, 1 1.. Ni- MH,, (,, ),,. 2, Zn/ Air 2, 2 2. IT 2,, 2,.,, PDA IT, 2 IT,, 2. Doping Carbon / Carbon Accumulator Zn/ Air 2. 2. 156
, 2010 2 1 2 2 6. ` 2 ( )' 1), 2 2 2 HEPS (Hybrid Electric Power System ) 6, 2004. 4 2. 2, 2. 2. 1) 1. (,,,, -, -., ( 1).,, void. 1 2 2003.12.17 `2 ', 2010 1 2. 157
2. 300 500 1.5. (.. 10 1. 1 2 1 (50 0 ),,,,, P C, PDA,,, 158
,. 3.6..,,,.. 3.6, PCS,,,, MD.. PACK..,,,... Ni- Cd Li- ion.,,, (Li- ion ) Ni- MH. 1.2.. Ni- Cd 1.2,,..,, 159
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, 2) (electron transfer ), electrochemical potential( G/ nf ).,. intercalation chemistry, lithium intercalation, lithium ion transport.. Pole pole (+) ( ),. ( ),, (electron), sink.,,. (system ),., (excited state) (ground state)...,.. (specific capacity ) (capacity density ),.,... intercalation lithium electrochemical potential( G/ nf ),. 4V, 161
, 0 1V lithium intercalated carbon (LIC), 3.6 V... single element sacrificial., intercalation ( ) intercalation..,,.. 2 (reversibility), dimension change. dimension intercalation, (Pb)(Cd). 3) 2 LG, SDI 30, SDI LG 1 2,, Ni- Cd 2, SKC,. 162
, 2. 2 2 LG SDI SKC P ack LG SKC SFA SMC IT 2 IT 2 8. 3. IT 2(200 0 ) ( ) 24 0,10 3 29,2 7 2 2 6 9,3 75 (%) 8 9 % 1 1% 10 0 % 2. 4. 2 (, 20 0 1 ) P C P DA ( ) 15, 12 2 1,50 0 800 30 0 130 (%) 8 5 8 4 2 1 163
2001 890, 2 806 90% 2 324 74.3%, 482 70.7% 2., 2 2000 372 2001 294 20.9%,. 2 (1992 SONY ) 7 2 90%, 5 10. ( )2 3, 4,,,., 2. 5. 2 (, 20 0 2 ) LIB A LB (LIP B ) Can, Foil(Al/ Cu ), PT C,,,, Separator Mixing, Coating, Pres sing, Slitting, Winding, W elding, Grading Mixing, Coating, Pres sing, Slitting, Winding, W elding, Polym erization Mix er, Coater, Roll press, Slitter, W/ M, W elder, Form ation/ Grading,,, 50 70 70 90 50 70 50 80 70 90,, 2,,, EV 30 50 164
, 4). LCD. 10.,, LG, SKC,,.,, 10. LG. 94. 1998 LG,,, 2000.... 400. 19501999 2 20001 4 6, 2 1 2 9 88.2% 2 2 7 2 20.8%, 2001.. (1) 2 70%, IT 2 85%. 165
6. 2 NiCd NiMH Li - ion 199 9 4 3 % 82 % 94 % 65 % 200 0 4 7 % 80 % 94 % 69 % 2,,,,,. 7. Lin e Cap a. ( / ) 3,500 20 0 2 3,500 20 0 1 SA NYO < 3,0 0 0 20 0 2 20 0 2 Ni- MH 20 0 1 S ONY ( 10 0 / ) 20 0 1 4 (50 / ) ( ) New Sunshine Project 1992 10 140 2. (2) 1 4,500 ( 01 6,000 ), 02 1,500 / 2. BYD 2,., IT Motorola, Philips 166
,, 2. BYD 9 9 2( ) 3 ( 19%), 4 (5%) 2 Ce ll (20 0 0 4/ 4 ) - 2.3 2.5 ( MAXELL ) 2, 2. (3) /, 1,, 1990 Mobile IT 2,. 2 SAFT 2, Bellcore,, Polyplus, Moltech 2. (DOE) PNGV 1991 Mobile IT 2, DOC DODARP/ AT P USABC 2, JULIE 1991 17,. GM, Ford (Ford 01 FCHV, Natrium ). (4) 2 1994 4 Consortium. 167
2 9. 9. 2 (200 2. 9 ) - - - In fr a - - - - - - Ven tur e - - - (EC) - In fr a - - Infr a - / - - - R&D - - - - - - - R&D ( ) - - - -,, - -,, Infr a -. (1),, 168
, (2) (3).,,,,,. (1) - (2) - (3) Slurry - (4) - ( ) (5) - (6), -, (7) (8) - (9) - 3., 2. - -. 1991, (3.0V 3.7V). 1998 20021,542 1,253, 289 4.3, 2002 18% 300, 2001 78 10 11. 169
10. ( H0 1M ) ( : ) 19 9 8 20 2 30 2 32 19 9 9 2 6 1 4 4 30 5 20 0 0 2 3 6 6 2 2 98 20 0 1 2 54 7 5 3 29 20 0 2 30 0 7 8 3 78 1,25 3 2 8 9 1,54 2 1 1. 199 8 19 99 20 0 0 20 0 1 20 0 2 SDI 130 20 2 14 7 10 6 7 2 6 57 LG 7 14 6 14 2 4 3 6 5 4 5 8 3 134 12 6 4 53 6 8 7 17 12 50 5 9 7 1 1 1 3 3 0 2 8 6 15 3 1 19 25 4 0 4 1 4 8 173 00, 62%, 33.6%, 2.8%.( 12,13 ) 12. 170
, () 19 98 68 15 7 6 1 19 99 95 19 8 6 6 20 00 10 3 18 3 7 5 20 0 1 1 15 19 8 10 6 20 0 2 13 7 2 2 1 14 6 5 18 9 5 7 4 3 24 13. (Can,P ou ch ) (PT C,P CM ) 199 8 14 15 5 1 15 10 4 0 4 199 9 30 16 5 5 11 13 6 1 8 200 0 2 7 19 10 3 17 17 4 0 6 200 1 2 8 14 3 5 32 15 4 4 10 200 2 17 16 3 4 36 3 3 5 7 16 1 16 80 2 6 18 1 1 1 8 8 2 3 12 4 4 4. 1) 2 19501999 2. 20001 4 6, 2 1 2 9 88.2% 2 2 7 2 20.8%. 171
14. (20 0 0 )( : ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 3 2 8,2 68 15 7,7 24 29,6 10 79 1 5 3 7,64 7 37,5 2 7 1,0 5 2 ( ) 1 2 8 18,4 54 18,4 4 2 24 5 8 4,3 6 9 15 7,7 24 8 5,5 7 9 2,0 8 8 ( )( ) 18 56 6,15 8 2 1,5 5 9,70 5 5 5 7,9 9 1 20,950 5 24 0,10 3 2 3 7,8 6 8 8,3 3 7 ( ) 2 3 2 9,2 7 2 28,3 2 1 9 94 30 4 1 1,18 7 4 0 8,0 8 5 9,2 70 ( ) 4 2 5,0 8 1 25,0 9 8 72 8 13 2 1,7 13 2 1,64 0 16 9 2 1,5 5 9,70 5 ( ) 9 6 1,4 6 5,0 0 8 2 1,7 17,4 2 9 1,4 54,3 4 6 4 4,6 9 9 2) 2, PC, PDA Mobile IT 2 2000 136 2006 178, 2. 1 2000 13% 2006 11%, 2 2000 38% 2006 47%. 2 IT Mobile, 2010 230. 172
, 3. ( :, 2 0 0 2.10 ) 02 63 00 53 19% 04 02 20% 76 ( 2),,,,. 15. ( : ) 20 0 2 20 0 6 20 10 6 3 84 2 30 91, 70%, 2000,. 2002 15.8% 71.6% 13.5% 3., 173
20%. 16. ( : ) 19 9 7 19 9 8 19 9 9 20 0 0 20 0 1 20 0 2 20 0 3 ( ) 20 0 5 ( ) 9 9.9 9 7.4 9 6.9 93.9 7 9.8 7 1.6 6 7.0 54.5-2.5 3.0 3.5 10.5 12.5 13.5 16.5 - - - 2.5 9.6 15.8 19.4 2 8.8 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.2 ( :, 2002.11) 2 IT,,,. 17. 2(, : %) 20 0 0 20 0 5 20 10 (LIB ) 5 2.9 5 2.9 54.1 (LIPB ) 2.2 14.8 18.8 (Ni/ MH) 2 2.9 15.2 14.1 (Ni/ Cd) 2 2.0 17. 1 13.0 (LIB, LIPB) (50%) (38%), ( ),,,. 174
, 4. 2, 2. 18. ( : 2 0 0 0 ) LIB SANYO SONY MBI GSMT T os h ib a Hitach i NEC BYD 29 % 19 % 17% 7 % 7 % 3 % 3 % 8 % 7 % 10 0 % LIPB SONY GSMT MBI SANYO T os h ib a Hitach i NEC 3 1% 34 % 0.4 % 6 % 12 % 1.3 % 0.4 % 14.9 % 10 0 % 2 Mobile IT IT, 2. 2 ( ) 50% 2002 13%. 5. 2010 2 230, 70% 2 2010 69, 40%., 2002 63, 2000 53 19%, 2004 2002 20% 76 175
,,,,.,,, 80%,,,.,,, -,,.,,,,,,. < > www.lily.keri.re.kr/ battery www.bai.or.jp (www.suttong.co.kr www.rocket.co.kr www.ksb.co.kr www.alcaba.com LG : www.lgbattery.com : www.potalenergy.com 2, 2002. 8, : www.etnews.co.kr : www.seoul- keri.re.kr 176