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1 J Korean Acad Nurs Adm ( 간호행정학회지 ) Vol. 21 No. 5, , December 2015 ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) 수간호사의서번트리더십이간호사의조직몰입에미치는영향 : 임파워먼트의매개효과를중심으로 이선영 1 이명하 2 김현경 2 박옥례 1 성병주 1 전북대학교대학원간호학과 1, 전북대학교간호대학 간호과학연구소 2 Effects of Head Nurses Servant Leadership on Organizational Commitment among Clinical Nurses: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Empowerment Lee, Seon Young 1 Lee, Myung Ha 2 Kim, Hyun Kyung 2 Park, Ok Lae 1 Sung, Byung Ju 1 1 Graduate School, College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University 2 College of Nursing, Chonbuk Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University Purpose: This study was performed to identify the mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship between head nurses servant leadership and organizational commitment among clinical nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A convenience sample of 249 nurses was recruited from three hospitals located in J province, South Korea. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires, including general characteristics, servant leadership, empowerment, and organizational commitment. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and linear regression using the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Head nurses servant leadership perceived by clinical nurses significantly influenced their organization commitment. Empowerment partly mediated the effect of servant leadership on organizational commitment. Conclusion: The findings suggest the importance of improving nurse managers servant leadership and empowering nurses to increase their organizational commitment. Key Words: Servant leadership, Empowerment, Organizational commitment, Nurses 서론 1. 연구의필요성급격한경영환경의변화와더불어의료환경역시빠르게변화하고있으며, 국민의권리의식향상과함께질적인의료서비스에대한요구가증가하고있다. 병원이이러한변화요구에적극적으로대처하고경쟁력을확보하기위해서는인적 자원의효율적인관리가무엇보다도중요하다. 즉관리자의리더십과조직구성원의성과지향적인행동을비롯한인적자원과관련된역량이조직의핵심요소로부각되고있으며, 이러한관점에서조직구성원의조직몰입은성과에중요한영향을미치는요인으로인식되고있다 [1]. 조직몰입은조직에대한구성원개인의감정을반영하는포괄적인개념으로, 개인이조직의목표와가치에대해동일화하고내재화하는과정에서발생하는조직에대한긍정적이고 주요어 : 서번트리더십, 임파워먼트, 조직몰입, 간호사 Corresponding author: Kim, Hyun Kyung College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: , Fax: , kimhk@jbnu.ac.kr Received: Nov 10, 2015 Revised: Dec 7, 2015 Accepted: Dec 8, 2015 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. c 2015 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

2 수간호사의서번트리더십이간호사의조직몰입에미치는영향 : 임파워먼트의매개효과를중심으로 우호적인감정을말한다 [2]. 간호사의조직몰입은조직의성과나이직등의조직상황에대한예측력이높다는점에서조직의유효성을평가하는주요변인이며 [3], 조직에대한개인의태도에영향을미치므로중요한의미가있다. 병원의복잡한협력관계와상호작용이요구되는업무수행과정에서리더십은관리자가가져야할필수적인역량이다. 간호관리자는간호조직의성과와간호사의만족도를증진시키기위해서효과적인리더십을발휘해야하며, 급변하는환경속에서변화를주도하기위해서는새로운리더십기술을지속적으로개발해야한다 [4]. 간호사의조직몰입을높일수있는리더십으로최근서번트리더십이주목을받고있다. 전통적인리더십에대한새로운대안으로주목받고있는서번트리더십은인간의존엄성과가치를바탕으로부하들을존중하고부하들에게창의성을발휘할기회를제공함으로써자기발전을돕는리더십이다 [5]. 기존의전통적리더들이자신을우선으로생각하고조직을관리하고통제하여어떤목표를달성하는리더의역할에초점을두었다면, 서번트리더는자신을서번트로인식하고구성원들이성장하고성공할수있도록돕는것을리더의역할로규정하고있다 [6]. 다수의인력들이팀을구성하여업무를수행하고다양한직종의타전문인력들과협력하여서비스업무를수행하는간호사의경우에도이러한서번트리더십은매우유용하다고볼수있다 [7]. 이와관련하여간호관리자의서번트리더십이간호사의조직몰입에긍정적인영향을미치는것으로보고되고있다 [8-10]. 조직몰입을높이는또다른요인으로임파워먼트가제시되어오고있다. 임파워먼트는조직을위해중요한일을할수있는힘이나능력이있다는확신을구성원들에게심어주는과정으로서권한배분을통해구성원들이적극적인동기부여를받고업무수행과정에서자신감과힘을가지고일할수있도록해주며구성원들의업무의욕과성취감을높여준다 [4,11]. 간호사들이힘을가지고자신의역할을충분히잘해내고직업에대한자부심을가지고업무에임하기위해서는무엇보다도임파워먼트가요구되며 [3], 임파워먼트는간호사들이자발적으로업무에참여하도록유도하여조직몰입을높일수있다 [9,12-15]. 이러한임파워먼트는간호관리자의서번트리더십에의해증진될수있는것으로보고되고있다 [14]. 이렇듯선행연구들에서간호관리자의서번트리더십이간호사의조직몰입과임파워먼트에긍정적인영향을미치고또한간호사의임파워먼트는조직몰입을증진시킨다고보고되어왔으나, 간호관리자의서번트리더십과간호사의조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트가매개역할을하는지에대해서는알 려진바가없다. 타학문분야에서는중소기업조직의관리자 [16] 와호텔종사원 [17] 등을대상으로서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과가보고된바있어, 간호영역에서도이를실증적으로검증해볼필요가있다. 따라서본연구에서는간호사가지각하는수간호사의서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를확인함으로써간호인력의효율적인관리와조직성과의향상에기여하는조직몰입을높이기위한방안을모색하고자한다. 2. 연구목적본연구의구체적인목적은다음과같다. 간호사가지각한수간호사의서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입의정도를파악한다. 간호사가지각한수간호사의서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입간의상관관계를파악한다. 간호사의일반적특성에따른서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입의차이를파악한다. 간호사가지각한수간호사의서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를파악한다. 연구방법 1. 연구설계본연구는간호사가지각한수간호사의서번트리더십과조직몰입간의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를규명하기위한서술적조사연구이다. 2. 연구대상본연구는 J도에위치한 500병상이상의 2개상급종합병원과 1개종합병원에근무하는일반간호사들을대상으로편의표집하였다. 구체적인선정기준은해당병원의병동이나특수부서 ( 응급실, 수술실, 마취과, 중환자실, 투석실 ) 에근무하는일반간호사로서임상경력이 6개월이상인자로하였다. 임상경력을 6개월이하로제한한이유는신규간호사의경우입사초기에교육과수습과정을거치기때문에수간호사의서번트리더십과조직몰입을측정하는데제한이있다고판단했기때문이다. 표본크기를산출하기위하여 G*Power 프로그램 [18] Vol. 21 No. 5,

3 이선영 이명하 김현경등 을사용하였다. 회귀분석을위해 Linear multiple regression model 을이용하였고효과크기 =.15 ( 중간 ), =.05, 검정력 (1-β)=.80, 예측요인의수를 11개로지정하여표본크기를산출한결과 123명이었다. 자기기입식설문조사및간호부를통한설문지회수의특성상회수율이낮거나탈락률이높을가능성을고려하여 310명을대상으로설문지를배부하였다. 이중 290부가회수되어회수율은 93.5% 였으며, 불성실하게응답한 41명의설문지를제외한 249명의자료를분석에이용하였다. 3. 연구도구연구도구는자기보고형설문지를사용하였고, 서번트리더십, 임파워먼트, 조직몰입과일반적특성조사지로구성되어있다. 1) 서번트리더십대상자가지각하는수간호사의서번트리더십을측정하기위하여본연구는 Laub[5] 이개발한 Servant Organizational Leadership Assessment (SOLA) 도구를 Shin과 Chang[6] 이사용한 33문항의도구를사용하였다. 서번트리더십은청지기정신 (14문항), 성장지원 (7문항), 공동체형성 (8문항), 비전제시 (4문항) 의 4개영역으로구성되어있다. 간호학교수 2인과임상경력 10년이상의간호사 3인이문항의어휘를간호상황에적합하게수정하였다. 각항목은 전혀그렇지않다 1점에서 매우그렇다 5점까지의 Likert 척도로서점수가높을수록수간호사의서번트리더십이높은것을의미한다. Cronbach's 값은 Shin과 Chang[6] 의연구에서.88~.95였으며, 본연구에서는.97이었다. 2) 임파워먼트간호사가지각하는임파워먼트를측정하기위하여본연구는 Spreitzer[19] 가개발한 Texts of Items Measuring Empowerment 를 Kim과 Lee[3] 가번안한도구를사용하였다. 이도구는의미성 (3문항), 역량 (3문항), 자기결정성 (3문항) 및효과성 (3문항) 의 4개하위영역, 총 12문항으로구성되어있다. 각문항에대하여 1점 전혀그렇지않다 에서 5점 매우그렇다 까지 5점 Likert 척도로구성되어있으며, 점수가높을수록대상자의임파워먼트정도가높은것을의미한다. Cronbach's 값은 Spreitzer[19] 가개발당시.72, Kim과 Lee[3] 의연구에서는.89였으며, 본연구에서는.91이었다. 3) 조직몰입간호사의조직몰입을측정하기위하여본연구에서는 Mowday, Porter와 Steers[2] 가개발하고 Lee[20] 가번안한조직몰입척도 (Organizational Commitment Scale) 를사용하였다. 이도구는총 15개문항으로, 각문항에대하여 1점 전혀그렇지않다 에서 7점 매우그렇다 까지 Likert 7점척도로이루어져있다. 도구의점수가높을수록대상자의조직몰입수준이높음을의미한다. 본도구의신뢰도 Cronbach's 값은 Lee[20] 의연구에서.89였으며, 본연구에서는.92였다. 4) 일반적특성대상자의일반적특성은연령, 성별, 교육수준, 결혼상태, 근무부서및임상경력을포함하였다. 4. 자료수집본연구는 2014년 5월 12일부터 5월 30일까지연구자가연구대상인 3개병원의간호부서장에게연구의목적과방법을설명하고동의와협조를받아진행되었다. 설문지는수간호사를통해각단위의간호사들에게배부하였으며, 연구에의참여를희망하는대상자는동봉된연구참여동의서를작성한후설문에응하도록하였다. 작성된설문지는대상자가자기보고식으로작성하여서류봉투에넣어밀봉한후수간호사를통해간호부로취합, 회수되었다. 5. 윤리적고려대상자의윤리적측면을고려하기위하여본연구는기관생명윤리심의위원회의승인 (IRB NO: WKUH HRE- 043) 을받아이루어졌다. 본연구의목적과절차, 대상자의익명성유지및비밀보장등에관한설명문을제공한후연구참여에서면으로동의한대상자에한해설문지를작성하도록하였다. 설문지작성도중언제라도연구참여를철회할수있으며, 조사내용은오직연구및출판목적으로만사용될것임을설명하였다. 설문작성완료후에는연구참여자에게감사의표시로소정의선물을제공하였다. 6. 자료분석수집된자료는 SPSS/WIN 22.0 프로그램을이용하여분석하였다. 554 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

4 수간호사의서번트리더십이간호사의조직몰입에미치는영향 : 임파워먼트의매개효과를중심으로 대상자의일반적특성, 서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입정도는기술통계를이용하여분석하였다. 대상자가지각한서번트리더십, 임파워먼트와조직몰입간의상관관계는 Pearson s correlation coefficients로분석하였다. 대상자의일반적특성에따른서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입의차이를분석하기위하여 independent t-test, One-way ANOVA와 Scheffe test 를실시하였다. 대상자가지각한서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를검증하기위하여 Baron과 Kenny[21] 의절차에따라 3단계회귀분석을실시하였다. 매개효과검증을위한첫번째단계에서대상자의일반적특성인연령, 교육수준, 결혼상태, 근무부서및임상경력을가변수처리하여통제한상태에서독립변수인서번트리더십이매개변수인임파워먼트에유의한영향을미치는지분석하였다. 두번째단계에서는대상자의일반적특성을통제한상태에서독립변수인서번트리더십이종속변수인조직몰입에미치는영향을확인하였다. 세번째단계에서는대상자의일반적특성을통제한상태에서독립변수인서번트리더십과매개변수인임파워먼트가종속변수인조직몰입에미치는영향을확인하여임파워먼트의매개효과를검증하였다. Sobel test[22] 를사용하여매개효과의유의성검증을실시하였다. 회귀모형에서종속변수의자기상관은 Durbin-Watson 지수, 독립변수들간의다중공선성은분산팽창지수 (Variance Inflation Factor, VIF) 를사용하여확인하였다. 연구결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성대상자의연령은 20~29세가 43.8% 로가장많았고 30~39 세는 39.8% 였다. 성별은여성이 99.2% 로대부분을차지하였다. 결혼상태는미혼이 62.7%, 교육정도는 4년제대학교졸업 이 59.8% 로가장많았다. 근무부서는병동근무자가 60.6% 를차지하였으며, 임상경력은 5년미만이 44.2% 였다 (Table 1). 2. 대상자가지각한서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입정도 대상자가지각한수간호사의서번트리더십점수는 5점만점에 3.60±0.54점이었고, 임파워먼트점수는 5점만점에 3.54±0.49 점이었으며, 조직몰입점수는 7점만점에 4.41± 0.81점으로나타났다 (Table 2). 3. 대상자가지각한서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입간의상관관계 서번트리더십, 임파워먼트, 리더신뢰및조직몰입간의상관관계를분석한결과서번트리더십은임파워먼트 (r=.42, p<.001), 조직몰입 (r=.41, p<.001) 과통계적으로유의한양의상관관계를나타냈다. 즉대상자가지각한수간호사의 Table 1. General Characteristics of Participants (N=249) Characteristics Categories n(%) Gender Male 2(0.8) Female 247 (99.2) Age (year) 20~29 30~39 40 Education Marital status Work unit Clinical career (year) Diploma Bachelor Graduate school Single Married Medical unit Surgical unit Special unit <5 5~< (43.8) 99(39.8) 41(16.4) 78(31.3) 149 (59.8) 22 (8.9) 156 (62.7) 93(37.3) 75(30.1) 76(30.5) 98(39.4) 110 (44.2) 72(28.9) 67(26.9) Table 2. Servant Leadership, Empowerment, and Organizational Commitment (N=249) Variables M±SD Minimum Maximum Range Servant leadership 3.60± ~5 Empowerment 3.54± ~5 Organizational commitment 4.41± ~7 Vol. 21 No. 5,

5 이선영 이명하 김현경등 서번트리더십이높을수록임파워먼트와조직몰입정도가높았다. 또한대상자의임파워먼트와조직몰입간에도유의한양의상관관계를나타내어 (r=.47, p <.001), 대상자의임파워먼트정도가높을수록조직몰입정도가높았다 (Table 3). 4. 대상자의일반적특성에따른서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입의차이연구대상자의일반적특성에따른서번트리더십, 임파워먼트및조직몰입의차이를분석한결과는 Table 4와같다. 대상자의일반적특성에따른서번트리더십의정도는연령, 결혼상태, 교육정도, 근무부서및임상경력에따라통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 (p>.05). 대상자의일반적특성에따른임파워먼트정도는결혼상태에따라통계적으로유의한차이가있었는데, 기혼인간호사군이미혼인간호사군에비해임파워먼트정도가높았다 Table 3. Correlations among Study Variables (N=249) (t=13.72, p<.001). 대상자의연령, 교육정도및임상경력에따라서도임파워먼트정도에차이가있었는데, 사후검정결과연령이 40세이상인군이 40세미만인군에비해 (F=6.18, p<.001), 대학원졸업이상인군이대학졸업이하인군에비해 (F=8.19, p <.001), 임상경력이 10년이상인군이 10년미만인군에비해 (F=13.95, p<.001) 임파워먼트정도가높았다. 근무부서에따라서는임파워먼트정도에유의한차이가없는것으로나타났다 (p>.05). 일반적특성에따른조직몰입정도는결혼상태에따라유의한차이를보여기혼인군이미혼인군에비해조직몰입정도가높았다 (t=3.30, p=.001). 대상자의연령, 근무부서및임상경력에따라서도조직몰입에차이가있었는데, 사후검정결과연령이 40세이상인군이 40세미만인군에비해 (F= 8.60, p<.001), 특수부서에근무하는간호사군이내과계병동에근무하는간호사군에비해 (F=3.43, p=.034), 10년이상근무한군이 10년미만근무자에비해 (F=6.93, p<.001) 조직몰입정도가높았다. 대상자의교육정도에따라서는조직몰입정도에유의한차이가없는것으로나타났다 (p>.05). Variables Servant leadership r(p) Empowerment.42 Organizational commitment.41 Empowerment r(p) 서번트리더십과조직몰입간의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과매개효과를검정하기전에종속변수의자기상관과독립변수들간의다중공선성을검토하였다. 대상자의일반적특성을 Table 4. Servant Leadership, Empowerment, and Organizational Commitment according to General Characteristics (N=249) Characteristics Age (year) Categories 20~29 a 30~39 b 40 c Servant leadership Empowerment Organizational commitment M±SD 3.57± ± ±0.54 F or t (p) Scheffe 0.92 (.400) M±SD 3.40± ± ±0.51 F or t (p) Scheffe 6.18 c>a, b M±SD 4.25± ± ±0.87 F or t (p) Scheffe 8.60 c>a, b Marital status Single Married 3.60± ± (.812) 3.46± ± ± ± (.001) Education Diploma Bachelor Graduate school 3.55± ± ± (.404) 3.43± ± ± ± ± ± (.278) Work unit Medical unit a Surgical unit b Special unit c 3.58± ± ± (.273) 3.51± ± ± (.680) 4.22± ± ± (.034) c>a Clinical career (year) <5 a 5~<10 b 10 c 3.58± ± ± (.414) 3.40± ± ± c>a, b 4.28± ± ± (.001) c>a, b 556 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

6 수간호사의서번트리더십이간호사의조직몰입에미치는영향 : 임파워먼트의매개효과를중심으로 통제하기위하여 independent t-test와 One-way ANOVA 검정에서유의한차이를보였던연령, 교육정도, 결혼상태, 근무부서및근무경력을가변수처리하여분석에투입하였다 (Table 5). 그결과 Durbin-Watson 지수는 2.02 (1.885< d<4-du=2.115) 로 2에가까우며 du ( 상한값 ) 와 4-du 사이에존재하여종속변수가자기상관이없이독립적임을확인하였다. 분산팽창지수 (VIF) 는 1.25~3.71 로모두 10보다작아서독립변수간다중공선성은없는것으로나타나매개효과검정을실시하였다. 대상자가지각한서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를분석하기위하여, Baron 과 Kenny[21] 의 3단계회귀분석에따라검증한결과는 Table 5와같다. 매개효과를검정하는 1단계에서독립변수가매개변수에미치는영향을검정한결과대상자의일반적특성을통제한상태에서독립변수인서번트리더십은매개변수인임파워먼트에통계적으로유의한영향을주는것으로나타났다. 즉간호사가지각한수간호사의서번트리더십이높을수록임파워먼트가높았으며 (β=.40, p <.001), 설명력은 26.4% 였다. 2단계 에서독립변수가종속변수에미치는영향을분석한결과독립변수인대상자의일반적특성을통제한상태에서서번트리더십은종속변수인조직몰입에통계적으로유의한영향을미치는것으로나타났다. 즉간호사가지각한수간호사의서번트리더십이높을수록조직몰입이높았으며 (β=.40, p<.001), 설명력은 22.3% 였다. 마지막 3단계에서, 독립변수와매개변수가동시에종속변수에미치는영향을분석한결과대상자의일반적특성을통제한상태에서매개변수인임파워먼트는종속변수인조직몰입에유의한영향을주어 (β=.31, p<.001) 매개효과가있는것으로나타났다. 이때독립변수인서번트리더십또한종속변수인조직몰입에유의한영향을주므로 (β=.27, p<.001), 임파워먼트는서번트리더십이조직몰입에미치는영향을부분매개하는것으로나타났다. 임파워먼트의매개효과크기에대한유의성검증을위해 Sobel 검정 [22] 을실시한결과, 대상자가지각한서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트는매개효과가있는것으로나타났다 (z=4.05, p<.001). Table 5. Medicating Effect of Empowerment in the Relationship between Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment Variables Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Servant leadership Empowerment Servant leadership Organizational commitment Servant leadership, Empowerment Organizational commitment B β t p B β t p B β t p (Constant) < < Age (30~39) Age ( 40) Marital status (single) Education (bachelor) Education ( master) Work unit (surgical) Work unit (special) Clinical career (5~<10) Clinical career ( 10) Servant leadership < < <.001 Empowerment <.001 R 2 =.29, Adj. R 2 =.26, F=9.91, p<.001 R 2 =.26, Adj. R 2 =.22, F=8.13, p<.001 R 2 =.32, Adj. R 2 =.29, F=10.35, p<.001 Dummy variables: age (referent:<30), education (referent: diploma), marital status (referent: married), work unit (referent: medical), clinical career (referent:<5 years); Sobel test: z=4.05, p<.001. Vol. 21 No. 5,

7 이선영 이명하 김현경등 논의본연구는수간호사의서번트리더십과간호사의조직몰입간의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를규명하였으며, 주요연구결과를중심으로다음과같이논의하고자한다. 제변수의서술적통계를분석한결과대상자의서번트리더십정도는 5점만점에평균 3.60점이었다. 이는본연구와측정도구는다르지만선행연구들에서대학병원이나종합병원간호사들이인지하는수간호사의서번트리더십정도가 5 점만점에 3.55~3.67점 [8,14] 이었던결과와유사하다. 본연구대상자의조직몰입정도는 7점만점에평균 4.41점이었는데, 이는본연구와동일한측정도구를사용하여종합병원에근무하는간호사들의조직몰입정도를측정한선행연구들 [3,13] 에서의 4.28~4.70 점과유사한결과를나타냈다. 대상자의임파워먼트정도는 5점만점에평균 3.54점으로, 본연구와같은도구를사용한선행연구들 [3,13] 에서종합병원간호사들의임파워먼트정도가 3.60~3.61 점이었던결과와유사하다. 본연구에서는 Baron과 Kenny[21] 의 3단계회귀분석에따라서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를검증하였다. 1단계에서서번트리더십이임파워먼트에미치는영향을분석한결과, 간호사가지각하는수간호사의서번트리더십은임파워먼트를높이는데유의한영향을미치는것으로나타나간호관리자의서번트리더십이간호사의임파워먼트에유의한영향요인으로확인되었던선행연구 [14] 의결과를지지한다. 서번트리더십은구성원들의존엄성과가치를존중하고, 리더자신이책임을지고구성원들을보호하고유지하며, 개개인이직업적으로성장하고발전하도록돕고지원하는속성을가지고있기때문에 [4], 간호사가조직을위해중요한일을할수있는힘이나능력이있다는확신을가지고일하도록임파워링하는데긍정적인영향을미치는것으로생각된다. 이러한측면에서간호관리자의서번트리더십발휘는간호사들의임파워먼트증진에중요한역할을담당할것으로기대된다. 매개효과를확인하기위한 2단계로서서번트리더십이조직몰입에미치는영향을분석한결과간호사가지각하는수간호사의서번트리더십은조직몰입에도유의한영향을미치는것으로나타났는데, 이는관리자의서번트리더십이병원종사자들의조직몰입을높이고 [23], 간호관리자의서번트리더십이높을수록간호사들의조직몰입이높았던선행연구들 [8-10] 의결과를지지한다. 서번트리더십을발휘하는리더는조직의비전과목표를명확히제시하고, 구성원들이서로관 심과목표를공유하고소속감과유대감을가지고서로협력하는공동체의식을조성하기때문에 [4], 간호사들의조직몰입을높이는데유용한리더십이라고생각된다. 서번트리더십은간호학분야에서최근에관심을받기시작한리더십유형으로서추후연구들을통해서번트리더십이조직의성과에미치는영향을좀더명확히규명해나갈필요가있겠다. 매개효과를검증하는 3단계에서매개변수는종속변수에유의한영향을주지만독립변수는종속변수에유의한영향을주지않고 2단계에서의독립변수의비표준화계수보다 3단계에서의비표준화계수가작을때매개변수는완전매개하며, 매개변수가종속변수에영향을주고독립변수역시종속변수에유의한영향을주는경우에는부분매개라고한다 [24]. 본연구에서는대상자의서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를검증한결과, 임파워먼트는서번트리더십과조직몰입사이에서부분매개역할을하는것으로나타났다. 즉일반간호사가지각한서번트리더십은임파워먼트를증가시키고증가된임파워먼트가매개역할을하여조직몰입을증가시킨다는것이다. 이는간호사를대상으로한선행연구가거의없어직접적인비교는어렵지만, 중소기업에근무하는관리자를대상으로임파워먼트가서번트리더십과조직몰입과의관계에서부분매개효과를주는것으로나타난선행연구 [16] 의결과를지지한다. 또한호텔레스토랑종사원을대상으로한 Rho[17] 의연구에서지배인의서번트리더십이임파워먼트의매개적역할을통해조직몰입에유의한영향을미치는것으로나타난결과를지지한다. 간호관리자가인간의존엄성과가치를바탕으로간호사들을존중하고창의력을발휘할수있는기회를제공하는서번트리더십을발휘하게되면간호사는환자를간호하는데간호사라는직위가부여한권한뿐만아니라간호지식등다양한유형의권한을스스로함양하고발휘하여간호업무를효과적으로수행하게되며 [14], 이렇게임파워된간호사는조직의업무에헌신하고조직과동일시하는성향이강하게되어조직몰입이높아진다고볼수있다본연구를통해수간호사의서번트리더십이간호사의임파워먼트에영향을미치고증가된임파워먼트가매개역할을하여조직몰입을증가시킨다는것이확인되었다. 간호사의조직몰입이높아지면간호업무성과를높이는동시에간호서비스의질을높여환자만족을증대시키고, 결과적으로병원의효율성을극대화할수있게되므로, 조직성과에있어서번트리더십과임파워먼트는중요한영향요인이된다고할수있다. 본연구결과를토대로수간호사의서번트리더십역량을강화 558 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

8 수간호사의서번트리더십이간호사의조직몰입에미치는영향 : 임파워먼트의매개효과를중심으로 할수있는교육및훈련프로그램과더불어간호사의임파워먼트증진을위한정보공개와참여제도확대, 혁신활동지원, 책임부여, 내적보상제공등의다양한관리방안의수립과그실천이요구된다. 결론본연구는수간호사의서번트리더십과간호사의조직몰입의관계에있어서임파워먼트의매개효과를규명함으로써효율적인간호인력관리와간호업무의생산성향상을위한기초자료를제공하고자시도되었다. 연구결과서번트리더십, 임파워먼트와조직몰입간에는유의한양의상관관계가있었으며, 임파워먼트는간호사가지각한수간호사의서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서부분매개역할을하는것으로나타났다. 즉서번트리더십은조직몰입과의관계에서직접적인효과뿐아니라임파워먼트를통하여긍정적인영향을미치는것으로나타나, 수간호사가발휘하는서번트리더십은일반간호사를임파워링시키고이는간호사의조직몰입을증진시킬수있음을확인하였다. 따라서간호사의조직몰입을증진하기위해서는수간호사들을대상으로서번트리더십을함양하기위한교육뿐아니라간호사의임파워먼트를증진하기위한다양한프로그램을개발하여운영할필요가있다. 본연구의결과를기반으로다음을제언한다. 첫째, 본연구는일지역의간호사를대상으로하였으므로전국규모의반복연구를통해서번트리더십과조직몰입의관계에서임파워먼트의매개효과를재확인할필요가있다. 둘째, 간호관리자들의서번트리더십발휘와간호사들의임파워먼트증진을위한프로그램을개발하여그효과를검증하는연구가필요하다. REFERENCES 1. Hong KP, Yoon DY. The effect of servant leadership on organizational commitment: The mediating effects of the psychological capital. The Korean Academic Association of Business Administration. 2013;26(7): Mowday RT, Porter LW, Steers RM. Employee organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism and turnover. New York: Academic Press; Kim ES, Lee MH. A study on empowerment related factors of clinical nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. 2001;7(1): Kim IS, Jang KS, Lee MH, Han NS, Lee T, Kim JS, et al. Nursing management. 4th ed. Seoul: Hyunmoon; Laub JA. Assessing the servant organization: Development of the servant organizational leadership (SOLA) instrument [Dissertation (Ed. D.)]. Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University; Shin SH, Chang YC. A study on the influence of servant leadership on employees trust on leader - Focusing on the leader trust in the historical context of servant leadership. The Review of Business History. 2011;26(2): Waterman H. Principles of servant leadership and how they can enhance practice. Nursing Management (Harrow). 2011; 17(9): Chung S. The effect of nurse manager s servant leadership on nurse s job satisfaction and organizational commitment [master s thesis]. Incheon: Gachon University; Yoon SS, Ryu SW. Effects of servant leadership and empowerment on justice of performance appraisal and organizational commitment of clinical nurse. Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics. 2015;49(2): Park MH, Hwang CJ. Relationship between servant leadership of nurse managers and positive thinking and organizational commitment of nurses. Korean Comparative Government Review. 2015;19(1): Kanter RM. Men and women of the corporation. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Basic Books; Koh MS. A study on the influence of empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of clinical nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. 2003; 9(3): Oh EH, Chung BY. The effect of empowerment on nursing performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention in hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. 2011;17(4): Seo BM. The influence of nurse manager s servant leadership on nurse s empowerment. [master s thesis]. Busan: Catholic University of Pusan; Yom YH, Choi KS. The effects of psychological empowerment and transformational leadership on organizational commitment among hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. 2005;11(3): Park DS, Kim YH. Servant leadership and organizational effectiveness: Mediating effect of empowerment and trust. Korean Business Education Review. 2010;61: Rho SJ. The effect of managers servant leadership on organizational commitment in upscale hotels: Focused on mediating effect of empowerment. International Journal of Tourism Vol. 21 No. 5,

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