Achievements and Tasks of Seoul Metropolitan Government's Policy for Local Energy Transition

S E O U L Achievements and Tasks of Seoul Metropolitan Government s policy for Local Energy Transition LEE Yu-Jin leeyujin2010@gmail.com Researcher, Institute of Green Transition 1

Centralized Energy System in Korea 2

광역시도별전력자립률 (2016 년 ) 294.6 241.3 240.4 219.8 188.2 157.5 68.4 49.8 42.9 29.9 29.6 18.8 4.6 3 1.8 1.7 0 인천충남전남경남경북부산제주강원경기울산전북대구광주충북대전서울세종

Government s Nuclear Phase out Energy Transition Policy

To proactively respond to energy crisis and climate change, Produce and save energy equivalent to the output of one nuclear power plant. April 2012. Phase 1. One Less Nuclear Power Plant August 2014. Phase 2. Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan In the first half of 2014, 2 million TOE of energy was saved! Energy Generation 26 Energy Efficiency 87 Energy Saving Waste Unit : 10,000 TOE Unit : 10,000 TOE 74 Unit : 10,000 TOE 18 Transportation Renewable generation Public Sector - GHG Target 54 LED vvmanagement System Waste heat recovery 6 BRP 35 Civic Participation - Eco-mileage Program Power generation from PV Institutional change - Limit on cooling Hydro fuel cells - Energy Consumption Quota & heating temperatures 91 83 78 '11 '12 '13 '14.6 '11 '12 '13 '14.6 5 '11 '12 '13 '14.6

S E O U L ONE LESS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SEOUL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN Generation ㆍ Efficiency ㆍ Saving 4m-TOE cut Electricity Self-reliance Rate 20% GHG Emissions 10m-ton cut 1,000M By 2020 Transition to Energy Independent City - Promote energy-independence, sharing and participation - - Purse High energy-efficient Society - 6

Improve Eco-mileage Program 1.87M members / 384,940 TOE saving (Jul. 2014 to Dec. 2015) Focus resources on actual energy savers, mandatory registration of membership number Link GHG reduction and energy welfare improvement Expanded standards for provision of incentives Incentive beneficiaries 70,000 people(current) 120,000 people (Expected) Changed Standards Energy savings Over 5%, less than 10% Over 10%, less than 15% Over 15% (Same as before) Incentives 10,000 mileages 30,000 mileages 50,000 mileages 7

LED Replacement in Public Buildings LED replacement in public offices, hospitals, district offices, etc. (2015 to 2016) 530,000 units LED replacements at subway stations by Seoul Metro, Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corp 640,000 units LED Replacement in Private Buildings (Jul. 2014 to Dec. 2016) 10,281,000 LED replacements at Street & Security Lights 68,000 units PV-run LED traffic signs at Children Protection Zone (Aug. to Dec. 2015) 1,982,000 USD 8

Building Energy Management System(BEMS) Introduced at Seoul Seo-buk Hospital on a pilot basis Reinforced environmental impact assessment requires BEMS on new large buildings Eco-friendly boilers Insulation Windows Energy-efficient LED Automatically controlled BEMS 9

Lighthouse Project Construction of small ㆍ medium energy efficient model houses for PR Model houses that include passive elements, energy production and monitoring systems Four energy efficient model houses to be built including daycare centers and senior citizen community centers Develop a manual for the model houses, and share and promote the results Insulation Materials Three-pane windows Air tight construction heat recovery ventilator PV Monitoring System 10

Noeul Fuel Cell Power Plant (built in Nov. 2016) Capacity : 20MW Electricity : 163GWh/year Heat : 91,900Gcal/year Generate Power for 45k households Heat for 9,700 households Seonam Water Recycling Center Fuel Cell Power Plants Capacity : 30MW Raise civic fund to engage citizens in energy generation Sewage Heat Recovery Facility Capacity : 32Gcal/h 11

Expansion of PV installations Renewable Energy Fund 에너지전환의이득을모든시민들이공유할수있도록! Civic Fund (August 2015) KB Seoul Solar Power Plant Investment Trust - Maturity : 3 years (Minimum USD 879, Maximum USD 8,791) Community Energy 성장하는에너지시민은에너지전환의든든한지지자 - Total : USD 7.25 million - Holders : 1,044 persons Average investment per person : USD 6,938 - Invest in installation of 4.24 MW PV power plants, and the profits will be shared by the holders Mini Solar PV 에너지소비자에서에너지생산자로!

Institutional change to facilitate private PV power generation (Since Jan. 2015) Seoul Feed-in-Tariffs(FIT) Public building rent rate Loan cap for PV power generation 4.5 cents /kwh ㆍ year 9 cents /kwh ㆍ year 22 dollars /kwh ㆍ year 17.7 dollar /kwh ㆍ year Up to 60% of installation costs Up to 80% of installation costs 100% 20% off Increase 13

Idea of Mini Solar PV PV Electronics 14

Idea of Mini Solar PV PV Electronics 2. 시민들에게다양한선택지제시 Emergence and growth of Energy Citizens Shift from energy consumer to energy producer! Plan to increase the total number of households affected to 32,000 by 2017 (cumulative figure) Operate a cooperative to install solar panels Include this initiative into energy policy by Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy 15

Expansion of PV installations 21,823 places / 25,200kW (as of Dec. 2016) Expand PV installation subsidies (households all buildings including public buildings) Build PV landmarks to raise public awareness <PV on bus stations> < PV on soundproof walls > <Hybrid Security Lights> PR : PV panels on display, pilot PV installation etc. < Official Solar Map Website > < Lotte Hi-mart Outlet > < Street Vendors > 16

Expansion of PV installations Solar Power Capacity of 135MW ( 03.1 ~ 17.9) Public Buildings 50.4MW Schools 18.0 Private Buildings 33.8 (847) (374) (1,069) Micro PV 32.7 (37,542) Encourage Private Sector Solar Power Generation - Preferential interest rate : down to 1.45% by 0.3%, compared to 1.75% before Feb. 2016 - Rent Public Spaces to Solar PV Co-ops 17

Energy Independent Villages, living examples of Seoul s Energy Policies Increase the number of Energy Supermarkets (13 new stores) Run Renewable Energy Tour Program Cut the avg. energy consumption of energy independent villages by 8.5% Disseminate Energy Independent Village Design Manual Energy Independent Villages 25New villages in 2017 88 Sangol Village Bang-a Gol Dodeuul Byul Village Raemian Aruemsoop Gingorang Village Shipjasung Village Ssangyong Platinum Noble Hansol Solpark Seongdaegol Village Saejaemi Village 18

Songpa-gu Guyeo Apartment

Shipjasung Village

Sangol Village 77.5% 가단독주택이자 20 년이상노후비율 89%, 에너지빈곤층이다수, 3000 명시민에너지절약 미니태양광기부 (10kW), LED 등교체 쿨루프 한지붕 5 가구미니태양광연결 골목길과담장수리 단열창호교체

Seongdaegol Village 성대골에너지자립마을 2011 년절전소운동시작, 마을닷살림협동조합결성, 성대골에너지슈퍼마켙 국사봉중학교태양광발전협동조합구성 동작신협과우리집솔라론개발 태양광 DIY 신제품개발과미니태양광마을백업센터구축 상도 4 동전체어린이집태양광인형극과태양광발전기설치 성대시장태양광 +ESS 연계스마트그리드사업추진

FG1 FG2 FG3 Seongdaegol Village Living Lab 동작신협과 우리집솔라론개발 태양광 DIY 신제품개발과 미니태양광마을백업 센터구축 상도 4 동전체어린이집태양광인형극과 태양광발전기설치

W elfare I s S haring E nergy Seoul Energy Welfare Civic Fund Civic-led Sustainable Fund Citizens take the rein in mobilization, management and administration of the fund Raise funds in ways that spend profits from energy generation, efficiency and saving to improve welfare for the poor Civic Participation Managed by Citizens Sustainable Fund Fund Raising Target by 2020 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 USD 176,835 ( 기금모금 Fund Raising USD 530,503 USD 972,591 USD 1.5 million '15 '16 '17 '18 '19~'20 USD 2.65 million Fund Raising Fund Management Allocation Administration Fund Expansion Raise funds in ways that spend profits from energy generation, efficiency and saving in improving energy welfare for the poor Secretariat + Decision-making Body + Volunteer Group Promote energy saving by the poor by offering micro-pv panels, LED bulbs, and BRP services instead of monetary support Provisions for the energy-poor will be done under the current system, Fund allocation will be expanded to include those who have been neglected under the present system., 24

Seoul Energy Corporation Establishment of Seoul Energy Corporation dedicated to implementation of Seoul s energy polices Decision on establishment (a TF was set up) July 2015 Deliberation February to May 2016 Launch of Energy Corporation February 2017 Registration of incorporation November 2016 Feasibility Study October 2015 Ordinance revisions July 2016 Roles and Duties of Seoul Energy Corporation - Implement energy & environmental policies and projects under One Less Nuclear Power Plant - Respond to emerging demands such as carbon trading scheme, energy welfare etc. Feasibility Study on Establishment of Seoul Energy Corporation (between Oct. 2015 and Jan. 2016) - Base data to prepare for the launching process of SEC e.g.) public hearings, establishment review committee - Feasibility Study as a local public corporation e.g.) residents welfare, impact on local economy, profitability 25

Achievements of OLNPP Electricity energy self-reliance rate as of 2015 5.5% increased 출처 : 서울시원전하나줄이기백서 (2017)

Achievements of OLNPP Energy Citizenship Development of city energy transition model with citizens strong engagement 출처 : 서울시원전하나줄이기백서 (2017)

서울에태양을입히다 태양광 1 백만가구 가용공공부지 100% 설치 신성장동력태양광산업화 제도개선과시민참여확대 태양광설비용량 태양광참여가구 태양광발전비율 원전 1 기설비용량 1GW 서울시 3 가구중 1 가구 `16 년태양광발전비율의 10 배 28

2 9 아파트, 주택, 건물태양광 100 만가구보급 태양광랜드마크조성 가용공공부지태양광 100% 보급 마곡지구, 도시재생지역태양광특화지구조성 시민이설치하고, 이익을공유하는시민참여형태양광 서울에너지공사주도태양광확산기반조성 R&D, 벤처투자로태양광산업육성

3 0 1. 태양광 1 백만가구보급 누적가구수 ( 만가구 ) 누적용량 (MW) 71 100 ( 만가구 ) 100 만가구 베란다 63 만 주택형 15 만 건물형 22 만 1 ) 베란다형미니발전소보급 : 63 만가구 46 551 (MW) 28 16 382 247 110 162 `18 `19 `20 `21 `22 신축 : 설계단계부터미니발전소의무화추진 SH 공사신축아파트부터 (`18 년 ~) 향후 LH 민간신축아파트로확대 기존 : 세대별 세대 + 단지별보급으로확대 공동주택외벽돌출물설치규제완화추진 개인 / 단체 DIY 제품개발 보급 ( 서울에너지공사 ) 아파트형에너지자립마을육성을통한단체보급 아파트경비실등에너지소외계층미니발전소설치지원

1. 태양광 1 백만가구보급 2 ) 주택형미니발전소 : 15 만가구 주택옥상태양광설치지원다양화 `18년부터정부지원선착순마감후에도시비단독지원 주택옥상물탱크철거가구 (27 천호 ) 우선보급 도시재생사업집수리연계, 태양광주택특화마을조성 3 ) 건물형미니발전소 : 22 만가구 기존건물태양광설치비보조금지원신축시일정비율이상태양광설치의무화에너지다소비건물에너지소비량증가시태양광설치의무화태양광하부조경공간을법정조경면적인정 3 1

2. 가용공공부지태양광 100% 보급 공공건물 시설 부지에태양광 243MW 보급 공공건물 87.5 학교 71.6 243MW 상수도 22.4 물재생 8. 2 도로 교량 2.3 ( 단위 : MW ) 철도시설 26 교통 16.8 민자사업으로우선추진, 잔여부지재정투자 중 / 소규모우수부지는클라우드펀드 / 시민펀드추진 지역에너지협동조합등시민참여로지역기반태양광생태계조성 신기술 / 디자인 / 안전성을모두고려, 경제적이고심미적인태양광설치 하천 공원 6.7 복지 2 서울특별시인재개발원주차장 >> 3 2

양천햇빛공유발전소 (95kW) 개화차량기지 (990kW) 3 3 2. 가용공공부지태양광 100% 보급 공공건물 시설 부지에태양광 243MW 보급 협동조합추진 에너지기업추진 클라우드펀드추진 노원구청주차장 (30kW) 시민펀드추진 중랑물재생센터 (700kW)

서울시와충청남도의에너지분권을위한노력 2017 년 6 월 5 일원전하나줄이기 5 주년기념당진 - 수원시장참여, 탈핵 - 탈석탄 -100% 재생가능에너지선언 원전하나줄이기정책전국화방안 5 대광역시사용량의 24% 달성시원전 3 기대체효과 전국으로확대해사용량의 13.3% 달성시원전 14 기대체효과 2017 년 10 월 24 일충남탈석탄 석탄화력발전소의사회적수명결정권한을지자체가갖자. 충청남도는에너지시민과에너지신산업을육성하겠다. 충남도민과함께에너지비전 2050 친환경에너지전환기금을마련해지자체의에너지전환지원 충청남도가탈석탄지자체네트워크구축을제안한다.

에너지분권을위한지역에너지선언 2012 년탈핵에너지전환도시선언 ( 노원구주도 46 개지자체참여 ) 2012 년서울시원전하나줄이기 2015 년지역에너지전환을위한공동선언 ( 서울시 - 경기도 - 충청남도 - 제주도 ) 2016 년에너지전환을위한지방정부협의회 (25 개기초지자체 ) : 회장경기안산시장, 부회장노원구청장, 사무총장사무국당진시 지자체비전목표 서울시 (2015) 경기도 (2015) 에너지살림도시, 서울 2020 년까지원전 2 기대체 경기도에너지비전 2030 2030 년까지노후원전 7 기대체 2035 년최종에너지생산 저감량 2005 년대비 530 만 TOE, 전력자립률 35%, 온실가스 2,150 만톤 CO 2 감축, 신재생에너지이용률 2035 년까지 16% 에너지효율 20%, 신재생에너지생산 20%, 2030 년까지전력자립도 70%( 13 년기준 29.6%) 충청남도 (2015) 제주도 (2012) 도민과함께하는청정 행복 희망에너지 2020 년석탄발전소 3.3 기대체 2020 년까지 15,859 천 TOE 절감, 신재생에너지생산량 2,287TOE 에너지자립 100% 달성 카본프리아일랜드 2030 2020 년까지신재생에너지 50% 대체, 2030 년까지전력사용량 100% 신재생에너지로대체

3 차에너지기본계획수립에지역에너지계획반영

서울시 2020 년 20% 태양도시선언서울에너지공사 경기 2030 년 70% 지역에너지센터안산시에너지비전 2030 충남탈석탄비전 2050 지역에너지센터 ( 준 ) 대구 2030 년전력자립 100% 신재생에너지보급 20% 클린에너지시티부산재생에너지보급 30% 부산에너지공사 ( 준 ) 카본프리아일랜드제주 2030 년 100% 재생에너지제주에너지공사

Distributed Energy System

100% 재생가능에너지지역네트워크

태양도시를위한시민참여기획 태양광분데스리거

태양도시를위한시민참여기획 SOLAR DECATHLON The U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon is a collegiate competition of 10 contests that challenge student teams to design and build full-size, solarpowered houses. The winner of the competition is the team that best blends design excellence and smart energy production with innovation, market potential, and energy and water efficiency.

Achievements of OLNPP Successful implementation of demand control policy at local government level Development of energy policy and enhancement of relevant systems at local government level Emergence and growth of Energy Citizens Energy selfsufficient village, Energy community and Shift from energy consumer to energy producer! Development of city energy transition model with citizens strong engagement Expansion of resources for energy transition; Energy Dream Center, Innovation Park and Seoul Energy Corporation Implementation of energy governance and establishment of executive committee for One Less Nuclear Power Plant initiative 42

System Enhancement Needs for Local Energy Transition 1. Development of a new energy policy framework and reorganization of government structure Radical energy transition policy: Enactment of Energy Transition Basic Law and establishment of Energy Transition Committee (tentative title) to develop and implement the energy transition framework 2. Decentralized energy management: Transfer of authority & resources to local government Expand the authority of local governments heads and hand over power and resources to local governments so that they can exert substantive power and take responsibility 3. Reorganization of electricity industry structure based on strong engagement of citizens and local governments Decentralize energy trading market to grow energy transition economy 4. Issue communication and system improvement through central - local governments council on energy 43

Seoul Metropolitan Government's Energy Policy Tasks 1. Implement decentralization of energy management through cooperation between central and local governments, and enhance energy management systems Identify and propose tasks to improve the central government s energy policies and systems in order to bring about tangible changes in the movement towards phase-out of nuclear power and coal power. Ensure that local governments engage in the central government s development of national energy policy, and facilitate the creation of a consultative body on energy issues between the central government and local governments. 2. Develop services to enhance energy efficiency and grow industries and job opportunities in renewable energy sector Discover and support services and technologies designed to enhance energy efficiency in the sectors such as urban planning, lighting, air conditioning and mobility in order to build a low energy consuming society. The new administration places policy priority on Job Creation and Urban Regeneration. Ensure that Seoul Metropolitan Government develop and incorporate an energy plan in its implementation of urban regeneration initiative, and present its vision for job creation in urban energy sector. 3. Nurture and support energy citizens who have acquired a high awareness of energy issues through One Less Nuclear Power Plant policy Build local energy centers along with self-governing districts, in which energy citizens engage in energy-related activities and enjoy energy services. Ensure that citizens awareness and practice of energy transition result in their economic gains so that energy transition efforts will continue. 44

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