer Detect Prev. 2006;30(3):257-261. Park JY, Lee SY, Jeon HS, Bae NC, Chae SC, Joo S, Kim CH, Park JH, Kam S, Kim IS, Jung TH. Polymorphism of the DNA repair gene XRCC1 and risk of primary lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11(1):23-27. Park JY, Park JM, Jang JS, Choi JE, Kim KM, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kang YM, Lee WK, Kam S, Park RW, Kim IS, Lee JT, Jung TH. Caspase 9 promoter polymorphisms and risk of primary lung cancer. Hum Mol Genet. 2006;15(12):1963-1971. Park JY, Park SH, Choi JE, Lee SY, Jeon HS, Cha SI, Kim CH, Park JH, Kam S, Park RW, Kim IS, Jung TH. Polymorphisms of the DNA repair gene xeroderma pigmentosum group A and risk of primary lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11:993-997. Park KH, Lo Han SG, Whang YM, Lee HJ, Yoo YD, Lee JW, Shin SW, Kim YH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TGFB1 gene and lung cancer risk in a Korean population. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2006;169(1):39-44. Park SH, Lee GY, Jeon HS, Lee SJ, Kim KM, Jang SS, Kim CH, Lee WK, Kam S, Park RW, Kim IS, Jung TH, Park JY. -93G-->A polymorphism of hmlh1 and risk of primary lung cancer. Int J Cancer. 2004;112(4):678-682. Park SK, Cho LY, Yang JJ, Park B, Chang SH, Lee KS, Kim H, Yoo KY, Lee CT; The Scientific Committee, Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. Lung cancer risk and cigarette smoking, lung tuberculosis according to histologic type and gender in a population based case-control study. Lung Cancer. 2009;Epub ahead of print Son JW, Kang HK, Chae MH, Choi JE, Park JM, Lee WK, Kim CH, Kim DS, Kam S, Kang YM, Park JY. Polymorphisms in the caspase-8 gene and the risk of lung cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2006;169(2):121-127. Sung JH, Cho SH, Kang DH, Yoo KY. Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and air pollution. 1997 Yang M, Choi Y, Hwangbo B, Lee JS. Combined effects of genetic polymorphisms in six selected genes on lung cancer susceptibility. Lung Cancer. 2007;57(2):135-142. E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) I E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Pack-year) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female) E: Discordance of gender (Male and female)
Cancer site References Note Lung (Incidence) Yoon KA, Park S, Lee SH, Kim JH, Lee JS. Comparison of circulating plasma DNA levels between lung cancer patients and healthy controls. Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 2009;11(3):182-185. E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) Lung (Mortality) Cervix (Incidence) Yoon KA, Hwangbo B, Kim IJ, Park S, Kim HS, Kee HJ, Lee JE, Jang YK, Park JG, Lee JS. Novel polymorphisms in the SUV39H2 histone methyltransferase and the risk of lung cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27(11):2217-2222. Yoon KA, Park S, Hwangbo B, Shin HD, Cheong HS, Shin HR, Lee JS. Genetic polymorphisms in the Rb-binding zinc finger gene RIZ and the risk of lung cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2007;28(9):1971-1974. Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Kim IS, Jee SH, Ohrr H, Yi SW. Effects of smoking on the mortality of lung cancer in Korean men. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2001;42(2):155-160. Lee SG, Nam CM, Yi SW, Ohrr HC. Cigarette smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in men: The Kangwha cohort study. Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(2):123-128. Choi SY, Hiroaki Kahyo, Shim YS. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking on risk of cancers. Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;14(1):35-53. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Koo HW, Yoo KY, Kim DH, Song YS, Park NH, Kang SB, Lee HP, Ahn YO, Lee CU. A case-control study on risk factors of uterine cervix cancer in Korea. J Prev Med Pub Health. 1996;29(2):159-172. Lee HP, Song YS, Park CS, Park NH, Kang SB, Kim DH, Yoo KY, Park SH. Human papillomavirus infection and the risk for cervical cancer in Korea. Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gymecology. 1994;37(9):1808-1820. Lee SA, Kang D, Seo SS, Jeong JK, Yoo KY, Jeon YT, Kim JW, Park NH, Kang SB, Lee HP, Song YS. Multiple HPV infection in cervical cancer screened by HPV DNA Chip. Cancer Lett. 2003;198(2):187-192. E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Never vs. Ever) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Never vs. Ever, Current, Former) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (Korea Medical Insurance Corporation) E: Specific population group (Age 55years) I I: Provided updated data by author E: Discordance of categories E: Discordance of categories (Never vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of categories (Never vs. Ever)
Cancer site References Note Cervix (Incidence) Meng KH, Shin E, Kim HK, Song JS, Chung IS, Chung SS, Ahn WS, Han KT. Cigarette smoking and the risk of five major cancers among adult Koreans: A case-control study. J Korean Med Assoc. 1991;34(6):43-654. E: Discordance of categories (Non-smoker vs. Smoker) Cervix (Mortality) Kidney (Incidence) Kidney (Mortality) Bladder (Incidence) Moon SW, Choi SY, Lee TY, Chung YC. Studies on risk factors in cancers of the breast, uterine cervix and ovary. Korean J Epidemiol. 1997;19(2):161-179. Odongua N, Chae YM, Kim MR, Yun JE, Jee SH. Associations between smoking, screening, and death caused by cervical cancer in Korean women. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2007;48(2):192-200. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Odongua N, Chae YM, Kim MR, Yun JE, Jee SH. Associations between smoking, screening, and death caused by cervical cancer in Korean women. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2007;48(2):192-200. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Choi JY, Lee KM, Cho SH, Kim SW, Choi HY, Lee SY, Im HJ, Yoon KJ, Choi H, Choi I, Hirvonen A, Hayes RB, Kang D. CYP2E1 and NQO1 genotypes, smoking and bladder cancer. Pharmacogenetics. 2003;13(6):349-355. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Jeong HJ, Kim HJ, Seo IY, Kim HJ, Oh GJ, Chae SC, Lim JS, Chung HT, Kim JJ. Association between glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms and increased risk for bladder cancer in Korean smokers. Cancer Lett. 2003;202(2):193-199. Kim H, Kim WJ, Lee HL, Lee MS, Kim CH, Kim Rosa, Nam HM. A case-control study on the effect of the genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2 and glutathione S-transferase mu and theta on the risk of bladder cancer. 1998 E: Discordance of categories (Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) I: Provided updated data by author E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Discordance of categories (Pack-year) I: Provided updated data by author E: Discordance of categories (Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of categories
Cancer site References Note Bladder (Incidence) Kim WJ, Lee HL, Lee SC, Kim YT, Kim H. Polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2, glutathione S-transferase mu and theta genes as risk factors of bladder cancer in relation to asthma and tuberculosis. J Urol. 2000;164(1):209-213. E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) Bladder (Mortality) Kim WJ, Kim H, Kim CH, Lee MS, Oh BR, Lee HM, Katoh T. GSTT1-null genotype is a protective factor against bladder cancer. Urology. 2002;60(5):913-918. Lee SJ, Kang D, Cho SH, Kim SU, Park MS, Choi HY, Choi W. Association of genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 and bladder cancer. J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(3):548-555. Lee SW, Jang IJ, Shin SG, Lee KH, Yim DS, Kim SW, Oh SJ, Lee SH. CYP1A2 activity as a risk factor for bladder cancer. J Korean Med Sci. 1994;9(6):482-489. Seo HS, Lee NK, Jee SH. The effect of cigarette smoking on bladder cancer in Korean: A prospective cohort study. The Korean Journal of Urology. 2005;46(3):234-240. Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev. 2005;29(1):15-24. Jee SH, Samet J.M, Ohrr HC, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(4):341-348. Seo HS, Lee NK, Jee SH. The effect of cigarette smoking on bladder cancer in Korean: A prospective cohort study. The Korean Journal of Urology. 2005;46(3):234-240. E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of categories (Non-smoker vs. Smoker) E: Discordance of gender and categories (Male and female, Non-smoker vs. Smoker) I E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (NHIC) E: Same population (KMIC's dependents)
Author (year) Choi SY et al. (1992) Jee SH et al. (2004) Study period Type and source 1986-1990 Hospital-based (Korea Cancer Center Hospital) 1993-2001 National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) Definition Study Cases: newly diagnosed histologically cases Controls: cancer-free patients at the same hospital Cohort 758,193 men Cohort 758,193 men Cohort 758,193 men Cohort 830,139 men subjects Cancer site Oral cavity & Pharynx No. of cases Category of smoking No. of controls 113 339 Never Former Current Esophagus 139 417 Never Former Current Stomach 238 714 Never Former Current Rectum 67 201 Never Former Current Larynx 94 282 Never Former Current Lung 280 840 Never Former Current Oral cavity & Pharynx 12 17 77 Esophagus 155 220 1,045 Stomach 2,184 3,046 8,850 Colon 342 509 782 Never Former Current Never Former Current Never Former Current Never Former Current
Author (year) Jee SH et al. (2004) Park JY et al. (2002) Study period Type and source 1993-2001 National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) 1997-2000 Hospital-based (Kyungpook National University Hospital) Definition Cohort 441,883 men Cohort 758,193 men Cohort 758,193 men Cohort 758,193 men Cohort 758,193 men Cohort 758,193 men Cases: diagnosed with lung cancer Controls: randomly selected from a pool of healthy volunteers Study subjects Cancer site No. of cases Liver 963 1,131 3,520 Pancreas 299 385 1,126 Larynx 58 137 722 Lung 758 1,332 6,657 Kidney 270 302 769 Bladder 275 442 1,348 No. of controls Category of smoking Never Former Current Never Former Current Never Former Current Never Former Current Never Former Current Never Former Current Lung 192 135 Never Former Current
Author (year) Choi SY et al. (1992) Study period Type and source 1986-1990 Hospital-based (Korea Cancer Center Hospital) Definition Cases: newly diagnosed histologically cases Controls: cancer-free patients at the same hospital Study subjects Cancer site Category of No. of No. of smoking cases controls Cervix 271 813 Never Former Current Jee SH et al. (2004) 1993-2001 National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) Cohort 434,145 women Cohort 434,145 women Oral cavity & Pharynx 8 0 2 Esophagus 69 4 11 Never Former Current Never Former Current Cohort 121,822 women Liver 223 1 5 Never Former Current Cohort 434,145 women Pancreas 678 27 75 Never Former Current Cohort 434,145 women Larynx 28 1 19 Never Former Current Cohort 434,145 women Lung 1,709 119 317 Never Former Current Cohort 434,145 women Cervix 2,117 42 100 Never Former Current Cohort 434,145 women Kidney 307 10 16 Never Former Current
표 14 Author (year) Jee SH et al. (2004) Study period Type and source 1993-2001 National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) Definition Cohort 434,145 women Study subjects Cancer site No. of cases Bladder 253 9 35 No. of controls Category of smoking Never Former Current Seo HS et al. (2005) 1993-2002 Korean Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC)'s dependents Cohort 263,915 women Bladder Never Former Current
Cancer site Lung (Male) Author (year) Study period Exposure to smoking at home Tse LA et al. (2009) Type and source Study subjects Definition 2004-2006 Population-based Cases: nonsmoker with newly diagnosed primary lung cancer No. of cases No. of controls (95 132 536 0.90 (0 Controls:nonsmokingcommuni tyreferents Akiba S et al. (1986) 1971-1980 Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) Cases: non-smoking men with newly diagnosed cases of primary lung cancer among cohort members 19 110 1.80 (0 Controls: non-smoking men among cohort members without lung cancer Exposure to smoking at workplace Tse LA et al. (2009) 2004-2006 Population-based Cases: nonsmoker with newly diagnosed primary lung cancer 132 536 1.15 (0 Controls:nonsmokingcommuni tyreferents
표 17. Cancer site Lung (Female) Author (year) Study period Exposure to smoking at home Jee SH et al. (1999) Type and source 1992-1997 Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) Study subjects Definition Cohort 157,436 non-smoking wives No. of cases No. of controls (95 79 1.63 (1 Kurahashi N et al. (2008) 1990-1993 Japan Health Center-based Prospective study (JPHC Study) Prospective cohort 28,414 non-smoking 109 1.24 (0 Wen W et al. (2006) 1997-2002 Shanghai Women s Health Study (SWHS) Prospective cohort 72,829 non-smoking women 106 1.09 (0 Nishino Y et al. (2001) 1984-1992 Population-based Prospective cohort 9,675 lifelong nonsmoking women 24 1.9 (0. Lee CH et al. (2000) 1992-1998 Hospital-based Cases: non-smoking female lung cancer patients Controls: non-smoking women at the same hospital with conditions unrelated to tobacco use 268 445 2.2 (1.
표 16. (Continued) Cancer site Lung (Female) Author (year) Study period Exposure to smoking at home Zhong L et al. (1999) Type and source 1992-1994 Population-based Shanghai Residential Registry Study subjects Definition Cases: non-smoker diagnosed with primary lung cancer Controls: non-smoker selected randomly from the Shanghai Residential Registry No. of cases No. of controls (95 504 601 1.1 (0. Rapiti E et al. (1999) Wu-Williams AH et al. (1990) 1991-1992 Hospital-based Cases: non-smoker with newly diagnosed primary lung cancers Controls: non-smoker among patients admitted to the hospital and the patient s visitors 1985-1987 Population-based Cases: non-smoker with newly diagnosed primary lung cancers in cancer registries of Harbin and Shenyang Controls: non-smoker with randomly selected from the general populations of Harbin and Shenyang 41 67 1.2 (0. 417 602 0.89 (0 Wang TJ et al. (1996) 1992-1994 Hospital-based Cases: non-smoker with newly diagnosed of primary lung cancer in 18 hospitals of Shenyang Controls: non-smoker with randomly selected from the general population located in urban areas of Shenyang 135 135 1.11 (0
표 16. (Continued) Cancer site Lung (Female) Author (year) Study period Exposure to smoking at home Lei YX et al. (1996) Type and source Study subjects Definition 1986 Population-based Cases: lung cancer deaths in non-smoker Controls: non-tumor deaths in non-smoker No. of cases No. of controls (95 75 128 1.19 (0 Liu Q et al. (1993) 1983-1984 Hospital-based Cases: newly diagnosed cases of primary lung cancer from 8 hospitals Controls: individually matched hospital controls 38 69 1.49 (0 Akiba S et al. (1986) 1971-1980 Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) Cases: non-smoker with newly diagnosed cases of primary lung cancer among cohort members 94 270 1.5 (1. Controls: non-smoker among cohort members without lung cancer Hirayama T (1984) 1965-1981 Censuspopulation-based Prospective cohort 91,540 nonsmoking wives 200 1.59 (1 Lam TH et al. (1987) 1983-1986 Hospital-based Cases: non-smoking lung cancer patients Controls: non-smoking healthy neighborhood controls matched for age 199 335 1.65 (1
표 16. (Continued) Cancer site Lung (Female) Author (year) Study period Exposure to smoking at home Liu ZY et al. (1991) Type and source Population-based Study subjects Definition Cases: newly-diagnosed lung cancer patients Controls: No. of cases No. of controls (95 110 (total) 426 (total) 0.77 (0 Fang et al. (2006) 2001-2004 Hospital-based Cases: no-smoking female patients with the primary lung cancer from hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu Controls: one hospital control and one population control 1.77 (1 Wang SY et al. (1996) 1990-1993 Hospital-based Cases: diagnosed of primary lung cancers from 5 hospitals of Sun Yat-sen Medical University, Jinan Medical College and Guangzhou Medical College Controls: non-malignant tumor patients who were hospitalized during the same time period in the same hospital 99 99 2.54 (1
표 16. (Continued) Cancer site Lung (Female) Author (year) Study period Exposure to smoking at workplace Kurahashi N et al. (2008) Type and source 1990-1993 Japan Health Center-based Prospective study (JPHC Study) Study subjects Definition Prospective cohort 28,414 non-smoking No. of cases No. of controls (95 109 1.32 (0 Wen W et al. (2006) 1997-2002 Shanghai Women s Health Study (SWHS) Prospective cohort 72,829 non-smoking women 106 1.79 (1 Lee CH et al. (2000) 1992-1998 Hospital-based Cases: non-smoking female lung cancer patients Controls: non-smoking women at the same hospital with conditions unrelated to tobacco use 268 445 1.2 (0. Zhong L et al. (1999) 1992-1994 Population-based Shanghai Residential Registry Cases: non-smoking women diagnosed with primary lung cancer Controls: non-smoking women selected randomly from the Shanghai Residential Registry 504 601 1.7 (1.
표 16. (Continued) Cancer site Lung (Female) Author (year) Study period Exposure to smoking at workplace Wu-Williams AH et al. (1990) Type and source Study subjects Definition 1985-1987 Population-based Cases: non-smoker with newly diagnosed primary lung cancers in cancer registries of Harbin and Shenyang Controls: non-smoker with randomly selected from the general populations of Harbin and Shenyang No. of cases No. of controls (95 415 602 1.10 (0 Wang TJ et al. (1996) 1992-1994 Hospital-based Cases: nonsmoker with newly diagnosed of primary lung cancer in 18 hospitals of Shenyang Controls: non-smoker with randomly selected from the general population located in urban areas of Shenyang 135 135 0.89 (0
Cancer site (ICD-10code) Former Smoker Men Women Current Smoker Former Smoker Current Smoker Oral Cavity (C00-C09) 1.03 (0.63-1.68) 2.19 (1.54-3.12) - 6.70 (1.10-39.40) Pharynx (C10-C14) 1.03 (0.63-1.68) 2.19 (1.54-3.12) - 6.70 (1.10-39.40) Esophagus (C15) 1.19 (0.96-1.48) 2.25 (1.92-2.64) 1.10 (0.40-3.10) 1.60 (0.80-3.10) Stomach (C16) 1.29 (1.20-1.40) 1.50 (1.45-1.55) 1.29 (1.20-1.40) 1.50 (1.45-1.55) Colorectal (C18-C20) 1.11 (0.97-1.26) 0.79 (0.67-0.94) 1.11 (0.97-1.26) 0.79 (0.67-0.94) Liver (C22) 1.20 (1.10-1.30) 1.40 (1.30-1.50) 0.80 (0.10-5.60) 2.50 (1.00-6.30) Pancreas (C25) 1.20 (1.00-1.40) 1.50 (1.30-1.70) 0.80 (0.50-1.10) 1.20 (0.90-1.50) Larynx (C32) 2.01 (1.49-2.73) 4.65 (3.61-6.00) 0.90 (0.10-6.80) 9.10 (4.60-17.80) Lung (C34) 1.60 (1.45-1.76) 3.73 (3.44-4.04) 1.60 (1.30-1.90) 2.30 (2.00-2.60) Cervix (C53) - - 1.07 (0.79-1.44) 1.04 (0.85-1.28) Kidney (C64) 1.10 (0.90-1.20) 1.10 (0.90-1.20) 1.10 (0.60-2.10) 1.00 (0.60-1.60) Bladder (C67) 1.50 (1.30-1.70) 2.00 (1.70-2.30) 0.92 (0.53-1.58) 1.73 (1.26-2.38) RR for men was used for women
Cancer site Men Women Lung Exposure to smoking at home 0.96 (0.62-1.48) 1.38 (1.15-1.66) Exposure to smoking at workplace 1.15 (0.74-1.77) 1.32 (0.74-1.77)
Men Women Year Never Smoker Former Smoker Current Smoker Never Smoker Former Smoker Current Smoker 1989 * 17.5 11.7 70.8 95.8 0.3 3.9 1998 16.8 15.7 67.6 90.5 2.8 6.7 2002 20.3 17.9 61.8 93.0 1.6 5.4 2005 21.3 26.4 52.3 91.3 2.9 5.8 2007 22.9 31.9 45.1 90.3 4.4 5.3 * Korea National Health Examination Survey Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Year Home Workplace Men Women Men Women 1990 * 24.8 71.1 61.0 43.1 2005 22.7 69.0 58.9 41.0 2007 8.1 20.8 48.5 25.1 Korea National Health Examination Survey Prevalence to passive smoking was estimated from extrapolating the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2005 and 2007 *
Men Women Cancer site (ICD-10 code) PAF (%) No. of cases No. of deaths No. of smokingrelated cases No. of smokingrelated deaths PAF (%) No. of cases No. of deaths No. of smokingrelated cases No. of smokingrelated deaths PA (% Oral Cavity (C00-C09) 45.83 1,002 377 459 173 18.19 456 140 83 25 37.1 Pharynx (C10-C14) 45.83 674 368 309 169 18.19 114 62 21 11 41.8 Esophagus (C15) 47.57 1,790 1,320 851 628 2.32 175 129 4 3 43.5 Stomach (C16) 27.95 17,035 6,875 4,761 1,922 2.00 8,282 3,687 165 74 19.4 Colorectum (C18-C20) 1.27 12,070 3,735 153 47 0.03 8,101 2,867 3 1 0.7 Liver (C22) 23.47 10,738 8,377 2,520 1,966 5.53 3,539 2,751 196 152 19.0 Pancreas (C25) 27.40 2,109 1,916 578 525 0.77 1,601 1,652 12 13 15.9 Larynx (C32) 72.99 984 441 718 322 24.01 56 49 13 12 70.2 Lung (C34) 66.70 12,166 10,536 8,115 7,028 4.99 4,505 3,728 225 186 50.0 among non-smokers 6.16 44 38 25.99 1,066 882 23.0 Cervix (C53) - - - - - 0.18 3,575 987 6 2 0.1 Kidney (C64) 7.62 1,935 469 147 36 0.03 839 234 0 0 5.3 Bladder (C67) 43.39 2,415 700 1,048 304 2.77 592 248 16 7 35.3 Total 82,121 42,521 19,703 13,158 73,650 24,591 1,810 1,368 % of all cancers 23.99 30.94 2.46 5.56
Male Cancer site PAF (%) 95% UI Incidence Mortality No. 95% UI No. 95% UI PAF (%) 95% UI Oral cavity 45.83 34.26-61.42 459 343-615 173 129-232 18.19 12.71-26.23 Pharynx 45.83 34.26-61.42 309 231-414 169 126-226 18.19 12.71-26.23 Esophagus 47.57 41.71-54.27 852 747-971 628 551-716 2.32 2.26-2.37 Stomach 27.95 27.21-28.71 4,761 4,636-4,890 1,922 1,871-1,974 2.00 1.99-2.00 Colorectal 1.27 1.24-1.30 153 150-157 47 46-49 0.03 0.03-0.03 Liver 23.47 22.26-24.74 2,520 2,390-2,657 1,966 1,864-2,073 5.53 5.16-5.93 Pancreas 27.40 24.77-30.32 578 522-640 525 475-581 0.77 0.77-0.78 Larynx 72.99 58.35-91.37 718 574-899 322 257-403 24.01 20.07-28.76 Lung 66.70 62.09-71.66 8,115 7,553-8,719 7,028 6,541-7,551 4.99 4.93-5.05 among non-smokers 6.16 44 38-52 38 32-45 25.99 Cervix - - - - - - 0.18 0.17-0.18 Kidney 7.62 6.96-8.35 147 135-162 36 33-39 0.03 0.01-0.05 Bladder 43.39 38.51-48.91 1,048 930-1,181 304 270-342 2.77 2.73-2.81 Total 19,703 18,249-21,357 13,158 12,195-14,231 % of all cancers 23.99 22.22-26.01 30.94 28.68-33.47
Cancer Men Women Korea Germany France * China Korea Germany France * China Lung 67 91 83 75 5.0 70 70 18 Pancreas 27 29 25 35 0.8 25 17 4.6 Larynx 73 n/a 76 25 24 n/a 65 2.8 Stomach 28 n/a 31 31 2.0 n/a 14 3.8 Esophagus 48 n/a 51 18 2.3 n/a 34 1.9 Bladder 43 47 53 37 2.8 28 39 3.6 Cervix - - - - 0.2 24 23 4.5 Total 31 34 33 33 5.6 25 9.6 5 John and Hanke, 2002. * IARC working group report, 2007. Wang JB et al, 2010.
달평균음주량 달평균음주횟수하루평균음주량 Total (N) ~2 Cup 1/2 Bottle 1 Bottle 2 Bottle 3 Bottle+ Men (%) 100 (4,262) 26.30 31.14 32.44 8.24 1.89 Women (%) 100 (3,107) 77.67 16.53 5.07 0.36 0.39 Total (N) Non drink 1~5 day 6~10 day 11~15 day 16~20 day 21~31 day Mean Men (%) Women (%) 100 (4,262) 100 (3,107) 2.70 38.89 23.34 10.25 11.40 13.42 10.76 14.19 66.95 10.43 2.93 3.12 2.38 4.22
Cancer site Reference Note Oral cavity Choi SY, Kahyo H Effect of cigarette smonking and alcogol consumption in the aetiology of cancer of the Oral cavity, Pharynx and Larynx. Int. J. Epidemiol 1991;20(4):878-85. E Discordance of categories Oesophagus Colon Choi SY, Kahyo H, Shin YS. Effect of Cigarette Smoking and alcohol Drinking on Risk of Cancer. Korean J. Epidemiol. 1992;14(1):35-53. Jee SH, Ohrr HC, Sull JW, Samet M. J. Ciggarette Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Hepatits B, and Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1851-1855 Choi SY, Kahyo H, Shin YS. Effect of Cigarette Smoking and alcohol Drinking on Risk of Cancer. Korean J. Epidemiol. 1992;14(1):35-53. Jee SH, Ohrr HC, Sull JW, Samet M. J. Ciggarette Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Hepatits B, and Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1851-1855 Choi SY, Kahyo H, Shin YS. Effect of Cigarette Smoking and alcohol Drinking on Risk of Cancer. Korean J Epidemiol. 1992;14(1):35-53. Lee AK, Lee SY, Park SI, Yoon TH, Jeong BG. Developing the predictive model for the group at high risk for colon cancer. J Prev Med Pub Health. Sep 2007;39(5):438-446. Lee SY, Lee WC, Choi KY, Kim MK, Lee JH, Meng KH. A Casecontrol Study of the Relationships between Reproductive Factors and Degree of Dysplasia of the Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer. Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(3):279-288. Lim HJ, Park BJ. Cohort Study on the Association between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Korean Elderly. J Prev Med Pub Health. 2008;41(1):23-29. Jee SH, Ohrr HC, Sull JW, Samet M. J. Ciggarette Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Hepatits B, and Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1851-1855 E Same population I E Not present number of cases I E Not present number of cases E Discordance of categories (non-drinker/drinker) E Discordance of categories (non/ex/current drink) I I I: Included in the meta-analysis E: Excluded from the meta-analysis
Cancer site Reference Note Liver Choi SY, Kahyo H, Shin YS. E Effect of Cigarette Smoking and alcohol Drinking on Risk of Cancer. Not present Korean J Epidemiol. 1992;14(1):35-53. number of cases Larynx Breast Gwack J, Hwang SS, Ko KP, Jun JK, Park SK, Chang SH, Shin HR, Yoo KY. Fasting serum glucose and subsequent liver cancer risk in a Korean prospective cohort. J Prev Med Pub Health. Jan 2007;40(1):23-28. Jee SH, Ohrr HC, Sull JW, Samet M. J. Ciggarette Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Hepatits B, and Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1851-1855 Shin HR, Lee CU, Park Hj, Seol SY, Chung JM. Choi HC, Ahn YO, ShigemastuT Hepatitis B and C virus, Clonorchis sinensis for the risk of Liver Cancer: A casecontrol study in Pusan, Korea. Int. J. Epidemiol 1996; 25(5) Choi SY, Kahyo H Effect of cigarette smonking and alcogol consumption in the aetiology of cancer of the Oral cavity, Pharynx and Larynx. Int. J. Epidemiol 1991;20(4):878-85 Choi SY, Kahyo H, Shin YS. Effect of Cigarette Smoking and alcohol Drinking on Risk of Cancer. Korean J. Epidemiol. 1992;14(1):35-53. Jee SH, Ohrr HC, Sull JW, Samet M. J. Ciggarette Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Hepatits B, and Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1851-1855 Cha KH, Lee TH, Kim HS. The Availability of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Estimating the Obesity on the Relative Risk in the Breast Cancer Journal of Breast Cancer. 1999; 2:251-261. Choi JY, Lee KM, Park SK, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Yoo KY, Kang DH. Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study. BioMed Central. 2005; 143(5):1471-2407. Choi SY, Kahyo H, Shin YS. Effect of Cigarette Smoking and alcohol Drinking on Risk of Cancer. Korean J Epidemiol. 1992;14(1):35-53. Do MH, Lee SS, Jung PJ, Lee MH. Relation of Breast Cancer Risk with Alcohol Consumption and Physical Activity: A CaseControl Study. The Korean Nutrition Society. 2003;36(1):40-48. Han SH, Lee KM, Choi JY, Park SK, Lee JY, Lee JE, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Han WS, Kim DH, Hong YC, Ha EH, Yoo KY, Kang DH. CASP8 polymorphisms, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;110:387-393. Jee SH, Ohrr HC, Sull JW, Samet M. J. Ciggarette Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Hepatits B, and Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1851-1855 E Discordance of categories (never/ever) I I E Discordance of categories E Not present number of cases I E Discordance of categories (never/ever) E Discordance of categories (Reported by consumption frequency) E Not present number of cases I E Discordance of categories (Reported by consumption frequency) E Discordance of categories (non-drinker/drinker) I: Included in the meta-analysis E: Excluded from the meta-analysis