화학적방법에의한폐석면의무해화처리연구 환경자원연구부자원순환연구과,,,,,,,,,,,, 2010
목차 i iii iv Abstract v vi Ⅰ 2 Ⅱ i
목차 Ⅲ Ⅳ ii
표목차 iii
그림목차 iv
Abstract v
요약문 m vi
요약문 vii
요약문 viii
요약문 ix
요약문 x
Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ 1
Ⅰ. 서론 2
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 Ⅱ. 3
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 Source : Fubini and Ostero (1999) < 그림 1> Structure of chrysotile asbestos. ~ 4
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법. < 표 1> 석면사용이금지된국가들 Argentina Denmark Ireland Mongolia Seychelles Australia Egypt Israel Mozambique Slovakia Austria Estonia Italy Netherlands Slovenia Bahrain Finland Japan New Caledonia South Africa Belgium France Jordan Norway Spain Brunei Gabon Korea (South) Oman Sweden Bulgaria Germany Kuwait Poland Switzerland Chile Greece Latvia Portugal United Kingdom Croatia Honduras Lithuania Qatar Uruguay Cyprus Hungary Luxembourg Romania Czech Republic Iceland Malta Saudi Arabia Source: http://ibasecretariat.org/alpha_ban_list.php Note: Singapore and Taiwan have been removed from the ban list (Oct 2010). Although no further use of asbestos is anticipated in these two countries we have no hard evidence that comprehensive formal bans exist in either Singapore or Taiwan.. ( ) 5
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법. 6
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 < 표 2> 주요국가간석면함유폐기물의관리체계비교 / EU, 2, 2 2, Manifest bag, PE 2 / 2,,,,,,, 1% > 0.1% > 0.1% >,,, 0.1% > Source: 환경부, 2010 석면정책세미나 (2010); 국립환경과학원 (2006) 0.1% > 1% >. 7
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법. 8
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 9
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 < 표 3> XRD 측정및분석조건 D/MAX RINT 2200-Ultima+ RIGAKU Co., Japan X-ray CuKa X-ray tube 40 kv, 20 ma 5~75 o 0.02 2 o /min JCPDS PDF-2 10
Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 < 표 4> SEM/EDS 측정분석조건 SEM SS-550, Shimadzu Co. Ltd., Japan 200 ~ 100,000 (* 20 ~ 300,000) EDX 20 kv (*0.5~30 kv) 17 mm 2,000 or above *: 기기의검출가능영역 11
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 Ⅲ. < 표 5> ACS의삼성분분석 초기무게 수분함량 강열분함량 회분함량 (g) 20.420 19.480 15.767 16.254 wt.% 100 4.6 15.8 79.6 12
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 백석면디지털이미지사진 백석면 이미지 디지털이미지 내백석면 이미지 < 그림 2> Morphological images of the Chrysotile and ACS (left: digital images, right: SEM images) < 그림 3> Chemical compositions of pure chrysotile and ACS (wt. %) 13
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 < 그림 4> XRD patterns of untreated chrysotile asbestos and asbestos-cement sheet (ACS); in the figures, C denotes "chrysotile", L and H indicate "calcite(caco 3)" and "calcium-silicate (C-S-H)", respectively. θ θ 14
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰.. 15
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 16
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 < 그림 5> XRD patterns of the below-0.5mm ACS treated by H 3PO 4-digestion only < 그림 6> XRD patterns of the below-0.5mm ACS treated by HF-digestion only 17
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 < 그림 7> XRD patterns of the below-0.5mm ACS treated by H 2 SO 4 -digestion only < 그림 8> XRD patterns of below-0.5mm ACS treated by various acid-mixtures 18
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰. < 그림 9> PLM images: Chrysotile asbestos fiber observed in sulfuric acid-digested waste slates at 100 o C low-temperature for 24 hours (left: tested 0.5-2 mm slate, right: 2-5 mm slate). 19
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 < 그림 10> Comparisons of mechanical mixing effect (no mixing versus mixing at 200 rpm) 20
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰. < 표 6> Molar extraction rate of magnesium per unit time depending on the experimental temperatures (50, 70, 100 o C) (min) (extraction rate, mole/l-min) 50 o C 70 o C 100 o C 10 9.78E-05 3.17E-04 2.01E-03 20 6.49E-05 1.57E-04 1.10E-03 30 5.87E-05 1.97E-04 9.10E-04 40 6.24E-05 2.50E-04 6.64E-04 50 1.13E-04 2.89E-04 5.22E-04 21
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 < 그림 11> PLM images of pure chrysotile and ACS treated 5N sulfuric acid+low temperature heating at 100 o C. 22
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 23
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 < 그림 12> Concentration of elemental species extracted from chrysotile asbestos 24
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰.. 25
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 < 표 7> Concentration of metal species in waste sulfuric acid Species Wavelength (nm) Concentration (mg/l) Ag 338.289 ND As 193.695 0.80 Ba 455.403 ND Be 313.107 ND Ca 317.933 ND Cd 228.802 ND Co 238.892 0.43 Cr 267.716 ND Cu 223.008 1.36 Fe 259.940 5.66 Hg 194.163 ND Mg 280.270 ND Mn 254.610 ND Ni 216.556 ND Pb 261.418 ND Sb 206.833 ND Se 196.090 3.01 Si 252.412 ND Sn 189.989 38.3 Ti 323.904 ND V 311.838 ND Zn 213.856 0.262 ND: not detected 26
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰 < 그림 13> XRD pattern of below-0.5 mm ACS treated by 5N waste sulfuric acid-digestion with low temperature (100 o C) heating for 24 hours. 27
Ⅲ. 연구결과및고찰, 0,. 28
Ⅳ. 결론 Ⅳ. 29
Ⅳ. 결론.... 30
Ⅳ. 결론 ( ),. 31
참고문헌 32
참고문헌 R 33
부록 < 그림 A1> ACS 시료의분쇄후크기별비교 ( 좌 / 중 / 우 : 0.5mm 이하 /0.5-2mm/2-5mm) 5N H 3PO 4-digestion only 1N HF-digestion only 5N H 2SO 4-digestion only 5N Waste H 2SO 4-digestion only < 그림 A2> PLM images: Chrysotile asbestos fiber observed in various acids-digested slates 34
부록 SEM (left, x2000) and EDS (right) images of treated pure chrysotile; After 5N H 2SO 4 digestion+100 o C heating for 24 hours SEM (left, x2000) and EDS (right) images of treated ACS: After 5N H 2SO 4 digestion+100 o C heating for 24 hours < 그림 A4> SEM/EDS of chrysotile and ACS treated 5N sulfuric acid+low temperature heating at 100 o C 35
부록 < 그림 A5> Changes of digital images of pure chrysotile and ACS treated 5N sulfuric acid+low temperature heating at 100 o C < 표 A1> Amount of waste sulfuric acid discharged in 2008 연도배출형태발생량 톤 고상 액상 기타 Source : Allbaro 2009 *: + 36
부록 37
부록 38