๋ณ์์ฝ์ฌํ์ง (2010), ์ 27 ๊ถ์ 1 ํธ J. Kor. Soc. Health-Syst. Pharm., Vol. 27, o. 1, 56 ~ 63 (2010) ํ์ํ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ํญ์๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ดํ์๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋กํ Warfarin์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก๋ถ์ ๋๊ตฌํํฐ๋ง๋ณ์์ฝ์ ๋ถ A Case Analysis of Drug Interactions of Warfarin for Anticoagulant Service(ACS) Patients Ji Yoon Cho, Chae Ryang Cho, Kang Joo Lee, Yeon Jeong Yoo, You Eun Eom, Hyeong Yeol Lee Devision of pharmaceutical Service, Daegu Fatima Hospital, 576-31 Shinam-dong, Dong-ku, Daegu 701-600, Korea Abstract : Warfarin, one of the typical drugs causing drug interactions, could give rise to a fluctuation in its anti-coagulating effect. The aim of this study is to suggest the means of increasing the application effect and decreasing the fluctuation in its anti-coagulating effect of warfarin by analyzing the cases of drug interactions of warfarin applied to ACS patients. The samples are cases of ACS patients in Fatima Hospital from March 2001 when ACS was first introduced to September 2009 collected through ACS consultation records and OCS program. Over the period, the number of ACS patients in Fatima Hospital were 219 in total. Among them, 32 persons have experienced drug interactions and the total cases used for final analysis were 38. Results of the analysis revealed that drug interactions occurred mainly in the age group of over 50, more than 70% of total drug interactions occurred in the group of patients with less than 3 years of application period. And the processes of taking drugs that induced drug interactions were diverse, 17 cases(44.7%) were attributable to the prescriptions of other departments within Fatima Hospital, 16 cases(42.1%) were from the other hospitals and 5 cases(13.2%) were due to patient's direct purchase from drug stores. Investigating the time of detection, 34 cases(89.5%) were detected at the first ACS after taking the inducing drugs and 4 cases(10.5%) were observed after the first ACS which implies that detailed monitoring on drug application is necessary. Total number of drugs causing drug interactions amounts 31 kinds. Of them, cimetidine, aceclofenac, celecoxib, chondroitin and glucosamine drugs for stomach, pain, and arthritis revealed high frequency. In addition, allopurinol, doxifluridine, fluconazole, isoniazid and levothyroxine drugs - 56 -
์กฐ์ง์ค : ํญ์๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ดํ์๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋กํ Warfarin ์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก๋ถ์ prerequisite for the treatment of diseases also turned out engaged in inducing drug interactions albeit low in frequency. So cautious international normalized ratio(ir) monitoring seems inevitable for the adjustment of proper doses of warfarin. Increase and decrease of IR caused by drug interactions turned out 35 and 3 cases, respectively. And 9 cases of adverse effects such as broad ranges of bruise, red spot, swelling, gingival bleeding, bloody stool were observed. From the above mentioned, it seems desirable to furnish informations on drugs that can cause fluctuation in anti-coagulating effect to both internal and as well as external medical teams. At the same time, cautious monitoring and education regarding the drugs prescribed for the ACS patients seems necessary. Furthermore, when patients are required to take specified drug, careful attention has to be taken to maintain proper IR by adjusting warfarin dose. [Key words] Warfarin, ACS, Drug interaction, IR, Monitoring, Dose adjustment ํฌ๊ณ ์ผ์ 2010. 1. 18; ์ฌ์ฌ์๋ฃ์ผ์ 2010. 2. 25; ๊ฒ์ฌํ์ ์ผ์ 2010. 3. 2 ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ฐ๋ชฉ์ Warfarin์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ฐ์ง๋๋ํ์ ์ธ์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ก, ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กํญ์๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ์๋ณํ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ ์์๋ค. Warfarin๊ณผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด์๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์์ฒ๋ฐฉ๋ฐ์ํ์์๊ฒฝ์ฐ target IR์์ ์งํ๋๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด๊ฐ์๋์๊ณ 1) ์๋ฐฑ์ข ์์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ค์ด warfarin ๊ณผ๋ณ์ฉ์์์ถํ์์ํ์์ฆ๊ฐ์ํฌ์์๋ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ด์๋ค. 2) ๋ณธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ACS๋ฅผ์ํํ๋ํ์๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋ก warfarin๊ณผํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณ์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํด IR ๋ณํ๊ฐ์์๋์ฌ๋ก๋ค์์์ง, ๋ถ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ warfarin์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก์์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ๊ฒฝํฅ์์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ , warfarin์๋ณต์ฝํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋์ด๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํํญ์๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ์๋ณํ๋ฅผ์ค์ด๋๋ฐ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ก์ผ๊ณ ์ํ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 1. ๋ถ์๋์๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋๊ตฌํํฐ๋ง๋ณ์์์ ACS๋ฅผ์์ํ 2001๋ 3์๋ถํฐ 2009๋ 9์๊น์ง์๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋์์ธ๋์ฝ๊ตญ์์์ง์์ ์ผ๋ก ACS๋ฅผ๋ฐ์ํ์๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋กํ์ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ warfarin์๋ณ์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํ์ฌ IR์๋ณํ๊ฐ์์๋์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ์กฐ์ฌํ์๋ค. IR์์ํฅ์์ฃผ๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์๋ ค์ง์ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ warfarin์๋ณ์ฉํ์ฌ IR์๋ณํ๊ฐ์์๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ผ๋๋ณ์ฉ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ด์ธ์ IR์์ํฅ์์ฃผ๋์ธ์ ( ์์ด๋ฑ ) ๊ฐ๊ณต์กดํ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋๋ถ์๋์์์์ ์ธํ์๋ค. ํด๋น๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋์๋ณธ์์ธ๋์ฝ๊ตญ์์ ACS๋ฅผ๋ฐ์์ดํ์์๋ 219๋ช ์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐํ์ฌ๊น์ง ACS๋ฅผ๋ฐ๊ณ ์๋ํ์๋ 103๋ช , ACS๊ฐ์ข ๋ฃ๋ํ์๋ 116๋ช ์ด์๋ค. ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ค์๋ถํฉํ๋์ฌ๋ก๋์ด 32๋ช ์ํ์์์ 38๊ฑด์ด์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค. 2. ๋ถ์๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ฐํต๊ณ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋์ํ์๋ค์ ACS ์๋ด๊ธฐ๋ก์ง๋ฅผํตํดํ์์ warfarin ์ ์์ฆ, ์ ์์ฆ์๋ฐ๋ฅธ target IR, ์ํธ์์ฉ๋ฐ์์๋์ด, ์ด warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์ผ์, ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉํ๊ธฐ์ target IR์์ ์งํ๋์ง์์ฌ๋ถ, ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉํ๊ฒ๋๊ฒฝ๋ก, ACS ์์ํธ์์ฉ์๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ์์ , ์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ด์ฌํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์์ฑ๋ถ, ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํ IR์๋ณํ์์, ์ํธ์์ฉ์ดํ์๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผํํฅ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ๋ณธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ชจ๋ ์๋ฃ๋๋ฐฑ๋ถ์จ (%) ๋กํ์ํ์๋ค. - 57 -
JKSHP, VOL.27, O.1 (2010) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐํญ๋ชฉ์๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋๊ทธ๋ํ๋ฐํ๋ก๋ํ๋ด์๋ค. 1. Warfarin ์ ์์ฆ๋ถ์๋์ 32๋ช ์ warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์์ฃผ์ ์์ฆ์ atrial fibrillation(46.9%), pulmonary embolism(31.3%), valve replacement(15.6%), cerebral infarction (3.1%), pulmonary heart disease(3.1%) ์์ด์๋ค.(Fig. 1) 3. ๋์ด์ด 38๊ฑด์์ฌ๋ก์์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ๋ฐ์์ํ์์๋์ด๋ 40~50์ธ 1๊ฑด (2.6%), 50~60์ธ 8๊ฑด (21.1%), 60~70์ธ 16๊ฑด (42.1%), 70~80์ธ 11๊ฑด (28.9%), 80~90์ธ 2๊ฑด (5.3%) ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค.(Fig. 3) Fig. 3 ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ๋ฐ์์๋์ํ์์์ฐ๋ น๋ถํฌ Fig. 1 Warfarin ์ ์์ฆ์๋ฐ๋ฅธ๋์ํ์๋ถํฌ 2. Target IR ๋ถ์๋์ 32๋ช ์ target IR์ 18๋ช (56.3%), 12๋ช (37.5%), 1.7~2.5 2๋ช (6.3%) ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค.(Fig. 2) 4. Warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์ผ์์ด 38๊ฑด์์ฌ๋ก์์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ๋ฐ์์ warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์ผ์๋ 6๊ฐ์๋ฏธ๋ง 6๊ฑด (15.8%), 6๊ฐ์ ~1 ๋ 4๊ฑด (10.5%), 1~2๋ 8๊ฑด (21%), ๋ 9๊ฑด (23.7%), 3~4๋ 3๊ฑด (7.9%), 4~5๋ 3๊ฑด (7.9%), 5~6๋ 1๊ฑด (2.6%), 6~7๋ 1๊ฑด (2.6%), 7~8๋ 3๊ฑด (7.9%) ์ด์๋ค.(Fig. 4) Fig. 2 ๋์ํ์์ Target IR Fig. 4 ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ๋ฐ์์๋์ํ์์ Warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์ผ์ - 58 -
์กฐ์ง์ค : ํญ์๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ดํ์๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋กํ Warfarin ์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก๋ถ์ 5. Target IR ์ ์ง์ฌ๋ถ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉํ๊ธฐ์ target IR ์์ ์งํ๋์ง์์ฌ๋ถ๋ก์ด 38๊ฑด์์ฌ๋ก์ค 32๊ฑด์์ target IR ์์ ์งํ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋๋จธ์ง 6๊ฑด์์ target IR ์์ ์งํ์ง๋ชปํ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์์ผ๋ํด๋นํ์์ IR ๋ณํ์ถ์ธ๋ฅผ๋ณผ๋๋ณ์ฉ์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ก์ธํด IR ์๋ณํ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋์์์์์์์๋ค. 6๊ฑด์ค 3๊ฑด์์ํ๋ฆฐ๋ณต์ฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ 6๊ฐ์๋ฏธ๋ง์ผ๋ก์ฉ๋์กฐ์ ์ค์ด์๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๊ณ ๋๋จธ์ง 3๊ฑด์์๋์ผ์์ ์ผ๋ก IR ์ด์์น๋์๋ค. ๋กํ๊ธฐ๋์ด์ ํํ์ฑ๋ถ์์์์๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ค.(Fig. 6) 6. ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉ๊ฒฝ๋ก์ด 38๊ฑด์์ฌ๋ก์ค์๋ดํ๊ณผ์ฒ๋ฐฉ 17๊ฑด (44.7%), ํ์๋ฃ๊ธฐ๊ด์ฒ๋ฐฉ 16๊ฑด (42.1%), ํ์๊ตฌ์ 5๊ฑด (13.2%) ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค.(Fig. 5) Fig. 6 ์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ด์ฌํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๊ฐ์ 9. ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์์ฑ๋ถ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์์ฑ๋ถ์์ด 31์ข ์ผ๋ก๋์๋น๋๋ก๊ด์ฌํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ cimetidine, aceclofenac, celecoxib, chondroitin, glucosamine ๋ฑ์ผ๋ก์ฃผ๋ก์์ฅ์ฝ, ์งํต์ , ๊ด์ ์ผ์น๋ฃ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ์ธ allopurinol, doxifluridine, fluconazole, isoniazid, levothyroxine ๋ฑ๋น๋๋๋ฎ์ผ๋์งํ์์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ์ํดํ์์ ์ผ๋ก๋ณต์ฉํด์ผํ๋์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ค์ดํฌํจ๋์๋ค.(Table 1) Fig. 5 ๋์ํ์์์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ณต์ฉ๊ฒฝ๋ก Table 1. ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์์ฑ๋ถ ( ๊ด์ฌํ๊ฑด์ ) 7. ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์์ ์ด 38๊ฑด์์ฌ๋ก์ค์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ณต์ฉ์ดํ์ฒซ๋ฒ์งธ ACS์์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ 34 ๊ฑด (89.5%), ์ดํ ACS์๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 4๊ฑด (10.5%) ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค. Acetaminophen(2) Aceclofenac(3) Allopurinol(2) Amitriptyline(1) Augmentin(1) Carbamazepine(2) Doxifluridine(1) Fluconazole(1) Fluoxetine(1) Ginkgo biloba Ext.(2) Glucosamine(3) Isoniazid(2) Raloxifene(1) Ranitidine(3) Rifampicin(1) Serratiopeptidase(1) Streptokinase(3) Tegafur/Uracil(1) 8. ์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ด์ฌํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๊ฐ์์ด 38๊ฑด์์ฌ๋ก์ค์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ด์ฌํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๊ฐ์๊ฐ 1์ข ์ธ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ 23๊ฑด (60.5%), 2์ข ์ธ๊ฒฝ์ฐ 10๊ฑด (26.3%), 3์ข ์ด์์ธ๊ฒฝ์ฐ 2๊ฑด (5.3%), ๋ถ๋ช ํํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 3๊ฑด (7.9%) ์ผ๋ก๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ฝ, ํญ์์ , ๊ทผ์ก์ฃผ์ฌ๋ฑ์ผ Celecoxib(3) Chondroitin(3) Cimetidine(4) Ciprofloxacin(1) Diclofenac(1) Levothyroxine(2) Lornoxicam(1) Meloxicam(2) Omeprazole(1) Piroxicam(1) Vit. E(2) Triflusal(1) Zaltoprofen(2) - 59 -
JKSHP, VOL.27, O.1 (2010) 10. ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํ IR ๋ณ๋ IR์ด์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ 35๊ฑด (92.1%), IR ์ด๊ฐ์ํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ 3๊ฑด (7.9%) ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค. 11. ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํ๋ถ์์ฉ๋ณด๊ณ ์ด 9๊ฑด (23.7%) ์์ฌ๋ก์์๋ถ์์ฉ์ด๋ณด๊ณ ๋์๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋๋ถ์์ฉ์๊ด๋ฒ์ํ๋ฉ, ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ถ์ข , ๋ถ์๋ฐ์ , ์๋ชธ์ถํ, ํ๋ณ, ํ๊ธฐ์ฆ๋ฑ์ด์๋ค. 12. ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด 38๊ฑด์์ฌ๋ก์ค์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉ์์ค๋จํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 9๊ฑด (23.7%), warfarin์๊ฐ๋ํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ 16๊ฑด (42.1%), warfarin์์ฆ๋ํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ 3๊ฑด (7.9%), warfarin ๊ฐ๋๋ฐ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉ์์ค๋จํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ 4๊ฑด (10.5%), warfarin ๊ฐ๋๋ฐ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํ์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ก๋ณ๊ฒฝํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ 1๊ฑด (2.6%), ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉํ์๊ฐ๊ฐ์ํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ 2๊ฑด (5.3%), warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์ค๋จ 2๊ฑด (5.3%), ์ ์ํ์ฌ Vit. K ํฌ์ฌ๋ฐํด๋น์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ณต์ฉ์ค๋จ 1๊ฑด (2.6%) ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค.(Fig. 7) Fig. 7 ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๋ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด 38๊ฑด์์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก์ค์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ๋ฐ์์ํ์์์ฐ๋ น์ 60~70 ์ธ 16๊ฑด (42.1%), 70~80 ์ธ 11 ๊ฑด (28.9%) ์์ผ๋ก๋ง์์ผ๋ฉฐ 50~80 ์ธ์์ 35๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ 90% ์ด์์์ฐจ์งํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ warfarin ์๋ณต์ฉํ๋์ฃผ์ฐ๋ น๋์์ ์ฌํ๋ถํฌ๋ฅผ๋ณด์ด๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์๊ฐ๋๋ค. ์ค์ ๋๊ตฌํํฐ๋ง๋ณ์์์ 2009 ๋ 7์๋ถํฐ 9์์ฌ์ด์์ธ๋๋ฅผํตํด warfarin์์ฒ๋ฐฉ๋ฐ์๋ณต์ฉํ๋ํ์๋ค์์ฐ๋ น์์ดํด๋ณด๋ฉด, 40 ์ธ๋ฏธ๋ง์ด 11๋ช (3.3%), 40๋ 30 ๋ช (9.1%), 50๋ 54๋ช (16.3%), 60๋ 102๋ช (30.8%), 70๋ 110 ๋ช (33.2%), 80๋ 24 ๋ช (7.3%) ์ผ๋ก 60 ๋๋ฐ 70 ๋ํ์์๋น์จ์ด๋์์์์์๋ค. Warfarin์๋ณต์ฉํ๋ํ์๋ค์์ฐ๋ น์ด๋์๊ฒฝํฅ์๋ณด์ด๊ณ , ๊ณ ๋ นํ์์๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ฌ๋ฌ๊ฐ์ง์ฝ์ ๋ฅผ๋์์๋ณต์ฉํ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ๋ง์์ถํ์์ํ์ด์ฆ๊ฐํ๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์๋ ค์ ธ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก 2) ์ด์๋ํ๋ฉด๋ฐํ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง์ดํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์๊ฐ๋๋ค. ์ด์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ 70% ์ด์์ด warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ 3๋ ์ด๋ด์ํ์์๊ฒ์๋ฐ์ํ์์ง๋ง๋ณต์ฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ 3 ๋ ์ด์์ธํ์์์๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ACS์ํ์์๊ฒ์ง์์ ์ธ๊ต์ก์ดํ์ํจ์์์์์๋ค. ํ์๊ฐ์ฒ๋ฐฉ์๋ฐ์ฝ์ฌ์๊ฒ๋ณธ์ธ์ warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์์๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์๋กํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉํ์ง์๋๋ก์ง๋ํด์ผํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์์ธ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ๋ถ์ํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์๋ดํ๊ณผ์ฒ๋ฐฉ 17๊ฑด (44.7%), ํ์๋ฃ๊ธฐ๊ด์ฒ๋ฐฉ 16๊ฑด (42.1%), ํ์๊ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํ์ฌ๋ณต์ฉํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ 5๊ฑด (13.2%) ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์ด์ฃผ๋ก์ฒ๋ฐฉ์ฝ์์ํด์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด๋ฐ์ํ์์์์์์์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์์๋ฃ์ง์๊ฒํญ์๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณํ์ํฌ์์๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ํ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ์ ๊ณตํจ์ผ๋ก์จ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก IR ์์ํฅ์ด์ ์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํ์๊ฐ์ฒ๋ฐฉ๋ฐ์์์๋๋กํ๋ค๋ฉด์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์์ํ IR ๋ณํ๋ฅผ์ค์ด๋๋ฐ๋์์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์๊ฐ๋๋ค. Feldstein ๋ฑ์์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 3) ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, warfarin ๊ณผ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด์๋ acetaminophen, SAIDs, fluconazole, metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole์๋ํด primary care provider๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋ก electronic medical record alerts system์๋์ ํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ warfarin๊ณผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด์๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์์ฒ๋ฐฉ์จ์ด๋์ ์ ์๋นํด 14.9% ๊ฐ์ํ์๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค. 3) ๋ค๋ง์์ธ์๋ฃ์ง์๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋์ด๋ฌํ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ์ ๊ณตํ๋๊ฒ์ด์ฌ์ค์์ด๋ ต๋ค๋ํ๊ณ์ ์ด์๋ค. ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ์์ ์์กฐ์ฌํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผํ์๊ฐ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉํ๋ค์ํ๋์ฒซ ACS์์ - 60 -
์กฐ์ง์ค : ํญ์๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ดํ์๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋กํ Warfarin ์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก๋ถ์ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 34๊ฑด (89.5%) ์ด์๊ณ , IR ๋ณํ๊ฐ์์์์๋ํ์์๋ณ์ฉ์ฝ๋ฌผ์์ฒดํฌํ์ง๋ชปํ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 4๊ฑด (10.5%) ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์ดํ์์๋ณต์ฉ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ํ๋ณด๋ค๋ฉด๋ฐํ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง์ดํ์ํจ์์์์์๋ค. Fluoropyridine๊ณํญ์์ ๋ฑ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ฐ๋ผ์๋์ํธ์์ฉ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋๊ธฐ๊น์ง์๊ฐ์ด์์๋ ์์์ดํด๋น์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉํ์์ ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ๋ค์ ACS ๊น์ง์๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ์น ์ด๋ด๋ก์งง์๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ด์ง์ฐ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๋๋ฐฐ์ฌํ ์์์ผ๋๋ณธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ถ์๋์์์์ด๋ฌํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋์์๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค. ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์์์ธ์ด๋๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์์ด 31์ข ์ผ๋ก๋ค๋น๋๋ก๊ด์ฌํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์์งํต์ , ๊ด์ ์ผ์น๋ฃ์ , ์์ฅ์ฝ์ด์๋ค. ํญ์์ , ํญ์์ , ํญ๊ฒฐํต์ , ํตํ์น๋ฃ์ , ์ฌ์ฑํธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ , ํญ์ฐ์ธ์ , ํ์ํ์์ง์ต์ ์ ๋ฑ์งํ์์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ์ํดํ์์ ์ผ๋ก๋ณต์ฉํด์ผํ๋์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ค๋ warfarin๊ณผ์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ด์ฌํ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์ด์ด๋ฌํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ACS์์ฃผ์๊น์ IR ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง์ํตํด warfarin ์ฉ๋์กฐ์ ์ด์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผํจ์์์์์๋ค. Warfarin๊ณผ์ํธ์์ฉ์์ผ์ผํฌ์์๋์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ค์์ฒ๋ฐฉํจํด์์กฐ์ฌํ Snaith ๋ฑ์์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, warfarin๊ณผํจ๊ป์ฒ๋ฐฉ๋์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ค์ค๋จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ฒ๋ฐฉ์์๋ 1ํ์ฑํญ์์ (sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin, macrolides), ๋น์ ํ์ฑ SAIDs, ํญํ์ ์ ์ ์์ผ๋ก์ฒ๋ฐฉ๋น์จ์ด๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ์ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ฒ๋ฐฉ์์๋๋น์ ํ์ฑ SAIDs ๋ฐํญํ์ ์ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฅ์์ฃผ์ฒ๋ฐฉ๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก๋ํ๋ฌ๊ณ ํนํํ์คํ๊ตฐ (standardized population) ๊ณผ๋น๊ต์ warfarin์๋ณต์ฉํ๋ํ์๋ค์์์ด์ cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor์์ฒ๋ฐฉ๋น์จ์ด๋์๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์กฐ์ฌ๋์ด๋ณธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ warfarin ๊ณผ SAIDs ๋ฐ COX-2 inhibitor์์ํธ์์ฉ๋ฐ์๋น์จ์ด๋์๋๊ฒ๊ณผ์ ์ฌํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณด์ธ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก์๊ฐ๋๋ค. 4) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๋ฒ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ glucosamine/chondroitin์ด warfarin๊ณผ์์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ด์ฌํ๋น๋๊ฐ๋๊ฒ์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋๋ฐ์ต๊ทผ๋ฌธํ์์ด๋ฌํ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด๋ณด๊ณ ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. 5`-6) ๋ํ๋ณธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์์กฐ์ฌ๋ 31์ข ์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ด์ธ์๋ warfarin๊ณผ์ํธ์์ฉ์๊ฐ์ง๋๊ฒ์ผ๋ก๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์๊ฐ์๋๊ณ์์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐํนํ azole๊ณํญ์์ , macrolides, quinolones, selective COX-2 inhibitors๋ฅผํฌํจํ SAIDs, SSRI, omeprazole, lipid-lowering agent, amiodarone, fluorouracil๊ณผ warfarin์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์๋ํ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ง์๋๊ณ ์์ด์ด๋ค์ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ warfarin์๋ณ์ฉ์๋ฉด๋ฐํ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง์ดํ์ํ๋ค. 7) ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํ IR ๋ณํ๋ฅผ๋ถ์ํ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ IR์ด์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ์ด 38๊ฑด์ค 35๊ฑด (92.1%) ์ผ๋ก๋๋ถ๋ถ์ด์๊ณ IR ๋ณ๋์ ๋๋์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ฐ๊ฐ์ธ์๋ฐ๋ผ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ๋ณด์๋ค.(Table 2) ๋ํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ผ๋ก์ธํด warfarin์๋ณต์ฉ์์ค๋จํ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ 2๊ฑด (5.3%) ์ผ๋กํ๊ฑด์๊ฒฝ์ฐ fluoropyridine๊ณํญ์์ ์ธ tegafur/uracil ๋ณตํฉ์ ๋ฅผ warfarin๊ณผ๋ณ์ฉํํ warfarin์์ง์์ ์ธ๊ฐ๋ (2mg 1.5m 1mg 0.5mg) ์๋๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ IR์ด๋๊ฒ์ ์ง๋์ด warfarin์๋ณต์ฉ์์ค๋จํ๊ณ tegafur/uracil ๋ณตํฉ์ ๋ฅผ๊ณ์๋ณต์ฉํ์๊ณ , ๋ค๋ฅธํ๊ฑด์์๋ warfarin๊ณผ lornoxicam์๋ณ์ฉ์ผ๋ก IR์ด์์น๋์ํ์์๋์ํฌ์งํต์ฆ์์ํ๋ฅผ์ํด amitriptyline๊ณผ zaltoprofen์์ถ๊ฐ๋ก๋ณต์ฉํ๋ค IR์ด 11.2๊น์ง์์นํ์๊ณ ์ดํ 5์ผ๊ฐ warfarin ์ํด์ฝํ๋ค warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์์ค๋จํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ warfarin ๋ณต์ฉ์์ ์งํ๋ฉด์์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ณต์ฉ์์ค๋จํ๊ฑฐ๋ (23.7%) warfarin์์ฉ๋์์กฐ์ (63.1%) ํ๋๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ผ๋ก์ด๋ warfarin์ดํด๋น์งํ์์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ์ํดํ์์ ์ธ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ ACS ์ warfarin์์ฉ๋์กฐ์ ์ด์ค์ํ๋ค๋๊ฒ์์๋ฏธํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ณผ์์๊ฒ ๋ค. ์์๋ด์ฉ๋ค์์ข ํฉํด๋ณผ๋warfarin ๋ณต์ฉํ์๊ฐํ์ฝ๋ฌผ์์์๋ก๋ณต์ฉํ์ง์๋๋ก ACS์์ง์์ ์ธ๊ต์ก์ดํ์ํ๊ณ , ์๋ฃ์ง์๊ฒํญ์๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ณํ์ํฌ์์๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ํ์ ๋ณด์ ๊ณต์ดํ์ํจ์์์์์๋ค. ๋ํ ACS ๋ด๋น์ฝ์ฌ๋ํ์์ IR ๋ฐ๋ณต์ฉ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ํ๋ณด๋ค์ธ์ฌํ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง๊ณผํจ๊ป์ ์ ํ warfarin ์ฉ๋์กฐ์ ์ํตํดํญ์๊ณ ํจ๊ณผ์๋ณํ๋ฅผ์ต์ํํ ์์๋๋ก๋ ธ๋ ฅํด์ผํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋ณธ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ warfarin ๋ณต์ฉํ์์ค ACS๋ฅผ์ํํ๋ํ์์์์ผ์ด๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ๋ถ์ํ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก๋์ํ์์์๊ฐ์ ํ์ ์ด๊ณ ACS ์๋ด๊ธฐ๋ก์ง๋ถ์์ํตํํํฅ์ ์กฐ์ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก์งํ๋์ด๋๋ฝ๋์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด๋๋ถ์์ฉ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ์์์์์ผ๋ฉฐ๋ณ - 61 -
JKSHP, VOL.27, O.1 (2010) Table 2. IR ๋ณ๋๋ฐ๊ธฐํ Case o. Target IR ๋ณํ๋ IR ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ฝ๋ฌผ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 1.7~2.5 1.7~2.5 2.57 5.95 2.79 3.38 2.92 4.01 10.88 4.03 9.38 2.78 ( ์ด์ IR์๋นํด์์น ) 5.83 2.56 4.44 4.08 3.18 3.43 5.55 4.49 1.59 2.84 2.41 2.98 3.19 3.9 7.36 8.53 11.2 3.31 0.92 5.05 3.17 7.16 3.39 4.12 5.99 7.15 7.08 1.0 Acetaminophen Triflusal, Ginkgo biloba ext. Vit. E Aceclofenac, Ranitidine Streptokinase, Aceclofenac, Cimetidine, Diclofenac Chondroitin sulfate Isoniazid Allopurinol Omeprazole Cimetidine, ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ฝ Streptokinase, Celecoxib Cimetidine, Zaltoprofen, ํญ์์ Fluoxetine Levothyroxine ์ฆ๋ (0.5 1 /day) Ranitidine Celecoxib Ranitidine Celecoxib, Acetaminophen Carbamazepine ์ฆ๋ (2 3 /day) Vit. E Allopurinol Glucosamine/Chondroitin Glucosamine Glucosamine/Chondroitin Tegafur/Uracil Lornoxicam Amitriptyline, Zaltoprofen Aceclofenac Carbamazepine Ginkgo biloba ext. Meloxicam, Streprokinase Piroxicam, Serratiopeptidase, ์ฃผ์ฌ์ 1์ข Raloxifene, Meloxicam Fluconazole Levothyroxine ์ฆ๋ (1 1.5 /day) Cimetidine, Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin Doxifluridine Isoniazid, Rifampicin ๋ฉ, ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ถ์ข ์๋ค๋ฆฌ์๊ด๋ฒ์ํ๋ฉ ๋ฉ ( ๋ฐ๋ชฉ๋ฑ ) ๋ฉ ( ์ฌ๋ฌ๊ตฐ๋ฐ ) ํ๋ณ ๋ถ์๋ฐ์ , ๋ฉ์๋ชธ์ถํ ํ๊ธฐ์ฆ ์๋ฑ์ดํ๋์ง - 62 -
์กฐ์ง์ค : ํญ์๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์๋ดํ์๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋กํ Warfarin ์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก๋ถ์ ์ฉ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ด์ธ์ IR์์ํฅ์์ฃผ๋์์ธ์ด์์ ํ๋ฐฐ์ ๋์๋์ง์์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผํ์คํ๊ฒ์์์๋ค๋ํ๊ณ์ ์ด์๋ค. ๋ํ warfarin์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ์ฌ๋ก์์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ๊ฒฝํฅ์์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ ์ํ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ์๊ฐ๋๋ค. ๋ณธ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก์ถํ warfarin์์ฝ๋ฌผ์ํธ์์ฉ๊ณผ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ๋ณด๋ค์ธ๋ถํ๋์ฃผ์ ์๋ํด๋๋ง์์์ํ์๋ฅผ๋์์ผ๋ก์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ature and MedWatch database. Pharmacotherapy 28(4), 540-548(2008) 7) Holbrook AM., Pereira JA., Labiris R., Mcdonald H., Douketis JD., Crowther M., Wells PS. : Systemic overview of warfarin and its drug and food interactions. Arch Intern Med. 165(10), 1095-106(2005) ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 1) Verhovsek M., Motlagh B., Crowther MA., Kennedy C., Dolovich L, Campbell G., Wang L., Papaioannou A. : Quality of anticoagulation and use of warfarininteracting medications in long-term care: A chart review. BMC Geriatrics. 8, 13 (2008) 2) Juurlink D. : Drug interactions with war farin: what clinicians need to know. CMAJ.177(4), 369-371(2007) 3) Feldstein AC., Smith DH., Perrin., Yang X., Simon SR., Krall M., Sittig DF., Ditmer D., Platt R., Soumerai SB. : Reducing warfarin medication interac tions: an interrupted time series evalua tion. Arch Intern Med. 166(9), 1009-15(2006) 4) Sanith A., Pugh L., Simpson CR., McLay JS. : The Potential for interaction between warfarin and coprescribed medication: A retrospective study in primary care. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 8(3), 207-12(2008) 5) Rozenfeld V., Crain JL., Callahan AK. : Possible augmentation of warfarin effect by glucosamine-chondroitin. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 61, 306-7(2004) 6) Knudsen JF., Sokol GH. : Potential glu cosamine-warfarin interaction resulting in increased International ormalized Ratio: Case report and review of the liter - 63 -