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1 Original Article Korean J Health Promot 2017;17(4): pissn: eissn: 한국어판임파워링리더십측정도구의신뢰도와타당도검증 김은경 1, 김세영 2, 정면숙 3, 김종경 4, 유선주 5 1 충북대학교간호학과, 2 창원대학교간호학과, 3 경상대학교간호대학건강과학연구원, 4 단국대학교간호대학, 5 목포대학교간호학과 Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire Eun Kyung Kim 1, Se Young Kim 2, Myun Sook Jung 3, Jong Kyung Kim 4, Sun Ju You 5 1 Department of Nursing, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea 2 Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea 3 College of Nursing, Institute of Health Science, Gyungsang National University, Jinju, Korea 4 College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea 5 Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea Background: The manager's empowering leadership has been reported to have a positive impact on employees' psychological empowerment, motivation, creativity, and increase commitment and turnover intentions. However, there is a lack of Korean version of empowering leadership tools that have been verified for validity and reliability, so that they can be applied to Korean nursing organizations. The aim of this study was to develop the Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire (K-ELQ) and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: Translation of the K-ELQ was validated through forward-backward translation. Participants were 322 staff nurses working in four general hospitals in South Korea. To test reliability and validity, content validity index, Cronbach s alpha, Pearson s correlation, confirmatory factor analysis were used. Results: The K-ELQ consisted of 34 items to evaluate empowering leadership of nursing managers. Construct validity of K-ELQ was verified by confirmatory factor analysis (CMIN/DF=2.72, Root Mean square Residual=0.03, Goodness of Fit Index=0.91, Normal Fit Index=0.87). Cronbach s alpha was Criterion validity compared to the psychological empowerment of nurses showed significant correlation (r=0.19, P=0.001). Conclusions: The K-ELQ is an appropriate instrument to measure empowering leadership of nursing managers. Further studies are needed to utilize K-ELQ in leadership education and to identify related factors of empowering leadership. Korean J Health Promot 2017;17(4): Keywords: Power, Leadership, Validation studies, Nurses 서 론 1. 연구의필요성 Received: September 22, 2017 Accepted: November 22, 2017 Corresponding author: Se Young Kim, PhD, RN Department of Nursing, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon 51140, Korea Tel: , Fax: sarakimk@changwon.ac.kr 최근조직들은급변하는환경에적응하고경쟁력을갖추기위해서과거통제중심의수직적구조에서권한과책임이위임된수평적구조로변화하고있다. 병원들도합리적경영과조직성과를개선하기위한방안으로관리자리더십 Copyright c 2017 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 276 Korean J Health Promot Vol. 17, No. 4, 2017 의중요성을인식하게되었다. 특히병원에서서비스접점에있는간호사는병원경영의핵심적인전문인력이기때문에, 1) 병원의성공을위해서간호관리자의역할과책임은중요하고, 2) 실제로간호관리자의리더십행동은간호사들의목표달성능력에영향을주는것으로나타났다. 3,4) 또한직원의요구를지원하는리더십유형은간호사들의업무환경인식에영향을주고, 소진을감소시켰다. 5) 체계적고찰에서간호관리자의리더십유형은조직이목표를달성하는데영향을주었다. 6) 이와같이관리자의리더십행동은직원들에게영향을주며, 7) 특히임파워링리더는직원이조직에서자신의업무가갖는의미를인식하도록돕고, 직원의역량에대한믿음을표현하고, 직원이업무에서결정하도록자율성을제공하고, 직원이의사결정에참여하도록격려한다. 8) 이러한관리자의임파워링리더십은권한을공유하여직원들을내적으로동기부여시킨다. 9) 또한관리자의임파워링리더십은직원들의심리적임파워먼트에긍정적인영향을미치고, 직원들의동기부여와창의성에긍정적인영향을주었으며, 8) 직원들의몰입을높이고이직의도를낮추는것으로보고되었다. 10) 국내에서임파워링리더십은주로경영학분야에서연구되었으며, 직무몰입, 조직몰입, 조직시민행동, 11,12) 직무열의, 13) 혁신행동, 창의성, 14-16) 동기부여, 17) 갈등관리, 18) 서비스질 19) 등에영향을미치는것으로보고되었다. 그러나아직까지간호관리자의임파워링리더십을조사한연구는소수에불과하다. 20) 한편 Arnold 등 21) 이팀구성원들의임파워먼트를높이는리더의행동에초점을맞추어개발한임파워링리더십측정도구 (empowering leadership questionnaire, ELQ) 는국내외에서경영이나교육분야에서주로사용되어왔다. ELQ 도구는솔선수범 (leading by example), 코칭 (coaching), 참여적의사결정 (participative decision making), 정보제공 (information), 관심표출 (showing concern) 5개하부영역의총 38개문항으로구성되었으며, 대부분의경영학연구들에서 ELQ 도구의일부문항들이축약형으로사용되었다. 12,13,15,16,19) 그러나임파워링리더십과관련해서국내간호조직에적용할수있도록번역되어그타당도와신뢰도가검증된도구는부족한실정이다. 이러한맥락에서간호조직에서관리자의리더십을개선하고간호사들의임파워먼트를높이는데활용하기위해서타당도와신뢰도가검증된한국어판임파워링리더십측정도구의개발이필요하다. 2. 연구목적 본연구의목적은임파워링리더십측정도구 (ELQ) 를간 호조직에적용할수있도록번역하고, 내용타당도, 구성타당도, 준거타당도, 내적일관성신뢰도를검증함으로써향후국내간호조직에서임파워링리더십을측정하는연구에사용할수있도록한국어판도구를개발하는것이다. 방법 1. 연구설계 본연구는 Arnold 등 21) 이개발한임파워링리더십측정도구 (ELQ) 를한국어로번역하고, 한국어판 ELQ 도구의타당도와신뢰도를검증하는방법론적연구이다. 2. 연구대상및자료수집방법본연구는충북대학교의연구윤리심의위원회로부터승인 (IRB No: CBNU BMSB ) 을받은후자료수집하였다. 자료수집을위해편의표집에의해선정된국내 4개종합병원의간호부에연구목적과연구내용을설명하고허락을받았다. 연구자가각병동을방문하여연구대상간호사에게연구내용, 선정기준, 동의서작성방법및회수방법, 비밀보장과철회권리에대해교육한후서면동의를받았다. 설문작성은간호사들이자유로이의사표현을할수있도록프라이버시가보장된장소에서작성한후, 밀봉봉투에넣어회수하였다. 자료수집은 2017년 8월동안시행되었으며, 총 400부를배부하여 378부가회수되었다 (94.5%). 이중응답이불충분한 56부를제외하고, 최종 322부를분석에사용하였다. 3. 연구절차 1) 도구번역 ELQ의개발자 Arnold 와이메일교신을통해번역및사용승인을받았다. 먼저연구자가 38문항의영문원도구를한글로번역하였고 (forward translation), 검토와수정은간호조직관리분야와도구개발연구의경험이풍부한간호학과교수 4인이시행하였다. 수정된한국어판도구는영어와한글에능통한영문학박사로간호대학에재직하고있는교수가역번역 (back translation) 하였다. 역번역자와번역자간에는상호독립성을유지하였다. 역번역한항목들의의미의유사성을검토한결과, 37번문항은의미상재수정이필요하였다. 원본의의미를정확히번안하기위해일차번역자와역번역자간의논의를거쳐, 한국어판 ELQ 예비도구의 38개문항을완성하였다.

3 Eun Kyung Kim, et al. Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire 277 2) 내용타당도조사전문가집단을대상으로예비도구에서하부영역별문항의적절성과문항의가독성에대한전문가의견의일치정도를조사하였다. Content validity index (CVI) 는각문항에대하여 4점 Likert 척도로 매우적합하지않다 1점, 적합하지않다 2점, 적합하다 3점, 매우적합하다 4점으로평가하여, 각항목당 3점과 4점에대한응답비율을평가하였다. 각항목당 3점과 4점에대한응답비율이 0.8 이상인경우적절한것으로해석한다. 본연구에서간호학교수 5인과임상의간호관리자 5인을대상으로내용타당도를조사한결과 38개예비문항의 CVI는모두 0.8 이상으로나타났다. 4. 연구도구 Corp.) 를사용하여다음과같이분석하였다. 대상자의일반적특성은빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차로분석하였다. 일반적으로도구가이론을바탕으로개발되었거나이미구성타당도가확인된도구는확인적요인분석을통하여인구집단의변화에도도구가여전히타당한지확인하는것이더적절하다. 24,25) 따라서본연구에서는개발시구성타당도가검증된 ELQ 도구의구성타당도는확인적요인분석으로파악하였다. 또한도구의준거타당도는심리적임파워먼트와의 Pearson s correlation, 신뢰도는 Cronbach s alpha 값으로확인하였다. 결과 1. 대상자의일반적특성 1) 임파워링리더십 Arnold 등 21) 이개발한 ELQ는솔선수범, 코칭, 참여적의사결정, 관심표출, 정보공유 5개하부영역총 38개문항으로구성된다. 도구는 Likert 5점척도 1점 전혀아니다, 2점 아니다, 3점 보통이다, 4점 그렇다, 5점 매우그렇다 로써, 점수가높을수록수간호사의임파워링리더십을긍정적으로인식함을의미한다. Arnold 등 21) 의연구에서도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s alpha 값은솔선수범 0.89, 코칭 0.93, 참여적의사결정 0.92, 관심표출 0.94, 정보공유 0.91이었다. 2) 심리적임파워먼트본연구에서한국어판 ELQ 도구의준거타당도를검증하기위하여선행연구에서관리자의임파워링리더십은부하직원의심리적임파워먼트에긍정적인영향을주는것으로나타난결과를바탕으로, 8,10,11) 임파워링리더십과심리적임파워먼트의상관관계를분석하였다. Spreitzer 22) 가개발한심리적임파워먼트측정도구 (Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire) 를 Kim 23) 이번역한도구를사용하였다. 도구는의미성 3문항, 자기결정력 3문항, 역량 3문항, 영향력 3문항으로구성되며, Likert 5점척도 1점 매우아니다, 2점 아니다, 3점 보통이다, 4점 그렇다, 5점 매우그렇다 로써, 점수가높을수록심리적임파워먼트를높이인식함을의미한다. Spreitzer 22) 의연구에서 Cronbach alpha 값은 0.72였으며 Kim 23) 의연구에서 0.86, 본연구에서는 0.88이었다. 5. 자료분석방법수집된자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) 와 IBM SPSS AMOS version 24 (IBM 대상자의일반적특성은표 1과같다. 대상자의 96.6% 는여성이었으며, 평균연령은 28.65세 (standard deviation Table 1. General characteristics of participants (n=322) Variables Value Gender Female 311 (96.6) Male 11 (3.4) Age, y 28.65± (70.5) (21.4) (8.1) Education Diploma 88 (27.4) Bachelor 220 (68.3) Master 14 ( 4.3) Marriage Yes 80 (24.8) No 242 (75.2) Religion Yes 183 (56.8) No 139 (43.2) Department Medical units 92 (28.6) Surgical units 74 (23.0) Special units 113 (35.1) Others 43 (13.4) Work experience, months 63.61± (10.2) (41.3) (12.1) (20.2) (16.1) Work experience in current unit, months 40.37± (20.2) (44.4) (35.4) Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

4 278 Korean J Health Promot Vol. 17, No. 4, 2017 [SD]=6.13) 였고, 20대가 70.5% 로가장많았다. 대상자의 75.2% 는미혼이었고, 교육수준은학사가 68.3% 로가장많았다. 종교를가지고있는경우가 56.8% 였고, 근무부서는특수부서 ( 응급실, 수술장, 중환자실등 ) 가 35.1%, 내과계 28.6%, 외과계 23.0%, 기타부서 13.4% 순이었다. 대상자의총임상경력은평균 개월 (SD=67.10) 이었고, 현재간호단위근무경력은평균 40.37개월 (SD=43.77) 이었다. 2. 구성타당도검증한국어판 ELQ의예비도구 38개문항으로구성된측정모델 1의구성타당도의검증을위해확인적요인분석을시행한결과, 측정모델의적합도를나타내는카이제곱의 P값은 <0.001 로 0.05 이하로나타났다 (Table 2). 그러나본연구에서카이제곱을자유도로나눈 CMIN/DF은 2.54로나타나서적합한모델로평가되었다. 26) 측정모델의적합도지수는 Root Mean square Residual (RMR; 평균제곱잔차의제곱근 ) 0.03, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI; 기초적합지수 ) 0.78, adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI; 조정적합지수 ) 0.75, Normal Fit Index (NFI; 표준적합지수 ) 0.85, Comparative Fit Index (CFI; 비교적합지수 ) 0.90이었다. 모델적합도의수용기준이 RMR은 0.05 이하, GFI, AGFI, NFI, CFI 는최소 0.70 이상이어야하고 0.90 이상이면적합도가좋은것으로해석되기때문에, 26) 측정모델 1은적합도는양호한것으로해석되었다. 그러나척도의표준화회귀계수를분석한결과 1번 0.38, 6번 0.23, 11번 0.16, 30번 0.69 로 4개문항에서신뢰도기준인 0.7보다낮게나타났다. 이러한결과를바탕으로예비도구의 38개문항에서신뢰도가낮은 4개문항을삭제하고 34개문항으로구성된측정모델 2의적합도를분석한결과, 카이제곱의 P값은 <0.001 로 0.05 이하였으나, CMIN/DF은 2.72로유지되었으며, 적합도지수인 RMR 0.03, GFI 0.79, AGFI 0.76, NFI 0.87, CFI 0.91로다소개선되었으며, 전반적인모형의적합도는양호한것으로해석되었다. 이에 34문항도구의하부영역별문항구성적합도를분석한결과, 영역별카이제곱값은모두유의하였다. 그러나 5개하부영역모두에서 RMR이 으로기준치 0.05 이하로나타났고, NFI 와 CFI 적합지수는 5개영역에서모두 0.90 이상, GFI 와 AGFI 는최소기준인 0.70 이상으로나타났다. 이상과같이 5개하부영역 34문항으로구성된한국어판임파워링리더십측정도구의구성타당도가확인되었다 (Table 3). 3. 준거타당도검증본연구에서대상자들이인식하는수간호사의임파워링리더십과자신의심리적임파워먼트의관련성을분석한결과, 임파워링리더십과심리적임파워먼트는유의한양의상관관계 (r=0.19, P=0.001) 를나타내었다. 임파워링리더십과심리적임파워먼트하부영역들간의상관관계를분석한결과, 임파워링리더십의참여적의사결정 (r=0.18, P=0.001), 코칭 (r=0.24, P<0.001), 정보공유 (r=0.24, P<0.001), 관심표출 (r=0.12, P=0.035) 은심리적임파워먼트와각각유의한양의상관관계를나타내었고, 임파워링리더십은심리적임파워먼트의의미성 (r=0.27, P<0.001), 자기결정성 (r=0.14, P=0.015) 과각각유의한양의상관관계를나타내었다. 특히임파워링리더십의코칭은심리적임파워먼트의 4개하부영역과모두유의한양의상관관계를나타내었다 (Table 4). Table 2. Model fitness test results Goodness of fit indices x 2 (P) df CMIN/DF RMR GFI AGFI NFI CFI Model 1 (38 items) 1, (<0.001) Model 2 (34 items) 1, (<0.001) Abbreviations: CMIN/DF, x 2 /df; RMR, root mean square residual; GFI, goodness of fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness of fit index; NFI, normal fit index; CFI, comparative fit index. Table 3. Model fit indices for K-ELQ subscales from confirmatory factor analysis Sub-scales x 2 (P) Goodness of fit indices df RMR GFI AGFI NFI CFI Leading by example (<0.001) Participative decision-making (0.002) Coaching (<0.001) Informing (<0.001) Showing concern/interacting with the team (<0.001) Abbreviations: K-ELQ, Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire; RMR, root mean square residual; GFI, goodness of fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness of fit index; NFI, normal fit index; CFI, comparative fit index.

5 Eun Kyung Kim, et al. Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire 279 Table 4. Correlations between empowering leadership and psychological empowerment Psychological empowerment Meaning Competence Self-determination Impact r (P) r (P) r (P) r (P) r (P) Empowering leadership 0.19 (0.001) 0.27 (<0.001) 0.09 (0.106) 0.14 (0.015) 0.08 (0.148) Leading by example 0.07 (0.204) 0.16 (0.004) (0.964) 0.05 (0.394) 0.02 (0.784) Participative decision-making 0.18 (0.001) 0.27 (<0.001) 0.08 (0.168) 0.10 (0.074) 0.09 (0.097) Coaching 0.24 (<0.001) 0.27 (<0.001) 0.14 (0.010) 0.18 (0.001) 0.12 (0.027) Informing 0.24 (<0.001) 0.30 (<0.001) 0.18 (0.001) 0.20 (<0.001) 0.05 (0.336) Showing concern/interacting with the team 0.12 (0.035) 0.20 (<0.001) 0.01 (0.899) 0.08 (0.154) 0.07 (0.210) Table 5. Reliability coefficients for K-ELQ sub-scales Sub-scales Cronbach s alpha Mean±SD Leading by example ±0.70 Participative decision-making ±0.70 Coaching ±0.65 Informing ±0.64 Showing concern/interacting ±0.73 with the team Total ±0.59 Abbreviations: K-ELQ, Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation. 4. 신뢰도검증 본연구에서최종선택된한국어판 ELQ 도구 34문항의신뢰도 Cronbach s alpha 값은 0.98이었고, 하부영역별 Cronbach s alpha 값은솔선수범 0.92, 참여적의사결정 0.86, 코칭 0.95, 정보공유 0.93, 관심표출 0.95로나타났다 (Table 5). 고 찰 급변하는환경에서조직들은유연하고효율적으로적응하기위하여전통적인위계구조를자기관리 (self-management) 가가능한업무팀으로변화시키고있으며, 팀을관리하는관리자들에게새로운역할과책임을요구하게되었다. 27) 즉관리자들은팀구성원들의자기관리를지지하고임파워먼트를증진시켜야하며, 그러기위해서는새로운유형의리더십을발휘할필요가있다. 관리자의임파워링리더십을측정하는 ELQ는의류유통, 건축자재공급, 통화서비스기업에서팀리더, 구성원들과의인터뷰내용을바탕으로도출된문항들로구성되었으며, 탐색적요인분석, 준거타당도검증을통해서개발되었다. 21) 국내에서주로경영학분야에서 ELQ로임파워링리더십을측정한다수의연구들이보고되었으나, 대부분번역타당도에대한검증이없이원도구의일부문항을번역하여사용하였다 ,15,20) 그러나국외에서개발된도구를적용하기위해서는국가간의문화, 언어의차이점을고려해야하기때문 에국내에서간호조직에 ELQ를사용하기위해서는신뢰도와타당도를검증할필요가있다. 25) 본연구에서한국어판 ELQ 도구의내용타당도를파악하기위하여확인적요인분석을시행한결과, 5개하부영역의 RMR은모두 0.05 이하이고, 적합지수에서는코칭영역의 GFI가 0.88 로 0.90 이상의기준에약간미치지못하였고, 솔선수범영역을제외한 4개영역의 AGFI 는 0.70 이상으로나타났다. 따라서한국어판 ELQ는 34개문항모두 5개하부요인의구성문항으로타당함을보여주었다. 한편솔선수범영역의 AGFI가 0.66으로다른영역에비해약간낮게나타난결과와관련해서, Arnold 등 21) 이개발한임파워링리더십이의류소매업, 건축자재조달업, 전화통신기업등을대상으로하였기때문에, 도구의솔선수범영역이수간호사가환자에게직접간호를제공하기보다간호단위를관리하고간호사들을지휘하는역할을담당하는간호조직의특성을반영하지못하는것이라해석되었다. 따라서간호조직에적용하도록임파워링리더십도구를정련하는반복연구가필요하다고생각된다. 한국어판 ELQ의신뢰도를분석한결과, 도구전체의신뢰도 Cronbach s alpha 값은 0.98로, 5개하부영역의 Cronbach s alpha 값은 였다. 이러한결과는개발시 ELQ 도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s alpha 값은 와유사한수준으로높은결과이다. 21) 국내에서간호사를대상으로 ELQ 문항의일부를임의추출하여 4개영역 20개문항으로임파워링리더십을조사한결과, 도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s alpha 값은솔선수범 참여적의사결정 0.94, 코칭 0.89, 관심표출 0.87, 정보공유 0.88로나타났다. 20) 또한본연구에서한국어판 ELQ 도구의준거타당도를확인한결과, 대상자들이인식하는수간호사의임파워링리더십과간호사의임파워먼트는낮은수준이었으나유의한양의상관관계 (r=0.19, P=0.001) 를나타내었다. 이러한결과는 Zhang 과 Bartol 의연구 8) 에서관리자의임파워링리더십과직원의심리적임파워먼트는중간수준으로유의한양의상관관계 (r=0.59, P<0.01) 를나타낸결과와유사하였다. 그러나본연구에서임파워링리더십과심리적임파워먼트의하부영역별상관관계를비교한결과, 임파워링리

6 280 Korean J Health Promot Vol. 17, No. 4, 2017 더십은심리적임파워먼트의하부영역인역량과상관관계가유의하지않았고, 임파워링리더십의하부영역인솔선수범은심리적임파워먼트와상관관계가유의하지않았다. 이러한결과는 Albrecht 와 Andreetta의연구 10) 에서심리적임파워먼트의하부영역인역량이임파워링리더십과상관관계가유의하지않았던결과와유사하였고, Lee 등 11) 의연구에서관리자의임파워링리더십의솔선수범이직원의심리적임파워먼트와유의한양의상관관계를나타낸결과와차이를나타내었다. 따라서본연구의대상자들이인식하는수간호사의임파워링리더십은대상자들의직무자율성이나직무수행역량에영향을주지못하고, 특히수간호사의솔선수범은대상자들의심리적임파워먼트에긍정적인영향을주지못하는것으로해석되었다. 그럼에도본연구에서임파워링리더십과심리적임파워먼트의상관관계가유의하게나타난결과는수간호사가보여주는솔선수범, 코칭, 참여적의사결정, 정보제공, 관심표현과같은임파워링리더십행동은간호사들은심리적임파워먼트에긍정적인영향을준다고해석할수있다. 따라서간호조직에서간호사들의심리적임파워먼트와동기부여를위해서관리자의임파워링리더십을측정하고관리할필요가있으며, 8,9) 이를위해서본연구에서타당도와신뢰도를검증한한국어판 ELQ 도구가유용하게사용될것이라생각된다. 아울러향후간호사를대상으로임파워링리더십과직무몰입, 조직몰입, 조직시민행동, 11,12) 직무열의, 13) 이직의도, 10) 혁신행동, 창의성 14,15,16) 등의관련성을파악하는추후연구가필요하다. 이상과같은과정을통해서타당도와신뢰도가검증된한국어판 ELQ 도구는 5개영역 34문항으로구성되었으며, 간호사를대상으로조사하기위하여문항의일부를 우리수간호사는, 병원, 병동 등으로수정하였다. 한국어판 ELQ 도구는간호사들이수간호사의리더십유형을평가하는데활용될수있으며, 또한간호사들의임파워먼트를높이는리더십행동을구체적으로제시함으로써수간호사들의리더십행동을개선하는데유용한지표가될수있다고생각된다. 요 약 연구배경 : 관리자의임파워링리더십은직원들의심리적임파워먼트, 동기부여, 창의성과긍정적인영향을주고, 몰입을높이고이직의도를낮추는것으로보고되었다. 본연구는한국어판 ELQ 도구를개발하고타당도와신뢰도를검증하였다. 방법 : 국내 4개종합병원에근무하는일반간호사 322명을대상으로구조화된설문지를사용하여자료를수집하였 다. 도구의타당도와신뢰도를검증하기위하여, 내용타당도 (CVI), Cronbach s alpha, Pearson s correlation, 확인적요인분석을시행하였다. 결과 : 한국어판 ELQ 도구는 5개영역 34문항으로구성되었다. 도구의구성타당도는확인적요인분석으로확인되었다 (CMIN/DF=2.72, RMR=0.03, CFI=0.91, NFI=0.87). 도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s alpha 값은 0.98이었고, 수간호사의임파워링리더십과간호사의심리적임파워먼트는유의한양의상관관계를나타내어준거타당도가확보되었다. 결론 : 한국어판 ELQ 도구는간호관리자의임파워링리더십을측정하는데유용한도구이다. 향후임파워링리더십교육프로그램을개발하고임파워링리더십관련요인을파악하는연구를제언한다. 중심단어 : 권한, 리더십, 타당도, 간호사 REFERENCES 1. Christmas K. How work environment impacts retention. Nurs Econ 2008;26(5): Brady Germain P, Cummings GG. The influence of nursing leadership on nurse performance: a systematic literature review. J Nurs Manag 2010;18(4): Chiok Foong Loke J. Leadership behaviors: effects on job satisfaction, productivity and organizational commitment. J Nurs Manag 2001;9(4): Cummings G. Investing relational energy: the hallmark of resonant leadership. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont) 2004;17(4): Bakker AB, Killmer CH, Siegrist J, Schaufeli WB. Effort-reward imbalance and burnout among nurses. J Adv Nurs 2000;31(4): Cummings GG, MacGregor T, Davey M, Lee H, Wong CA, Lo E, et al. Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environments: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2010;47: Kouzes JM, Posner BZ. The leadership challenge. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; p Zhang X, Bartol KM. Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: the influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Acad Manage J 2010;53(1): Srivastava A, Bartol KM, Locke EA. Empowering leadership in management teams: effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy and performance. Acad Manage Rev 2006;49(6): Albrecht SL, Andreetta M. The influence of empowering leadership, empowerment and engagement on affective commitment and turnover intentions in community health service workers: test of a model. Leadersh Health Serv 2011;24(3): Lee HS, Ryu EY, Ryu BG, Xian Z. The effects of empowering leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: focus on the mediating role of psychological empowerment. J Hum Resour Manag Res 2013;20(3): Chah DO, Kim JS. The relationship between empowering lead-

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