74-정성혁2.indd

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1 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography Vol. 32, No. 5, , ISSN (Print) ISSN X(Online) Original article 저고도근접항공영상을이용한현장정보관리 Management of Construction Fields Information Using Low Altitude Close-range Aerial Images 조영선 1) 임노열 2) 정우수 3) 정성혁 3) 최석근 3) Cho, Young Sun ^ Lim, No Yeol ^ Joung, Woo Su ^ Jung, Sung Heuk ^ Choi, Seok Keun Abstract Compare to other industrial sites, the civil construction work not only takes longer time but also has made of complicated processes, such as the integrated management, process control, and quality control until the completion. However, it is hard to take control the construction sites, since numerous issues are always emerged. The study purposes on providing the dataset to synthetically manage and monitor the civil construction site, main design, drawings, process, construction cost, and others at real-time by using the low altitude closerange aerial images, based on UAV, and the GPS surveying method for treating the three-dimensional spatial information quickly and accurately. As a result, we could provide the latest information for the quick decisionmaking following from planning to completion of the construction, and objective site evaluation by the highresolution three-dimensional spatial information and drawings. Also, the present map, longitudinal map, and cross sectional view are developed to provide various datasets rapidly, such as earthwork volume table, specifications, and transition of ground level. Keywords : Low Altitude Close-Range Images, Digital Surface Model, Orthoimage, 3D GIS 초록,., GPS 3,,,,,,.,, 3,,,,. :,,, 3 GIS Received , Revised , Accepted ) Member, Hanmac Engineering ( hanmac65@hanmail.com) 2) Member, Chungbuk Development Corporation ( nylim019@hanmail.net) 3) Survey Design Woolim Ltd ( jos @hanmail.net) 4) Corresponding Author, Member, School of Civil Engineering Chungbuk National University ( idealharry@gmail.com) 5) Member, School of Civil Engineering Chungbuk National University ( skchoi@cbnu.ac.kr) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 551

2 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 32, No. 5, , 서론.,,., BIM(Building Information Modeling) 3D GIS. 3,.. Wang et al.(2004) 3, Lin(2008) 4. Masahiko et al.(2008) CCD,, GPS, IMU, 3. Choi et al.(2011), Cho et al.(2014),. (Cho et al., 2014), 3 4,,,,,,,,.. UAV(Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) UVS(Unmanned Vehicle Systems) UAV, UVS. 1950,,,,,,,,,, (Fonstad et al., 2013; Harwin et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2013; Turner et al., 2012). GPS, IMU,.,,,,.,.,, (Jung et al., 2010). 3. 3차원공간정보구축 3.1 연구대상지역. 700m 400m, Fig 무인항공사진측량, GPS, IMU, FCC(Flight Control Computer),, Fig. 1. Study area 552

3 Management of Construction Fields Information Using Low Altitude Close-range Aerial Images , ,,. 5D MarkII , , , 대공표지및기준점측량 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Position of control points(4th) Table 1. Result of control points surveying GCP GRS80(m) X(N) Y(E) GH(EGM2008) Fig. 2. Control points surveying (Cho et al., 2014). Network GPS Fig. 3 4 Table 저고도항공영상취득 DSLR. Canon 5D MarkII Canon EF 24mm,.,,,, Ground Station. 7~8km/hr m 70%, 40%, 1 ( ) 285, 2 ( ) 255, 3 ( ) 217, 4 ( ) 고해상도공간정보제작 GPS 553

4 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 32, No. 5, , (point cloud data)., points/. 3 Fig. 4 (DSM). Othoimage 1st 2st DSM 3st 4st 5st 6st Fig. 4. Orthoimage and DSM 7st 8st Table 2. Coordinates differences by photogrammetry method and GPS (unit : m) No 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Δx Δy Δz Δx Δy Δz Δx Δy Δz Δx Δy Δz gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp gcp

5 Management of Construction Fields Information Using Low Altitude Close-range Aerial Images 3.5 정확도분석 Table 2, Fig. 5 1~4 X 2.49cm, Y 2.65cm, Z 5.19cm. 4. 시공현장정보구축 4,,,,, ( ), ( ),. Geo-TIFF, Shape, DXF. 4.1 등고선 1~4 50cm. Fig. 6. Fig. 5. Accuracy of check points 4.2 단면도 Fig. 7 Contour map 1st 2st 3st 4st Contour map and orthoimage 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Fig. 6. Contour map and overlay orthoimage 555

6 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 32, No. 5, , 2014 Fig. 8~11. Fig. 10. Cross sectional detail view(a point) Fig. 7. Profile plan map Fig. 11. Cross sectional detail view(b point) Fig. 8. Longitudinal profile map(result of 1st~4th) 4.3 지반고분석 No. 6 A, B Table 3. A 66.00m, 62.72m m, m, m, m. Fig. 9. Drawing of cross section 4.4 토적표., 1~4 ( ) ( ) Table 4, Table 5. 1 ~4. 556

7 Management of Construction Fields Information Using Low Altitude Close-range Aerial Images Location Class GH ΔH Note A B Table 3. Point of ground level transition(no. 6) A-base planning level A ground level A st A nd A rd A th B-base planning level B ground level B st B nd B rd B th 4.5 공정율분석 Table 6, Fig , %, 20.9% %, 93.8%., Table 7, Fig ~4. Table 4. Table of earthwork(c.a) ID Dist. (m) Plan 1st 2nd 3rd 4th NO NO NO NO , NO , , , , NO , , , NO , , , , NO , , , NO , , , NO , ,376, , , NO , , , , NO , , , , NO , , , , NO , , , , NO , , , , , NO , , , , , NO , , , NO , , , NO , , , Total , , , , ,

8 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 32, No. 5, , 2014 ID Dist. (m) Table 5. Table of earthwork(b.a) Plan 1st 2nd 3rd 4th NO NO , , NO , , NO , , , , NO , , , , NO , , , , , NO , , , , , NO , , , , , NO , , , , , NO , , , NO , NO , NO , NO , , NO , , , NO , , , NO , NO , NO , Total , , , , , Class 1st 2rd 3nd 4th Ratio of planning 2.5% 11.0% 30.5% 74.0% Ratio of progress 0.7% 2.3% 38.3% 69.4% Ratio of progress against plan Table 6. Progress against plan(c.a) 28.0% 20.9% 125.6% 93.8% Table 7. Progress against plan(b.a) Class 1st 2rd 3nd 4th Ratio of planning 25.0% 55.0% 66.5% 85.0% Ratio of progress 29.0% 60.1% 62.1% 82.1% Ratio of progress against plan 116.0% 109.3% 93.4% 96.6% Fig. 12. Ratio of plan preparation process (cutting the ground) Fig. 13. Ratio of plan preparation process (banking the ground) 558

9 Management of Construction Fields Information Using Low Altitude Close-range Aerial Images Table 8. Earthwork calculation statement(d.p : Dump truck, B.H : Backhoe) Class No. Standard Quantity Unit Total Labor Material Cost Expenses Price Amount Price Amount Price Amount Price Amount Plan 1st 2re 3nd 4th 259,557, ,156,954 85,100,891 47,299,541 C.A B.H 0.7m3 35,747 2,607 93,192,429 2,027 72,459, ,795, ,937,666 B.A D.P 15ton B.H 0.7m3 59,779 2, ,364, ,697,785 1,243 74,305, ,361, ,639, ,784,695 63,465,219 36,389,625 C.A B.H 0.7m3 35,500 2,607 92,548,500 2,027 71,958, ,721, ,869,000 B.A D.P 15ton B.H 0.7m3 42,433 2, ,091, ,826,195 1,243 52,744, ,520, ,444,210 92,617,682 40,205,365 24,621,163 C.A B.H 0.7m3 34,921 2,607 91,039,047 2,027 70,784, ,546, ,708,038 B.A D.P 15ton B.H 0.7m3 23,861 2,783 66,405, ,832,815 1,243 29,659, ,913, ,553,543 65,444,227 34,818,858 20,290,458 C.A B.H 0.7m3 22,061 2,607 57,513,027 2,027 44,717, ,662, ,132,958 B.A D.P 15ton B.H 0.7m3 22,652 2,783 63,040, ,726,580 1,243 28,156, ,157,500 58,329,150 31,958,350 16,630,525 9,740,275 C.A B.H 0.7m3 10,925 2,607 28,481,475 2,027 22,144, ,299, ,037,150 B.A D.P 15ton B.H 0.7m3 10,725 2,783 29,847, ,813,375 1,243 13,331, ,703, 토공내역서산출.,,, Table 공정율 ( 공사비 ) 분석 Table 9, Fig. 14 ( ). 1 ~ %, 112.3%, 107.2% % Table 9. Progress analysis(construction expenses) Class 1st 2rd 3nd 4th Ratio of planning 15.0% 35.0% 50.0% 81.0% Ratio of progress 18.8% 39.3% 53.6% 77.5% Ratio of progress against plan 125.3% 112.3% 107.2% 95.7% Fig. 14. Ratio of plan preparation process (construction expenses) 5. 결론, 559

10 Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 32, No. 5, , 2014., 4 GPS 50points/ 3.,,,., 3,,,,,,. References Cho, Y.S., Lim, H.M., Choi, S.G., and Jung, S.H. (2014), High resolution spatial information acquisition using UAV photogrammetry, Journal of Safety and Crisis Management, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp (in Korean with English abstract) Choi, K.A. and Lee, I.P. (2011), Development of a closerange real-time aerial monitoring system based on a low altitude unmanned air vehicle, Journal of Korea Spatial information Society, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp (in Korean with English abstract) Fonstad, M.A., Dietrich, J.T., Courville, B.C., Jensen, J.L., and Carbonneau, P.E. (2013), Topographic structure from motion: a new development in photogrammetric measurement, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp Harwin, S. and Lucieer, A. (2012), Assessing the accuracy of georeferenced point clouds produced via multi-view stereopsis from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, Remote Sensing, Vol. 4, No. 6 pp Jung, S.H., Lim, H.M., and Lee, J.K. (2010), Acquisition of 3D spatial information using UAV photogrammetric method, Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp (in Korean with English abstract) Lee, I.S., Lee, J.W., Kim, S.J., and Hong, S.H. (2013), Orthophoto accuracy assessment of ultra-light fixed wing UAV photogrammetry techniques, Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp (in Korean with English abstract) Lin, Z. (2008), UAV for mapping-low altitude photogrammetry survey, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, ISPRS, 3 July, Beijing, China, Vol. XXXVII. Part B1, pp Masahiko, N., Tianen, C., Afzal, A., and Ryosuke, S. (2008), UAV borne mapping by multi sensor integration, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, ISPRS, 3 July, Beijing, China, Vol. XXXVII. Part B1, pp Turner, D., Lucieer, A., and Watson, C. (2012), An automated technique for generating georectified mosaics from ultrahigh resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery: based on structure from motion (SfM) point clouds, Remote Sensing, Vol. 4, pp Wang, J., Lin, Z., and Li, C. (2004), Reconstruction of buildings from a single UAV images, Proc. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Congress, IAPRS, 23 July, Istanbul, Turkey, Vol. XXXV, Part B8, pp