2001-13 2 0 0 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
I. 1 1. 1 2. 3 II. 5 1. 5 1) 5 2) 7 ) 1 (1998. 10. 20) 7 ) 2 (1999. 9. 10) 8 ) 3 (2000. 6. 27) 8 ) 3 9 2. 9 1) 10 2) 17 ) 17 ) 29 ) 32 ) 35 3) 37. 39 1. 39 1) 39 2) - 4 7 2. 57 1) 57 2) 6 1 3. 62 - i -
4. 67 1) 68 2) 7 1 3) 72 4) ( ) 73 5) 75 6) 76 7) 77. 8 3 1. 8 3 2. 8 6 3. 8 9 1) 8 9 2) 92 3) 96 ) 96 ) 98 ) 99 ),, 100 4) 103 4. 105. 109 1. 109 2. 116. 127 129 A BS T RACT 13 1 - ii -
< 1-1> ( ) 2 < 2-1> 10 17 < 2-2> ( ) 23 < 2-3> 28 < 2-4> 30 < 2-5> 32 < 2-6> 34 < 2-7> 36 < 2-8> 37 < 3-1> ( ) (2000 ) 4 0 < 3-2> - 4 6 < 3-3> 48 < 3-4> 1999 2000 50 < 3-5> 2000 50 < 3-6> 52 < 3-7> 52 < 3-8> 53 < 3-9> 64 < 3-10> ( ) 68 < 3-11> (1999) 70 < 3-12> 74 < 3-13> 75 < 3-14> 8 1 < 4-1> 8 5 < 5-1> 111 < 5-2> 119 < 5-3> ( ) 124 - iii -
< 2-1> 13 < 2-2> ( ) 18 < 2-3> 1 20 < 2-4> 198 0 2 1 < 2-5> 22 < 2-6> 3 1 < 2-7> 33 < 2-8> 35 < 2-9> 37 < 5-1> 116 < 5-2> 117 < 5-3> (Ro a d Ma p) 12 1 < 5-4> 122 - iv -
..,...,...,,.,,...,,,. - v -
...,.,,.,,..... - v i -
I. 1. 1998 10 20 1 1999 9 10 2, 2000 6 27 3. 18,,,,, ( 1-1). 2001 7 12. 2001 4......,.. / 1
< 1-1> ( ) 4 (,,, ) * 12 15 18 1 (18 ) 2 3 3 1, 2, 3 ( ) 2000 ( ) 2 3 3 (, 3, ) 3 (P C, **, ),,, 3, ( ) 1 * (13 ), (FIAPF) ( 60 ) 70. ** : ( ) (, ) ( ) 1 2,, 64 / 2
2...,...,....,,..,.. / 3
II. 1. 1),.,.. 1998 4 17.. 1993, 1994. 1998 1998... / 5
..,,...... 1980.,. / 6
,..,,,..,,. 2) ) 1 (1998. 10. 20) 1998 10 20 1. 1. 4 (,,, ),.... / 7
) 2 (1999. 9. 10) 1 1 1 2. 2 1,. 4 70. 1. 2,000,,,.,,,,,. ) 3 (2000. 6. 27) 2000 6 27 3. 18.,,,.,,. 1, 2 3 / 8
. ) 3 3 2002. 2002.,, 2001.. 2001 2000 3.. 2. 3. / 9
... 1) (1998), (2000). (1998) (2000) 2...,. (difference) (uncovered consumers)., / 10
., Hotelling(1929) (horizontal product differentiation)., (uncovered market).. (visual rock)..... A B C.. (market expansion), (business stealing).., / 1 1
.. ( ),.. C A B. A B (, local monopoly) (turf) C A B. C.,. A B, A B. A 100 1,000 A 10% 2,000 A 100 5%. Hotelling Salop(1979) ( ) (circular city model) ( 2-1). / 12
< 2-1>., a b. b c. a c b+c(>2a+b).,... M. i M j j. j, / 13
M-1 i j. Ui0 i t j Uijt Uijt. Uijt = f(xjt, it, t) Xjt j it i. t. Uijt j i,. f. i yijt j 1, 0. i t. yijt = 1 if Uijt =supremum(uikt and Ui0, k=1,, M) yijt = 0 ( ) (discrete choice model) t Nt j Yjt. 1[ ] [ ] 1 / 14
(index function).. Yjt. Yjt = g(mjt, Zt). M+1 Nt. 1,, M. j. qjt = ms(pjt, p-jt, jt, -jt, t) Q(Pt, Zt, t) ms (market share) (pjt), (p-jt), ( jt), ( -jt), ( t). Q (Pt), (Zt), ( t).... ms Q. j M+1. / 15
qjt = ms Q( ) + ms( ) Q ( ). msjt = 1+ 2pjt+ 3p-jt+ 4 jt+ 5 -jt+ 6 t+ jt Qt = 1+ 2Pt+ 3Zt+ 4 t+ t, (, coefficient) jt t (error term). jt t (, classical assumptions).,.,.. (simulation).. / 16
2) ) 2001 9 30 51. 1998 2 1999 4, 2000 24, 2001 9 30 21. 1 2 < >, < >, < > 10. 3. 2 3.. 10 ( 2-1). < 2-1> 10 (200 1. 9. 30. ) ( ) 1999. 11. 20. 670,000 2000. 02. 04. 226,000 2000. 02. 19. 236,500 2000. 04. 01. 150,000 4 2000. 04. 08. 142,000 2000. 05. 13. 265,000 2000. 07. 22. 289,000 2 2000. 07. 29. 126,000 2000. 12. 02. 141,900-2000. 12. 23. 186,800 2001. 07. 28. 128,900 : / 17
10 2 2000, 3 10 < > < >... 1998 0.4% 1999 3.1% 2000 7.9% 2001 9 30 1.9% ( 2-2). < 2-2> ( ) : 200 1 9 30. :,, 1999 / 18
.. 1990. 1996 4 2 1 1 0.9. 1997. 1997 12.6%. 1998 IMF 5.6%, 1999 9.0%, 2000 12.7% 6,169 1979 6,552 21 6,000. 4. 2001 3/4, 2001 9 30 2001 19.9%. < 2-3> 1961 2000 1. / 19
< 2-3> 1 :,, < 2-3> 1961. 1980 1997 ( 2-4). / 20
< 2-4> 1980 :,, 1980 1996.. ( 2-5). 2000 35.5%., 2000 6,169 2,189 3,980. 2001 3/4 2001 9 30 39.9%. 1982 51.3% 1987 / 2 1
20% 1992 1993 18.5% 15.9% 40%. < 2-5> 1980. < 2-5> : 2001 9 30. :,,, 2001 3/4, 200 1.. 2000 64.5%.. / 22
. < 2-2> ( ) ( ) ( ) 60 58 106-107 331 1997 (%) 21,4 49.5 15.2-13.9 100 43 68 103 2 71 287 1998 (%) 21.3 53.0 19.4 0.4 5.9 100 42 71 94 4 64 275 1999 (%) 35.7 46.7 9.6 3.1 4.9 100 58 74 93 25 80 330 2000 (%) 32.0 36.2 18.8 7.4 5.6 100 2001 35 47 57 21 38 198 3/ 4 (%) 39.9 31.2 20.8 1.9 6.2 100 :, 2001 3/4, 2001. < 2-2> 1999 60% 50%. 1999 50% 2000 2001 30%.,. / 2 3
,.... Blanco Pino(1997) (1998), (1999.3). 1998. 1998..... 1998.. (1998), (1999. 3) Blanco Pino(1997) 1. Qt / 24
1.. 9. (Pt).....,. Pt. (1998), (1999.3) (-). 1 (personal disposable income: It), TV (TVt), VCR (Vt). 1995 TV (dummy) (CATV). 1988 1988 1 (DIRECT) (T). (SCRt). (1999. 3). (1999. 3). / 2 5
. (+). 1998 4 CGV11... (multicollinearity)..... MPAA 8 15 2000 8.,,. 1998 1998 1 (YEAR) / 26
.. 1998,,., (empirically indistinguishable)..,,.,.. Qt = 1+ 2T+ 3Pt+ 4It+ 5TVt+ 6Vt+ 7CATV + 8DIRECT+ 9SCRt+ 10YEAR+ t < 2-3>. / 2 7
< 2-3> t p 1.759 0.642 0.521 0.001 0.664 0.503-0.584-3.158 **0.002 1.266 2.041 **0.037 T V -0.001-1.923 *0.055 V C R -0.001-1.951 *0.051 CATV 0.017 1.028 0.304 0.059 2.333 **0.020 0.213 2.758 **0.006 1998 0.079 3.523 **0.000 Adju sted R2 0.572 : ** 5%, * 10 % 0 p. (1999. 3). R2 (1999. 3) 0.509 0.572. 1998., (1999. 3). 0.079 5%., 7.9%.,, (empirically indistinguishable) / 28
7.9%... < >, < >.. < >. ) 1, 2 3.. 3, 3,.. 3 2000 6 1999 3 90%.. 3. 1999 1998 / 2 9
1 3 9 128%. 1998 IMF 1997 2000 3. CD < 2-4>. < 2-4> ( : ) 96 97 98 99 2000 2001. 6 44 14 6-10 - 5 2 16-9 9 CD 35 1,780 175 1,264 129 1,972 312 1,977 583 5,903 198 4,326 79 1,794 181 1,264 139 1,972 317 1,979 599 5,903 207 4,335 : < 2-4> 2000. 59 1999 20. 2001 43. 3. IMF., 3, / 30
. IMF 1997 4,160 1998 3,530 1999 3,800, 2000 4,104 ( 2-6). < 2-6> :. 2000 75% 1999 74%, 1998 71%. 1998 24%, 1999 22% 2000 20% 4 5%. 2000, 3, / 3 1
( 2-5). < 2-5> 1998 1999 2000 71% 74% 75% 24 % 22% 20% 5% 4% 5% : 2.. 2 3. ) 3,,... 2000 273 1999 110 151%. / 32
( 2-7). 193 1999 141 36% < 2-7> :, 2000 65% 177 19% 53, 6% 16, 5% 4% 14 12. 3 35% 95 ( 2-6). / 3 3
< 2-6> ( : ) 0 128 3 0 142 231 1 23 17 1,381 0 140 1,774 534 117 0 163 0 0 3 : 3. IMF 1998 1999 IMF 2000.. IMF 1997 3 167 1998 2 4,275 2000 3 9,426 ( 2-8). / 34
< 2-8> : ) 3. 3 PC,,... < 2-7>. 3. / 3 5
< 2-7> ( : ) 1 ( 98. 11 99. 9: 11 ) 2 ( 99. 10 00. 6: 9 ) 3 ( 00. 7 01. 6: 12 ) 9,569 869-25,032 2,275-26,242 2,915 335 33,218 3,690 162 13,905 1,158-133 23,295 1,941-85 :. 1999,,... 2000 7 4 1999 3 2 130% ( 2-9). 1997 22.9% 2000 4.8% ( 2-8). / 36
< 2-9> : :, 200 1, 200 1. < 2-8> 1997 1998 1999 2000 22.9% 12.6% 11.1% 4.8% :. : 3) 3,,,.. / 3 7
... / 38
. 1. 1) 1999.. 1998 12, ' ' 87%, ' ' 5%,. (www.sorifu.go.jp) 1999 9 10 2000 1 < >, (48.3%) 1988 11 (46.9%).,., ( ). / 3 9
(< >, 2000 5 ). 2002 ( 3-1). < ( )> 2000 110 47 (2000 8 17 )., 27 ( 17 ), 16 ( 7 ), ( / / / ) 23 ( 5 ), 6,, 16., 1999 128 12% 200 2 185.. < 3-1> ( ) (2000 ) 16 27 23 6 & 16 10 ( 2000 ) 1999 120 2000 200 : <Korea Fan>, <Korea Beat>, <Hot Cherry Paper> : <Enjoy Korean Enterainment> 1999 500 2000 700 2001 1200 130 (2002 ) / 40
1999 <C-JAPAN> < >, <J- BOOK> <ANAN>, < > <! >.,. <Korean Fan>, <Korean Beat>, <Hot Cherry Paper> 1999 10 ( ),, (, ),,. Enjoy Korean Entertainment, TV,,. < >. 2000 1 50 137 14. 1 < >., < > < > / 4 1
.., 3...? ( ). ) ( ) (creative),. (know-how) (IT) (CT).. / 42
... TV,. ( )., < >, TV < > < > TV < >,., TV., TV,.. (animation). < > < >, (Identity). IT / 4 3
,. 1990 TV,. 1997 50 1999 500, 21 2000 700 10, TV 1995 5 2000 1.,,,...., ( ),,, ( 3-2 ),, 2000 2. 2000 9 2002 / 44
.,. 1998, 94 212 45%,,, 4, 130 2 2 4. < > < JSA>.. 200, TV. TV 2001 9 21 < >. TV 2002 1998 < >,,, JSA,. MBC TBS 4 < >.,,, 2002 2 / 4 5
.. < 3-2> - 1) 1999 5 2) 2000 7 3) 2001 *< >(, &AFDF ) *< >(,, & ) *< >(, ) 1) 1998 * -COEX - 1999 11 2) 2000 11 30 12 4 * 2000-3) 2001 11 15 19 * 2001- INTEX 2001 12 2,,, &, -,, Y2K, 2000 2000 9 14 17 < > 1) 2000 1 6 16 2) 2001 3 4 *, *,,, < > 2000 12 31 NHK( ) NHK 2001 4 1 1) 2000 7 9 *,, 2) 2000 9 11 *,, 360 K ' 2001 6 * Skyaperfec YV M Net TV 2001 9 21 * < > 2 ( TV) 2002 *2002 - KOMPI& PROMIC 2002 *,,,,,, GOD / 46
,,,,,.. ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ). 2) 2002,,,,,. 1998.,,.,. (1998) / 4 7
2-3%, 40-100, 0.5%., 1997 80% 2000 77%, 1998 0.1% 2000 0.45%( 15 /550 ) 10 70 80 10%.< 3-3> 21 2000 1 22 < >. < >. 1999 2001 12 50, 30. < >. < 3-3> 19 98 19 99 2 0 00 9 1 1 3 1 3 5 77.3% 77. 1% 77% 12.6% 11.7% - 0.8% 2.7% - 3.0% 2.3% - / 48
19 98 19 99 2 0 00 1.5% 1.3% - 1.2% 1.0% - 0. 1% 0.25% 0.45% 609 563 550 307 298 362 1934 1828 1708 : HVC,, 2000, 1999 5 29 99. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 10,. (2001), 1998 10 (all rights), 2000 20 26, 530 25 ( 80%). < 3-4> 1999 2000. 3 2000 < >.. / 4 9
< 3-4> 1999 2000 1999 6. 5. 8 ( ) ( 2 ) 10. 2. ( ) 1.12. 1.22. 2.26. 4. 5.27. 9. 2. 2000 10.21. ( 14 ) 10.28. 11. 3. 11. 3. 11. 4. 11.11. 11.11. 12. 9. ( ) (Swri/ ) ( ) ( ) (Quiet family) ( ) (Papermint Candy) ( ) ( ) (greenfish) ( / ) ( ) (Spring in Hometown) ( ) 2000 / FRAP : / www.kofic.or.kr < 3-5> 2000 NO (, ) ( ) 1 (, 1998) 1.12. (82,52) 4 2 (, 1999) 1.22. 3(374) - 3 (, 1998) 2.26. (82,52) 2 4 (, 2000) 5. 7. BOX - 5 (, 1998) 5.27. (132,129) 5 6 (, 1997) 9. 2. 1(64) 10 7 (, 1999) 10.21. / (162) - 8 (, 1994) 10.28. (159) 6 9 (, 1999) 11. 3. 3(374) - / 50
NO (, ) ( ) 10 (, 1997) 11. 3. 3/ (209) - 11 (, 1998) 11. 4. (104) 4 12 (, 1998) 11.11. 1(133,84) - 13 (, 1998) 11.11. (159) 4 14 (, 2000) 12. 9. (159) 10 < >., < > 130, < > 10, < > 70, < > 50, < > 50, < JSA> 200 2000 550. 1999 150. < > 2000 10 CINE KOREA< > 2001 :, < > Korean Cine Club.. < 3-6>, 20 30, < 3-7> 40 50%, 60% 30 40 20 30%. / 5 1
20 30. < 3-6> 10 20 30-80% 20% - 70% 30% 30% 40% 30% 40% 50% 10% : < 3-7> 10 20 30 40 37.2% 84.3 64.4 36.4 15.3 34.3% 37.4 40.7 37.3 33.5 32.2% 50.4 47.0 35.5 24.4 23.6% 49.6 41.1 18.2 13.6 22.5% 3.5 39.0 18.2 9.1 ( ) 0.8% 0.9 1.7 0.5 - :, 2000 3,,. < 3-8>. / 52
< 3-8> & &,,,, < >, <JSA>, <8,,,, >, < > SES, BOA, TOYA,, <Meguriau Sekai>, <reach out>,,,, (SES), <ID:peaceB>( ), <Are You---?>(TOYA),,, < < >, > >, < /COOKIN>,, < KISS>, < >, < >(2001 9 ), < >(2002 2 ),,,, PMC ( ) < >( : COOKIN). 1999 8 2000 1, 80%. SES 1998 6 (Meguriau sekai, I'm Your Girl, Yumero kasanete ), 2 (<Reach out> 2001 3 ), SM 10 BOA <ID : Peace B> <Amazing Kiss>(2001 7 ), <ID : Peace B>(2000 8 ) <Don't start now>(2001 3 ). HOT,, BOA / 5 3
,,.,.. CJ. CJ (AMUSE) 1.. NHK 1 5 < >, < > < >. ( )?. / 54
. 1990..,..,, (1998),.,.., / 5 5
. (imagologie industry) 1). < > < JSA>.,, 180. Enjoy Korean Entertainment..,. ( ). < > < ( )>, ( ),, 1), 20, 2 1. / 56
.,,,,,,,.,..,.,. 2. 1) 2000, 1997 8% 20%, 1997 63% 42%. 1999 10 57% ' '. / 5 7
1996 15% 1999 48%, 2000 51.4%., 2002,. 2000, 2001, 2001. 1., (< > 2001 7 13 ). 3,. 1998 2000 3,. 2001 5 <Newsweek> - / 58
. <Newsweek> (2001 4 ). HOT, < > < JSA>, (Korea envy syndrome).,,,.,,,.,, N. 1960 70 ( ) 1970-1980 ( ) ( ), 1990. < > < > (sub-culture) (otaku) 2) / 5 9
(ambivalence complex).,, N.., 21. 21. 2) Otacu ' 1983 < > 6 ( ), 1989 < > 9 10 PC. < > ( :. prosumer ' prosumer producer consumer ), 2 1. (sub-culture). / 60
2) 1980 1990 10 ( ) 21... - :, ( ) -AVEX :.. AMUSE :,. / 6 1
.. - (MPAJ) :..,.., ( ). 3. 1990 ( ), / 62
. 1998..,., ( ),.. 3 (PROMIC)., ASMUSE, OMEGA Entertainment (STARMAX).,, / 6 3
. (Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture) 1968 (Agency for Cultural Affairs),,,, ( 70%), 30%. 2000 5 8,837 6.9%, 819 (1998 ) 1.4%, 0.11%.,, < 3-9>. < 3-9> : : (3,1,900 ) : (500 ) :,, ( ), (,, ) (, ) (IPA) IPA : ( ) : ( ) ( : 7 2,100 ) / 64
( ) ART PLAN 21 21,, :,,,, : : ( ) : 2000 (1,400 ) (1,100 ) (700 ) : HVC,, 1999, 2000.,,,. 1., 1990 3 500 100. 500 100 600, : 1 1,000 2,000 / 6 5
: 1 500 750 : 1 1,250., 21 1998. 21,,,,,, 6.,, 1999 1,,,., 3., 1997 15 8,,,,,.. / 66
,. 4.. (2000), 1999 500 (60 ),,,, 200 ( 20 ) 17 (2 ) 10. 2000 2,310, 1,600, 5, 6, 1 250. < 3-10>,,. 2000 10. / 6 7
< 3-10> ( ) 1990 (86 90 ) 2000 (91 2000 ) ( : ) 2015 (2001 15 ) 40245(8.1%) 70354(5.7%) 90933(8.5%) 216877(7.8%) 346724(9.3) 11148 24305 60993 1719(-2.1%) 3490(7.5%) 438(10.7%) 5501(17.5%) 2310(3.0%) 3109(2.0%) 6865(7.0%) 16453(6.0%) 662(7.0%) 2065(6.0%) 14268(10.0%) 39366(7.0%) 8968 19027 64751 5420(8.7%) 3440(4.2%) 108(-%) 10662(7.0%) 5603(5.0%) 2762(38.2%) 25552(6.0%) 10091(4.0%) 29108(17.0%) 20129 47207 118817 19042(7.3%) 45069(9.0%) 113692(6.4%) TV/CM 1087(11.1%) 2138(7.0) 5125(6.0%) 0(-%) 393(-%) 102161(44.9%) 20820(-%) 67577(12.5%) 21436(8.0%) 61065(-%) 137931(8.5%) 158510(10.0%) 431243(7.9%) 553454(8.7%) HVC,, 1996. 1), 2000 2,524, 282 ( 101 ), 362, 1 3 5 39 1708 (17, 3 ). 543, 1165 / 68
32% : 68%., 1999 85 5258, 2000 113 52 5953 750 6. 1999 1,828 ( 18 ) 75 4 1, 3 5 (3 ) 6. 3,, 57 20% 225. UIP,, 20, 81 22%. (2001 6 ) 47, 326. 1 6, 1 20, 10 7. 2000 7.4%( 200 ), 100, 200. 15 18 10% ( 320 ). 10%. < >, < > 7, 9, < > < > 5, 4. / 6 9
< 3-11> (1999) 1996 ( ) 1997 1998 1999 2000 473 97.9 445 427 337 310 649 100.9 656 647 693 647 706 108.6 783 919 1,191 1,567 ( ) 1,828 102.9 1,884 1,993 2,221 2,524 59 92.2 78 65 66 57 219 97.3 200 184 204 225 320 99.7 333 306 298 362 ( ) 598 98.0 611 555 568 644 119,57 5 1488 1,245 94.1 94.3 100.2 140,719 1771 1,259 153,102 1935 1,264 144,762 1828 1,263 135,390 1708 1262 230 90.8 325 263 264-403 935 459 609 563-633 92.5 785 873 82,7 - :,, 2000. 1999 70 < > < >(22 ), < >(40 ), <Shall we dance?>(26 ), <SF >(23 ). 1 < > 6 500, < > 3, < > 3, < > 8. < > 130, < > 10, < > 70, < > 50, < > 50 2000 250. 200 < JSA> / 70
2000 550. 10 10% ( 1700 10% 170 ( 1700 =1 3 ) 200 (1 5 ),. 2) 2000 4500 ( DVD 30% ), 5800 3000. 1999 2,508 ( 2 5 ) 2,500 10., CD, DVD, 1,070 (43.2%), 1,214 (49.1%). DVD 1999 3 5, 2000 3 5 DVD 302 ( 3000 ) 12%., 1999 1998 5,774 1 4768 3,048, CD 525, DVD 955, 240. 3, 50%. 6, 1 5. 2000 / 7 1
45 ( 5% ) 115, TV, 100, 250 ( 10%). 1998 < > 3 5, < >(1999 ) 5, 2000 < > < > 3 2000 2 3. B. 15 18 2000 50 100, 15% ( 500 ).. 3) 1500, 30, 270. 250, 2500. 2500. < > < > / 72
3. < >( 2 5 ), < >(20 ), < >(7 ) 3. TV OVA( ) 1. 90%, 15 18 ( ) ', 60%,.,,,. 4) ( ), CD( ) 5000, 800, 4 8, 1 7,300, 2000, 3000. 70% 1%, 17%, 11%, 2%. 2, 1. / 73
< 3-12> ( :, %) / 1997 1998 1999 2000 5,670 5,878 5,512 5,238 CD 1,038 954 540 977 CD 4,631 4,924 4,972 4,264 45,713 45,717 42,375 41,405 73% : 27% 77% : 23% 83% : 17% - :, 2000, www.riaj.or.jp 3% 120, 500 (CD 5 ) 10% 50, 3 5. 50,, ( ) 5 9000 500 600, 250 100 15%. 800, 100 ( 1000 ) / 74
, 5% 40 ( 400 ). < 3-13> ( :, %) 1997 1998 1999 925.2 707.9 793.6 (%) 100 100 100 50.5 52.2 47.2% 8.5 9.3 20.1% 7.6 8.3 6.7% 6.6 7.2 6.4% 2.5 3.2 2.9% 2.1 2.4 2.3% 0.5 0.7 0.7% : World Trade Atlas, 1999. 5) 5500, 7000, PC 150 1 2, (SEC),, 3. 1200. 1 8, PC 1000, 300, 50 25%.. 3 / 75
,, 1 10% 100. PC. 6) 2 7000, 1500 3 ( 30 ). 1 6,000, 1 45, ( ) 9,500, 8, 4, 3,000, TV 2,500, 2,300, 1,500,,,. 2000 127 TV, BS, 200. (Key Station). NHK 5,, TV(NTV), (TBS), TV, TV, TV. 4 300, TV 800, NHK 1 1,500,, 900. TV,. TV / 76
1500 500 ( 60 ). 1 ( 120 ) 1. TV 1999 (718 ) 70%, 41%, 13.5%, 8.4%, 5.0%, 4.9%. TV 40%, < >, < >, < >. 7),,,,, 500 60., 10% 5 ( 5000 ). 6. / 7 7
,. ( ),,,. SES,,,,. 1970, 1980, 1990 ( ) R&B. 1990 10,, MP3.. (Give &Take),. 1990 10,,,. 1990. 21 IT CT / 78
,..,. (Niche Market). 70%, 15% 10%,, 0.5% 5%, ( ),. 2D, 3D.. 200,. / 79
,,,,,.,.,.....,,,,,,,. ( ). 21. / 80
,.,., < 3-14>. < 3-14> & ( ) &, & B, DVD( ) OVA AV, / 8 1
( ) & AV PC CD-ROM ( ) CG DVD-ROM TV, DBS, CS, ( ) CATV, TV (CATV) CATV TV (DBS) CATV (ISDN) CS-,, 21, B-ISDN TV CG, (OAV) / 82
. 5, (in-depth interview intensive interview). 1. (qualitative research method) (, subjective),. (a description or analysis of a phenomenon that does not depend on the measurement of variables) (Wimmer & Dominick, 1997: 84), (quantitative research method) (McQuail, 2000: 51). Wimmer Dominick(1997: 83 84)., (reality). (objective).., (subjective). (component parts) (holistic), / 8 3
., (individual).,., (cannot be pigeonholed)., (general law).... (sample).. ( ) (customized to individual respondents). (small sample size) (sampling) (random) (purposive sampling).. / 84
. 1,. 1. (snowball sampling technique) (Frey, 1991). 42 < 4-1>. < 4-1>,,,,,,,,, MBC,, MBC, KBS,, TV, Q,, ( ), MBC, SBS, MBC,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, / 8 5
2. (interview guide).. ( ). 1.?.. 2.? 3..? 4. ( ).. 5. / 86
.. * : * : * ( ): * : * : * : * : * : * : * ( ): * : *, : * : / 8 7
6.. 7. 18,,,,,. ( )?. 8.. ( ). 9.. 10.,,. 11.. 12.. / 88
3....,,,,.,,,. 1)?...? ( ).. / 8 9
.......... / 90
.... ( )......... / 9 1
2)?....,,....... / 92
.. (, 1998: 526).,.....,. (, 1998: 521 523).... / 9 3
. 10 20.. 1.....,,.. 90% PC., / 94
.,....... 2. 2.. / 9 5
3).,,,... ).,... 2-3.. 50% / 96
..... ( ),...,.,,.. / 9 7
......... ).,. / 98
... ( )... ). 35-40%. 8 8,000.. / 9 9
.....,, 80%. ),,... 5 80% / 10 0
... (1999) 30% - -.,,,,,. 50 5,000. DVD 18,500 3,500.... / 10 1
.,,......,.... WTO.. / 10 2
.,... 4) 18,,,,,. ( )?.... NHK.. / 103
.......? 2002. ( )...,. 2-3. 2. / 10 4
...,.,.,,... 4.... / 105
..,.,,,.. (customizing).. (,, ).... / 10 6
..,,..,,,.,... 2002.,.,,. / 10 7
. 1.. ( ). 3... 1998..,. ' '. CT(Culture Technology) BT, ET, NT, IT / 109
. 1998 4 2002......,,.., TV,...... / 110
.,,,... 1998 17 1999 187, 2000 527. 10 1998 1999 < > 4, 2000 < JSA> 10 ( 5-1). < 5-1> 1998 1999 2000 13 11 20 $170,000 $1,875,711 $5,279,395 $13,076 $170,519 $263,970 10 0 4 10 :,,, / 1 11
. 6 10....,,..,..,,. / 112
.,,,..,...,.... (professional).,., / 1 13
......... /. / /.,. / 114
.... 9000.. (externalities).,,.. < 5-1>,. /.,,. / 1 15
< 5-1> :, 2001 3/4, 200 1. 2. 2002.. 2000 3. 3. / 116
.. 2000 73.9%. 60.5% 16.8%... 2000 1.5%. 30% ( 5-2). < 5-2> :, 200 1, 200 1. / 1 17
... X-box. (2000) ( 5-2).., 2 3% 2% 8 10% 15%, 10%... / 118
< 5-2> 2 3% 2% 8 10% 5 6% 5% 15% 5 8% 6% 10% : :,, 2000.. 3.. 6 10..,,.,. / 1 19
.... 21,. Global Major.,, 3. Local Minor Global Major.. 2003 2005 Global Minor, Asian Major. Local Major. Local Minor. / 12 0
< 5-3> (Road Map),,.. (diseconomies of scale)... (1999. 12) < 5-4>. / 12 1
< 5-4> :,,, 1999.,....,.. / 122
.?.....,...,...,..... (Market), (Consumer), (Competition) / 123
.. (2001) 2000 28% 2.8% 2.4%.,, 2050 15% 7.4% 77%. 3 1999 33%, 2050 ( 5-3). < 5-3> ( ) 1999 4,021 1,136 112 80 2000 4,147 1,169 117 99 2005 4,548 1,228 149 189 2010 4,979 1,291 187 394 2015 5,459 1,346 232 669 2020 5,958 1,381 287 1,081 2025 6,512 1,416 344 1,591 2030 7,108 1,451 410 2,339 2035 7,768 1,473 487 3,180 / 124
( ) 204 0 8,455 1,493 573 4,3 12 204 5 9,192 1,512 653 5,763 2050 9,982 1,528 740 7,690 :,,, 2001.... 3.... 3.,..,,.. / 125
.,,,....,.,,.,,.... / 127
/ 128.
, 2001, 2001.,,,, 1999.,,, 1999.,,, 2001.,,, 1998.,,., 2001, 2001., 2001 3/4, 2001.,,, 2000.,,,, 1998.,,, 1999.,,, 2000.,,, 1998.,,,, 1998.,,, 2000. Blanco and Pino, Cinema Demand in Spain: A Cointegration Analysis, 1997. Dominic, J. R., The Dynamics of Mass Communication, The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1996. Frey, L. R. Botan, C. H., Friedman, P. G., Kreps, G. L., Investigating Communication, 1996. Hotelling, H., Stability in Competition, Economic Journal, vol. 39, 1929. / 129
HVC, 2000, 2001. Ikegami zun,,, 1998. ISHII Kenichi, ASIAno, Sososha, 200 1. Journal of Economics, vol. 10. Journal of Cultural Economics, vol. 2 1, No. 1, 1997. McQuail, D., Mass Communication Theory, Sage Publications, 2000. Nikkei Entertainmment, <Newsweek> (2001. 5) (2001. 4), < >(2001. 7. 13) Okada Toshio, OTAKU, Kodansha, 1997. Salop, S., Monopolistic Competition with Outside Goods, Bell, 1979. Sreberny-Mohamamad A, The Many Culture Faces of Emperialism, Sage, 1997. Tashiro Chikako, Enjoy Korean Entertainment Vol.1 2, Hagabook, 2001. Tirole, J., The Theory of Industrial Organization, Cambridge, The MIT Press, 1989. Wimmen, R. D., & Dominick, J. R., Mass Media Reaseach: An Introduction, Wadsworth Publishing, vol. 1, 1984., 2000, 2001. http://www.sorifu.go.jp http://www.riaj.or.jp http://yahoo.co.jp http://www.kofic.or.kr http://mct.go.kr / 130
ABSTRACT A Study on the Impacts of the Open-Door Policy toward the Japanese Pop Culture This study analyzed the impacts of the open-door policy toward the Japanese pop culture and sought the counterplot for the future policy measures. This study is composed of following three parts First, to look out and prepare for the future, we need to retrospect the past and evaluate the present condition. Therefore, the economic impacts of the three phases of the open-door policy toward the Japanese pop culture were analyzed and evaluated. For this part of the study, the development of the policy and the present status were examined. Then the economic impacts of the policy on the Korean culture industry were empirically analyzed. Second, the open-door policy needs to be understood in terms of cultural exchange between the two countries. Therefore, the impacts of the policy on Japan and the counter measurements of Japan on the policy were examined. Third, intensive interviews with culture industry related personnel were performed to evaluate the policy and the recent full-scale suspension of the policy due to the distortion of the Korean-Japan history in Japanese middle school history textbook. It was assumed that the interviews would enable us to hear the voices of the industry. The results of the study are as follows. The economic analysis of the impacts of the policy on the Korean movie, video, music, broadcasting, and game industry showed no serious negative impacts. It seemed that the growth of Korean culture industry and the step-by-step opening absorbed the impacts of the liberalization of the import of the Japanese pop culture. ABSTRACT/ 13 1
The analysis of the impacts of the policy on the part of Japan revealed the increased cultural exchange between the two countries. Also, it was found that the policy prompted the export of Korean cultural goods to Japan. The results of the interviews showed that the industry related personnel evaluated the policy positively. The interviewees were generally confident of the competitive power of Korean cultural goods compared to Japanese cultural goods in Korean market because of the cultural differences between the two countries. However, lack of planning and marketing skills of Korean culture industry was pointed out from the interviews. Accordingly, the support of the government in this field was suggested. Most of the interviewees recommended a full-scale open-door policy. But, some of them recommended the import liberalization of obscene movies and broadcast dramas and shows to be delayed. Also, regarding the liberalization of movies, videos, and dramas, the interviewees suggested stricter rating systems for selective exposures of the audience. Although the open-door policy toward the Japanese pop culture has not been implemented in a full-scale, the findings of the study showed no serious harmful economic impacts on Korean culture industry. Therefore, even though there are some political obstacles that were created by the distortion of history in Japanese history textbook, if this problem would be solved, continuation of the policy seems to be desirable. In general, rather than worrying about the harmful impacts of the open-door policy, we need to make our cultural goods competitive and encourage our culture industry to make inroads into the world market. / 132
2001-13 2002 1 3 827 : 669-9800 FAX : 669-9880 : www.kcpi.or.kr 200 1