Microsoft Word _ _ 정현석

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1 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 2 호 pp J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol. 31, No. 2, pp ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) February 2014 / 형체력에따른사출성형기플렉스링크의특성분석 Characteristics Analysis of Flex Link according to Mold Clamping Force in Injection Molding Machine 정현석 1,, 유중학 1 Hyun Suk Jung 1, and Joong Hak Yoo 1 1 한국기술교육대학교메카트로닉스공학부 (School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education) Corresponding author: junghs@engel.co.kr, Tel: Manuscript received: / Revised: / Accepted: Reproducibility of injection molding machines are studied at the study of this time. We applied computer aided engineering program so it could generate clamping force, about 1,500 kn, to the nozzle center part of flex link in tie-bar and at this time, we made sure condition of stress distribution and transformation quantity in flex link. The result of computer aided engineering transformation quantity was confirmed that transformation of top area was 247~257 kn and bottom areas was 273~279 kn and also was confirmed that the stresses are distributed in a range of 57~750 N/mm2 from top to the bottom of the surface. This time we could confirm the condition of transformation quantity and stress distribution by enforcing the previously used structure analysis of flex link. And we utilized the reference data to establish important point of section for non destructive test overhaul. Key Words: Clamping Force ( 형체력 ), Flex Link ( 플렉스링크 ), Injection Molding Machine ( 사출성형기 ), Reproducibility ( 재현성 ), Structural Analysis ( 구조해석 ) 1. 서론 사출성형은플라스틱성형법중의한방법으로서, 복잡한형상의제품을사출금형에의하여연속생산하는방법이다. 자동차산업분야, 전기, 전자및최첨단항공기부품등여러산업분야에서그역할이점차적으로증가하는추세이며, 사출성형에대한성형해석기술도많은발전을이룩하였다. 최근에는사출성형제품의소형화및정밀화의추세가뚜렷하다. 따라서사출성형기도사이클타임단축을위한고속화및초정밀성형을위한제어시스템개발등사출성형시중요한요소인반복성과재현성을높이기위한방향으로기술개발 1 이활발히이루어지고있다. 타이바리스방식에 적용되는플렉스링크 (flex link) 는형체측피스톤과이동형판사이에설치된다. 사출성형을위한형체력발생시프레임의미세변형량을조정하며, 금형이부착되는이동형판과고정형판의기울기가일정하게직선운동함으로써, 형판의평행도를정밀하게보정하는역할을한다. 이는사출성형시성형품의외관품질향상및편심하중에의한금형의마모를최소화하기위한위함이다. 플렉스링크에형체력발생시금형에가해지는높은압력이직접전달되므로, 구조가견고해야하며, 충분한강성이요구된다. Jung 과 Yoo 2-4 는구조해석을통하여 2,000 kn 형체력발생시 C-Frame 의중요기능부에대한변형량및응력분포상태를확인하였고, 응력이집중되는구간을비파괴검사및

2 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 2 호 pp February 2014 / 166 중요관리구간으로나눠제시하였다. Park 과 Lee 5 는 ADA MS 해석프로그램을활용하여전동식사출성형기토글링크시스템의형체력확대계수를기하학적해석으로유도하였으며, Woo 와 Lee 6 는토글링크로형체력을지지하는조정형판에대하여유한요소해석을통하여안정성및신뢰성을검토하였다. 본연구에서는플렉스링크구조해석을통하여 1,500 kn 형체력발생시각각의단면적에전달되는형체력을검증하였으며, 1,000 kn, 2,000 kn, 3,000 kn 의형체력작용시, 플렉스링크굽힙량에대한반복성평가를실시하여, 평균값및표준편차를조사하였다. 이를통하여형체력상승시플렉스링크변형량에따른이동형판평행도가한국산업규격 수평형플라스틱사출성형기 (KS B 6389) 에정의된 0.2 mm 규격내에서관리되어지는지확인하고자한다. 2. 구조해석및실험방법 Fig. 1 Schematic drawing for Flex Link 플렉스링크에나타내는응력분포를확인하기위하여구조해석 (IDEAS Ver. 12) 을실시하였다. Fig. 1은형체력발생시플렉스링크의각부위에전달되는응력분포및변형을알아보기위해사용한실험모델이다. 그림에서라운드부좌, 우치수를 90~100 mm, 전체길이 420 mm, 스페이스블록조립부치수 250 mm, 이동형판조립부두께는 50 mm 로설계하였다. 플렉스링크재질은 SM45C이며, 열전도율 42.8 W/m 2, 열용량계수 480 J/kg, 열팽창계수는 1.15x10-5 (1/ ) 이며, 밀도 7,850 kg/m 3, 탄성계수 205 GPa, 프와송비는 0.29이다. 플렉스링크와조립되는이동형판은구상흑연주철재질인 FCD450을사용하였다. 열전도율 50 W/m 2, 열용량계수 56.5 J/kg, 열팽창계수는 1.1x10-5 (1/ ) 이며, 밀도 7,250 kg/m 3, 탄성계수 110 GPa, 프와송비는 0.28이다. 플렉스링크구조해석시형체력이발생할때, 플렉스링크의구조특성을감안하여, 가로축방향으로나타나는변화량을확인하였다. 노즐센터를기준으로플렉스링크의단면적상, 하부착면과좌, 우라운드부에대한응력분포변화를확인하기위하여세로축방향의응력이동시에발생하는조건으로설정하였다. 구조해석 7 후스페이스블록조립전면부와이동형판조립부인후면부에응력이전달될때, 변화하는각도및좌, 우라운드부등중요기능부에전달되는응력분포를확인하였다. Fig. 2 Experimental device(dial gage) for Flex Link deformation 실험에는사출압력 330 bar, 형체력 3,000 kn 인엔겔사의유압식사출성형기 (VC330/300, ENGEL Co.) 를사용하였다. Fig. 2 와같이다이얼게이지 (2046FE, Mitutoyo Co.) 를사용하여, 형체력상승시플렉스링크의변형량을측정하였다. 측정에사용된계측기의정확도는 0.01 mm 이며, 형판조정이끝나면다이얼게이지를플렉스링크상면에부착후 0 점이되도록조정하였다. 30 회반복측정을통해서플렉스링크중심부에대한변화량을측정하여, 평균값과산포를분석하였다. 동일한평가방법으로 2,000 kn, 3,000 kn 에대하여형체력상승에따른플렉스링크변형량과이동형판의평행도를조사하였다.

3 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 2 호 pp February 2014 / 결과및고찰 타이바리스방식의사출성형기에서는타이바대체품으로사용되는 C-Frame 과플렉스링크를사용하고있다. 평가는 1,000~3,000 kn 구간을 1,000 kn 씩증가시키면서, 형체력을 1 인자 3 수준의형태로기준을설정하여실시하였다. force 2, 플렉스링크센터에서플렉스링크하단구간을 force 3 으로구분하여, 각각의단면적에전달되는형체력을조사하였다. Fig. 4 는 1,500 kn 의형체력이사출방향인가로축으로전달되었을때플렉스링크각구간에전달되는형체력을나타낸다. Fig. 3 은플렉스링크에걸리는형체력을산출하기위하여, 플렉스링크상면에서노즐센터구간플렉스링크상면에서사출성형이이루어지는노즐센터까지의구간을 force 1 으로설정하였으며, 노즐센터에서플렉스링크중심까지의구간을 force 2 로설정하였다. 플렉스링크센터에서하단면구간을 force 3 구간으로설정하였으며, 각각의구간에전달되는형체력을계산하였다. force 1 에전달되는형체력은 a/2xf kn 으로계산되어진다. 그러므로 force 1 에전달되는형체력 f 는 750/(250/2+130) kn 로계산되어지며, kn 의형체력이전달되는것을구조해석을통하여확인하였다. force 2 는노즐센터에서플렉스링크까지의구간이며, 형체력의합은 kn 으로계산되며, 57.3 kn 의형체력이전달되는것을확인하였다. 플렉스링크센터에서하단면구간인 force 3 구간은플렉스링크단면적세로축의 1/2 인 125 mm 이므로, 전체형체력 1,500/2 kn 으로계산되어지며, 750 kn 의형체력이전달되는것을검증하였다. Fig. 5 는가로축방향노즐센터를기준으로 1,500 kn 형체력발생시플렉스링크의단면부위에대한응력분포이다. 부품형상에대한각도변화와발생된응력에대한분포를색깔및치수로나타내었다. 플렉스링크구조해석을통하여전면부평면에굽힙응력이발생되고, 전면부하단부에는 kn, 후면부에는 kn, 전면하단부에는 kn, 전면상단부에는 kn 의형체력이전달되었다. 구조해석을통하여플렉스링크상단부구간에전달되는형체력에비하여하단부구간에 20~40 kn/mm 2 의응력이더발생하였으며, 그로인하여하단면에 0.16 o 만큼의변형이발생하였다. Fig. 6 은 1,000 kn 형체력작용시, 실험을통하여얻어진편차및통계치결과이다. 30 회반복측 Fig. 3 Clamping force calculation of Flex Link Fig. 4 Clamping force of boundary condition Fig. 5 Stress distributions at Flex Link 정을통하여플렉스링크변형은평균값 mm, 표준편차 0.003, 최소값 mm, 최대값은 mm 상태에존재하는것을알수있었다.

4 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 2 호 pp February 2014 / 168 Fig. 6 Measurement result of Flex Link deformation according to 1,000 kn Fig. 7 은 2,000 kn 형체력작용시, 실험을통하여얻어진플렉스링크변형은평균값 0.10 mm, 표준편차 0.003, 최소값 mm, 최대값은 mm 구간에존재하였다. 평균값 0.1 mm 를기준으로데이터들이좌측에좀더치우친정규분포의형태를나타내었다. 초기 1,000 kn 의형체력을기준으로플렉스링크변형량도 0.04 mm 에서 0.1 mm 로약두배증가하는것을알수있었다. 그러나형체력이증가해도측정데이터의산포를나타내었다. 이는형체력이증가해도측정데이터의산포를나타내는표준편차는 0.03 으로동일하게나타났으며, 이는형체력이증가해도제품의산포는같다는것을의미한다. 3,000 kn 의형체력발생시얻어진플렉스링크의변화량에대한결과는 Fig. 8 에나타내었다. 평균값은 mm, 표준편차 0.002, 최소값 mm, 최대값 mm 상태에존재하는것을실험을통하여확인하였다. 반복실험을통하여플렉스링크의변화량이평균값 mm 를기준으로 Fig. 7 Measurement result of Flex Link deformation according to 2,000 kn 좌, 우대칭인정규분포형태를나타내었다. 초기 1,000 kn 의형체력대비플렉스링크변형량도 0.04 mm 에서 0.15 mm 로약 3 배정도증가하는것을알수있었다. 이를통하여형체력과플렉스링크의변형량은상호간에비례함을확인하였다. Fig. 9 는통계적기법 8,9 을활용하여형체력변화에따른플렉스링크의변화량에대한정규성검토를실시하였다. 또한각각의조건시발생한편차에대하여사분위수를이용하여집단간표준편차의크기를나타내었다. P 값이 이고, P α(0.05) 이므로신뢰구간 95% 수준내에서형체력변화는플렉스링크의굽힘량에의미있게영향을주는설계변수임이확인되었다. 이를통하여형체력상승에따라플렉스링크의굽힙량도증가하므로, 금형을부착하는이동및고정형판의평행도가나빠짐으로관리방안이필요하다. 즉, 형판의평행도에의한금형의편마모를사전에방지하여, 성형품의미성형, 플래시, 싱크마크방지등을예방하고, 정밀사출성형을위

5 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 2 호 pp February 2014 / 169 Fig. 8 Measurement result of Flex Link deformation according to 3,000 kn 해서는형판의평행도가 0.15 mm 변형량이내에서관리되도록설계가이루어져야한다. 4. 결론 사출성형시성형품의외관품질에영향을미치는형체력 1,000~3,000 kn 구간을 1,000 kn 씩증가시키면서형체력을 1 인자 3 수준의형태로기준을설정하였다. 형체력증가에따른플렉스링크에굽힙량이발생되며, 그에따른측정평균값및편차를분석하였으며, 연구를통하여얻은결과는다음과같다. 1,500 kn 형체력발생시구조해석결과 force 1 구간은 46.2%, 노즐센터에서플렉스링크센터인 force 2 구간은 3.8%, 중심면을기준으로하단면인 force 3 구간은 50% 의형체력이전달되는것을확인하였다. 구조해석을통하여플렉스링크전면및후면부 Fig. 9 Analysis results of one way ANOVA 의하단좌, 우라운드부는 18.2~19.3%, 상면부는 16.1~17.1% 의응력이전달되는것을알수있었으며, 하단부에 1.3~2.7% 의응력이더발생되었다. 형체력변화에따른실험으로플렉스링크변형에대한평균값은 0.041~0.15 mm, 표준편차는 0.002~0.003 이며, 1,000 kn 의형체력상승시변형량도증가하는비례관계임을알수있었다. 플렉스링크의변형에따른사출성형기내형판의평행도는 0.15 mm 로, 제조사에서요구하는최대허용공차인 0.2 mm 이내에존재하였다. 이는사출성형시형판의평행도에의한금형의편마모를사전에방지할수있는데이터로활용할수있다. 형체력변화에따라유의수준의차가크며, 각집단간의차가발생한것을확인하였다. 형체력상승시에는플렉스링크의굽힙량도증가하여금형을부착하는이동및고정형판의평행도가나빠짐을알수있었다.

6 한국정밀공학회지제 31 권 2 호 pp February 2014 / 170 참고문헌 1. Jung, H. S. and Yoo, J. H., An Experimental Study on the Measurement Performance of Injection Molding Machine, Proc. of KSPE Autumn Conference, pp , Jung, H. S. and Yoo, J. H., Structure Analysis of C- Frame in Injection Molding Machine, Proc. of KSMDE Summer Conference, pp , Jung, H. S. and Yoo, J. H., Tie Bar Elongation Evaluation of Toggle Type Injection Molding Machine, Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp , Jung, H. S. and Yoo, J. H., Clamping Force Measurement of Toggle Type Injection Molding Machine, Proc. of KSMDE Summer Conference, pp , Park, W. K. and Hong, S. W., Structure Analysis of Injection Molding Machine Components, LG cable technical review, pp. 1-4, Woo, C. S. and Lee, S. R., Development of the Toggle Link System for Electric Molding Machine using ADAMS, Journal of the KINX, pp. 6-12, Jung, J. H. and Jung, W. J., The Structure Optimization Research of the Automation Welding Equipment of the Large-Type Using the Response Surface Method, Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp , Jung, H. S. and Yoo, J. H., Measurement Uncertainty Estimation of Injection Temperature in Injection Molding Machine, Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp , Kwon, Y. S. and Jung, Y. D., Optimization of Processing on Filling Balance of the HR3P Mold Structure, J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng., Vol. 26, No. 3, pp , 2009.

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