14-22.hwp

Similar documents
<30312EC6AFC1FD30322DC0CCB0FCC8A32E687770>

1..


ๆญฏ1.PDF

( )Kju269.hwp

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

ยผร›ยฑรขร‡รต

< C0D3BBF3B0C7B0AD20C3E1B0E8C7D0BCFAB4EBC8B82DBFACBCF6B0ADC1C22E687770>

ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ฑ์ธ์—์„œ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™ฉ๋ฐ˜๋ณ€์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

ๆญฏkjmh2004v13n1.PDF

ํ์‡„์„ฑํ์งˆํ™˜ (Obstructive Lung Disease) Volume 5, Number 2, July, 2017 I Update GOLD ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ์•ˆ์ •์‹œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์ง„๊ตญ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์„œ์šธ์„ฑ๋ชจ๋ณ‘์›ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋‚ด๊ณผ New GOLD document has been revise

Lumbar spine

012์ž„์ˆ˜์ง„

์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 1

02 ์ค‘์•™ํšŒ ๋ฐ ์‹œ ๋„ํšŒ ์†Œ์‹ ๋ณ‘์›ํ–‰์ •์ธ์‹ ๋ฌธ ์ œ 124ํ˜ธ 2015 ๋ณ‘์›ํ–‰์ • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๊ณผ์ • CEO์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ๊ณผ์ • ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์ƒ ๋ชจ์ง‘ 2015๋…„๋„ ๋ณ‘์›ํ–‰์ •์žฅ๊ธฐ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋ณ‘์›๊ฒฝ์˜CEO ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„๋‹จ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •(CEO๊ณผ์ •)์˜ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ ์ง‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘ํšŒ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 3์›” 16์ผ 2015๋…„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—ฐ

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

(

์„œ๋ก 

<BFACBCBCC0C7BBE7C7D E687770>

00์•ฝ์ œ๋ถ€๋ด„ํ˜ธc03้€žํ’š

A 617

ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ


< DC0CCBBF3B5B52E687770>

2 min ์‘์šฉ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ 01 I set my alarm for It goes off. 03 It doesn t go off. 04 I sleep in. 05 I make my bed. 06 I brush my teeth. 07 I take a shower.

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FA20C0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

๋…ธ์˜๋‚จ

ๆญฏ์ œ7๊ถŒ1ํ˜ธ(์ตœ์ข…ํŽธ์ง‘).PDF



03-ร€รŒรยฆร‡รถ


์„œ๋ก  34 2

( ) Jkra076.hwp

๋Œ€ํ•œํ•œ์˜ํ•™์›์ „ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€24๊ถŒ6ํ˜ธ-์ „์ฒด์ตœ์ข….hwp

ร€ร‡ร‡รยฐ๏ฟฝรร‚c00รŒยปรณร€รห˜

ร€รฅยพร–ยฟรยฐรญยฟรซ ยณยปรรถ

์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ถ”์ •๊ณผ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

I&IRC5 TG_08๊ถŒ

( )Jkstro011.hwp

Jksvs019(8-15).hwp

Page 2 of 6 Here are the rules for conjugating Whether (or not) and If when using a Descriptive Verb. The only difference here from Action Verbs is wh

975_983 ํŠน์ง‘-ํ•œ๊ทœ์ฒ , ์ •์›ํ˜ธ

Going Home - Korean

_KF_Bulletin webcopy

์ €์ž‘์žํ‘œ์‹œ - ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ - ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๊ธˆ์ง€ 2.0 ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋Š”์•„๋ž˜์˜์กฐ๊ฑด์„๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ด์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„๋ณต์ œ, ๋ฐฐํฌ, ์ „์†ก, ์ „์‹œ, ๊ณต์—ฐ๋ฐ๋ฐฉ์†กํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€์กฐ๊ฑด์„๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค : ์ €์ž‘์žํ‘œ์‹œ. ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š”์›์ €์ž‘์ž๋ฅผํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ. ๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š”์ด์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„์˜๋ฆฌ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ด์šฉํ• 

๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ-25์ผ์ˆ˜์ •

์„œ๊ฐ•๋Œ€ํ•™์›123ํ˜ธ

์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 1

untitled

23-29.hwp

(5)-(28~45)


DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

1_2โ€ขโ€ข pdf(โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข).pdf

๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณ ์œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๊ณ 

ยนรŒยตรฅยนรŒ3ร‚รทร€รŽยผรข

๊น€๋ฒ”์ˆ˜


Continuing Education Column Dyspnea Jung Hyun Chang, M.D. Department of Respiratory Medicine Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospi

<5B31362E30332E31315D20C5EBC7D5B0C7B0ADC1F5C1F8BBE7BEF720BEC8B3BB2DB1DDBFAC2E687770>

<30322D28C6AF29C0CCB1E2B4EB35362D312E687770>

Trd022.hwp

< D B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A E687770>


Vol.259 C O N T E N T S M O N T H L Y P U B L I C F I N A N C E F O R U M

141(26) () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932 ()()3) 2 1) ( ) ( ) () () () 4) ( ) 5) 6) ) ) ( ) () 42 () )


Hi-MO ์• ํ”„ํ„ฐ์ผ€์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํŽธ 5. ์˜ค๋น„๋งฅ์ฃผ ์นด์Šค ์นด์Šค ํ›„๋ ˆ์‰ฌ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค ํŽธ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋ถ€ํƒ ์ผ€์–ด~ Hi-MO ์• ํ”„ํ„ฐ์ผ€์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ฐœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ๋…๋ณด์ ์ด๋‹ค! ๊ทผ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•„์„ธ์š”? ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋„ ์ธ๊ณต์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์ด

- 2 -

ยบรŽรยคยธร†V10Nยณยปรรถ

ยฑรจยนรŽรรถ

๋ฏผ์†์ง€_์ด๊ฑด์šฑT ์ตœ์ข…


์›์œ„๋ถ€์š”์ฒ™๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ์˜์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ํšจ๊ณผ - ํ›„ํ–ฅ์  1 ๋…„๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—ฐ๊ตฌ - ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‚จ์ƒํ˜„

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

๋Œ€ํ•œํ•œ์˜ํ•™์›์ „ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€26๊ถŒ4ํ˜ธ-๊ต์ •๋ณธ(1125).hwp




54 ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก๋ฌธ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ œ 27 ๊ถŒ 2 ํ˜ธ, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

2011ยดรซร‡รยฟรธ2ยตยต 24p_0628

04์กฐ๋‚จํ›ˆ

๋ณธ๋ฌธ01

0125_ แ„‹แ…ฏแ„แ…ณแ„‰แ…ฃแ†ธ แ„‡แ…กแ†ฏแ„‘แ…ญแ„Œแ…กแ„…แ…ญ_แ„‹แ…ชแ†ซแ„‰แ…ฅแ†ผ.key

,,,,,,, ,, 2 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2001) 2

Treatment and Role of Hormaonal Replaement Therapy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

<392E5FB8B8BCBAC6F3BCE2BCBAC6F3C1FAC8AF5FC4A1B7E1C1A65FB0B3B9DFC0C75FC7F6C8B25FB9D75FB1D8BAB9B9E6BEC85F F332E302E687770>

... ์ˆ˜์‹œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๋น„์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐ์ถ”์ด๋ถ„์„ Korean Macroeconomic Logistics Costs in ๊ถŒํ˜๊ตฌใ†์„œ์ƒ๋ฒ”...

<B3EDB9AEC1FD5F3235C1FD2E687770>

Jkafm093.hwp

7 1 ( 12 ) ( 1912 ) 4. 3) ( ) 1 3 1, ) ( ), ( ),. 5) ( ) ). ( ). 6). ( ). ( ).

,......

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์„ ํ•œ ์†์˜ ๋„์šฐ์‹ฌ ์ด์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ถ•๋ณต์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด ์œ ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถ•๋ณต์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—์Šค๋ผ์„œ์— ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์„ ํ•œ ์†์˜ ๋„์šฐ์‹ฌ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—์Šค๋ผ 7์žฅ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์„

WHO ์˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด๊ตญ์ œ์žฅ์• ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ (ICF) ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ดํ•ด์™€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ( ํ™ฉ์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ ) ๊Œ™ 127 ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ 4 ๊ถŒ์ œ 2 ํ˜ธ pp.127~148 c ํ•œ๊ตญ๋…ธ๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› WHO ์˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด๊ตญ์ œ์žฅ์• ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ (ICF) ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์ดํ•ด์™€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ํ•„์š”์„ฑํ™ฉ์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ *, (disabi

Output file

Transcription:

COPD ์˜์ž„์ƒ์†Œ๊ฒฌ๋ฐ์ง„๋‹จ ์ข…์„ค ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™๋‚ด๊ณผ๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํ˜ธ The Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis of COPD Kyung Ho Kang, MD. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ์„œ ๋ก  COPD ์˜์ •์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑํ์‡„์„ฑํ์งˆํ™˜ (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD) ๋Š”๋ฒ”์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ 1990 ๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” 6๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜์‚ฌ๋ง์›์ธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ 2020๋…„์—๋Š” 3๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋ง์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๊ณ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ์žฅ์• ์˜ 4๋ฒˆ์งธ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ์ถ”์ •๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด์งˆํ™˜์˜์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค 1. COPD์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ง€์นจ์€๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„์‚ฌ์ด์—์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 2,3,4 ์ตœ๊ทผ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) ์™€์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ (World Health Organization, WHO) ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ COPD์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹ฌ์„์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ Global Initiative for Chronic Obstruc tive Lung Disease(GOLD) ๋ผ๋Š”๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ workshop ์„์‹œํ–‰ํ›„์ด์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ COPD ์˜์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค 5. 2004๋…„ GOLD report๋ฅผ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  6 2004๋…„ 5์›”์˜๊ตญ์€ COPD์˜ Na tional Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline ์„๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค 7. GOLD์™€ NICE guideline์—์„œ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ๋‚ด์šฉ์ค‘ COPD์˜์ž„์ƒ์ƒ๊ณผ์ง„๋‹จ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด๊ฐœ๋…์„์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. Address for correspondence : Kyung Ho Kang, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine 80 Guro Dong, Guro Ku, 152-050, Seoul, Korea Phone : 82-2-818-6638 Fax : 82-2-865-9670 E-mail : kkhchest@korea.ac.kr 1. COPD์˜์ •์˜ GOLD ์—์„œ๋Š” COPD ๋Š”๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์ด์™„์ „ํžˆ๊ฐ€์—ญ์ ์ด์ง€์•Š์Œ์„ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœํ•˜๋Š”์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์€์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ์ ์ฐจ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ์ž…์ž๋‚˜๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋Œ€ํ•œํ์˜๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ์—ผ์ฆ๋ฐ˜์‘์„๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค ๊ณ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์€์†Œ๊ธฐ๋„์งˆํ™˜ ( ํ์‡„์„ฑ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์—ผ ) ๊ณผํ์‹ค์งˆ์†์ƒ ( ํ๊ธฐ์ข… ) ์œผ๋กœ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ •๋„๋Š”์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ์—ผ์ฆ์€์†Œ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ํ˜‘์ฐฉ๊ณผ remodeling์„์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ์‹ค์งˆ์˜ํŒŒ๊ดด์™€์—ผ์ฆ์€ํํฌ์˜์†Œ๊ธฐ๋„์˜๋ถ€์ฐฉ์„์—†์• ๊ณ ์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ดํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹œ์—๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๋Š”์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ์ค„์ด๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์€๊ฐ€์žฅํ”ํžˆ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๋Š”ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ COPD์˜์ •์˜์—์„œํ๊ธฐ์ข…๊ณผ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์—ผ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ GOLD์—์„œ๋Š”๋”์ด์ƒ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€์•Š๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ๊ธฐ์ข…์€์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋‚˜์ฃผ๋กœ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ COPD์˜์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ๋ณ€ํ™”์ค‘์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์—ผ์€๊ธฐ์นจ๊ณผ๊ฐ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด์ผ๋…„์— 3๊ฐœ์›”์ด์ƒ์—ฐ์† 2๋…„์ด์ƒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ ๋•Œ๋กœ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜์—ญํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ ์šฉํ•œ์šฉ์–ด์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” COPD ํ™˜์ž์˜์ดํ™˜์ด๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ง์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์นจ๊ณผ๊ฐ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์ „์—์ƒ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋„์žˆ๊ณ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š”๊ธฐ์นจ๊ณผ๊ฐ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ์—†์ด์‹ฌํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ NICE ์˜ COPD ์ •์˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜ํ์‡„๋กœํŠน์ง•์ง€์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜ํ์‡„๋Š”๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์™„์ „ํžˆ๊ฐ€์—ญ์ ์ด์ง€์•Š๊ณ ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ์—ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 14

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 59. No. 1, Jul. 2005 ์งˆํ™˜์€์ฃผ๋กœํก์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. COPD์˜์ง„๋‹จ์„์œ„ํ•œ์œ ์ผํ•œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ์ง„๋‹จ์€ํ™˜์ž์˜๋ณ‘๋ ฅ, ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœํ™•์ธ๋œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜ํ์‡„๋“ฑ์„๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœํ•œ์ž„์ƒ์ ์ธํŒ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2. COPD์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 2001๋…„ GOLD report ์™€๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 2003๋…„๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ๊ฐœ์ •๋œ GOLD ์—์„œ๋Š” COPD์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ฅผ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋Š”๊ต์œก์ ์ธ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์„๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœํ•˜์—ฌ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ FEV 1 ์˜ํŠน์ •ํ•œ cut-point๋Š”์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœํ™•์ธ์ด๋˜์ง€์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ด์ฑ„ํƒ์ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธํ™˜์ž์˜ COPD๋กœ์ธํ•œ์˜ํ–ฅ์€๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์˜์ •๋„์™ธ์—๋„ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด๋‚˜์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜๊ฐ์†Œ์™€๊ฐ™์€์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ์˜์ •๋„, ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ๋“ฑ์—์˜ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. COPD์˜์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”์ฃผ๋กœ์ฆ์ƒ์—์˜ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋˜๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์˜์ •๋„์™€์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ๋Š”๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์˜๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋Š”์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ์˜์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ๊ต์œก์ ์ธ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” FEV 1 ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š”๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ์‚ฌ์šฉํ›„์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœํ•œ๋‹ค. COPD์˜์ฆ์ƒ์˜ํŠน์ง•์€๊ธฐ์นจ, ๊ฐ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ, ์šด๋™์‹œํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์นจ๊ณผ๊ฐ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋…„์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‚˜์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š”์ด ๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ฆ์ƒ์ด์žˆ์–ด๋„ COPD๋กœ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์–‘์ƒ์€ COPD์˜์œ„ํ—˜์ด์žˆ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผํ™•์ธํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์•„์ง์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ์กฐ์น˜ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ฒŒํ•œ๋‹ค. COPD์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋Š” stage 0์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ stage IV์˜๋‹ค์„ฏ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค (Table 1). stage 0 : ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์นจ๊ณผ๊ฐ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋กœํŠน์ง•์ง€์–ด์ง€๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€์•„์ง์ •์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. stage โ…  : ๊ฒฝ์ฆ COPD ๋กœ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ (FEV 1 /FVC <70%, FEV 1 > ์ถ”์ •์น˜์˜ 80%) ์ดํŠน์ง•์ด๊ณ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์นจ๊ณผ๊ฐ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ณ‘๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์ž์‹ ์˜ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋น„์ •์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ ์€๋ชจ๋“ ํก์—ฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์ด๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”์ ์„๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. stage โ…ก : ์ค‘๋“ฑ์ฆ COPD๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ ( ์ถ”์ •์น˜ 50% <FEV 1 < ์ถ”์ •์น˜ 80%) ์˜์•…ํ™”์™€์ฆ์ƒ์˜์ง„ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ์šด๋™์‹œํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ณ‘๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์งˆํ™˜์˜์•…ํ™”๋‚˜ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์œผ๋กœ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. stage โ…ข : ์ค‘์ฆ COPD ๋กœ์‹ฌํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ ( ์ถ”์ •์น˜ 50% >FEV 1 > ์ถ”์ •์น˜ 30%) ๊ณผํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ํ™˜์ž์˜์‚ถ์˜์งˆ์ด๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ์•…ํ™”๋กœ์ธํ•ด์ €ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. stage โ…ฃ : ์‹ฌํ•œ์ค‘์ฆ COPD๋กœ์‹ฌํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ (FEV 1 < ์ถ”์ •์น˜์˜ 30%) ๋‚˜๋งŒ์„ฑํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „์œผ๋กœํŠน์ง•์ง€์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „์€์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ถ„์•• (PaO 2 ) ์ด 8.0kPa (60mmHg) ์ดํ•˜์ด๊ณ ํƒ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ถ„์•• (PaCO 2 ) ์ด 6.7kPa (50mmHg) Table 1. Classification of severity of COPD Stage Characteristics 0: at risk normal spirometry chronic symptoms(cough, sputum production) โ… : mild COPD FEV 1/FVC<70% FEV 1>80% predicted with or without chronic symptoms โ…ก: moderate COPD FEV 1/FVC<70% 50%<FEV 1<80% predicted with or without chronic symptoms โ…ข: severe COPD FEV 1<FVC<70% 30%<FEV 1<50% predicted with or without chronic symptoms โ…ฃ: very severe COPD FEV 1<FVC<70% FEV 1<30% predicted or FEV 1<50% predicted plus chronic respiratory failure 15

KH Kang : The clinical manifestation and diagnosis of COPD ์ด์ƒ์ผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „์€์‹ฌ์žฅ์—๋„์˜ํ–ฅ์„์ฃผ์–ดํ์„ฑ์‹ฌ ( ์šฐ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „ ) ์„๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์˜์ž„์ƒ์ง•ํ›„๋Š”๊ฒฝ์ •๋งฅ์••์˜์ฆ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์˜๋ถ€์ข…์ด๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. FEV 1 ์ด์ถ”์ •์น˜์˜ 30% ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋„์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด stage โ…ฃ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ณ‘๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์˜์‚ถ์˜์งˆ์ด์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ์ €ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์งˆํ™˜์˜์•…ํ™”๋Š”์ƒ๋ช…์„์œ„ํ˜‘ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. NICE ์—์„œ๋Š” 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜ํ์‡„๋Š” FEV1์ด์ถ”์ •์น˜์˜ 50-80%, ์ค‘๋“ฑ์ฆ์€์ถ”์ •์น˜์˜ 30-49%, ์ค‘์ฆ์€์ถ”์ •์น˜์˜ 30% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. GOLD์˜ COPD ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”๋…ผ๋ž€์ด์žˆ๋‹ค 8,9. FEV 1 ๋งŒ์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์ด๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์˜์ฆ์ƒ, ์‚ถ์˜์งˆ, ์•…ํ™”์˜๋นˆ๋„, ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜๋“ฑ๊ณผ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด์ ๊ณ  stage 0 ์ด์™ธ๋Š”์ฆ์ƒ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์–ธ๊ธ‰์ด์—†์–ด์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์™€๋Š”์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Copenhagen City Heart Study์—์„œ stage 0๊ฐ€ COPD ์˜์œ„ํ—˜์„์˜ˆ์ธกํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด์—†๋‹ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค 10. COPD ์˜์ง„๋‹จ COPD์˜์ง„๋‹จ์€๊ธฐ์นจ, ๊ฐ๋‹ด์ƒ์„ฑ, ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€, ํ˜น์€์งˆํ™˜์˜์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์—๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ ฅ์ด์žˆ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋‹จ์€ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์—์˜ํ•ดํ™•์ง„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ์‚ฌ์šฉํ›„ FEV 1 < ์ถ”์ •์น˜์˜ 80% ์™€ FEV 1 /FVC<70% ์ด๋ฉฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์ด์žˆ๊ณ ์™„์ „ํžˆ๊ฐ€์—ญ Table 2. Causes of chronic cough with a normal chest X-ray Intrathoracic Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Bronchial asthma Central bronchial carcinoma Endobronchial tuberculosis Bronchiectasis Left heart failure Interstitial lung disease Cystic fibrosis Extrathoracic Postnasal drip Gastroesophageal reflux Drug therapy(e.g., ACE inhibitor) ์ ์ด์ง€๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์ด๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์ง„๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜์ง•ํ›„๋“ฑ์ด์ง„๋‹จ์—์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฎ์€ peak flow๋Š” COPD์™€ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅธํ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‚˜์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•œ์‹œ๋„๋กœ์ƒ๊ธธ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ธฐ์—ํŠน์ด๋„๊ฐ€๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. COPD์˜์ง„๋‹จ์„ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์„์‹œํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์นจ : ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์นจ์€๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ฒซ์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ํ”ํžˆํก์—ฐ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋‚˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋…ธ์ถœ๋กœ์ธํ•œ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ด๋‚˜ํ›„๊ธฐ์—๋Š”๋งค์ผ๋˜๋Š”ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ๋Š”์•ผ๊ฐ„์—๋งŒ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. COPD ์˜๊ธฐ์นจ์€๊ฐ๋‹ด์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€์•Š์„์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์นจ์ด์—†์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‰๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ •์ƒ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์นจ์„๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” Table 2์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋‹ด์ƒ์„ฑ : COPD ํ™˜์ž๋Š”๊ธฐ์นจํ›„์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜๊ฐ๋‹ด์„๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์—ผ์€์ผ๋…„์— 3๊ฐœ์›”์ด์ƒ์—ฐ์† 2 ๋…„์ด์ƒ๊ฐ๋‹ด์ƒ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ํ™˜์ž์˜๊ฐ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜์ •๋„๋ฅผ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋Š”๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋‹ด์ƒ์„ฑ์€ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€๋ฑ‰์–ด๋‚ด์ง€์•Š๊ณ ์‚ผํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ™”๋‚˜์„ฑ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์Šต๊ด€์ด๋‹ค๋ฅผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€ : COPD ํ™˜์ž์˜์ฃผ์ฆ์ƒ์ด๊ณ ๋ณ‘์›์„์ฐพ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”์›์ธ์ด๋ฉฐ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ์žฅ์• ์˜์›์ธ์ด๋‹ค. COPD ํ™˜์ž๋Š”ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์„ increased effort to breath, heaviness, air hunger, gasping" ๋“ฑ์˜์šฉ์–ด๋กœํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์šฉ์–ด์—๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋ฅธํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์„์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•˜๋‚˜์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€์ค‘์ฒฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ดํ™˜์ž์˜๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์—๊ธฐ์น˜๋Š”์˜ํ–ฅ์„์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€์˜๊ตญ Medical Research Coucil MRC) questionnaire๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค (Table 3). ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์€์ง€์†์ ์ด๊ณ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”๋ณดํ–‰์ด๋‚˜๊ณ„๋‹จ์„์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ๋•Œ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด์•…ํ™”๋˜๋ฉดํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๊ณ ๊ฐ™์€์—ฐ๋ น์˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๋น„ํ•ด๋ณดํ–‰์†๋„๊ฐ€๋Šฆ์–ด์ง€๊ณ ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์•ˆ์ •์‹œ๋‚˜์˜ท์„์ž…๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์„ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—๋„ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ ์ง‘์—์„œ๋งŒ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค. 16

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 59. No. 1, Jul. 2005 Table 3. MRC dyspnea scale Grade Degree of breathlessness related to activities 1 Not troubled by breathlessness except on strenuous excercise 2 Short of breath when hurrying or walking up aslight hill 3 Walks slow than contemporaries on levle ground because of breathlessness, or has to stop for breath when walking at own pace 4 Stops of breath after walking about 100m or after a few minutes on level ground 5 Too breathless to leave the house, or breathless when dressing or undressing ์ฒœ๋ช…๊ณผํ‰๋ถ€์••๋ฐ•๊ฐ : ๋น„ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ์ฆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ•˜๋ฃจ์ค‘์—๋„์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€์žˆ๊ณ ๋‚˜๋‚ ์ด์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€๋‚ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ฆ์ƒ์€๊ฒฝํ•œ COPD ์—์„œ๋„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‚˜์ฒœ์‹์ด๋‚˜ stage III, IV์—์„œ์ฃผ๋กœ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ๋ช…์€ํ›„๋‘์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜๋„์žˆ๊ณ ์ฒญ์ง„์‹œ์—ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์™€ํก๊ธฐ์—ํ‰๋ถ€์ „์ฒด์—์„œ๋“ค๋ฆด์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๋ถ€์••๋ฐ•๊ฐ์€๋Š‘๊ฐ„๊ทผ์œก์˜๋“ฑ์žฅ์„ฑ์ˆ˜์ถ•์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ ์šด๋™ํ›„์—๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€๊ฐ€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์ฆ์ƒ์ด์—†๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•ด์„œ COPD๋ฅผ๋ฐฐ์ œํ• ์ˆ˜๋Š”์—†๋‹ค. ์‹ฌํ•œ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ฆ์ƒ : ์ฒด์ค‘๊ฐ์†Œ, ์‹์š•๋ถ€์ง„์ด์‹ฌํ•œ COPD์—์„œํ”ํ•œ์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐํ˜ˆ์€ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ฐ์—ผ์ค‘์—๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒฐํ•ต์ด๋‚˜์ข…์–‘์˜์ง•ํ›„์ผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ธฐ์—๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์นจ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•œํ‰๊ฐ•์••์˜์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ธํ•œ๊ธฐ์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜๊ณจ์ ˆ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€์ง„ํ–‰๋œ COPD์—์„œํ”ํ•œ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ๋ถ€์ข…์€ํ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜์ง•ํ›„์˜์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2. ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ COPD๊ฐ€์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์ฒ˜์Œ์ง„๋‹จ๋œํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š”๋‹ค์Œ์˜๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„์ž์„ธํžˆ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. 1) ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์ธํก์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜๋…ธ์ถœ 2) ์ฒœ์‹, ์•Œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€, ๋ถ€๋น„๋™์—ผ์ด๋‚˜๋น„์šฉ์ข…, ์†Œ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ฐ์—ผ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์งˆํ™˜์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ 3) COPD๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋งŒ์„ฑํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์งˆํ™˜์˜๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ 4) ์ฆ์ƒ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜์–‘์ƒ 5) ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์งˆํ™˜์˜์•…ํ™”๋‚˜์ด๋กœ์ธํ•œ์ž…์›๋ณ‘๋ ฅ 6) ์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‚˜๋ฅ˜๋งˆ์น˜์Šค์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜์œ ๋ฌด 7) ์ตœ๊ทผ๋‚ด๊ณผ์ ์ธ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ 8) ํ™˜์ž์˜์ƒํ™œ์—์งˆํ™˜์ด๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์˜ํ–ฅ ( ํ™œ๋™์˜์ œํ•œ, ์‹ค์ง๊ณผ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ์˜ํ–ฅ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์˜ํ–ฅ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ) 9) ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ์ œ๊ณต๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š”์‚ฌํšŒ์™€๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜์ง€์› 10) ํŠนํžˆ๊ธˆ์—ฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 3. ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์ง„๋ฃŒ์—์žˆ์–ด์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ์ง„๋‹จ์—๋Š”๊ฑฐ์˜๋„์›€์ด๋˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค, ์‹ฌํ•œํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€์—†๋Š”ํ•œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์žฅ์• ์˜์‹ ์ฒด์ง•ํ›„๋Š”๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€์•Š๊ธฐ์—ํŠน์ด๋„๋‚˜์˜ˆ๋ฏผ๋„๋Š”๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. 1) ์‹œ์ง„์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์ฆ์ด๋‚˜์ ๋ง‰์˜์ฒญ์ƒ‰๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜์ธ๊ณต์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š”๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ ์ธ์ข…์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ์˜๊ณผํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”ํ‰๊ณฝ์˜์ด์ƒ์€์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ธ๋Š‘๊ณจ, barrel-shaped" chest, ๋ณต๋ถ€๋Œ์ถœ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ํšก๊ฒฝ๋ง‰์ดํ‰ํ‰ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ๋™๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š”ํ•˜๋ถ€๋Š‘๊ณจ์˜ํก๊ธฐ์‹œ์•ˆ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ์šด๋™, ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋‘”ํƒ์Œ์˜๊ฐ์†Œ, ์นผํ‰๊ณจ๊ฐ (Xiphisternal angle) ์˜์ฆ๊ฐ€๋“ฑ์ด๋™๋ฐ˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ˜ธํก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๋ถ„๋‹น 20ํšŒ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ณ ํ˜ธํก์ด์–•๋‹ค. ํ”ํžˆ pursed-lip breathing" ์„๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ์ด๋Š”ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์˜์†๋„๋ฅผ์ค„์ด๊ณ ๋”ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธํ์˜๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„๋„์šด๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋Š”๋ˆ„์šฐ๋ฉด์•ˆ์ •๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋˜๊ทผ์œก์„์ž์ฃผํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ๋ชฉ๊ฐˆ๋น„๊ทผ (scalene) ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋น—๊ทผ (stenocleidomastoid ms ucle) ์˜์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์˜์ถ”๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์ด๋‚˜ํ•˜์ง€์˜๋ถ€์ข…์€์šฐ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „์˜์ง•ํ›„์ผ์ˆ˜ 17

KH Kang : The clinical manifestation and diagnosis of COPD ์žˆ๋‹ค. 5. ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ 2) ์ด‰์ง„๊ณผํƒ€์ง„์ด๋“ค์€ COPD ์ง„๋‹จ์—๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„์›€์ด๋˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ์˜๊ณผํŒฝ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ์ธํ•ด์‹ฌ์ฒจ๋ถ€์˜๋ฐ•๋™์„์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค l. ๊ณผํŒฝ์ฐฝ์€๊ฐ„์ด์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ„์˜๋น„๋Œ€๊ฐ€์—†์ด๋„์ด‰์ง„์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•œ๋‹ค. 3) ์ฒญ์ง„ COPD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œํ˜ธํก์Œ์€๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋‹ค. ์กฐ์šฉํžˆํ˜ธํก์‹œ์ฒœ๋ช…์ด๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์˜์œ ์šฉํ•œ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋ฉฐํž˜๊ปํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹œ์—๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”์ง„๋‹จ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€์—†๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ COPD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ์ˆ˜ํฌ์Œ์ด๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์ง„๋‹จ์—๊ฑฐ์˜๋„์›€์ด์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์Œ์€๊ฒ€์ƒ๋ถ€์œ„ (xiphoid area) ์—์„œ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž˜๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. 4. ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์˜์ธก์ •ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์€ COPD๊ฐ€์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด์—†๋”๋ผ๋„๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์นจ์ด๋‚˜๊ฐ๋‹ด์ƒ์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„์‹ค์‹œํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์€ COPD๋ฅผ์ง„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์€๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ์งˆํ™˜์˜์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ์ถ”์ ์—์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. FVC์™€ FEV 1, FEV 1 /FVC๋ฅผ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ FEV 1 ์€๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œํก์ž…ํ›„์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ •์ƒ์น˜์˜ 80% ์ดํ•˜์ด๊ณ  FEV 1 /FVC ๊ฐ€ 70% ์ดํ•˜์ผ๋•Œ์ง„๋‹จ์ด๋œ๋‹ค. FEV 1 ์ด 80% ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ณ  FEV 1 /FVC ๊ฐ€ 70% ์ดํ•˜์ผ๋•Œ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์˜์ •์˜๋Š”์ „์ˆ ํ•œ๋ฐ”์™€๊ฐ™์ด์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜ (peak expiratory flow, PEF) ๋Š”๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์ธก์ •์„์œ„ํ•ด์ž์ฃผ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋‚˜ COPD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ FEV 1 ์™€ PEF์˜์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์€๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค. PEF๋Š”๊ธฐ๋„ํ์‡„์ •๋„๋ฅผ์ €ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์ด๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 6์ดˆ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋Š”์•Š์ง€๋งŒ FEV 1 /FVC ๊ฐ€ 50% ์ดํ•˜์ผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด์žˆ๋Š”์œ ์šฉํ•œ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. COPD์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์˜์ฆ์ƒ, ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜์ด์ƒ์ •๋„, ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด๋‚˜์šฐ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์—ฌ๋ถ€์—๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์„์ด์šฉํ•œํŠน์ •ํ•œ cut-point๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ COPD์˜๋ณ‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ๋ณด๋‹ค์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋ฉฐ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ cut-point๋Š”์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜์ง€์•Š์•˜๊ณ ํŠนํžˆ๋…ธ์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” COPD์˜๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์˜์ •๋„๋Š”์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ธ์ž๋กœ MRC scale์„์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” FEV 1 ์ด 40% ์ดํ•˜์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „์ด๋‚˜์šฐ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „์ด์žˆ์„๋•Œ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ด๋‹ค๋ฉด์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„์ธ body mass index, air flow obstruction, dyspnea, excercise capacity index(bode index) ๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๋•Œ GOLD ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„๋”์ •ํ™•ํžˆํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค 11. 6. stage II ์ด์ƒ์˜ํ™˜์ž์—์„œํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 1) ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฐ€์—ญ์„ฑ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์—ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ฒœ์‹์„๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฐ€์žฅ์ข‹์€ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ์‚ฌ์šฉํ›„์˜ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด์‚ฌ์šฉ์ „์˜์ˆ˜์น˜๋ณด๋‹คํ™˜์ž์˜์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ์ •ํ™•ํžˆํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ์‚ฌ์šฉํ›„์˜๊ธฐ๋„ํ™•์žฅ์ •๋„๋Š” FEV 1 ์˜๊ฐ์†Œ์†๋„์™€๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ FEV 1 ์˜ํ˜ธ์ „์ด์žˆ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ๋‚˜๋ถ€์‹ ํ”ผ์งˆํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ฐ˜์‘์ด์ข‹๊ธฐ์—ํ™˜์ž์˜์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผ์ธ์—์„œํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์˜์ผ๊ฐ„์˜์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์€์•ฝ 178ml์ด๊ธฐ์—์–‘์„ฑ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ 200ml์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด์„œ 12% ์ด์ƒ๊ธฐ์ €์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ Table 4์™€๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 2) ํ‰๋ถ€ x-ray ํ‰๋ถ€ x-ray ๋Š”๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ๊ธฐํฌ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ด์žˆ์ง€์•Š์€ํ•œ COPD ์ง„๋‹จ์—๋„์›€์ด๋˜์ง€์•Š๊ณ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์งˆํ™˜์„๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€์—๋„์›€์ด๋œ๋‹ค. COPD์™€๋™๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š”์‚ฌ์ง„์˜๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” lateral chest film์—์„œํšก๊ฒฝ๋ง‰์ดํ‰ํ‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ ํ‰ 18

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 59. No. 1, Jul. 2005 Table 4. Bronchodilator reversibility testing Preparation Tests should be performed when patients are clinically stable and free from respiratory infection. Patients should not have taken inhaled short-acting bronchodilators in previous six hours, long-acting beat2 agonists in previous 12hours, or sustained-release theophyllines in previous 24hours Spirometry FEV 1 should be measured before a bronchodilator is given The bronchodilator should be given by metered dose inhaler through a spacer device or by nebulized to be certain it has been inhaled The bronchodilator dose should be selected to be high on the dose/response curve Suitable dosage protocols are 400ug beta2-agonist, 80ug anticholinergic, or the two combined. FEV 1 should be measured again 30-45minutes after the bronchodilator is given Results An increase in FEV 1 that is both greater than 200ml and 12% above the pre-bronchodilator FEV 1 is considered significant ๊ณจ๋’ค๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ฐ„ (retrosternal air space) ์˜๋Ÿ‰์ด์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”ํ๊ณผํŒฝ์ฐฝ์˜์ง•ํ›„, ํ์˜๊ณผ๋‹คํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ (hyperluce ncy), ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์Œ์˜ (vascuar marking) ์˜ rapid tapering ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ํ‰๋ถ€์ „์‚ฐํ™”๋‹จ์ธต์ดฌ์˜์€๋ชจ๋“ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œํ•„์š”๋กœํ•˜์ง€์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ๊ฐ๋ณ„์„์œ„ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์ „์‚ฐํ™”๋‹จ์ธต์ดฌ์˜ (HRCT) ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ์ œ๊ฑฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ํ์šฉ์ ๊ฐ์†Œ์ˆ ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€์™ธ๊ณผ์ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”ํ‰๋ถ€์ „์‚ฐํ™”๋‹จ์ธต์ดฌ์˜์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 3) ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฒ€์‚ฌ FEV 1 ์ด 40% ์ดํ•˜์ธ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋‚˜ํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „์ด๋‚˜์šฐ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. 8. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ์˜๋ขฐํ• ๊ฒฝ์šฐ NICE ์—์„œ๋Š” Table 6์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ์˜๋ขฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์˜๊ฐ์‹œ COPD์˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๊ฐ์‹œ์™€ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ดํก์—ฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๋…ธ์ถœ, ์งˆํ™˜์˜์ง„์ „๊ณผํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€๋‚ด๊ณผ์ ์ธ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์•…ํ™”์˜๋ณ‘๋ ฅ, ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜๋“ฑ์˜ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€๋งค๋ฒˆ๋‚ด์›์‹œ์—ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Table7๊ณผ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 4) alpha-1 antitrysin ๊ฒฐํ•๊ฒ€์‚ฌ COPD๊ฐ€ 45์„ธ์ด์ „์˜์ Š์€๋‚˜์ด์—๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ์ด์žˆ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•˜๊ณ  al pha-1 antitrysin ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ๋†๋„๊ฐ€์ •์ƒ์น˜์˜ 15-20% ์ดํ•˜์ด๋ฉด๋™์ข…์ ‘ํ•ฉ (homozygous) alpha-1 antitrysin ๊ฒฐํ•์„์˜์‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. 7. ๊ฐ๋ณ„์ง„๋‹จ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ๋ณ„์งˆํ™˜์€์ฒœ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ฒœ์‹์˜์ผ๋ถ€ํ™˜์ž๋Š”ํ˜„์žฌ์˜์˜์ƒ์ด๋‚˜์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” COPD์™€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œํ™˜์ž๋Š”ํ˜„์žฌ์˜์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”์ฒœ์‹์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์งˆํ™˜๋“ค์€ COPD์™€๊ฐ๋ณ„์ด์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค (Table 5). 1. ์งˆํ™˜์˜์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์˜๊ฐ์‹œ COPD๋Š”๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ์ ์ ˆํ•œ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด์ ์ฐจ์•…ํ™”๋ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์˜์ธก์ •์€ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์ ์ ˆํ•œ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„์œ„ํ•ด๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์ง„๋‹จํ• ๋•Œ์™€๊ฐ™์ด๋‚ด์›์‹œ๋งˆ๋‹ค์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์ฆ์ƒํŠนํžˆ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜์ฆ์ƒ์•…ํ™”๋“ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•ดํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ : ํํ™œ๋Ÿ‰์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์€ํ™˜์ž์˜ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ 1๋…„์—ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์ด์ƒ์€๋„์›€์ด๋˜์ง€์•Š์œผ๋‚˜์ฆ์ƒ์ด์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด์žˆ์„๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์šฉ์ ๊ณก์„ , ํํ™•์‚ฐ๋Šฅ, ํ์šฉ์ ์ธก์ •๋“ฑ์˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”์ง„๋‹จ์ดํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ• ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 19

KH Kang : The clinical manifestation and diagnosis of COPD Table 5. Differential diagnosis of COPD Diagnosis COPD Asthma Congestive Heart Failure Bronchiectasis Tuberculosis Obliterative Bronchiolitis Diffuse Panbronchiolitis Suggestive Features Onset in mid-life Symptoms slowly progressive Long smoking history Dyspnea during excercise Largely irreversible airflow limitation Onset early in life(often childhood) Symptoms vary from day to day Symptoms at night/early morning Allergy, rhinitis, and/or ecxema also present Family history of asthma Largely reversible airflow limitation Fine basilar crackles on auscultation Chest X-ray shows dilated heart, pulmonary edema Pulmonary function tests indicate volume restriction, not airflow limitation Large volume of purulent sputum Commonly associated with bacterial infection Coarse crackles/clubbing on auscultation Chest X-ray/CT shows bronchial dilation, bronchial wall thickening Onset all ages Chest X-ray shows lung infilterate Microbiological confirmation High local prevalence of tuberculosis Onset in younger age, nonsmokers May habe history of rheumatoid arthritis or fume exposure CT on expiration shows hypodense areas Most patients are male and smokers Almost all have chronic sinusitis Chest X-ray and HRCT show diffuse small centrilobular opacities and hyperinflation Table 6. Reasons for referral Reason There is diagnostic uncertainty Suspected severe COPD The patient requests a second opinion Onset of cor pulmonale Assessment of oxygen therapy Assessment for long-term nebulizer therapy Assessment for oral corticosteroid therapy Purpose There is diagnostic uncertainty Confirm diagnosis and optimise therapy Confirm diagnosis and optimise therapy Confirm diagnosis and optimise therapy Optimise therapy and measure blood gases Optimise therapy and exclude inappropriate prescriptions Justify need for long-term treatment or supervise withdrawal Bullous lung disease Identify candidates for surgery A rapid decline in FEV1 Encourage early intervention Assessment of pulmonary rehabilitation Idendify candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation Assessment for lung volume reducton surgery Identify candidates for surgery Assessment for lung transplantation Identify candidates for surgery Dysfunctional breathing Confirm diagnosis,optimise pharmacotherapy and access other therapists Age under 40 years or a family history of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency Uncertain diagnosis Symptoms disproportionate to lung function test Frequent infections Hemoptysis Identify alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, consider therapy and screen family Make a diagnosis Look for other explanations Exclude bronchiectasis Exclude carcinoma of the bronchus 20

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol. 59. No. 1, Jul. 2005 Table 7. Suggested questions for follow-up visits Monitor exposure to risk factors: Have you continued to stay off cigarettes? If not, how many cigarettes per day are you smoking? Would you like to quit smoking? Has there any change in your working environment? Monitor disease progression and development of complications: How much can you do before you get short of breath?(use an everyday example, such as walking up flights of stairs, up a hill, or on flat ground) Has your dyspnea worsened, improved, or stayed the same since your last visit? Have you had to reduce your activities because of dyspnea or other symptoms? Have any of your symptoms worsened since your last visit? Have you experienced any new symptoms since your last visit? Has your sleep been disrupted due to dyspnea or other symptoms? Since your last visit, have you missed any work because of your symptoms? Monitor pharmacotherapy and othe medical treatment: What medications are you taking? How often do you take each medication? How much do you take each time? Have you missed or stopped taking any regular doses of your medication for any reason? Have you had any trouble filling your prescription(e.g., for financial reasons, not on formulary)? Please show me how you use your inhaler Have you tried any other medicines or remedies? Has your medication been effective in controlling your symptoms? Has your medication caused you any problems? Monitor exacerbation history: Since your last visit, have you had any episodes/times when your symptoms were a lot worse than usual? If so, how long did the episode(s) last? What do you think caused the symptoms to get worse? What did you do to control the symptoms? ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฒ€์‚ฌ : FEV 1 ์ด 40% ์ดํ•˜์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „์ด๋‚˜์šฐ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „์—์„œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „์€์‚ฐ์†Œ์น˜๊ฐ€ 60mmHg ์ดํ•˜์ด๊ณ ํƒ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ 50mmHg ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์ดํ•˜์ธ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. pulse oximetry๋Š”์‚ฐ์†Œํฌํ™”๋„๊ฐ€ 92% ์ดํ•˜์ผ๋•Œ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  scr eening ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜ํƒ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ถ„์••์„ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”์•ฝ์ ์ด์žˆ๋‹ค. FiO 2 ๋ฅผ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ• ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 20-30๋ถ„ํ›„์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜์—ญํ•™์ธก์ • : ํ๋™๋งฅ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ํ˜ธํก๋ถ€์ „์ด์žˆ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ๋™๋งฅ์••์€ํ‰์ƒ์˜์ง„๋ฃŒ์—๋Š”์ถ”์ฒœ์ด๋˜์ง€์•Š๊ณ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ถ„์••์ด์ƒ์˜์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „๊ณผํ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์˜์ง„๋‹จ : ๊ฒฝ์ •๋งฅ์••์˜์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์˜ํ•จ๋ชฐ๋ถ€์ข…์€์‹ค์ œ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œํ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์˜๊ฐ€์žฅ์œ ์šฉํ•œ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฒฝ์ •๋งฅ์••์€ COPD์—์„œํ‰๊ณฝ๋‚ด์••์˜๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์ธก์ •์ด์šฉ์ดํ•˜์ง€์•Š๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํ•œํ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์˜์ง„๋‹จ์„์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”ํ‰๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ง„, ์‹ฌ์ „๋„, ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ, ๋™์œ„์›์†Œ์‹ ํ‹ฐ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ, MRI ๋“ฑ์ดํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋“ค๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์‹œ์ง„๋‹จ์˜์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. CT์™€ํ™˜๊ธฐ-๊ด€๋ฅ˜์Šค์บ” : ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ์•Œ์ˆ˜์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜์ด๋“ค๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋งŒ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. HRCT๋Š”๊ธฐ๋„์™€ํ์‹ค์งˆ์˜๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ดํ˜„์žฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. Hematocrit : ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ฆ (polycythemia) ๋Š”๋™๋งฅ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ์—์„œ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ณ  hematocrit๊ฐ€ 55% ์ด์ƒ์ผ๋•Œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜ธํก๊ทผ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ : ์ฃผ๋กœ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์™€ํก๊ธฐ์‹œ์˜๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์••์ด์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์œก์˜ํž˜์˜์ธก์ •์€๋ง์ดˆ๊ทผ์œก์‡ ์•ฝ์ด๋‚˜ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์ง€์•Š๋Š”ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด๋‚˜๊ณ ํƒ„์‚ฐํ˜ˆ์ฆ์˜๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„์›€์ด๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š”ํ์—ญํ•™์˜ํ˜ธ์ „์—†์ด๋„ํ˜ธํก์žฌํ™œ์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ๊ฐ™์€์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœํ˜ธ์ „์ด๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ : ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œํ•œ์ด๊ฒฝํ•œ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์ €์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด๋‚˜์šฐ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „์ด์žˆ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๋‚˜์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋ฌดํ˜ธํก์ด์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šด๋™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ : ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ 21

KH Kang : The clinical manifestation and diagnosis of COPD ์œ„ํ•ด์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋‚˜์ฃผ๋กœํ˜ธํก์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์ด์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 2. ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋‚ด๊ณผ์ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜๊ฐ์‹œ ์งˆํ™˜์ด์ง„ํ–‰ํ• ๋•Œ์ ์ ˆํ•œ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€๋งค๋ฒˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์‹œ์—ํ˜„์žฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์•ฝ์ œ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์ œ์˜์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ์•ฝ์ œ์˜์ ์ ˆํ•œ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ํก์ž…์ œ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ฆ์ƒ์„์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”ํ˜„์žฌ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋“ฑ์„๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. 3. ์•…ํ™”๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์˜๊ฐ์‹œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ๊ฒ€์ง„๋™์•ˆ์—์˜์‚ฌ๋Š”ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒํ™˜์ž์ž์‹ ์ด์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ์งˆ๋ณ‘์•…ํ™”์—๋Œ€ํ•ด์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•…ํ™”์˜๋นˆ๋„, ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์•…ํ™”์˜์›์ธ์—๋Œ€ํ•ดํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋‹ด์–‘์˜์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์˜๊ธ‰์„ฑ์•…ํ™”, ํ™”๋†์„ฑ๊ฐ๋‹ด์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์งˆํ™˜์˜์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋Š”๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ๋‚˜๋ถ€์‹ ํ”ผ์งˆํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์˜์‚ฌ์šฉ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ํ•„์š”์—๋”ฐ๋ผ์ธก์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž…์›์„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”์ž…์›๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๋ณ‘์›์˜์ข…๋ฅ˜, ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„์‚ฝ๊ด€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ๋‹ค. 4. ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜์—๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฐ์‹œ COPD๋กœ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ค‘์ธํ™˜์ž์—์„œํ์•”, ํ๊ฒฐํ•ต, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋ฌดํ˜ธํก, ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค๋ถ€์ „๋“ฑ์˜๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜์—ฌ๋ถ€์—๋Œ€ํ•ด๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์งˆํ™˜์„์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”์ ์ ˆํ•œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 1. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020. Lancet 1997;349:1498-504. 2. American Thoracic Society. Standards for diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pul monary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995: 152(Suppl):S77-S121. 3. Siafakas NM, Vermeire P, Pride NB, Paoletti P, Gibson J, Howard P, et al. Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary dis ease (COPD). Eur Resir J 1995:8:1398-420. 4. Celli BR, MacNee W. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Resir J 2004: 23:932-46. 5. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Di sease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, manage ment and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. NHLBI/ HO workshop report. No. 2701. Bethesda, National Heart, Lung and Blood Insti tute, April 2001. 6. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Di sease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, mana gement and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. NHLBI/ WHO workshop report. Bethesda, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, April 2004. Available from: www.goldcopd.com 7. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions. National clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult in primary and secondary care. Thorax 2004:59(Suppl):1-232. 8. Calverley PM. The GOLD classification has advanced understanding of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004:170:211-2. 9. Kerstjens HA. The GOLD classification has not advanced understanding of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004:170:212-3. 10. Vestbo J, Lange P. Can GOLD stage 0 provide in formation of prognostic value in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002:166:329-32. 11. Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, Casanova C, Montes de Oca M, Mendez RA, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and excercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004:350:1005-12. 22