THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Aug.; 27(8), 72 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1/kjkiees.2016.27.8.72 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) FBMC UFMC Nonlinear Characteristics Evaluation of the FBMC and UFMC System for the G Mobile Communication 안창영 유흥균 Changyoung An Heung-Gyoon Ryu 요약. UFMC(Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier), FBMC(Filter Bank Multi-Carrier), W(Weighted)-OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). OFDM UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM HPA(High Power Amplifier), BER(Bit Error Rate)., HPA UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM BER. HPA Windowing W-OFDM. Abstract Recently, novel candidate waveform techniques for spectral efficiency improvement was proposed in order to satisfy key performance indicators(kpis) of th generation(g) mobile communication. Multi-carrier based universal filtered multi-carrier(ufmc) and filter bank multi-carrier(fbmc) are very famous as G candidate waveform techniques. Also, weighted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (W-OFDM) that has low-complexity is receiving the spotlight slowly. In this paper, firstly, we describe a basic OFDM system. And then, we also describe UFMC, FBMC, and W-OFDM system. Next, we evaluate and analyze spectrum and BER performance of these systems under the nonlinear high power amplifier(hpa) environment. As simulation results, spectrum characteristic and BER performance of UFMC, FBMC, and W-OFDM are similar to each other. Therefore, under the nonlinear HPA environment, W-OFDM system is more advantageous because W-OFDM system uses a simple time-domain windowing technique and has similar characteristics to the others. Key words: FBMC, UFMC, W-OFDM, HPA Nonlinearity, Low Complexity. 서론 G(th Generation). G 4G KPI(Key Performance Indicator) [1]. KPI G 201 (This work was supported by the intramural research grant of Chungbuk National University in 201). (Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University) Manuscript received April 7, 2016 ; Revised June 27, 2016 ; Accepted July 28, 2016. (ID No. 20160407-037) Corresponding Author: Heung-Gyoon Ryu (e-mail: ecomm@cbu.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 72
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug. 2016. (embb: Enhanced Mobile Broadband), (Massive Internet of Things), (Mission-critical Services) [2],[3]. G KPI [3]., (waveform) [4],[6]. G OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) []. UFMC(Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier), FBMC(Filter Bank Multi-Carrier) [],[6], W(Weighted) - OFDM. OOB(Out-of-Band). OOB, (guard band). OFDM, IDFT(inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) [6]. OFDM CP(Cyclic Prefix) [6],[7].,,, OFDM. G OFDM. UFMC, OOB [8],[9]. FBMC OOB, OOB [10],[11]. W-OFDM CP OFDM Windowing OOB. Windowing 4G LTE, 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project). OOB, HPA(High Power Amplifier) OOB. PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio), PAPR HPA, OOB., OOB., OOB, OOB,,. G HPA,., OFDM UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM., HPA BER. BER.. 세대이동통신후보변조기술 2-1 OFDM 1 OFDM. idft [6]. DFT. OFDM CP, 726
FBMC UFMC 그림 1. OFDM Fig. 1. Block diagram of OFDM system., OOB [6],[7]. 2-2 UFMC 2 UFMC. OFDM UFMC [8]. 2N DFT, [9]. UFMC OOB. HPA. 2-3 FBMC 3 FBMC. FBMC 그림 2. UFMC Fig. 2. Block diagram of UFMC system. 그림 3. FBMC Fig. 3. Block diagram of FBMC system.. OQ- AM(Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), Synthesis Filter Bank [10]. Analysis Filter Bank. FBMC OOB [11]. FB- MC, OOB, [12]. OOB HPA. 2-4 W-OFDM W-OFDM OFDM Windowing. Windowing, OOB., OOB [12]. Windowing LTE(Long-term Evolution) WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network). OOB. G UFMC FBMC.. 3GPP G [12]. 727
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug. 2016. 그림 4. W-OFDM Fig. 4. Block diagram of W-OFDM system. 4 W-OFDM. W- OFDM OFDM CP,., Windowing. W-OFDM. W-OFDM CP-OFDM Extension, Windowing. Windowing W-OFDM OOB.,, OOB. 6 W-OFDM. W-OFDM,, OOB. 6 (a) 10, 6 (b) 30. 6 (a) (b), OOB. OOB., TTI(Transmission Time Interval). TTI. (a) Extension length : 10 (b) Extension length : 30 그림. W-OFDM Fig.. Tx signal generation of W-OFDM system. 그림 6. W-OFDM Fig. 6. Spectrum characteristic of W-OFDM transmit signal according to extension length. 728
FBMC UFMC. 비선형 HPA 모델 3-1 Saleh 모델 HPA,.. HPA,,. Saleh. HPA Saleh AM-AM AM-PM [13]. 표 1. HPA Table 1. Condition of HPA nonlinearity. Condition AM-AM AM-PM 0 =1 =0 (Linear) =0 =0.01 1 2 3 4 =1 =0.01 =0.01 =0.01 =1 =0.03 =0.02 =0.01 =1 =0.0 =0.03 =0.01 =1 =0.07 =0.04 =0.01 (1) 4 HPA Nonlinearity 0 4 40 3 (2) Output Voltage 3 2 30 2 20 Phase Difference 1 1 10 (1) Saleh AM-AM. A(t),.. (2) Saleh AM-PM. AM- PM... 3-2 시뮬레이션을위한비선형조건 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 Input Signal (a) Condition 0(linear) Output Voltage HPA Nonlinearity 0 4 4 40 3 3 30 2 2 20 1 1 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 Input Signal (b) Condition 1 (c) Condition 2 HPA Nonlinearity HPA Nonlinearity 0 0 Phase Difference OFDM, UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM HPA BER 4. 1 HPA Saleh. 1 (1) (2) HPA. Output Voltage 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 Input Signal 4 40 3 30 2 20 1 10 Phase Difference Output Voltage 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 Input Signal (d) Condition 3 (e) Condition 4 그림 7. HPA Fig. 7. Condition of HPA nonlinearity for simulation. 4 40 3 30 2 20 1 10 Phase Difference 729
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug. 2016. 7. 0, 1 4 HPA. 1, 4.. 시뮬레이션결과및분석 HPA. 2. 64, 16. BER 32.,., 64 16, 48. 1 24 24 0, 2 40, 41 64 24 0. 표 2. Table 2. Simulation parameters Parameter Modulation # of total subcarrier (Total system) # of used subcarrier (Total system) Filter for FBMC Filter for UFMC Value QAM 64 16(For spectrum) 32(For BER) Phydyas prototype H0=1 H1=0.97196 H2=0.7071 H3=0.23147 Chebyshev Attenuation=60 db # of taps=10 # of sub-band in UFMC 64/8 Extension length in W-OFDM 16*2 # of cyclic prefix for OFDM and W-OFDM 9 DC. W-OFDM Windowing Chevyshev. OFDM W-OFDM CP(Cyclic Prefix) 9, UFMC Zero Padding 9. UFMC Zero Padding., OFDM CP UFMC. UFMC Chebyshev 10, 1. FBMC 4, 4 PPN FBMC 4 26. CP OFDM 1.. FBMC Short Burst,. Long Burst,,. 8. 9 12 OFDM, UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM. 1 4 OOB, 4 UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM OOB 61 63 db. 3 8 12 OOB. OFDM OOB, FBMC OOB 730
FBMC UFMC (a) OFDM / linear condition (b) UFMC / linear condition (c) FBMC / linear condition (d) W-OFDM / linear condition 그림 8. HPA Fig. 8. Spectrum of the candidate waveforms under the linear HPA condition. 표 3. OOB Table 3. Comparison of OOB power. Condition OFDM UFMC FBMC W-OFDM 0 26 db 83 db 120 db 90 db 1 26 db 82 db 8 db 8 db 2 26 db 74 db 7 db 7 db 3 26 db 66 db 67 db 69 db 4 26 db 61 db 62 db 63 db. OOB 1 2 db. OOB. 13 16 OFDM, UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM HPA BER. BER, HPA 731
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 8, Aug. 2016. (a) Condition 1 (b) Condition 2 (a) Condition 1 (b) Condition 2 (c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 9. OFDM Fig. 9. Tx spectrum of OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. (c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 11. FBMC Fig. 11. Tx spectrum of FBMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. (a) Condition 1 (b) Condition 2 (a) Condition 1 (b) Condition 2 (c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 10. UFMC Fig. 10. Tx spectrum of UFMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. (c) Condition 3 (d) Condition 4 그림 12. W-OFDM Fig. 12. Tx spectrum of W-OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. 732
FBMC UFMC 그림 13. OFDM BER Fig. 13. BER performance of OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. 그림 1. FBMC BER Fig. 1. BER performance of FBMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. 그림 14. UFMC BER Fig. 14. BER performance of UFMC system according to HPA nonlinearity condition. BER. PAPR.. 결론 BER, HPA, BER 그림 16. W-OFDM BER Fig. 16. BER performance of W-OFDM system according to HPA nonlinearity condition., OFDM UFMC, FBMC, W-OFDM,. Windowing OOB W-OFDM FBMC UFMC. 733
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